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+// Exa 1.3a

+

+clc;

+clear all;

+

+Sv=1000; //voltmeter sensitivity(ohm/V)

+Vt=80; //Voltage across unknown resistance (V)

+It=10; //Current through unknown resistance (mA)

+Scale=150; //Volts

+

+//solution

+

+//Neglecting milliammeter resistance

+Rt=Vt/It; //Total circuit resistance(K  ohm)

+Rv=Sv*Scale/1000; //Voltmeter resistance(K ohm/V)

+Rx=Rt*Rv/(Rv-Rt); //actual value of unknown resistance(K ohm)

+err=(Rx-Rt)/Rx *100;

+printf('Apparent value of resistance = %d K ohm \n Actual value of resistance = %.2f K ohm \n Percentage error = %.1f percent \n',Rt,Rx,err);

+disp("");

+

+// Exa 1.3b

+

+Sv=1000; //voltmeter sensitivity(ohm/V)

+Vt=30; //Voltage across unknown resistance (V)

+It=600; //Current through unknown resistance (mA)

+Scale=150; //Volts

+

+//solution

+

+//Neglecting milliammeter resistance

+Rt=Vt/(It*10^-3); //Total circuit resistance(ohm)

+Rv=Sv*Scale; //Voltmeter resistance(ohm/V)

+Rx=Rt*Rv/(Rv-Rt); //actual value of unknown resistance(ohm)

+err=(Rx-Rt)/Rx *100;

+printf('Apparent value of resistance = %d ohm \n Actual value of resistance = %.3f ohm \n Percentage error = %.3f \n',Rt,Rx,err);

+disp("In Example1.3a, a well calibrated voltmeter may give a misleading resistance when connected across two points in a high resistance circuit.")

+disp("The same voltmeter, when connected in a low resistance circuit(Examole 1.3b) may give a more dependable reading. This shows that voltmeters have a loading effect in the circuit during measurement.");

+// In the 1.3b example, the answer mentioned in the textbook for Rx and percent error is isncorrect.

+