initial commit / add all books

71 files changed, 1323 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/339/CH1/EX1.1/ex1_1.sce b/339/CH1/EX1.1/ex1_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7aa6c9829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH1/EX1.1/ex1_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+mu0=4*%pi*10^-7;// defining permeability of free space

+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12;// defining permittivity of free space

+z0=sqrt(mu0/epsilon0);// calculating intrinsic impedance

+epsilonr=4.6;// defining relative permittivity

+vp=1/sqrt(mu0*epsilon0*epsilonr);// calculating phase velocity

+f1=30*10^6;

+f2=3*10^9;

+lambda1=vp/(f1);

+lambda2=vp/(f2);

+disp('metre',lambda1,'Wavelength corresponding to f1');//displaying wavelengths

+disp('metre',lambda2,"Wavelength corresponding to f2");//displaying wavelengths
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH1/EX1.2/ex1_2.sce b/339/CH1/EX1.2/ex1_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ba6f7974a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH1/EX1.2/ex1_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+mu0=4*%pi*10^-7;

+a=8*2.54*10^-5; //radius of copper wire

+sigmac=64.5*10^6; //conductivity of copper

+l=2*10^-2; //length of wire

+rdc=l/(%pi*a*a*sigmac);

+f1=100*10^6;

+f2=2*10^9;

+f3=5*10^9;

+skindepth1=1/sqrt(%pi*mu0*f1*sigmac);

+skindepth2=1/sqrt(%pi*mu0*f2*sigmac);

+skindepth3=1/sqrt(%pi*mu0*f3*sigmac);

+Lin1=(a*rdc)/(2*skindepth1*2*%pi*f1); //internal inductance

+Lin2=(a*rdc)/(2*skindepth2*2*%pi*f2); //internal inductance

+Lin3=(a*rdc)/(2*skindepth3*2*%pi*f3); //internal inductance

+temp=log(2*l/a)/log(%e);

+Lex=mu0*l*(temp-1)/(2*%pi); //external inductance

+disp("metre",skindepth1,"Skin depth at f1");

+disp("metre",skindepth2,"Skin depth at f2");

+disp("metre",skindepth3,"Skin depth at f3");

+disp("Henry",Lin1,"Internal inductance at f1");

+disp("Henry",Lin2,"Internal inductance at f2");

+disp("Henry",Lin3,"Internal inductance at f3");

+disp("Henry",Lex,"External inductance");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH1/EX1.3/ex1_3.JPG b/339/CH1/EX1.3/ex1_3.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b0fad406d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH1/EX1.3/ex1_3.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH1/EX1.3/ex1_3.sce b/339/CH1/EX1.3/ex1_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c67cfe62f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH1/EX1.3/ex1_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+f=10^4:10^5:10^10;

+w=2*%pi.*f;

+mu0=4*%pi*10^-7;

+l=2*2.5*10^-2;

+a=2.032*10^-4;

+temp=log(2*l/a)/log(%e);

+lex=mu0*l*(temp-1)/(2*%pi); //external inductance

+r=2*10^3;                   // resistance

+c=5*10^-12;                 //capacitance

+z=w*lex*%i+1 ./(w*c*%i+1/r); //impedance

+plot2d("gll",f,abs(z));

+title("High frequency impedance behaviour of a 2k ohm metal film resistor ");

+xlabel('Frequency  (f) in Hz');

+ylabel('Absolute Impedance (|Z|) in ohms');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH1/EX1.4/ex1_4.JPG b/339/CH1/EX1.4/ex1_4.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..501f6fb08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH1/EX1.4/ex1_4.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH1/EX1.4/ex1_4.sce b/339/CH1/EX1.4/ex1_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..58784b047
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH1/EX1.4/ex1_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+f=10^6:10^7:10^10;

+rs=(4.8*10^-6).*sqrt(f);

+re=(33.9*10^12) ./f;

+c=47*10^-12;

+w=2*%pi.*f;

+l=2*1.25*10^-2;

+a=2.032*10^-4;

+temp=log(2*l/a)/log(%e);

+lex=mu0*l*(temp-1)/(2*%pi);          //external inductance

+z=1 ./(1 ./re +w*c*%i)+rs+w.*lex*%i; // impedance of frequency dependent capacitor

+zideal=1 ./(w*c*%i);    //impedance of an ideal capacitor

+plot2d("gll",f,abs(z));

+plot2d(f,abs(zideal));

+title("Frequency responce of a high frequency capacitor");

+xlabel('Frequency  (f) in  Hz');

+ylabel('Absolute impedance  (|Z|) in ohms');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH1/EX1.5/ex1_5.JPG b/339/CH1/EX1.5/ex1_5.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9be74701c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH1/EX1.5/ex1_5.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH1/EX1.5/ex1_5.sce b/339/CH1/EX1.5/ex1_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7a618d3d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH1/EX1.5/ex1_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+f=10^7:10^8:10^10;

+w=2*%pi.*f;

+N=3.5;       //number of turns

+rad=0.05*0.0254;

+len=0.05*0.0254;      //length of wire

+a=(5*0.0254*10^-3)/2;

+u0=4*%pi*10^-7;

+sig_cu=64.516*10^6;

+e0=8.854*10^-12;

+l=(%pi*rad^2*u0*(N^2))/len;

+c=(e0*4*%pi*rad*(N^2)*a)/len;

+r=(2*rad*N)/(sig_cu*(a^2));

+z=1 ./((1 ./(r+w*%i*l))+w*%i*c); //impedance

+zideal=w*%i.*l;                  //impedance of an ideal inductor

+plot2d("gll",f,abs(z));

+plot2d(f,abs(zideal));

+title("Frequency response of the impedance of an RFC");

+xlabel('Frequency (f) in Hz');

+ylabel('Absolute Impedance (|Z|)  in  ohms');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce b/339/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..06790043d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+fo=200*10^6;

+Vce=3;

+Ic=3*10^-3;

+

+Cbc=0.1*10^-15;

+rBE=2*10^3;

+rCE=10*10^3;

+Cbe=100*10^-15;

+L3=50*10^-9;

+L=50*10^-9;

+gm=0.11666;

+

+disp("DC values of Hparameters are");

+h11=rBE;

+h12=0;

+h21=rBE*gm;

+h22=1/rCE;

+

+disp("Mho",h22,"h22",h21,"h21",h12,"h12","Ohms",h11,"h11");

+k=h21/(h11*h22-h21*h12);

+A=(1+k)/L;

+B=A^2;

+C=16*k*(%pi)^2*fo^2*(h22/h11);

+D=8*k*(%pi)^2*fo^2;

+C2=(A+sqrt(B+C))/D;

+C1=k*C2;

+

+disp("H parameters at resonance frequency");

+w=2*%pi*fo;

+E=1+%i*w*(Cbe+Cbc)*rBE;

+

+hie=rBE/E;

+hre=(%i*w*Cbc*rBE)/E;

+hfe=(rBE*(gm-%i*w*Cbc))/E;

+hoe=h22+(%i*w*Cbc*(1+gm*rBE+%i*w*Cbe*rBE))/E;

+disp("Mho",hoe,"hoe",hfe,"hfe",hre,"hre","Ohms",hie,"hie");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce b/339/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..97543916e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+stacksize("max");

+//define crystal parameters

+Lq=0.1;

+Rq=25;

+Cq=0.3*10^-12;

+C0=1*10^-12;

+

+//find series resonance frequency

+ws0=1/sqrt(Lq*Cq);

+disp(ws0);

+ws=ws0*(1+Rq^2/2*C0/Lq);

+fs=ws/2/%pi 

+

+//find parallel resonance frequency

+wp0=sqrt((Cq+C0)/(Lq*Cq*C0));

+wp=wp0*(1-Rq^2/2*C0/Lq);

+fp=wp/2/%pi

+

+//define frequency range for this plot

+f=(0.9:0.00001:1.1)*1e6;

+w=2*%pi*f;

+

+//find abmittance of the resonator

+Y=%i.*w*C0+1./(Rq+%i*(w*Lq-1./(w*Cq)));

+

+plot(f/1e6,abs(imag(Y)));

+mtlb_axis([0.9 1.1 1e-10 1e-1]);

+title('Admittance of the quartz crystal resonator');

+xlabel('Frequency {\itf}, MHz');

+ylabel('Susceptance |B|, \Omega');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.JPG b/339/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3ce92cf13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.sce b/339/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..adec6fcdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+Z0=50;

+//oscillation frequency

+f=2*10^9;

+w=2*%pi*f;

+//transistor S-parameters at oscillation frequency

+

+s_tr=[0.94*exp(%i*174/180*%pi),0.013*exp(-%i*98/180*%pi);1.9*exp(-%i*28/180*%pi),1.01*exp(-%i*17/180*%pi)];

+s11=ss2tf(1,1);

+s12=ss2tf(1,2);

+s21=ss2tf(2,1);

+s22=ss2tf(2,2);

+

+//find the Z-parameters of the transistor

+z_tr=ss2tf(s_tr,Z0);

+

+//attempt to add inductor to base in order to increase instability

+L=(0:0.01:2)*1e-9;

+

+Z_L=%i*w*L;

+z_L=[1,1;1,1];

+

+N=length(L);

+

+//create variables for the S_parameters of the transistor with the inductor

+s11=zeros([1 N]);

+s12=zeros([1 N]);

+s21=zeros([1 N]);

+s22=zeros([1 N]);

+

+//Rollett stability factor

+K=zeros([1 N]);

+

+for n=1:N

+   z_total=z_tr+z_L*Z_L(n);

+   s_total=ss2tf(z_total,Z0);

+   s11(n)=s_total(1,1);

+   s12(n)=s_total(1,2);

+   s21(n)=s_total(2,1);

+   s22(n)=s_total(2,2);

+   K(n)=(1-abs(s11(n))^2-abs(s22(n))^2+abs(det(s_total))^2)/2/abs(s12(n)*s21(n));

+end;

+

+plot(L/1e-9,K);

+title('Stability factor of the transistor in common-base mode vs. base inductance');

+xlabel('Base inductance L, nH');

+ylabel('Rollett stability factor \itk')

diff --git a/339/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce b/339/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c2a31adfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+//define the S-paramters of the transistor at resonance frequency

+s11=1.1*exp(%i*(170)/180*%pi);

+s12=0.4*exp(%i*(-98)/180*%pi);

+s21=1.5*exp(%i*(-163)/180*%pi);

+s22=0.9*exp(%i*(-170)/180*%pi);

+

+s=[s11,s12;s21,s22];

+

+//define oscillation frequency

+f0=8e9;

+w0=2*%pi*f0;

+

+//define parameters of the dielectric resonator

+Z0=50;

+beta=7;

+R=beta*2*Z0;

+Qu=5e3;

+

+//compute equivalent L and C

+L=R/(Qu*w0);

+C=1/(L*w0^2);

+

+//find output reflection coefficient of the DR

+Gout_abs=beta/(1+beta);

+Gout_angle=-atan(imag(s11),real(s11))/%pi*180;

+

+//compute electrical length of the transmission line for the DR

+theta0=-1/2*Gout_angle

+Gout=Gout_abs*exp(%i*Gout_angle*%pi/180);

+

+//find the output impedance of the DR

+Zout=Z0*(1+Gout)/(1-Gout)

+

+

+// find the equivalent capacitance (it will be necessary for the computation of the oscillator without DR)

+CC=-1/(w0*imag(Zout))

+

+Rs=50;

+

+//define the frequency for the plot

+delta_f=0.05e9; //frequency range

+f=f0-delta_f/2 : delta_f/100 : f0+delta_f/2;

+w=2*%pi*f;

+

+if theta0<0

+   theta0=360+theta0;

+end;

+

+theta=theta0*f/f0/180*%pi;

+

+//repeat the same computations as above, but for specified frequency range

+Gs=(Rs-Z0)/(Rs+Z0);

+G1=Gs*exp(-%i*2*theta);

+R1=Z0*(1+G1)./(1-G1);

+Zd=1./(1/R+1./(%i*w*L+%i*w*C));

+R1d=R1+Zd;

+G1d=(R1d-Z0)./(R1d+Z0);

+G2=G1d.*exp(-%i*2*theta);

+

+//compute the output reflection coefficient (we have oscillations if |Gout|>1)

+Gout=s22+s12*s21*G2./(1-s11*G2);

+

+figure;

+plot(f/1e9,abs(Gout),'b','linewidth',2);

+title('Output reflection coefficient of the oscillator with DR');

+xlabel('Frequency f, GHz');

+ylabel('Output reflection coefficient |\Gamma_{out}|');

+mtlb_axis([7.975 8.025 0 14]);

+

+

+//Redefine the frequency range (we have to increase it in order to be able to observe any variations in the response

+delta_f=5e9;

+f=f0-delta_f/2 : delta_f/100 : f0+delta_f/2;

+w=2*%pi*f;

+

+//Compute the output reflection coefficient of the oscillator but with DR replaced by a series combination of resistance and capacitance

+ZZ2=real(Zout)+1./(%i*w*CC);

+GG2=(ZZ2-Z0)./(ZZ2+Z0);

+GG=s22+s12*s21*GG2./(1-s11*GG2);

+

+figure;

+plot(f/1e9,abs(GG),'r','linewidth',2);

+title('Output reflection coefficient of the oscillator without DR');

+xlabel('Frequency f, GHz');

+ylabel('Output reflection coefficient |\Gamma_{out}|');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6a.JPG b/339/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6a.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5d1fef5f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6a.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6b.JPG b/339/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6b.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7349bd0a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6b.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH10/EX10.8/ex10_8.sce b/339/CH10/EX10.8/ex10_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..99f52a9be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH10/EX10.8/ex10_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+fRF=1.89*10^9; //RF frequency

+BW=20*10^6; //Bandwidth

+fIF=200*10^6; //Intermediate Frequency

+flo=fRF+fIF; //Local oscillator frequency

+Q=fIF/BW; //Quality factotr

+disp(Q,"Quality Factor");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH2/EX2.1/ex2_1.JPG b/339/CH2/EX2.1/ex2_1.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..08bd8854a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH2/EX2.1/ex2_1.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH2/EX2.1/ex2_1.sce b/339/CH2/EX2.1/ex2_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1cad9307d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH2/EX2.1/ex2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+I=5; //current in infinitely long wire

+a=0.005; //radius of infinitely long wire

+r_max=10*a; 

+N=100;

+r=(0:N)/N*r_max;

+for k=1:N+1

+if(r(k)<=a)

+H(k)=I*r(k)/(2*%pi*a*a); 

+else

+H(k)=I/(2*%pi*r(k));

+end;

+end;

+plot(r*1000,H);

+plot([a a]*1000,[0 160],'r:');

+title("Magnetic field distribution vs. distance from the center");

+xlabel("Distance from the center of the wire,mm");

+ylabel("Magnetic field,A/m");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH2/EX2.10/ex2_10.sce b/339/CH2/EX2.10/ex2_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2a0816c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH2/EX2.10/ex2_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+RL=20; //load resistance

+Zo=50; //intrinsic impedance

+Rin=50; //input resistance

+Tin=10^(-RL/20); //reflection coefficient at input

+Rg1=Rin*(1+Tin)/(1-Tin);

+Rg2=Rin*(1-Tin)/(1+Tin);

+disp("Ohms",Rg1,"Source resistance for positive Tin=");

+disp("Ohms",Rg2,"Source resistance for negative Tin=");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH2/EX2.3/ex2_3.sce b/339/CH2/EX2.3/ex2_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2c35164b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH2/EX2.3/ex2_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+f=1*10^9;

+w=6*10^-3; //width

+d=1*10^-3; //seperation

+epsilonr=2.25;

+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12;

+sigma_diel=0.125;

+sigma_cond=64.5*10^6;

+mu0=4*%pi*10^-7;

+skindepth=1/sqrt(%pi*sigma_cond*mu0*f);

+r=2/(w*sigma_cond*skindepth);

+L=2/(w*sigma_cond*2*%pi*f*skindepth);

+c=epsilon0*epsilonr*w/d;

+G=sigma_diel*w/d;

+disp("R,L,G,C parameters of a parallel copper plate transmission line ")

+disp(r,"Resistance in ohm/m");

+disp(L,"Inductance in Henry/m");

+disp(c,"Capacitance in Farad/m");

+disp(G,"Conductance in mS/m");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH2/EX2.5/ex2_5.sce b/339/CH2/EX2.5/ex2_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..12493e97d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH2/EX2.5/ex2_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+epsilonr=4.6;

+f=2*10^9;

+z0=50; //line impedance

+mu0=4*%pi*10^-7;

+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12;

+zf=sqrt(mu0/epsilon0); //free space impedance

+temp=((epsilonr-1)/(epsilonr+1))*(0.23+(0.11/epsilonr));

+temp1=2*%pi*(z0/zf)*sqrt((epsilonr+1)/2);

+A=temp+temp1;

+wtoh=(8*%e^A)/((%e^2*A)-2);

+Eff=(epsilonr+1)/2+(epsilonr-1)/2*1/(sqrt(1+12*(1/(wtoh))));

+vp=3*10^8/sqrt(Eff);

+lambda=vp/f;

+disp("metre/second",vp,"Phase velocity");

+disp("metre",lambda,"Wavelength");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH2/EX2.6/ex2_6.JPG b/339/CH2/EX2.6/ex2_6.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..86831c321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH2/EX2.6/ex2_6.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH2/EX2.6/ex2_6.sce b/339/CH2/EX2.6/ex2_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f524c49ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH2/EX2.6/ex2_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+L=209.4*10^-9; //line inductance in H/m

+C=119.5*10^-12; //line capacitance in F/m

+vp=1/sqrt(L*C); // phase velocity

+Z0=sqrt(L/C); // characteristic line impedance

+d=0.1; // line length

+N=500; // number of sampling points

+f=1*10^9+3*10^9*(0:N)/N; // set frequency range

+Z=tan(2*%pi*f*d/vp); // short circuit impedance

+plot(f/1*10^9,abs(Z0*Z));

+title('Input impedance of a short-circuited transmission line');

+xlabel("Frequency,GHz");

+ylabel("Input impedance,|Z");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH2/EX2.7/ex2_7.JPG b/339/CH2/EX2.7/ex2_7.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..63e9a4045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH2/EX2.7/ex2_7.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH2/EX2.7/ex2_7.sce b/339/CH2/EX2.7/ex2_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..79f33fcc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH2/EX2.7/ex2_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+L=209.4*10^-9; //line inductance in H/m

+C=119.5*10^-12; //line capacitance in F/m

+vp=1/sqrt(L*C); // phase velocity

+Z0=sqrt(L/C); // characteristic line impedance

+d=0.1; // line length

+N=500; // number of sampling points

+f=1e9+4e9*(0:N)/N; // set frequency range

+Z=cotg(2*%pi*f*d/vp); // short circuit impedance

+plot(f/1e9,abs(Z0*Z));

+title('Input impedance of an open-circuited line');

+xlabel('Frequency , GHz');

+ylabel('Input impedance |Z|, {\Omega}');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH2/EX2.8/ex2_8.JPG b/339/CH2/EX2.8/ex2_8.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c70bb2150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH2/EX2.8/ex2_8.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH2/EX2.8/ex2_8.sce b/339/CH2/EX2.8/ex2_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7800ec23f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH2/EX2.8/ex2_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+ZL=25; //input impedance

+Z0=50; //characteristic impedance

+epsilonr=4;

+dp=0.001;

+f0=500e6;

+mu0=4*%pi*1e-7;

+epsilon0=8.85e-12;

+Zline=sqrt(Z0*ZL); //line impedance

+w=dp/Zline*sqrt(mu0/epsilon0/epsilonr);

+L=mu0*dp/w;  //inductance

+C=epsilon0*epsilonr*w/dp;  //capacitance

+vp=1/sqrt(L*C);   //phase velocity

+Z0=sqrt(L/C);

+d=1/(4*f0*sqrt(L*C));

+N=100;

+f=2e9*(0:N)/N;

+betta=2*%pi*f/vp;

+Z=Zline*((ZL+%i*Zline*tan(betta*d))./(Zline+%i*ZL*tan(betta*d)));

+plot(f/1e9,real(Z));

+title('Input impedance of the quarter-wave transformer');

+xlabel('Frequency {\itf}, GHz');

+ylabel('Input impedance |Z_{in}|, {\Omega}');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH2/EX2.9/ex2_9.sce b/339/CH2/EX2.9/ex2_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0c34e861d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH2/EX2.9/ex2_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Zg=50; //generator impedance

+Zo=75; //intrinsic impedance

+Zl=40; //line impedance

+Vg=5; //generator voltage

+Ts=(Zg-Zo)/(Zg+Zo); //reflection coefficient at source

+To=(Zl-Zo)/(Zl+Zo); //reflection coefficient at load

+temp=1-(To^2);

+temp1=(1-Ts)^2;

+temp2=(1-Ts*To)^2;

+Pin=((Vg)^2*temp1*temp2)/(8*Zo*temp); //input power

+Pl=Pin; //power delivered to the load

+disp("Watts",Pl,"The Power delivered to the load is same as that at the input-->");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH3/EX3.2/ex3_2.sce b/339/CH3/EX3.2/ex3_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46baeeec2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH3/EX3.2/ex3_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Zl=30+%i*60; //load impedance

+Z0=50; // intrinsic impedance

+d=2*10^-2; //length of wire

+f=2*10^9;

+c=3*10^8;

+T0=((Zl-Z0)/(Zl+Z0)); //load reflection coefficient

+beta=((2*%pi*f)/(0.5*c));

+T=-0.32-%i*0.55;

+Zin=Z0*((1+T)/(1-T)); //input impedance

+disp("Ohms",Zin,"Input impedance-->");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH3/EX3.4/ex3_4.JPG b/339/CH3/EX3.4/ex3_4.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4b78f5e2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH3/EX3.4/ex3_4.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH3/EX3.4/ex3_4.sce b/339/CH3/EX3.4/ex3_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c2f8db43d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH3/EX3.4/ex3_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+Z0=50; //define 50 Ohm characteristic impedance

+Z=[50 48.5 75+%i*25 10-%i*5]; //define impedances for this example

+Gamma=(Z-Z0)./(Z+Z0) //compute corresponding reflection coefficients

+SWR=(1+abs(Gamma))./(1-abs(Gamma)); //find the SWRs

+a=0:0.01:2*%pi;

+for n=1:length(Z)

+

+plot(abs(Gamma(n))*cos(a),abs(Gamma(n))*sin(a),'b','linewidth',2);

+plot(real(Gamma(n)), imag(Gamma(n)),'ro');

+end;

+

+for n=1:length(Z)

+   if n~=1

+   end;

+end;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce b/339/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ca2ec4cb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+hie=5*10^3; //input impedance

+hre=2*10^-4; //voltage feedback ratio

+hfe=250; // small signal current gain

+hoe=20*10^-6; //output admittance

+rbc=hie/hre; // calculating base-collector resistance

+rbe=hie/(1-hre); //calculating base-emitter resistance

+beta=(hre+hfe)/(1-hre); //c calculating urrent gain

+rce=hie/(hoe*hie-hre*hfe-hre); //collector-emitter resistance

+disp("Ohms",rbc,"base collector resistance");

+disp("Ohms",rbe,"base emitter resistance");

+disp("Ohms",rce,"collector emitter resistance");

+disp(beta,"current gain");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce b/339/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b4d9aff9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Zin=50; //input impedance

+Z0=50;

+// defining scattering parameters

+S11=0;

+S22=0;

+S21=1/sqrt(2);

+S12=1/sqrt(2);

+R1=((sqrt(2)-1)/(sqrt(2)+1))*Z0;

+R2=R1;

+R3=2*sqrt(2)*Z0;

+disp(S21,S12,S22,S11,"Scattering parameters");

+disp("Ohms",R3,"Ohms",R2,"Ohms",R1,"Resistance values R1,R2,R3:");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH5/EX5.1/ex5_1.JPG b/339/CH5/EX5.1/ex5_1.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a1aa852ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH5/EX5.1/ex5_1.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH5/EX5.1/ex5_1.sce b/339/CH5/EX5.1/ex5_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46370b8c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH5/EX5.1/ex5_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+stacksize('max');

+C=2*10^-12;

+L=5*10^-9;

+R=20;

+Z0=50;

+//f=[10^7:10^8:10^11];

+//define frequency range

+f_min=10e6;  //lower frequency limit

+f_max=100e9; // upper frequency limit

+N=100;      // number of points in the graph

+f=f_min*((f_max/f_min).^((0:N)/N)); // compute frequency points on log scale

+w=2*%pi.*f;  

+A=(w.*w*L*C-1)/(w*C);

+S21=2*Z0./(2*Z0+R+%i*A);

+f0=1./(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C));

+disp("Hertz",f0,"Resonance frequency");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH5/EX5.2/ex5_2.JPG b/339/CH5/EX5.2/ex5_2.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..30df357c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH5/EX5.2/ex5_2.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH5/EX5.2/ex5_2.sce b/339/CH5/EX5.2/ex5_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fb11d1280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH5/EX5.2/ex5_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//define problem parameters

+

+Z0=50; //characteristic line impedance

+ZG=50; //source impedance

+ZL=50; //load impedance

+

+//series RLC filter parameters

+R=10;

+L=50e-9;

+C=0.47e-12;

+

+VG=5; //generator voltage

+

+//compute series resonance frequency

+w0=1/sqrt(L*C);

+f0=w0/(2*%pi);

+

+//define a frequency range

+delta=0.2;

+w=((1-delta):2*delta/1000:(1+delta))*w0;

+

+//compute quality factors

+Q_LD=w0*L/(R+2*ZL) //loaded quality factor

+Q_F=w0*L/R //filter quality factor

+Q_E=w0*L/(2*ZL) //external quality factor

+

+// compute Bandwidth

+BW=f0/Q_LD

+

+//compute input and load power

+P_in=VG^2/(8*Z0)

+P_L=P_in*Q_LD^2/Q_E^2

+

+//compute insertion loss and load factor

+epsilon=w/w0-w0./w;

+LF=(1+epsilon.^2*Q_LD^2)/(1-Q_LD/Q_F)^2; 

+IL=10*log10(LF);

+

+disp(Q_LD,"Loaded Quality Factor");

+disp(Q_F,"Filter Quality Factor");

+disp(Q_E,"External Quality Factor");

+disp("Watts",P_in,"Input Power");

+disp("Watts",P_L,"Power delivered to the load");

+disp("Hertz",f0,"resonance frequency of the filter");

+disp("Hertz",BW,"Bandwidth of the filter");

+plot(w/2/%pi/1e9,IL);

+title('Insertion loss versus frequency');

+xlabel('Frequency, GHz');

+ylabel('Insertion loss, dB');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.JPG b/339/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1f0ed69f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.sce b/339/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b44461fa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//define physical constants

+q=1.60218e-19;

+k=1.38066e-23;

+

+// define material properties

+Nc_300=[1.04e19 2.8e19  4.7e17];

+Nv_300=[6e18    1.04e19 7e18];

+mu_n=  [3900    1500    8500];

+mu_p=  [1900    450     400];

+Wg=    [0.66    1.12    1.424];

+

+T0=273;

+T=-50:250; // temperature range in centigrade

+

+sigma=zeros([3 length(T)]);

+

+for s=1:3 //loop through all semi conductor materials

+   Nc=Nc_300(s)*((T+T0)/300).^(3/2);

+   Nv=Nv_300(s)*((T+T0)/300).^(3/2);

+sigma=[q*sqrt(Nc.*Nv).*(exp(-Wg(s)./(2*k*(T+T0)/q)))*(mu_n(s)+mu_p(s))];

+end;

+

+plot(T,sigma(1),T,sigma(2),T,sigma(3));

+legend('Ge','Si','GaAs',2);

+title('Conductivity of semiconductor at different temperatures');

+xlabel('Temperature, {\circ}C');

+ylabel('Conductivity \sigma, \Omega^{-1}cm^{-1}');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.10/ex6_10.JPG b/339/CH6/EX6.10/ex6_10.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e081b0256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.10/ex6_10.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.10/ex6_10.sce b/339/CH6/EX6.10/ex6_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..01833fc63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.10/ex6_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+//define problem parameters

+Nd=1e16*1e6;

+d=0.75e-6;

+W=10e-6;

+L=2e-6;

+eps_r=12;

+Vd=0.8;

+mu_n=8500*1e-4;

+lambda=0.03;

+

+//define physical constants

+q=1.60218e-19; //electron charge

+eps0=8.85e-12; //permittivity of free space

+

+eps=eps_r*eps0;

+

+// pinch-off voltage

+Vp=q*Nd*d^2/(2*eps)

+

+//threshold voltage

+Vt0=Vd-Vp

+

+//conductivity of the channel

+sigma=q*mu_n*Nd

+

+//channel conductance

+G0=q*sigma*Nd*W*d/L

+

+//define the range for gate source voltage

+Vgs_min=-2.5;

+Vgs_max=-1;

+Vgs=Vgs_max:-0.5:Vgs_min;

+

+//drain source voltage

+Vds=0:0.01:5;

+

+//compute drain saturation voltage

+Vds_sat=Vgs-Vt0;

+

+//first the drain current is taken into account the channel length modulation

+for n=1:length(Vgs)

+   if Vgs(n)>Vt0

+      Id_sat=G0*(Vp/3-(Vd-Vgs(n))+2/(3*sqrt(Vp))*(Vd-Vgs(n))^(3/2));

+   else

+      Id_sat=0;

+   end;

+   

+   Id_linear=G0*(Vds-2/(3*sqrt(Vp)).*((Vds+Vd-Vgs(n)).^(3/2)-(Vd-Vgs(n))^(3/2))).*(1+lambda*Vds);

+   Id_saturation=Id_sat*(1+lambda*Vds);

+   Id=Id_linear.*(Vds<=Vds_sat(n))+Id_saturation.*(Vds>Vds_sat(n));   

+   plot(Vds,Id);

+set(gca(),"auto_clear","off");

+end;

+

+//next the channel length modulation is not taken into account

+for n=1:length(Vgs)

+   if Vgs(n)>Vt0

+      Id_sat=G0*(Vp/3-(Vd-Vgs(n))+2/(3*sqrt(Vp))*(Vd-Vgs(n))^(3/2));

+   else

+      Id_sat=0;

+   end;

+   

+   Id_linear=G0*(Vds-2/(3*sqrt(Vp)).*((Vds+Vd-Vgs(n)).^(3/2)-(Vd-Vgs(n))^(3/2)));

+   Id_saturation=Id_sat;

+   Id=Id_linear.*(Vds<=Vds_sat(n))+Id_saturation.*(Vds>Vds_sat(n));   

+   plot(Vds, Id);

+end;

+

+//computation of drain saturation current

+

+Vgs=0:-0.01:-4;

+Vds_sat=Vgs-Vt0;

+

+Id_sat=G0*(Vp/3-(Vd-Vgs)+2/(3*sqrt(Vp))*(Vd-Vgs).^(3/2)).*(1+lambda*Vds_sat).*(1-(Vgs<Vt0));

+

+plot(Vds_sat, Id_sat);

+

+mtlb_axis([0 5 0 4]);

+title('Drain current vs. V_{DS} plotted for different V_{GS}');

+xlabel('Drain-source voltage V_{DS}, V');

+ylabel('Drain current I_{D}, A');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.11/ex6_11.JPG b/339/CH6/EX6.11/ex6_11.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3f8eebae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.11/ex6_11.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.11/ex6_11.sce b/339/CH6/EX6.11/ex6_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..22a522318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.11/ex6_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//define problem parameters

+Nd=1e18*1e6;

+Vb=0.81;

+eps_r=12.5;

+d=50e-9;

+dWc=3.5e-20;

+W=10e-6;

+L=0.5e-6;

+mu_n=8500*1e-4;

+

+//define physical constants

+q=1.60218e-19;//electron charge

+eps0=8.85e-12;//permittivity of free space

+

+eps=eps_r*eps0;

+

+//pinch-off voltage

+Vp=q*Nd*d^2/(2*eps)

+

+//threshold voltage

+Vth=Vb-dWc/q-Vp

+

+//drain-source applied voltage range

+Vds=0:0.01:5;

+

+//gate-source voltages

+Vgs_r=-1:0.25:0;

+

+

+

+

+for n=1:length(Vgs_r)

+   Vgs=Vgs_r(n);

+   Id=mu_n*W*eps/(L*d)*((Vds*(Vgs-Vth)-Vds.*Vds/2).*(1-(Vds>(Vgs-Vth)))+1/2*(Vgs-Vth)^2*(1-(Vds<=(Vgs-Vth))));

+   plot(Vds,Id/1e-3);

+   set(gca(),"auto_clear","off");

+end;

+   

+

+title('Drain current vs. V_{DS} plotted for different V_{GS}');

+xlabel('Drain-source voltage V_{DS}, V');

+ylabel('Drain current I_{D}, mA');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.2/ex6_2.sce b/339/CH6/EX6.2/ex6_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fb8d272e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.2/ex6_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// doping concentrations

+Na=1*10^18;

+Nd=5*10^15;

+//intrinsic concentrations

+ni=1.5*10^10;

+T=300;

+term=(Na*Nd)/(ni*ni);

+k=1.38*10^-23;

+q=1.6*10^-19;

+Vdiff=(k*T)*log(term)/q;

+disp("Volts",Vdiff,"Barrier voltage");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.3/ex6_3.JPG b/339/CH6/EX6.3/ex6_3.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3affece32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.3/ex6_3.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.3/ex6_3.sce b/339/CH6/EX6.3/ex6_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46f806973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.3/ex6_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//define problem parameters

+

+ni=1.5e10*1e6; //intrinsic carrier concentration in Si [m^(-3)]

+Na=1e15*1e6; //acceptor doping concentration [m^(-3)]

+Nd=5e15*1e6; //donor concentration [m^(-3)]

+A=1e-4*1e-4; //cross sectional area [m^2]

+eps_r=11.9;  //cross sectional area [m^2]

+

+//define physical constants (SI units)

+q=1.60218e-19; //electron charge

+k=1.38066e-23; //Boltzmann's constant

+eps0=8.85e-12; //permittivity of free space

+

+eps=eps_r*eps0;

+

+T=300; //temperatuure

+

+//compute diffusion barrier voltage

+Vdiff=k*T/q*log(Na*Nd/ni^2)

+

+//junction capacitance at zero applied voltage

+C0=A*sqrt(q*eps/(1/Na+1/Nd)/2/Vdiff)

+

+//extents of the space charge region

+dn=sqrt(2*eps*Vdiff/q*Na/Nd/(Na+Nd));

+dp=sqrt(2*eps*Vdiff/q*Nd/Na/(Na+Nd));

+

+//define range for applied voltage

+VA=-5:0.1:Vdiff;

+

+//compute junction capacitance

+C=C0*(1-VA/Vdiff).^(-1/2);

+

+plot(VA,C/1e-12);

+title('Junction capacitance of abrupt Si pn-contact');

+xlabel('Applied junction voltage V_A, Volts');

+ylabel('Junction capacitance C, pF');

diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.4/ex6_4.sce b/339/CH6/EX6.4/ex6_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..437073e4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.4/ex6_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//doping concentrations

+Nc=2.8*10^19;

+Nd=1*10^16;

+term=Nc/Nd;

+k=1.38*10^-23; //Boltzman's constant

+q=1.6*10^-19; //charge

+Vc=(k*T)*log(term)/q;

+Vm=5.1; //workfunction

+X=4.05; //affinity

+Vd=(Vm-X)-Vc; //Barrier Voltage

+Epsilon=11.9*8.854*10^-12;

+ds=sqrt((2*Epsilon*Vd)/(q*Nd));

+A=1*10^-4; //cross-sectional area

+Cj=(A*Epsilon)/(ds); //junction capacitance

+disp("Volts",Vc,"Conduction Band potential");

+disp("Volts",Vd,"Built in Barrier Voltage");

+disp("metre",ds,"Space Charge Width");

+disp("Farads",Cj,"Junction Capacitance");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.7/ex6_7.sce b/339/CH6/EX6.7/ex6_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e04698b35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.7/ex6_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Ndemitter=1*10^19; // donor concentration in emitter

+Nabase=1*10^17; //acceptor concentration in base

+de=0.8*10^-6; //spatial extent of the emitter

+db=1.2*10^-6; //spatial extent of the base

+alpha=2.8125;

+beta=(alpha*Ndemitter*de)/(Nabase*db);

+disp(beta,"Maximum forward current gain");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.8/ex6_8.sce b/339/CH6/EX6.8/ex6_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..225be1212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.8/ex6_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Tj=150;

+Ts=25;

+Pw=15;

+Rthjs=(Tj-Ts)/Pw; //Junction-to-solder point resistance

+Rthca=2;

+Rthhs=10;

+Ta=60;

+Rthtot=Rthjs+Rthca+Rthhs; //total thermal resistance

+Pth=(Tj-Ta)/(Rthtot); //dissipated power

+disp("Watts",Pth,"Maximum dissipated power");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.9/ex6_9.JPG b/339/CH6/EX6.9/ex6_9.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0ab72495d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.9/ex6_9.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH6/EX6.9/ex6_9.sce b/339/CH6/EX6.9/ex6_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..91a34b8fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH6/EX6.9/ex6_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//define problem parameters

+Nd=1e16*1e6;

+d=0.75e-6;

+W=10e-6;

+L=2e-6;

+eps_r=12;

+Vd=0.8;

+mu_n=8500e-4;

+Vgs=0:-0.01:-4;

+

+//define physical constants

+q=1.60218e-19;// electron charge

+eps0=8.85e-12;// permittivity of free space

+

+eps=eps_r*eps0;

+

+//pinch-off voltage

+Vp=q*Nd*d^2/(2*eps)

+

+//threshold voltage

+Vt0=Vd-Vp

+

+//conductivity of the channel

+sigma=q*mu_n*Nd

+

+//Channel conductance

+G0=q*sigma*Nd*W*d/L

+

+//saturation current using the exact formula

+Id_sat=G0*(Vp/3-(Vd-Vgs)+2/(3*sqrt(Vp))*(Vd-Vgs).^(3/2)).*(1-(Vgs<Vt0));

+Idss=Id_sat(1)

+

+//saturation current using the quadratic law approximation

+Id_sat_square=Idss*(1-Vgs/Vt0)^2;

+

+plot(Vgs,Id_sat,Vgs,Id_sat_square);

+legend('exact formula', 'quadratic approximation',2);

+title('FET saturation current as a function of the gate-source voltage');

+xlabel('Gate-source voltage V_{GS}, V');

+ylabel('Drain saturation current I_{DSat}, A');

diff --git a/339/CH7/EX7.1/ex7_1.jpg b/339/CH7/EX7.1/ex7_1.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..55061021e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH7/EX7.1/ex7_1.jpg
diff --git a/339/CH7/EX7.1/ex7_1.sce b/339/CH7/EX7.1/ex7_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..023f073f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH7/EX7.1/ex7_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//define problem parameters

+TT=500e-12; // transit time

+T0=300;     //temperature

+Is0=5e-15;  // reverse saturation current at 300K

+Rs=1.5;     // series resistance

+nn=1.16;    //emission coefficient

+

+// parameters needed to describe temperature behavior of 

+// the band-gap energy in Si

+alpha=7.02e-4; 

+beta=1108;

+Wg0=1.16;

+pt=3;

+

+// quiescent current

+Iq=50e-3;

+

+// frequency range 10MHz to 1GHz

+f_min=10e6;  // lower limit

+f_max=1e9;   //upper limit

+N=300;       // number of points in the graph

+f=f_min*((f_max/f_min).^((0:N)/N)); // compute frequency points on log scale

+

+// temperatures for which analysis will be performed

+T_points=[250 300 350 400];

+

+// define physical constants

+q=1.60218e-19; // electron charge

+k=1.38066e-23; // Boltzmann's constant

+

+for n=1:length(T_points) 

+   T=T_points(n);

+   s=sprintf('T=%.f\n',T);

+   Vt=k*T/q;

+   

+   Wg=Wg0-alpha*T^2/(beta+T);

+   s=sprintf('%s   Wg(T)=%f\n',s,Wg);

+   

+   Is=Is0*(T/T0)^(pt/nn)*exp(-Wg/Vt*(1-T/T0));

+   s=sprintf('%s   Is(T)=%e\n',s,Is);

+   

+   Vq=nn*Vt*log(1+Iq/Is);

+   s=sprintf('%s   Vq(T)=%f\n',s,Vq);

+   

+   Rd=nn*Vt/Iq;

+   s=sprintf('%s   Rd(T)=%f\n',s,Rd);

+   

+   Cd=Is*TT/nn/Vt*exp(Vq/nn/Vt);

+   s=sprintf('%s   Cd(T)=%fpF\n',s,Cd/1e-12)

+   

+   Zc=1./(%i*2*%pi*f*Cd);

+   

+   Zin=Rs+Rd*Zc./(Rd+Zc);

+   

+   plot(f/1e6,abs(Zin));

+   set(gca(),"auto_clear","off");

+end;   

+

+title('Frequency behavior of small-signal diode model');

+xlabel('Frequency {\itf}, MHz');

+ylabel('Impedance |Z|, \Omega');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH7/EX7.4/ex7_4.sce b/339/CH7/EX7.4/ex7_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ee8f7bfae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH7/EX7.4/ex7_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+//first we define all parameters for the transistor and the circuit

+Z0=50; //characteristic imedance of the system

+

+Vcc=3.6; //power supply voltage

+Vce=2; //collector voltage 

+Ic=10e-3; //collector current

+

+T=300; //ambient temperature (300K)

+

+//transistor parameters (they are very similar to BFG403W)

+beta=145;    // current gain

+Is=5.5e-18;  // saturation current

+VAN= 30;     // forward Early voltage

+tau_f=4e-12; // forward transition time

+rb=125;      // base resistance

+rc=15;       // collector resistance

+re=1.5;      // emitter resistance

+Lb=1.1e-9;   // base inductance

+Lc=1.1e-9;   // collector inductance

+Le=0.5e-9;   // emitter inductance

+Cjc=16e-15;  // collector junction capacitance at zero applied voltage

+mc=0.2;      // collector junction grading coefficient

+Cje=37e-15;  // emitter junction capacitance at zero applied voltage

+me=0.35;     // emitter junction grading coefficient

+phi_be=0.9;  // base-emitter diffusion potential

+phi_bc=0.6;  // base-collector diffusion potential

+Vbe=phi_be;  // base-emitter voltage

+

+// some physical constants

+k=1.38e-23;   // Boltzmann's constant

+q=1.6e-19;    // elementary charge

+VT=k*T/q;     // thermal potential

+

+disp('DC biasing parameters');

+

+Ib=Ic/beta;

+disp("Amperes",Ib,"Base current");

+

+Rc=(Vcc-Vce)/Ic;

+disp("Ohms",Rc,"Collector resistance");

+

+Rb=(Vcc-Vbe)/Ib;

+disp("Ohms",Rb,"Base resistance");

+

+

+r_pi=VT/Ib;

+disp("Ohms",r_pi,"Rpi");

+

+r0=VAN/Ic;

+disp("Ohms",r0,"R0");

+

+gm=beta/r_pi;

+disp("Mho",gm,"Gm");

+

+Vbc=Vbe-Vce;

+Cmu=Cjc*(1-Vbc/phi_bc)^(-mc);

+disp("Farads",Cmu,"base collector capacitance");

+

+if(Vbe<0.5*phi_be)

+   Cpi_junct=Cje*(1-Vbe/phi_be)^(-me);

+else

+   C_middle=Cje*0.5^(-me);

+   k_middle=1-0.5*me;

+   Cpi_junct=C_middle*(k_middle+me*Vbe/phi_be);

+end;

+

+disp("Farads",Cpi_junct,"Junction Capacitance");

+

+Cpi_diff=Is*tau_f/VT*exp(Vbe/VT);

+disp("Farads",Cpi_diff,"Differential capacitance");

+

+Cpi=Cpi_junct+Cpi_diff;

+disp("Farads",Cpi,"Total Capacitance");

+

+C_miller=Cmu*(1+gm*r_pi/(r_pi+rb)*Z0*r0/(r0+rc+Z0));

+disp("Farads",C_miller,"Miller Capacitance");

+

+C_input=Cpi+C_miller;

+disp("Farads",C_input,"Total input capacitance");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH7/EX7.5/ex7_5.sce b/339/CH7/EX7.5/ex7_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eb2a3ba25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH7/EX7.5/ex7_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+l=1*10^-6; //length

+w=200*10^-6; //width

+d=0.5*10^-6; //depth

+E0=8.854*10^-12; 

+Er=13.1;

+q=1.6*10^-19; //electron charge

+Nd=1*10^16; //doping concentration

+mun=8500;

+Vp=(q*Nd*d^2)/(2*Er*E0);

+G0=(q*mun*Nd*w)/l;

+gm=0.0358;

+Cap=(E0*Er*w*l)/d;

+fT=gm/(2*%pi*Cap);

+disp("Hertz",fT,"Cut off frequency");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH7/EX7.6/ex7_6.sce b/339/CH7/EX7.6/ex7_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1f085d47d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH7/EX7.6/ex7_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Icq=6*10^-3;

+Ibq=40*10^-6;

+Van=30; //Early voltage

+q=1.6*10^-19;

+k=1.38*10^-23;

+T=300;

+fT=37*10^9; //Transition frequency

+gm=(Icq*q)/(k*T);

+beta0=Icq/Ibq;

+r0=Van/Icq;

+rpi=beta0/gm;

+Cpi=(beta0)/(2*%pi*fT*rpi);

+disp("Hybrid pi parametrs without Miller effect");

+disp("Mho",gm,"gm");

+disp("Ohms",rpi,"Rpi");

+disp("Farads",Cpi,"Cpi");

+disp("Ohms",r0,"R0");

+disp(beta0,"Beta0");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.JPG b/339/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d60926909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.sce b/339/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c987a6e0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+theta=(1:1:360)/180*%pi; //define conduction angle

+

+//compute efficiency

+nu=-1/2*(theta-sin(theta))./(theta.*cos(theta/2)-2*sin(theta/2)); 

+

+plot(theta/%pi*180,nu*100,'r','linewidth',2);

+set(gca(),"auto_clear","off");

+plot([0 180],[%pi/4*100 %pi/4*100],'b:');

+plot([180 180],[0 %pi/4*100],'b:');

+plot(180,%pi/4*100,'bo');

+plot(360,50,'bo');

+mtlb_axis([0 360 50 100]);

+title('Maximum theoretical efficiency of the amplifier');

+xlabel('Conduction angle \Theta_0, deg.');

+ylabel('Efficiency \eta, %');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.sce b/339/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..21d6f69ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+Ic=10*10^-3; //Collector current

+Vce=3;

+Vcc=5;

+beta=100; //current gain

+Vbe=0.8;

+I1=Ic+Ic/beta;

+R1=(Vcc-Vce)/I1;

+R2=(Vce-Vbe)/(Ic/beta);

+Vx=1.5;

+R3=(Vx-Vbe)/(Ic/beta);

+Ix=10*(Ic/beta);

+R11=(Vx/Ix);

+R22=(Vcc-Vx)/(Ix+(Ic/beta));

+R4=(Vcc-Vce)/Ic;

+disp("Amperes",I1,"I1","Ohms",R1,"R1","Ohms",R2,"R2","Ohms",R3,"R3","Ohms",R11,"R11","Ohms",R22,"R22","Ohms",R4,"R4");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH9/EX9.1/ex9_1.sce b/339/CH9/EX9.1/ex9_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d1dbdba56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH9/EX9.1/ex9_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//defining scattering parameters

+S11=0.102-%i*0.281;

+S21=0.305+%i*3.486;

+S12=0.196-%i*0.03471;

+S22=0.2828-%i*0.2828;

+

+Vs=5;

+Zs=40;

+Zl=73;

+Z0=50;

+

+Ts=(Zs-Z0)/(Zs+Z0);

+Tl=(Zl-Z0)/(Zl+Z0);

+Tin=S11+(S21*S12*Tl)/(1-S22*Tl);

+Tout=S22+(S12*S21*Ts)/(1-S11*Ts);

+

+a=S21^2;

+b=1-Ts^2;

+c=1-Tl^2;

+

+Gt=(c*a*b)/((1-Tl*Tout)^2*(1-S11*Ts)^2);

+Gtu=(c*a*b)/((1-Tl*S22)^2*(1-S11*Ts)^2);

+Ga=(a*b)/((1-Tout)^2*(1-S11*Ts)^2);

+G=(a*c)/((1-Tin)^2*(1-S22*Tl)^2);

+

+d=abs(Gt);

+

+Pin=(Z0*(Vs)^2)/((Zs+Z0)^2*(1-Tin*Ts)^2*2);

+pinR=real(Pin);

+pinI=imag(Pin);

+Pinc=sqrt(pinR^2+pinI^2);

+PA=78.1*10^-3;

+Pl=PA*d;

+disp(Pl,"Power delivered to load in watts");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH9/EX9.13/ex9_13.JPG b/339/CH9/EX9.13/ex9_13.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..07060b1cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH9/EX9.13/ex9_13.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH9/EX9.13/ex9_13.sce b/339/CH9/EX9.13/ex9_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4ef7d55bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH9/EX9.13/ex9_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+//define the S-parameters of the transistor

+s11=0.3*exp(%i*(+30)/180*%pi);

+s12=0.2*exp(%i*(-60)/180*%pi);

+s21=2.5*exp(%i*(-80)/180*%pi);

+s22=0.2*exp(%i*(-15)/180*%pi);

+

+K=1.18

+

+//find the maximum gain

+Gmax=abs(s21/s12)*(K-sqrt(K^2-1));

+Gmax_dB=10*log10(Gmax)

+

+//specify the target gain

+G_goal_dB=8; //would like to build an amplifier with 8dB gain

+G_goal=10^(G_goal_dB/10); //convert from dB to normal units

+

+//find constant operating power gain circles

+go=G_goal/abs(s21)^2;

+

+//find the center of the constant operating power gain circle

+dgo=go*conj(s22-conj(s11))/(1+go*(abs(s22)^2));

+

+

+//find the radius of the circle 

+rgo1=sqrt(1-2*K*go*abs(s12*s21)+go^2*abs(s12*s21)^2);

+rgo=rgo1/abs(1+go*(abs(s22)^2));

+

+//plot a circle in the Smith Chart

+a=(0:360)/180*%pi;

+

+set(gca(),"auto_clear","off");

+plot(real(dgo)+rgo*cos(a),imag(dgo)+rgo*sin(a),'r','linewidth',2);

+

+//choose the load reflection coefficient

+zL=1-%i*0.53

+GL=(zL-1)/(zL+1);

+

+plot(real(GL),imag(GL),'bo');

+

+[Ro,Theta]=polar(atan(imag(Gs),real(Gs)));

+Gin=s11+s12*s21*GL/(1-s22*GL);

+Gs=conj(Gin);

+Gs_abs=abs(Gs)

+Gs_angle=(Theta/%pi)*180;

+

+zs=(1+Gs)/(1-Gs);

+

+

+

+

diff --git a/339/CH9/EX9.14/ex9_14.JPG b/339/CH9/EX9.14/ex9_14.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d42e4e4e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH9/EX9.14/ex9_14.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH9/EX9.14/ex9_14.sce b/339/CH9/EX9.14/ex9_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0b6e65f6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH9/EX9.14/ex9_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+global Z0;

+Z0=50;

+

+//define the S-parameters of the transistor

+s11=0.3*exp(%i*(+30)/180*%pi);

+s12=0.2*exp(%i*(-60)/180*%pi);

+s21=2.5*exp(%i*(-80)/180*%pi);

+s22=0.2*exp(%i*(-15)/180*%pi);

+

+//pick the noise parameters of the transistor

+Fmin_dB=1.5

+Fmin=10^(Fmin_dB/10);

+Rn=4;

+Gopt=0.5*exp(%i*45/180*%pi);

+

+//compute a noise circle

+Fk_dB=1.6;

+Fk=10^(Fk_dB/10);

+

+

+Qk=abs(1+Gopt)^2*(Fk-Fmin)/(4*Rn/Z0) //noise circle parameter

+dfk=Gopt/(1+Qk); //circle center location

+rfk=sqrt((1-abs(Gopt)^2)*Qk+Qk^2)/(1+Qk) //circle radius

+ 

+

+//plot a noise circle

+a=[0:360]/180*%pi;

+set(gca(),"auto_clear","off");

+plot(real(dfk)+rfk*cos(a),imag(dfk)+rfk*sin(a),'b','linewidth',2);

+

+// plot optimal reflection coefficient

+plot(real(Gopt),imag(Gopt),'bo');

+

+

+//specify the desired gain

+G_goal_dB=8;

+G_goal=10^(G_goal_dB/10);

+

+//find the constant operating power gain circles

+go=G_goal/abs(s21)^2; // normalized the gain

+dgo=go*conj(s22-conj(s11))/(1+go*(abs(s22)^2)); //center

+

+rgo=sqrt(1-2*K*go*abs(s12*s21)+go^2*abs(s12*s21)^2);

+rgo=rgo/abs(1+go*(abs(s22)^2));

+

+//map a constant gain circle into the Gs plane

+rgs=rgo*abs(s12*s21/(abs(1-s22*dgo)^2-rgo^2*abs(s22)^2));

+dgs=((1-s22*dgo)*conj(s11-dgo)-rgo^2*s22)/(abs(1-s22*dgo)^2-rgo^2*abs(s22)^2);

+

+//plot a constant gain circle in the Smith Chart

+set(gca(),"auto_clear","off");

+plot(real(dgs)+rgs*cos(a),imag(dgs)+rgs*sin(a),'r','linewidth',2);

+

+

+

+//choose a source reflection coefficient Gs

+Gs=dgs+%i*rgs;

+plot(real(Gs), imag(Gs), 'ro');

+//text(real(Gs)-0.05,imag(Gs)+0.08,'\bf\Gamma_S');

+

+//find the actual noise figure

+F=Fmin+4*Rn/Z0*abs(Gs-Gopt)^2/(1-abs(Gs)^2)/abs(1+Gopt)^2;

+

+//print out the actual noise figure

+Actual_F_dB=10*log10(F)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH9/EX9.15/ex9_15.sce b/339/CH9/EX9.15/ex9_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b6f672834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH9/EX9.15/ex9_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+global Z0;

+Z0=50;

+

+//define the S-parameters of the transistor

+s11=0.3*exp(%i*(+30)/180*%pi);

+s12=0.2*exp(%i*(-60)/180*%pi);

+s21=2.5*exp(%i*(-80)/180*%pi);

+s22=0.2*exp(%i*(-15)/180*%pi);

+

+//noise parameters of the transistor

+Fmin_dB=1.5

+Fmin=10^(Fmin_dB/10);

+Rn=4;

+Gopt=0.5*exp(%i*45/180*%pi);

+

+

+//compute a noise circle

+Fk_dB=1.6;//desired noise performance

+Fk=10^(Fk_dB/10);

+

+Qk=abs(1+Gopt)^2*(Fk-Fmin)/(4*Rn/Z0); //noise circle parameter

+dfk=Gopt/(1+Qk); //circle center location

+rfk=sqrt((1-abs(Gopt)^2)*Qk+Qk^2)/(1+Qk); //circle radius

+

+

+//plot a noise circle

+a=[0:360]/180*%pi;

+set(gca(),"auto_clear","off");

+plot(real(dfk)+rfk*cos(a),imag(dfk)+rfk*sin(a),'b','linewidth',2);

+

+//specify the goal gain

+G_goal_dB=8;

+G_goal=10^(G_goal_dB/10);

+

+

+//find constant operating power gain circles

+go=G_goal/abs(s21)^2;  //normalized gain

+dgo=go*conj(s22-delta*conj(s11))/(1+go*(abs(s22)^2)); //center

+

+rgo=sqrt(1-2*K*go*abs(s12*s21)+go^2*abs(s12*s21)^2);

+rgo=rgo/abs(1+go*(abs(s22)^2)); //radius

+

+//map a constant gain circle into the Gs plane

+rgs=rgo*abs(s12*s21/(abs(1-s22*dgo)^2-rgo^2*abs(s22)^2));

+dgs=((1-s22*dgo)*conj(s11-delta*dgo)-rgo^2*s22)/(abs(1-s22*dgo)^2-rgo^2*abs(s22)^2);

+

+//plot constant gain circle in the Smith Chart

+set(gca(),"auto_clear","off");

+plot(real(dgs)+rgs*cos(a),imag(dgs)+rgs*sin(a),'r','linewidth',2);

+

+

+//choose a source reflection coefficient Gs

+Gs=dgs+%i*rgs;

+

+//find the corresponding GL

+GL=(s11-conj(Gs))/(delta-s22*conj(Gs));

+

+//find the actual noise figure

+F=Fmin+4*Rn/Z0*abs(Gs-Gopt)^2/(1-abs(Gs)^2)/abs(1+Gopt)^2;

+

+//% print out the actual noise figure

+Actual_F_dB=10*log10(F)

+

+//find the input and output reflection coefficients

+Gin=s11+s12*s21*GL/(1-s22*GL);

+Gout=s22+s12*s21*Gs/(1-s11*Gs);

+

+

+//find the VSWRin and VSWRout

+Gimn=abs((Gin-conj(Gs))/(1-Gin*Gs));

+Gomn=abs((Gout-conj(GL))/(1-Gout*GL));

+

+VSWRin=(1+Gimn)/(1-Gimn); //VSWRin should be unity since we used the constant operating gain approach

+VSWRout=(1+Gomn)/(1-Gomn);

+

+//specify the desired VSWRin

+VSWRin=1.5;

+

+//find parameters for constant VSWR circle

+Gimn=(1-VSWRin)/(1+VSWRin)

+dvimn=(1-Gimn^2)*conj(Gin)/(1-abs(Gimn*Gin)^2); //circle center

+rvimn=(1-abs(Gin)^2)*abs(Gimn)/(1-abs(Gimn*Gin)^2); //circle radius

+

+//plot VSWRin=1.5 circle in the Smith Chart

+plot(real(dvimn)+rvimn*cos(a),imag(dvimn)+rvimn*sin(a),'g','linewidth',2);

+

+

+//plot a graph of the output VSWR as a function of the Gs position on the constant VSWRin circle  

+Gs=dvimn+rvimn*exp(%i*a); 

+Gout=s22+s12*s21*Gs./(1-s11*Gs);

+

+//find the reflection coefficients at the input and output matching networks

+Gimn=abs((Gin-conj(Gs))./(1-Gin*Gs));

+Gomn=abs((Gout-conj(GL))./(1-Gout*GL));

+

+//and find the corresponding VSWRs

+VSWRin=(1+Gimn)./(1-Gimn);

+VSWRout=(1+Gomn)./(1-Gomn);

+

+figure; //open new figure for the VSWR plot

+plot(a/%pi*180,VSWRout,'r',a/%pi*180,VSWRin,'b','linewidth',2);

+legend('VSWR_{out}','VSWR_{in}');

+title('Input and output VSWR as a function of \Gamma_S position');

+xlabel('Angle \alpha, deg.');

+ylabel('Input and output VSWRs');

+mtlb_axis([0 360 1.3 2.3])

+

+

+//choose a new source reflection coefficient

+Gs=dvimn+rvimn*exp(%i*85/180*%pi);

+

+//find the corresponding output reflection coefficient

+Gout=s22+s12*s21*Gs./(1-s11*Gs);

+

+//compute the transducer gain in this case

+GT=(1-abs(GL)^2)*abs(s21)^2.*(1-abs(Gs).^2)./abs(1-GL*Gout).^2./abs(1-Gs*s11).^2;

+GT_dB=10*log10(GT)

+

+//find the input and output matching network reflection coefficients

+Gimn=abs((Gin-conj(Gs))./(1-Gin*Gs));

+Gomn=abs((Gout-conj(GL))./(1-Gout*GL));

+

+//and find the corresponding VSWRs

+VSWRin=(1+Gimn)./(1-Gimn)

+VSWRout=(1+Gomn)./(1-Gomn)

+

+//also compute the obtained noise figure

+F=Fmin+4*Rn/Z0*abs(Gs-Gopt)^2/(1-abs(Gs)^2)/abs(1+Gopt)^2;

+F_dB=10*log10(F)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH9/EX9.15/ex9_15a.JPG b/339/CH9/EX9.15/ex9_15a.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..41c1ffd11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH9/EX9.15/ex9_15a.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH9/EX9.15/ex9_15b.JPG b/339/CH9/EX9.15/ex9_15b.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..be924cd05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH9/EX9.15/ex9_15b.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH9/EX9.7/ex9_7.JPG b/339/CH9/EX9.7/ex9_7.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5aa3c1adb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH9/EX9.7/ex9_7.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH9/EX9.7/ex9_7.sce b/339/CH9/EX9.7/ex9_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1d6d06b31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH9/EX9.7/ex9_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//define s11 parameter of the transistor

+s11=0.7*exp(%i*(125)/180*%pi);

+

+//compute the maximum gain achievable by the input matching network

+Gs_max=1/(1-abs(s11)^2);

+Gs_max_dB=10*log10(Gs_max)

+

+//find the reflection coefficient for the maximum gain

+Gs_opt=conj(s11);

+

+//draw a straight line connecting Gs_opt and the origin

+set(gca(),"auto_clear","off");

+plot([0 real(Gs_opt)],[0 imag(Gs_opt)],'b');

+plot(real(Gs_opt),imag(Gs_opt),'bo');

+

+//specify the angle for the constant gain circles

+a=(0:360)/180*%pi;

+

+//plot source gain circles

+gs_db=[-1 0 1 2 2.6];

+gs=exp(gs_db/10*log(10))/Gs_max;

+

+for n=1:length(gs)

+   dg=gs(n)*conj(s11)/(1-abs(s11)^2*(1-gs(n)));

+   rg=sqrt(1-gs(n))*(1-abs(s11)^2)/(1-abs(s11)^2*(1-gs(n)));

+   plot(real(dg)+rg*cos(a),imag(dg)+rg*sin(a),'r','linewidth',2);

+end;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/339/CH9/EX9.8/ex9_8.JPG b/339/CH9/EX9.8/ex9_8.JPG
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1368745af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH9/EX9.8/ex9_8.JPG
diff --git a/339/CH9/EX9.8/ex9_8.sce b/339/CH9/EX9.8/ex9_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5ccc9cba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/339/CH9/EX9.8/ex9_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+s11=0.5*exp(%i*(-60)/180*%pi);

+s12=0.02*exp(%i*(-0)/180*%pi);

+s21=6.5*exp(%i*(+115)/180*%pi);

+s22=0.6*exp(%i*(-35)/180*%pi);

+

+Gs_max=1/(1-abs(s11)^2);

+Gl_max=1/(1-abs(s22)^2);

+

+G0=abs(s21)^2;

+

+Gmax=Gs_max*G0*Gl_max;

+Gs_max_dB=10*log10(Gs_max)

+Gl_max_dB=10*log10(Gl_max)

+G0_dB=10*log10(G0)

+Gmax_dB=10*log10(Gmax)

+Ggoal_dB=18;

+Gload_dB=Ggoal_dB-G0_dB-Gs_max_dB;

+Gl_opt=conj(s22);

+

+set(gca(),"auto_clear","off");

+plot([0 real(Gl_opt)],[0 imag(Gl_opt)],'b');

+plot(real(Gl_opt),imag(Gl_opt),'bo');

+a=(0:360)/180*%pi;

+gl=exp([Gload_dB]/10*log(10))/Gl_max;

+dg=gl*conj(s22)/(1-abs(s22)^2*(1-gl));

+rg=sqrt(1-gl)*(1-abs(s22)^2)/(1-abs(s22)^2*(1-gl));

+plot(real(dg)+rg*cos(a),imag(dg)+rg*sin(a),'b','linewidth',2);
\ No newline at end of file