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diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.1/example1.sce b/317/CH4/EX4.1/example1.sce
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+//Theory Example
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.1/example1.txt b/317/CH4/EX4.1/example1.txt
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+for an ideal diode
+peak load voltage is 14.1 volts
+dc load voltage is 4.49 volts
+
+with second approximation
+peak load voltage is 13.4 volts
+dc load voltage is 4.27 volts
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.10/example10.sce b/317/CH4/EX4.10/example10.sce
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+
+// Example 4-10, page 114
+
+clear;clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+V1=120;// rms input voltage in volts
+// turns ratio 8:1
+
+// Calculations
+V2=V1/8;// rms secondary voltage in volts
+Vp=V2/0.707;// peak secondary voltage
+PIV=Vp;// peak inverse voltage
+disp(PIV)
+disp("Volts",PIV,"Peak inverse voltage =")
+
+// Result
+// peak inverse voltage is 21.2 volts 
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.10/example10.txt b/317/CH4/EX4.10/example10.txt
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+peak inverse voltage is 21.2 volts 
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.2/example2.sce b/317/CH4/EX4.2/example2.sce
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+
+// Example 4-2, page 95
+
+clear;clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+// refer to the diagram
+// turns ratio 5:1
+V1=120;// primary voltage in volts
+
+// Calculations
+
+V2=V1/5;// secondary voltage in volts
+Vpin=V2/0.707;// peak secondary voltage in volts
+// with ideal diode
+Vpout=Vpin;
+Vdc=Vpout/%pi;
+disp("Volts",Vpout,"Peak voltage =")
+disp("Volts",Vdc,"dc load voltage=")
+// with second approximation
+
+Vpout=Vpin-0.7;// peak load voltage in volts
+Vdc=Vpout/%pi;
+disp("Volts",Vpout,"Peak voltage =")
+disp("Volts",Vdc,"dc load voltage=")
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.2/example2.txt b/317/CH4/EX4.2/example2.txt
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+for an ideal diode
+peak load voltage is 34 volts
+dc load voltage is 10.8 volts
+
+with second approximation
+peak load voltage is 33.3 volts
+dc load voltage is 10.6 volts
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.3/example3.sce b/317/CH4/EX4.3/example3.sce
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+++ b/317/CH4/EX4.3/example3.sce
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+
+// Example 4-3, page 97
+
+clear;clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vrms=120;// in volts
+// 10:1 step down transformer
+
+// Calculations
+
+Vp1=Vrms/0.707;// peak primary voltage in volts
+Vp2=Vp1/10;// peak secondary voltage in volts
+// the full wave rectifier acts like 2 back-to-back half-wave rectifiers.because of the center tap,the input voltage to each half-wave rectifier is only half the secondary voltage
+Vpin=0.5*Vp2;
+disp("Volts",Vpin,"Peak input voltage =")
+
+Vpout=Vpin;// ideally 
+disp("Volts",Vpout,"Peak voltage =")
+
+Vpout=Vpin-0.7;// using second approximation
+disp("Volts",Vpout,"Peak voltage =")
+
+
+
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.3/example3.txt b/317/CH4/EX4.3/example3.txt
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+peak input voltage is 8.5 volts 
+ideally peak output voltage is 8.5 volts
+with second approximation  peak output voltage is 7.8 volts.
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.5/example5.sce b/317/CH4/EX4.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3a0ae3f44
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+++ b/317/CH4/EX4.5/example5.sce
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+//Theory Example
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.5/example5.txt b/317/CH4/EX4.5/example5.txt
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+peak primary voltage is 170 volts
+peak secondary voltage is 17 volts 
+ideally peak output voltage is 17 volts
+with second approximation  peak output voltage is 15.6 volts.
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.6/example6.sce b/317/CH4/EX4.6/example6.sce
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index 000000000..0e6061273
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+++ b/317/CH4/EX4.6/example6.sce
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+//Theory Example
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.6/example6.txt b/317/CH4/EX4.6/example6.txt
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index 000000000..4e0af9b38
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+++ b/317/CH4/EX4.6/example6.txt
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+dc load voltage is 34 volts
+ripple is 1.1 Vpp
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.7/example7.sce b/317/CH4/EX4.7/example7.sce
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index 000000000..0e6061273
--- /dev/null
+++ b/317/CH4/EX4.7/example7.sce
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+//Theory Example
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.7/example7.txt b/317/CH4/EX4.7/example7.txt
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index 000000000..3dc3791d6
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+++ b/317/CH4/EX4.7/example7.txt
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+dc load voltage is 17 volts
+ripple is 0.28 Vpp
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.8/example8.sce b/317/CH4/EX4.8/example8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ea39e164a
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+++ b/317/CH4/EX4.8/example8.sce
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+// calculating of dc load voltage and ripple
+// Electronic Principles
+// By Albert Malvino , David Bates
+// Seventh Edition
+// The McGraw-Hill Companies
+// Example 4-8, page 110
+
+clear;clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+V1=120;// rms input voltage in volts
+Rl=5000;// dc load resistance in ohms
+f=60;// frequency in hertz
+C=100*10^-6// capacitance in farads 
+// 5:1 step down transformer
+
+// Calculations
+V2=V1/5;// rms secondary voltage in volts
+Vp=V2/0.707;// peak secondary voltage
+Vl=Vp;// ideal diode and small ripple
+Il=Vl/Rl;// dc load current in amperes
+Vr=Il/(2*f*C);// ripple in vpp,bridge rectifier
+disp("Volts",Vl,"dc load voltage =")
+disp("Volts",Vr,"riple =")
+
+// Result
+// dc load voltage is 34 volts
+// ripple is 0.57 Vpp
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.8/example8.txt b/317/CH4/EX4.8/example8.txt
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+dc load voltage is 34 volts
+ripple is 0.57 Vpp
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.9/example9.sce b/317/CH4/EX4.9/example9.sce
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index 000000000..7b8b86c97
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+++ b/317/CH4/EX4.9/example9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// calculating of dc load voltage and ripple
+// Electronic Principles
+// By Albert Malvino , David Bates
+// Seventh Edition
+// The McGraw-Hill Companies
+// Example 4-9, page 111
+
+clear;clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+V1=120;// rms input voltage in volts
+Rl=500;// dc load resistance in ohms
+f=60;// frequency in hertz
+C=4700*10^-6// capacitance in farads 
+// 15:1 step down transformer
+
+// Calculations
+V2=V1/15;// rms secondary voltage in volts
+Vp=V2/0.707;// peak secondary voltage
+Vl=Vp-1.4;// using second approximation
+Il=Vl/Rl;// dc load current in amperes
+Vr=Il/(2*f*C);// ripple in vpp,bridge rectifier
+disp("Volts",Vl,"dc load voltage =")
+disp("Volts",Vr,"riple =")
+
+// Result
+// dc load voltage is 9.9 volts
+// ripple is 35 mVpp
diff --git a/317/CH4/EX4.9/example9.txt b/317/CH4/EX4.9/example9.txt
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+dc load voltage is 9.9 volts
+ripple is 35 mVpp