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| author | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
| commit | b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (patch) | |
| tree | ab291cffc65280e58ac82470ba63fbcca7805165 /3020 | |
| download | Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.gz Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.bz2 Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.zip | |
initial commit / add all books
Diffstat (limited to '3020')
183 files changed, 1854 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3020/CH1/EX1.1/ex1_1.sce b/3020/CH1/EX1.1/ex1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1adeedb85 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH1/EX1.1/ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+l = 2 ; // Length in meters
+a = 6.25e-5; // Cross Sectional area in square meter inverse
+deltal = 3e-3; // Increase in length in meters
+f = 1e3; // Tension in Newtons
+Y = (f*l)/(a*deltal); // Young's modulus
+disp('N/m^2',Y,'The youngs modulus of the wire is');
+// Slight variation in answer.. there is mistake in the book..checked in calculator also..
+
diff --git a/3020/CH1/EX1.10/ex1_10.sce b/3020/CH1/EX1.10/ex1_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c630e75ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH1/EX1.10/ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+sap = 1.01e5; // Standard atmospheric pressure in newton per square meters
+k = 16e10;// Bulk modulus in newton per square meters
+deltaV = 1.009e5 ;// Change in pressure in newton per square meters
+C = deltaV/k;
+disp('V*m^3',C,'The fractional change of volume is')
diff --git a/3020/CH1/EX1.11/ex1_11.sce b/3020/CH1/EX1.11/ex1_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e64836d3f --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH1/EX1.11/ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Y = 1.025e10;// Youngs modulus in newton per square meters
+b = 2e-2; //Breadth of the bar in meters
+l = 1; // Length of wire in meters
+d = 1e-2;// Depth of bar in meters
+m = 2; // Load in Kg
+g = 9.8; // Gravity constant
+W=m*g;
+y = (W*l^3)/(4*Y*b*d^3);
+disp('m',y,'The depression produced in the bar is')
diff --git a/3020/CH1/EX1.12/ex1_12.sce b/3020/CH1/EX1.12/ex1_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c1e0a7529 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH1/EX1.12/ex1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+r = 1.2e-2; // Radius of cantilever in meters
+l = 1.5; // Length of cantilever in meters
+Y = 19.5e10; // Youngs modulus in newton per square meters
+m = 2; // Load applied in Kg
+g=9.8;
+w=m*g;
+y = (4*w*l^3)/(3*Y*%pi*r^4);//The depression produced in the wire
+disp('m',y,'The depression produced in the wire is')
diff --git a/3020/CH1/EX1.2/ex1_2.sce b/3020/CH1/EX1.2/ex1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9aee8a219 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH1/EX1.2/ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Y = 2e11 // Young's modulus in newton per square meter
+l = 2.75 // Length of wire in meters
+d = 1e-3 // Diameter of wire in meter
+r = (d/2); // Radius of wire
+M = 1 // Applied load in kilogram
+g = 9.8 // Acceleration due to gravity
+T = M*g; // Tensile force
+deltal = (T*l)/(%pi*r*r*Y);//Increase in length of wire
+disp('m',deltal,'Increase in length of wire is')
+// Variation in answer.. there is mistake in the book..checked in calculator also..
+
diff --git a/3020/CH1/EX1.3/ex1_3.sce b/3020/CH1/EX1.3/ex1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eb7301e32 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH1/EX1.3/ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+F = 0.2; // Force in newtons
+d = 5e-3; // Displacement in meter
+l = 6e-2; // Length of solid in meter
+b = 6e-2; // Breadth of solid in meter
+h = 2e-2; //Height of solid in meter
+A = l*b; // Area of the solid
+shs = F/A; // Shear stress
+theta = d/h; // Shear strain
+rdm = shs/theta; // Rigidity modulus
+disp('N/m^2',shs,'Shearing stress')
+disp('',theta,'Shearing strain')
+disp('N/m^2',rdm,'Rigidity Modulus')
diff --git a/3020/CH1/EX1.4/ex1_4.sce b/3020/CH1/EX1.4/ex1_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..594d156d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH1/EX1.4/ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+n = 2.4e10; //Rigidity Modulus in Newton per square meters
+l = 30e-2; // Thicknes0s in meter square
+a = 10e-4; // Surface area in meter square
+deltal = 1.5e-2; // Displacement in meters
+SF = (n*a*deltal)/l;// Shearing Force
+disp('N',SF,'Shearing force')
+// // there is Variation in answer.In textbook there is mistake.checked in calculator also.
+
diff --git a/3020/CH1/EX1.6/ex1_6.sce b/3020/CH1/EX1.6/ex1_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..48b14013a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH1/EX1.6/ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+l = 3; // Length of copper wire
+y = 10e10; // Young's modulus in newton per square meter
+r = 5e-4; // Radius in meters
+d = r*2; // Diameter
+sigma = 0.26; // Poisson's Ratio
+g = 9.8; // Gravitational Constant
+M = 10; // Load in Kg
+deltal = (M*g*l)/(%pi*r*r*y);
+lt = sigma*(deltal/l); // Lateral strain
+lc = lt*d;// Lateral Compression
+disp('m',lc,'Lateral Compression produced is')
diff --git a/3020/CH1/EX1.7/ex1_7.sce b/3020/CH1/EX1.7/ex1_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dc95cc2e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH1/EX1.7/ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+l=1; // Length of wire in meters
+d=1e-3; // Diameter of wire in meters
+r=d/2;//radius of wire in meters
+n=2.8e10; // Rigidity modulus in newton per square meters
+ang=%pi/2; // angle in radian
+c=ang*%pi*n*r^4/(2*l);
+disp('N m',c,'The couple to be applied is')
diff --git a/3020/CH1/EX1.8/ex1_8.sce b/3020/CH1/EX1.8/ex1_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..766a003c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH1/EX1.8/ex1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+d = 0.6e-3; // Diameter in meters
+r = d/2; // Radius of wire in meter
+deltal = 1e-3; // Length of elongation produced in meters
+m = 0.16*1e-3; // Mass in Rg
+angt = 1; // Angular twist in radian
+T = 10e-4; //Torque in Newton
+g = 9.8; // Gravitational Constant
+n = 2.34e9; // Rigidity modulus in mewton per square meters
+Y = (m*g)/(%pi*r*r*deltal);
+disp('',Y);
+sigma = (Y/(2*n))-1
+disp(' ',sigma,'The poisssons ratio is')
+// Wrong answer printed in textbook... Checked in calculator also...
diff --git a/3020/CH1/EX1.9/ex1_9.sce b/3020/CH1/EX1.9/ex1_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ef58b29d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH1/EX1.9/ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+l = 1.5; //Length of wire in meters
+r = 80e-3; // Radius of cylindrical shaft in meters
+n = 93e9;// Rigidity modulus in Newton per square meters
+r1 = 60e-3; // Inner radius of hollow shaft
+r2 = 100e-3; // Outer radius of hollow shaft
+phi = (%pi/300); // angle of twisting 0.6 degrees in radian
+c = (%pi^2*n*r^4)/(2*l*300);
+C = (%pi^2*n*(r2^4-r1^4))/(600*l);
+disp('N.m',c,'The twisting on a solid cylindrical shaft is')
+disp('N.m',C,'The twisting on a hollow cylindrical shaft is')
+//mistake in book.. checked in caluculator also.. slight variation in the answer..
diff --git a/3020/CH11/EX11.1/ex11_1.sce b/3020/CH11/EX11.1/ex11_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..51b024fa4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH11/EX11.1/ex11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+lambda = 5900e-10; // Wavelength of the sodium D line in meters
+c = 3e8;// Velocity of air
+h = 6.626e-34; // Plancks constant
+e = 1.602e-19; // Charge of an electron
+E = (h*c)/(lambda*e);
+disp('eV',E,'The energy of the first excited state is')
diff --git a/3020/CH11/EX11.10/ex11_10.sce b/3020/CH11/EX11.10/ex11_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..37208b467 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH11/EX11.10/ex11_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+c = 3e8; // Velocity of light in air
+h = 6.626e-34 ; // Planck's constant
+lambda = 4961e-10 ; // Wavelengh of green light from mercury lamp
+E = (h*c)/lambda; // Energy of each photon emitted
+N = 1/E ; // Number of photons rquired to do one joule of work
+disp('m^-3',N,'The number of photons from green light of mercury is')
diff --git a/3020/CH11/EX11.11/ex11_11.sce b/3020/CH11/EX11.11/ex11_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..99e47a88a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH11/EX11.11/ex11_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+c = 3e8; // Velocity of light in air
+h = 6.626e-34 ; // Planck's constant
+e = 1.609e-19; // Charge of an electron
+Eg = 0.8*e ; // Band gap of given semiconductor in joule
+lambda = (h*c)/Eg; // Wavelength of emitted radiation
+disp('m',lambda,'Wavelength of emitted radiation is')
+// Slight variation in the answer as compared to book... Checked in calculator... Book's mistake
diff --git a/3020/CH11/EX11.12/ex11_12.sce b/3020/CH11/EX11.12/ex11_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ce909155b --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH11/EX11.12/ex11_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+c = 3e8; // Velocity of light in air
+h = 6.626e-34 ; // Planck's constant
+e = 1.609e-19; // Charge of an electron
+Eg = 1.44*e ; // Band gap of given GaAs semiconductor in joule
+lambda = ((h*c)/Eg)*1e6; // Wavelength of emitted from given GaAs semicinductor is
+disp('um',lambda,'Wavelength of emitted from given GaAs semicinductor is')
diff --git a/3020/CH11/EX11.13/ex11_13.sce b/3020/CH11/EX11.13/ex11_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7433cd43f --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH11/EX11.13/ex11_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+c = 3e8; // Velocity of light in air
+h = 6.626e-34 ; // Planck's constant
+e = 1.609e-19; // Charge of an electron
+Eg = 3.0*e ; // Band gap of given GaAs semiconductor in joule
+lambda = ((h*c)/Eg)*1e6; // Wavelength of emitted from given GaAs semicinductor is
+disp('um',lambda,'Wavelength of emitted from given GaAs semicinductor is')
diff --git a/3020/CH11/EX11.2/ex11_2.sce b/3020/CH11/EX11.2/ex11_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bbbb796ad --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH11/EX11.2/ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+T = 523; // Temperature in kelvin
+c = 3e8;// Velocity of air
+h = 6.626e-34; // Planck's constant
+k = 1.38e-23; // Boltzmann's constant
+e = 1.602e-19; // Charge of an electron
+lambda = 5900e-10; // Wavelength of light in meters
+r = exp(-((h*c)/(k*T*lambda))); // R =(N2/N1) Ratio between the atoms in the first excited state and ground state
+disp('',r,'Ratio between the atoms in the first excited state and ground state')
diff --git a/3020/CH11/EX11.3/ex11_3.sce b/3020/CH11/EX11.3/ex11_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6afb08b88 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH11/EX11.3/ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+T = 523; // Temperature in kelvin
+c = 3e8;// Velocity of air
+h = 6.626e-34; // Plancks constant
+k = 1.38e-23; // Boltzmanns constant
+e = 1.602e-19; // Charge of an electron
+lambda = 5900e-10; // Wavelength of light in meters
+r = exp(((h*c)/(k*T*lambda))); // Temporary variable
+t = (1/(r-1)); //t =(Stimulated emission/Spontaneous emission)
+disp('',t,'Ratio between stimulated emission and spontaneous emission')
diff --git a/3020/CH11/EX11.4/ex11_4.sce b/3020/CH11/EX11.4/ex11_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c227765aa --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH11/EX11.4/ex11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+n0 = 1.76; // Refractive index of the ruby rod
+v0 = 4.3e14; // Frequency in Hz
+deltav0 = 1.5e11; // The doppler broadening in Hz
+tsp = 4.3e-3; // Lifetime of the spontanous emission in seconds
+tphoton = 6e-9; // Lifetime of photon in seconds
+c = 3e8; // Velocity of air
+d = ((4*%pi^2*v0^2*n0^3*tsp*deltav0)/(c^3*tphoton)); //d = N2-N1 Difference between the excited and the ground state populations
+disp('m^-3',d,'The Difference between the excited and the ground state populations is')
diff --git a/3020/CH11/EX11.5/ex11_5.sce b/3020/CH11/EX11.5/ex11_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..25490e521 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH11/EX11.5/ex11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+T = 300; // Temperature in kelvin
+c = 3e8;// Velocity of air
+h = 6.626e-34; // Plancks constant
+k = 1.38e-23; // Boltzmanns constant
+e = 1.602e-19; // Charge of an electron
+lambda = 5000e-10; // Wavelength of light in meters
+r = exp(((h*c)/(k*T*lambda))); // Temporary variable
+t = (1/(r-1)); //t =(Stimulated emission/Spontaneous emission)
+disp('',t,'Ratio between stimulated emission and spontaneous emission')
+// Slight variation in answer as compared to textbook..checked in calculator alsoo..
diff --git a/3020/CH11/EX11.6/ex11_6.sce b/3020/CH11/EX11.6/ex11_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b37253aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH11/EX11.6/ex11_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+lambda = 6328e-10; // Wavelength of the laser beam
+p = 2.3e-3; // Energy emitted by the laser in Joule/second
+p1 = 2.3e-3*60; // Energy emitted by the laser in Joule/minute
+c = 3e8; // Velocity of light in air
+h = 6.626e-34 ; // Planck's constant
+v = c/lambda; // Frequency of photon emitted by laser beam
+E = h*v; // Energy of a photon
+N = p1/E; // The number of photons emitted
+disp('photons/minute',N,'The number of photons emitted')
diff --git a/3020/CH11/EX11.7/ex11_7.sce b/3020/CH11/EX11.7/ex11_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bcb4a5a65 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH11/EX11.7/ex11_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+c = 3e8; // Velocity of light in air
+h = 6.626e-34 ; // Planck's constant
+lambda = 0.4e-6 ; // Wavelengh of cadmium sulphate crystal in meters
+E = (h*c)/lambda; // Energy of each photon emitted
+a = 4e-6; // Area of photodetector in square meters
+I = 200; // Intensity of light in watts/square meters
+N = (I*a)/E;// The number of pairs generated per second
+disp('',N,'The number of pairs generated per second is')
diff --git a/3020/CH11/EX11.8/ex11_8.sce b/3020/CH11/EX11.8/ex11_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..176267e4e --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH11/EX11.8/ex11_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+c = 3e8; // Velocity of light in air
+h = 6.626e-34 ; // Planck's constant
+e = 1.609e-19; // Charge of an electron
+Eg = 2.8*e ; // Band gap of given semiconductor in joule
+lambda = ((h*c)/Eg)*1e-6; // Wavelength of emitted radiation
+disp('um',lambda,'Wavelength of emitted radiation is')
+// Slight variation in the answer as compared to book... Checked in calculator... Book's mistake
diff --git a/3020/CH11/EX11.9/ex11_9.sce b/3020/CH11/EX11.9/ex11_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0b61d3d56 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH11/EX11.9/ex11_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+c = 3e8; // Velocity of light in air
+h = 6.626e-34 ; // Planck's constant
+e = 1.609e-19; // Charge of an electron
+Eg = 0.02*e ; // Ionization energy
+lambda = (h*c)/Eg; // Wavelength of emitted radiation
+disp('m',lambda,'Wavelength of emitted radiation is')
diff --git a/3020/CH12/EX12.1/ex12_1.sce b/3020/CH12/EX12.1/ex12_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9823f2724 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH12/EX12.1/ex12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+delta = 0.02; // Relative refractive index
+n1 = 1.48; // Refractive index of the core
+r = 1-delta; // r = (n2/n1)
+thetac = asind(r); // Critical Angle
+disp('Degrees',thetac,'The critical angle of fiber is')
diff --git a/3020/CH12/EX12.10/ex12_10.sce b/3020/CH12/EX12.10/ex12_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2673e4e82 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH12/EX12.10/ex12_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+d = 50e-6; // Diameter of core in fiber in meters
+lambda = 1e-6; // Operating Wavelength in meters
+NA = 0.20; // Numerical Aperture
+Nstep = 4.9*((d*NA)/lambda)^2 // Number of modes propogating through step indexfiber is
+Ngrad = Nstep/2; // Number of modes propogating through step graded index fiber is
+disp('',Ngrad,'Number of modes propogating through graded index fiber is')
diff --git a/3020/CH12/EX12.11/ex12_11.sce b/3020/CH12/EX12.11/ex12_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4512a5b5a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH12/EX12.11/ex12_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+n1 = 1.50; // Refractive index of core
+n2 = 1.45 ; // Refractive index of cladding
+delta = (n1-n2)/n1; // Relative refractive index
+NA = n1*sqrt(2*delta)
+disp('',NA,'The numerical aperture is')
+ia = asind(NA);// Acceptance angle
+disp('Degrees',ia,'The acceptace angle is')
+thetac = asind(n2/n1);// Critical Angle
+disp('Degress',thetac,'The critical angle of fiber is')
+
+// Slight variation in the answer of critical angle as compared to book... Checked in calculator... Book's mistake
diff --git a/3020/CH12/EX12.2/ex12_2.sce b/3020/CH12/EX12.2/ex12_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..544f4c3d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH12/EX12.2/ex12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+d = 6e-6; // Diameter of fiber in meters
+lambda = 1.5e-6; // Wavelength of laser source in meters
+n1 = 1.47; // Refractive index of core
+n2 = 1.43; // Refractice index of clad
+NA = sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); // Numerical Aperture
+N = 4.9*((d*NA)/lambda)^2 // Number of modes propogating through fiber is
+disp('',N,'Number of modes propogating through fiber is')
+// Slight variation in the answer as compared to book... Checked in calculator... Book's mistake
diff --git a/3020/CH12/EX12.3/ex12_3.sce b/3020/CH12/EX12.3/ex12_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..39d8b93cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH12/EX12.3/ex12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+n1 = 1.55; // Refractive index of core
+n2 = 1.50; // Refractice index of clad
+NA = sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); // Numerical Aperture
+disp('',NA,'The numerical aperture of fiber is')
diff --git a/3020/CH12/EX12.4/ex12_4.sce b/3020/CH12/EX12.4/ex12_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2e0e7215f --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH12/EX12.4/ex12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+n1 = 1.60; // Refractive index of core
+n2 = 1.50; // Refractice index of clad
+NA = sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); // Numerical Aperture
+disp('',NA,'The numerical aperture of fiber is')
diff --git a/3020/CH12/EX12.5/ex12_5.sce b/3020/CH12/EX12.5/ex12_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..111df2a0a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH12/EX12.5/ex12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+n1 = 1.50; // Refractive index of core
+NA = 0.26 ; // Numerical Aperture
+d = 100e-6; // Diameter of core in fiber in meter
+lambda = 1e-6; // Wavelength of source in meter
+n2 = sqrt(n1^2-NA^2); //The refractive index of cladding
+disp('',n2,'The refractive index of cladding is')
+ia = asind(NA);// Critical Angle
+disp('Degrees',ia,'The acceptace angle is')
+N = 4.9*((d*NA)/lambda)^2 // Number of modes propogating through fiber is
+disp('',N,'Number of modes propogating through fiber is')
diff --git a/3020/CH12/EX12.6/ex12_6.sce b/3020/CH12/EX12.6/ex12_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..57248e7ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH12/EX12.6/ex12_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+P1 = 100; // Power injected into fiber in milliwatts
+P0 = 40;// Power ejected into fiber in milliwatts
+loss = 10*log10(P1/P0);
+disp('dB',loss,'The loss is ')
+// Slight variation in the answer as compared to book... Checked in calculator... Book's mistake
diff --git a/3020/CH12/EX12.7/ex12_7.sce b/3020/CH12/EX12.7/ex12_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0e8ff628a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH12/EX12.7/ex12_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+delta = 0.012; // Relative refractive index
+NA = 0.22;// Numerical Aperture
+n1 = NA/(sqrt(2*delta)); //The refractive index of core
+n2 = n1*(1-delta); // The refractice index of cladding
+disp('',n1,'The refractive index of core is')
+disp('',n2,'The refractive index of cladding is')
diff --git a/3020/CH12/EX12.8/ex12_8.sce b/3020/CH12/EX12.8/ex12_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3f7f545c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH12/EX12.8/ex12_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+delta = 0.015; // Relative refractive index
+NA = 0.27;// Numerical Aperture
+n1 = NA/(sqrt(2*delta)); //The refractive index of core
+n2 = n1*(1-delta); // The refractice index of cladding
+disp('',n1,'The refractive index of core is')
+disp('',n2,'The refractive index of cladding is')
diff --git a/3020/CH12/EX12.9/ex12_9.sce b/3020/CH12/EX12.9/ex12_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ec865f57f --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH12/EX12.9/ex12_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+d = 60e-6; // Diameter of core in fiber in meters
+lambda = 2.7e-6; // Operating Wavelength in meters
+NA = 0.25; // Numerical Aperture
+N = 4.9*((d*NA)/lambda)^2 // Number of modes propogating through fiber is
+disp('',N,'Number of modes propogating through fiber is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.10/ex13_10.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.10/ex13_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..594a0326a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.10/ex13_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+// Intercpet along X-axis is 2a
+// Intercpet along Y-axis is 3b
+// Intercpet along Z-axis is 4c
+// So x=2,y=3,z=4
+x=2;// Coefficient of intercept
+y=3;//Coefficient of intercept
+z=4;//Coefficient of intercept
+p1 = (1/x);// Inverse of Coefficient
+p2= (1/y);// Inverse of Coefficient
+p3= (1/z);// Inverse of Coefficient
+p = [p1,p2,p3]
+[pp fact] = lcm(p)
+h = p1*(1/fact(1))
+k = p2*(1/fact(1))
+l = p3*(1/fact(1))
+disp('',l, k, h,'The miller indices of plane is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.11/ex13_11.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.11/ex13_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..321868b35 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.11/ex13_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+p1 = 1.2; // Primitives in Angstom
+p2 = 1.8; // Primitives in Angstom
+p3 = 2; // Primitives in Angstom
+h = 2;// Miller Indices
+k = 3;// Miller Indices
+l = 1;// Miller Indices
+a = 1/h;
+b = 1/k;
+c = 1/l;
+p = [a,b,c];
+[pp fact] = lcm(p);
+i1 = a*(1/fact(3));
+i2 = b*(1/fact(3));
+i3 = c*(1/fact(3));
+l1 = p1*i1;
+l2 = p2*i2;
+l3 = p3*i3;
+l21 = (p1/l1)*l2;
+l31 = (p1/l1)*l3;
+disp('Angstom',l31,l21,'The length of intercept made by Y and Z axes is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.12/ex13_12.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.12/ex13_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..93a20fad0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.12/ex13_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+h = 1;// Miller Indices
+k = 1;// Miller Indices
+l = 0;// Miller Indices
+a = 1/h;
+b = 1/k;
+//c = 1/l; Division by zero
+disp('The intercept made along Z-axis is infinity. It means that plane is paralle to Z axis')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.13/ex13_13.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.13/ex13_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e876f4446 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.13/ex13_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+a = 4.12e-10; // Lattice constant in meters
+h1 = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case1
+k1 = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case1
+l1 = 1;// Miller indices of diffracted plane case1
+d = a/sqrt(h1^2+k1^2+l1^2);// Lattice constant
+disp('m',d,'The lattice spacing for plane (1,1,1) is')
+h2 = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case2
+k2 = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case2
+l2 = 2;// Miller indices of diffracted plane case2
+d = a/sqrt(h2^2+k2^2+l2^2);// Lattice constant
+disp('m',d,'The lattice spacing for plane (1,1,2) is')
+h3 = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case3
+k3 = 2; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case3
+l3 = 3;// Miller indices of diffracted plane case3
+d = a/sqrt(h3^2+k3^2+l3^2);// Lattice constant
+disp('m',d,'The lattice spacing for plane (1,2,3) is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.14/ex13_14.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.14/ex13_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9a8b45f86 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.14/ex13_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+a = 1; // Lattice constant in meters suppose
+h1 = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case1
+k1 = 0; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case1
+l1 = 0;// Miller indices of diffracted plane case1
+d1 = a/sqrt(h1^2+k1^2+l1^2);// Lattice constant
+h2 = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case2
+k2 = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case2
+l2 = 0;// Miller indices of diffracted plane case2
+d2 = a/sqrt(h2^2+k2^2+l2^2);// Lattice constant
+h3 = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case3
+k3 = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case3
+l3 = 1;// Miller indices of diffracted plane case3
+d3 = a/sqrt(h3^2+k3^2+l3^2);// Lattice constant
+disp(' ',[d1,d2,d3],'The ratio of d(1,0,0):d(1,1,0):d(1,1,1)) is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.15/ex13_15.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.15/ex13_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..45008df05 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.15/ex13_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+a = 4.938e-10; // Lattice constant in meters
+h = 2; //Miller indices of diffracted plane
+k = 2; //Miller indices of diffracted plane
+l = 0;// Miller indices of diffracted plane
+d = a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2);// Lattice constant
+disp('m',d,'The lattice spacing for plane (2,2,0) is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.16/ex13_16.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.16/ex13_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0a4e0d521 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.16/ex13_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+a = 0.405e-9; // Lattice constant in meters
+t = 0.005e-2; // Thickness of Al foil in meters
+sl = 25e-4; // Side length of the Al foil in meters
+n = (t*sl)/a^3; // Number of atoms in the Al foil
+disp('',n,'The number of atoms in the Al foil is')
+// Wrong answer in the textbook... Chcecked in calculator also
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.17/ex13_17.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.17/ex13_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2ec212b26 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.17/ex13_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+a = 2.88e-10; //Lattice constant
+rho = 7200; // Density of the metal in Kg per cubic meter
+n = 1/(a^3*rho); // Number of units cells present in 1kg of metal
+disp('',n,'Number of units cells present in 1kg of metal is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.18/ex13_18.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.18/ex13_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..68efd9634 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.18/ex13_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+ar1 = 0.1258e-9; // Atomic radius in BCC state in meters
+ar2 = 0.1292e-9; // Atomic radius in FCC state in meters
+a1 = (4*ar1)/sqrt(3); //lattice constant for BCC
+v1 = (a1^3)/2; // Volume occupied by 1 atom in BCC
+a2 = (4*ar2)/sqrt(2); //lattice constant for FCC
+v2 = (a2^3)/4; // Volume occupied by 1 atom in FCC
+ch = ((v1-v2)/v1)*100; //Change in volume in percentage
+disp('',ch,'Change in volume in percentage during structural changes is')
+// Wrong answer in textbook...Checked in calculator
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.19/ex13_19.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.19/ex13_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..14dab4848 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.19/ex13_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+at = 63.5e-3; // Atomic weight of copper in Kg
+N = 6.022e26; // Avagadro constant
+r = 1.273e-10; // Atomic radius for FCC in meters
+n = 4;// Number of atoms per unit cell in FCC
+a = (4*r)/sqrt(2); // Lattice parameter for FCC
+rho = (n*at)/(N*a^3); //Density of material
+disp('gm/m^3',rho,'The density of copper is')
+// Slight variation in answer than textbook
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.2/ex13_2.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.2/ex13_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2443f2d64 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.2/ex13_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+h = 4; // Miller indices
+k = 3; // Miller indices
+l = 0; // Miller indices
+a = 2e-10; // In meters
+d = a/(sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2));
+disp('m',d,'The interplanar spacing for the plane is ')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.20/ex13_20.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.20/ex13_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8a18b3c0c --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.20/ex13_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+rho = 7860;//Density of alpha-iron in Kg/m^3
+M = 55.85e-3; // Atomic weight of alpha-iron in Kg
+n = 2;// Number of atoms per unit cell of BCC
+N = 6.022e26; // Avagadro constant
+a = ((n*M)/(N*rho))^(1/3);//Lattice constant
+r = ((a*sqrt(3))/4);
+disp('m',r,'The atomic radius of alpha-iron is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.21/ex13_21.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.21/ex13_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f328d9a7f --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.21/ex13_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+rho = 8960;//Density of copper in Kg/m^3
+M = 63.54e-3; // Atomic weight of copper in Kg
+n = 4;// Number of atoms per unit cell of FCC
+N = 6.023e26; // Avagadro constant
+a = ((n*M)/(N*rho))^(1/3);//Lattice constant
+disp('m',a,'The lattice constant of copper is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.3/ex13_3.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.3/ex13_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..487f3343e --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.3/ex13_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+de = 9.6e2 ; // Density of sodium in Kg per cubic meter
+At = 23; // Atomic weight of sodium
+n = 2;// Number of atoms present in a unit cell
+av = 6.022e26; // Avagadro constant
+mass = (n*At)/av;
+v = (mass/de)^(1/3); // Volume of a unit cell
+disp('m',v,'The lattice constant osf sodium is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.4/ex13_4.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.4/ex13_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2135b0ffd --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.4/ex13_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+de = 4e3; // Density of CsCl in Kg per cuibc meter
+At1 = 132.9; // Atomic weight of Cs
+At2 = 35.5; // Atomic weight of Cl
+a = 4.12e-10; // Lattice constant in meters
+n = 1; // Number of atoms in a unit cell
+m = de*a^3; // Mass of CsCl;
+N = (n*(At1+At2))/m; //Avagadro Constant
+disp('per Kg mole',N,'The value of avagadro constant is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.5/ex13_5.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.5/ex13_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e0ad7d30d --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.5/ex13_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+lambda = 1.5418e-10; // Wavelength of X-rays in meters
+theta = 30; // Angle of diffracted angle in degrees
+h = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane
+k = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane
+l = 1;// Miller indices of diffracted plane
+d = lambda/(2*sind(30));// Interplanar Distance for first order diffraction
+a = d*sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2);// Lattice constant
+disp('m',a,'The value of lattice constant is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.6/ex13_6.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.6/ex13_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1a8deb510 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.6/ex13_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+a = 2.814e-10; // Lattice constant in meters
+h = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane
+k = 0; //Miller indices of diffracted plane
+l = 0;// Miller indices of diffracted plane
+d = a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2);// Lattice constant
+disp('m',d,'The lattice spacing for plane (1,1,0) is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.7/ex13_7.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.7/ex13_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d169121f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.7/ex13_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+a = 4.12e-10; // Lattice constant in meters
+h = 3; //Miller indices of diffracted plane
+k = 2; //Miller indices of diffracted plane
+l = 1;// Miller indices of diffracted plane
+d = a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2);// Lattice constant
+disp('m',d,'The lattice spacing for plane (1,1,0) is')
diff --git a/3020/CH13/EX13.8/ex13_8.sce b/3020/CH13/EX13.8/ex13_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7c023ba77 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH13/EX13.8/ex13_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+a = 4.2e-10; // Lattice constant in meters
+h1 = 1; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case1
+k1 = 0; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case1
+l1 = 1;// Miller indices of diffracted plane case1
+d = a/sqrt(h1^2+k1^2+l1^2);// Lattice constant
+disp('m',d,'The lattice spacing for plane (1,0,1) is')
+h2 = 2; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case2
+k2 = 2; //Miller indices of diffracted plane case2
+l2 = 1;// Miller indices of diffracted plane case2
+d = a/sqrt(h2^2+k2^2+l2^2);// Lattice constant
+disp('m',d,'The lattice spacing for plane (2,2,1) is')
diff --git a/3020/CH14/EX14.1/ex14_1.sce b/3020/CH14/EX14.1/ex14_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9733fa0f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH14/EX14.1/ex14_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+m = 9.1e-31; // Mass of an electron in Kg
+e = 1.6e-19; // Charge of an electron in Columbs
+h = 6.626e-34; // Planck's Constant
+V1 = 150; // Potential difference in Volts (case1)
+lambda1 = h/(sqrt(2*m*e*V1));
+disp('m',lambda1,'The de-broglie wavelength when V=150 volts is ')
+V2 = 5000; // Potential difference in Volts (case2)
+lambda2 = h/(sqrt(2*m*e*V2));
+disp('m',lambda2,'The de-broglie wavelength when V=5000 volts is ')
+V3 = 400; // Potential difference in Volts (case3)
+lambda3 = h/(sqrt(2*m*e*V3));
+disp('m',lambda3,'The de-broglie wavelength when V=400 volts is ')
+//slight variation in answer than in textbook
diff --git a/3020/CH14/EX14.10/ex14_10.sce b/3020/CH14/EX14.10/ex14_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b99ef4bb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH14/EX14.10/ex14_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+h = 6.626e-34; // Planck's constant
+m = 9.11e-31; // Mass of an electron in Kg
+e = 1.6e-19; // Charge of an electron
+L = 4e-9 ; // Length of one dimensional potential well in meters
+n = 1; // For ground state
+E = (n^2*h^2)/(8*m*L^2*e);
+disp('eV',E,'The energy of the electron in ground state is')
+// Wrong answer given in textbook.. checked in calculator
diff --git a/3020/CH14/EX14.11/ex14_11.sce b/3020/CH14/EX14.11/ex14_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7061d7189 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH14/EX14.11/ex14_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+deltax = 1e-9; // Electron in position in meters
+m = 9.1e-31; // Mass of th electron in Kg
+h = 6.6e-34; // Planck's Constant
+deltap = h/deltax;
+deltav = deltap/m;
+disp('m/s',deltav,'The minimum uncertainity in velocity is')
+// Slight variation in answer as compared to textbook
diff --git a/3020/CH14/EX14.2/ex14_2.sce b/3020/CH14/EX14.2/ex14_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2567ba8b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH14/EX14.2/ex14_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+m = 9.11e-31; // Mass of an atom in Kg
+h = 6.626e-34; // Planck's constant
+e = 1.609e-19; // Charge of an electron in columb
+E = 100*e; // Energy of an electron in Joule
+lambda = h/(sqrt(2*m*E));//The de-broglie wavelength
+disp('m',lambda,'The de-broglie wavelength is')
+// Slight vartiation in answer than textbook
diff --git a/3020/CH14/EX14.3/ex14_3.sce b/3020/CH14/EX14.3/ex14_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9c0d0726b --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH14/EX14.3/ex14_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+m = 1.675e-27; // Mass of an nueton in Kg
+h = 6.626e-34; // Planck's constant
+e = 1.609e-19; // Charge of an electron in culoumb
+E = 10e3*e; // Energy of an electron in Joule
+lambda = h/(sqrt(2*m*E));//The de-broglie wavelength
+disp('m',lambda,'The de-broglie wavelength is')
+// Slight variation in answer than textbook
diff --git a/3020/CH14/EX14.4/ex14_4.sce b/3020/CH14/EX14.4/ex14_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f0b3de3de --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH14/EX14.4/ex14_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+c = 3e8; // Velocity of light in air
+m = 9.1e-31; // Mass of an atom in Kg
+h = 6.626e-34; // Planck's constant
+e = 1.6e-19; // Charge of an electron in culoumb
+V = 125; // Potential Difference in volts
+v = sqrt((2*e*V)/m); // Velocity of an electron
+disp('m/s',v,'The velocity of an electron is')
+u = (c^2)/v; //Phase velocity of an elctron
+disp('m/s',u,'The Phase velocity of an elctron is')
+lambda = h/(m*v);//The de-broglie wavelength
+disp('m',lambda,'The de-broglie wavelength is')
+p = m*v; // Momentum of the electron
+disp('(Kg.m)/s',p,'The momentum of th electron is ')
+w = 1/lambda; // Wave number
+disp('m^-1',w,'Thw wave number of he electron wave is')
diff --git a/3020/CH14/EX14.5/ex14_5.sce b/3020/CH14/EX14.5/ex14_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bce38fcaf --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH14/EX14.5/ex14_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+k = 1.38e-23; //Boltzmann constant
+h = 6.62e-34; // Planck's constant
+m = 9.1e-31; // Mass of an electron in Kg
+L = 0.1e-9 ; // Length of potential wall in meters
+nx = 1; // For the lowest energy level
+ny = 1; //
+nz = 2; // The higher energy level
+E = (h^2*(nx^2+ny^2+nz^2))/(8*m*L^2);//Energy of electron in (1 1 2) state
+disp('J',E,'Energy of electron in (1 1 2) state is')
+T = (E*2)/(3*k); // Temperature of the system
+disp('K',T,'Temperature of the system is')
diff --git a/3020/CH14/EX14.6/ex14_6.sce b/3020/CH14/EX14.6/ex14_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1a3f9b2c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH14/EX14.6/ex14_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+h = 6.626e-34; // Planck's constant
+m = 9.11e-31; // Mass of an electron in Kg
+e = 1.609e-19; // Charge of an electron
+L = 0.1e-9 ; // Length of one dimensional box in meters
+n1 = 1; // For ground state
+E1 = (n1^2*h^2)/(8*m*e*L^2);
+n2 = 6 ; // For fifth excited state
+E6 = (n2^2*h^2)/(8*m*e*L^2);
+E = (E6-E1);
+disp('eV',E,'The energy reqiured to excite the electron from ground state to ffth state is')
+// Wrong answer in textbook... Checked in calculator
diff --git a/3020/CH14/EX14.7/ex14_7.sce b/3020/CH14/EX14.7/ex14_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..428cca7c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH14/EX14.7/ex14_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+h = 6.626e-34; // Planck's constant
+m = 9.11e-31; // Mass of an electron in Kg
+e = 1.609e-19; // Charge of an electron
+L = 0.1e-9 ; // Length of one dimensional box in meters
+n = 1; // For ground state
+E = (n^2*h^2)/(8*m*L^2*e);
+disp('eV',E,'The energy of the electron in ground state is')
+//Slight variation in answer as compared to textbook
diff --git a/3020/CH14/EX14.9/ex14_9.sce b/3020/CH14/EX14.9/ex14_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cac71c25a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH14/EX14.9/ex14_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+deltax = 4e-10; // Electron in the position in meters
+h = 6.626e-34; // Planck's constant
+deltap = h/deltax;
+disp('(Kg.m)/s',deltap,'The uncertainity in momentum is')
diff --git a/3020/CH15/EX15.1/ex15_1.sce b/3020/CH15/EX15.1/ex15_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..50d8eb32a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH15/EX15.1/ex15_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Eg = 1.8*1.609e-19; // Bandwidth of given LED
+h = 6.626e-34; // Planck's Constant
+c = 3e8;
+lambda = ((h*c)/Eg)*1e6;
+disp('um',lambda,'The wavelength of light emitted from LED is')
diff --git a/3020/CH15/EX15.2/ex15_2.sce b/3020/CH15/EX15.2/ex15_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..15d8add78 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH15/EX15.2/ex15_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+lambda = 6715e-10; // Wvelength of light in meters
+h = 6.626e-34; // Planck's Constant
+c = 3e8;
+Eg = (h*c)/(lambda*1.6e-19);
+disp('eV',Eg,'The band gap of the given material is ')
diff --git a/3020/CH16/EX16.1/ex16_1.sce b/3020/CH16/EX16.1/ex16_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..229d02dcd --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH16/EX16.1/ex16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+e = 1.6e-19; // Charge of an electron
+m = 9.11e-31; // Mass of an electron in Kg
+r = 1.73e-8 ; // Resistivity of copper in ohm meter
+at = 63.5; // Atomic weight of copper in gm
+d = 8.92e3; // Density of copper in Kg per cubic meter
+N = 6.023e26; // Avagadros number
+n = (N*d)/at; //Carrier Concentration
+rhoc = 1/r // Conductivity of copper
+t = (rhoc*m)/(n*e^2); //Average collision time
+u = rhoc/(n*e);// Mobility of electrons in copper
+disp('m^2/(V.s)',u,'Mobility of electrons in copper is')
+disp('s',t,'Average time collision of electrons in copper')
+//Wrong answer printed in textbook of aberage time collision
diff --git a/3020/CH16/EX16.10/ex16_10.sce b/3020/CH16/EX16.10/ex16_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a2c8eb441 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH16/EX16.10/ex16_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+e = 1.6e-19; // Charge of an electron
+m = 9.11e-31; // Mass of an electron in Kg
+r = 1.6e-8 ; // resistivity of silver in (ohm.meter)
+at = 107.9e-3; // Atomic weight of copper in gm
+d = 10.5e3; // Density of silver in Kg per cubic meter
+N = 6.023e23; // Avagadros number
+c = 3e8 ;// Velocity of light in air
+fe= 5.5*e // Fermi energy of the silver piece
+E = 100;// Electric field
+sigma = 1/r; // Conductivity
+n = (N*d)/at;
+tr = (sigma*m)/(n*e^2);// Relaxation time
+lambda = c*tr; // Mean free path
+vd = (sigma*E)/(n*e);// Drift velocity
+disp('s',tr,'Relaxation time is')
+disp('m',lambda,'Mean free path is')
+disp('m/s',vd,'Drift velocity of electrons')
diff --git a/3020/CH16/EX16.11/ex16_11.sce b/3020/CH16/EX16.11/ex16_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0fb5cb71f --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH16/EX16.11/ex16_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+rho1 = 1.7e-8; // Resistivity of copper wire at room temperature
+T1 = 973; // Temperature in kelvin
+T2 = 300; // Room temperature in kelvin
+rho2 = rho1*(sqrt(T1)/sqrt(T2));
+disp('Ohm.meter',rho2,'Resistivity of copper wire is')
diff --git a/3020/CH16/EX16.12/ex16_12.sce b/3020/CH16/EX16.12/ex16_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..69209d548 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH16/EX16.12/ex16_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+e = 1.6e-19; // Charge of an electron
+m = 9.11e-31; // Mass of an electron in Kg
+rho = 1.54e-8; // Resistivity
+EF= 5.5*e; // Fermi energy in joule
+n = 5.8e28; // Concentration of electrons per cubic meters
+E = 100; // Electric field in V/m
+tr = m/(rho*n*e^2); // Relaxation time
+u = (e*tr)/m; // Mobility of electrons
+disp('m^2/(V.s)',u,'Mobility of electrons')
+vd = (e*tr*E)/m; //drift velocity of electrons
+disp('m/s',vd,'The drift velocity of electrons is')
+VF = sqrt((2*EF)/m);// Fermi velocity
+lambda = VF*tr; // Mean free path
+disp('m',lambda,'The mean free path is')
diff --git a/3020/CH16/EX16.2/ex16_2.sce b/3020/CH16/EX16.2/ex16_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a0a1452f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH16/EX16.2/ex16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+m = 9.11e-31; // Mass of electron in Kg
+e = 1.6e-19; // charge of an electron
+r = 1.85e-10; // Radius of sodium atom in meters
+tr = 3e-14; //Mean free time of sodium in meters/sec
+a = (4*r)/sqrt(3); // Lattice constant of a BCC structure
+ne = 2/(a^3);
+rho = (m)/(ne*e^2*tr); // Resistivity of copper
+disp('Ohm.m',rho,'Resistivity of copper is')
+//Slight variation in answer as compared to textbook
diff --git a/3020/CH16/EX16.3/ex16_3.sce b/3020/CH16/EX16.3/ex16_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..10e8d9ed3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH16/EX16.3/ex16_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+n = 25.33e27; // Number of electrons per unit volume
+tr = 3.1e14; // Mean free time of electron
+m = 9.11e-31; // Mass of electron in Kg
+e = 1.6e-19; // Charge of an electron
+rho = m/(n*e^2*tr); //Electrical resistivity of sodium metal
+disp('Ohm.meter',rho,'Electrical resistivity of sodium metal at zero degrees is')
diff --git a/3020/CH16/EX16.4/ex16_4.sce b/3020/CH16/EX16.4/ex16_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fcda8af54 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH16/EX16.4/ex16_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+n = 5.8e28; // Number of electrons per unit volume
+tr = 3.4e-14; // Relaxation time of electron in seconds
+m = 9.11e-31; // Mass of electron in Kg
+e = 1.6e-19; // Charge of an electron
+rho = m/(n*e^2*tr); //Electrical resistivity of sodium metal
+disp('Ohm.meter',rho,'Electrical resistivity of sodium metal at zero degrees is')
+ue = (e*tr)/m; //Mobility of electron in metal
+disp('m^2/(V.s)',ue,'The mobility of electron in metal is')
+// Wrong answer printed in textbook... checked in calculator
diff --git a/3020/CH16/EX16.5/ex16_5.sce b/3020/CH16/EX16.5/ex16_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..309de3687 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH16/EX16.5/ex16_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+r = 1.54e-8; // Resistivity of silver in ohm per meter
+E = 100; // Electric field along wire in v/m
+cc = 5.8e28; // Carrier concentration of electron per cubic meter
+e = 1.6e-19; // Charge of an electron
+u = 1/(r*cc*e);// Mobility of electron
+vd = u*E;// Drift velocity
+disp('m^2/(V.s)',u,'The mobility of electron is')
+disp('m/s',vd,'Drift velocity is')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH16/EX16.6/ex16_6.sce b/3020/CH16/EX16.6/ex16_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9912af88b --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH16/EX16.6/ex16_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+e = 1.6e-19; // Charge of an electron
+m = 9.11e-31; // Mass of an electron in Kg
+rho = 6.8e7 ; // Conductivity of silver in 1/(ohm.meter)
+at = 107.9; // Atomic weight of copper in gm
+d = 10.5e3; // Density of silver in Kg per cubic meter
+N = 6.023e26; // Avagadros number
+n = (N*d)/at; //Density of electrons
+disp('atoms/m^3',n,'The density of electrons is')
+u = (rho/(n*e)); // Mobility of electron
+disp('(m^2.V)/s',u,'The mobility of electron is')
diff --git a/3020/CH16/EX16.7/ex16_7.sce b/3020/CH16/EX16.7/ex16_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..56d7fd8a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH16/EX16.7/ex16_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+sigma = 5.87e7; // Electrical conductivity of copper
+k = 390; // Thermal conductivity
+T = 293; // Temperature in kelvin
+L = k/(sigma*T); //Lorrentz number
+disp('(W.OHM)/K^2',L,'The lorrentz number is')
diff --git a/3020/CH16/EX16.8/ex16_8.sce b/3020/CH16/EX16.8/ex16_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..758894c9c --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH16/EX16.8/ex16_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+e = 1.6e-19; // Charge of an electron
+m = 9.1e-31; // Mass of an electron
+k = 1.38e-23; //Boltzmann constant
+tr = 1e-14; // The relaxation time in seconds
+T = 300; // Temperature in kelvin
+n = 6e28; //The electron concentration in cubic meters
+sigma = (n*e^2*tr)/(m);// Electrical Conductivity
+K = (n*%pi^2*k^2*T*tr)/(3*m); //Thermal Conductivity
+L = K/(sigma*T); // Lorrentz number
+disp('1/(ohm.meter)',sigma,'The electrical conductivity is')
+disp('W/(m.k)',K,'The thermal conductivity is')
+disp('(W.ohm)/K^2',L,'The lorrentz number is')
diff --git a/3020/CH16/EX16.9/ex16_9.sce b/3020/CH16/EX16.9/ex16_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8b487aa1e --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH16/EX16.9/ex16_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+N = 6.022e23; // Avagadros number
+at = 63.5; // Atomic weight of copper
+m = 9.1e-31; // Mass of electron
+e = 1.6e-19;// Charge of an electron
+tr = 1e-14; // Relaxation time
+d = 8900e3; // Density of electrons
+n = (N*d)/at;
+ n1 = 1; //Number of electrons free per atom in copper is 1
+ sigma = (n*e^2*tr)/m;
+ disp('1/(ohm.meter)',sigma,'The electrical conductivity is')
diff --git a/3020/CH17/EX17.1/ex17_1.sce b/3020/CH17/EX17.1/ex17_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..93b4b4868 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH17/EX17.1/ex17_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+pCu=8.96e3;//density of copper in kg*m^-3
+pZn=7.14e3;//density of Zn in kg*m^-3
+pAl=2.70e3;//density of Al in kg*m^-3
+MCu=63.55;//atomic weight of Cu
+MZn=65.38;//atomic weight of Zn
+MAl=27.0;//atomic weight of Al
+N=6.022*1e26;//avogadro's constant
+x=1;//no of free electrons per atom
+h=6.626e-34;
+me=9.1e-31;
+
+//for Cu
+n=pCu*N*x/MCu;//concentration of electron in Cu
+Efo=(h*h/(8*me))*((3*n/%pi)^(2/3));//fermi energy at 0K
+Efo1=Efo/(1.6e-19);//convertion into eV from J
+disp('eV',Efo1,'fermi energy at 0 K');
+
+//for Zn
+x=2;
+n=pZn*N*x/MZn;//concentration of electron in Zn
+Efo=(h*h/(8*me))*((3*n/%pi)^(2/3));//fermi energy at 0K
+Efo1=Efo/(1.6e-19);//convertion into eV from J
+disp('eV',Efo1,'fermi energy at 0 K');
+
+//for Al
+x=3;
+n=pAl*N*x/MAl;//concentration of electron in Al
+Efo=(h*h/(8*me))*((3*n/%pi)^(2/3));//fermi energy at 0K
+Efo1=Efo/(1.6e-19);//convertion into eV from J
+disp('eV',Efo1,'fermi energy at 0 K');
diff --git a/3020/CH17/EX17.2/ex17_2.sce b/3020/CH17/EX17.2/ex17_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..57faeea01 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH17/EX17.2/ex17_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+h=6.626e-34;//planck's constant
+me=9.1e-31; //Mass of electron in Kg
+T=0;//temperature
+n=8.4905e28;
+Efo=(h*h/(8*me))*((3*n/%pi)^(2/3));//fermi energy at 0K in J
+Efo1=Efo/(1.6e-19);//convertion into eV from J
+disp('eV',Efo1,'fermi energy at 0 K');
+lemda=6.82e27;
+Z=lemda*sqrt(Efo1)/2;//density of states for Cu at fermi level
+disp('m^-3',Z,'density of states for Cu at fermi level is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH17/EX17.3/ex17_3.sce b/3020/CH17/EX17.3/ex17_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d9767c1b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH17/EX17.3/ex17_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+rhoNi=63e-9;//resistivity of Ni in ohm*m
+rhoCr=129e-9;//resistivity of Cr in ohm*m
+rhoNiCr=1120e-9;//resistivity of 80% Ni +20% Cr in ohm*m
+X=0.8;//atomic fraction
+C=rhoNiCr/(X*(1-X));//'Nordheim constant
+disp('ohm*m',C,'Nordheim constant is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH17/EX17.4/ex17_4.sce b/3020/CH17/EX17.4/ex17_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..93e8cdec4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH17/EX17.4/ex17_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+rho=2.7e3;//density of Al in Kg/m^3
+m=27;//atomic weight of Al
+to=1e-14;//relexation time in second
+Na=6.022e26;
+e=1.6e-19;
+x=3;//no of electrons per atom
+n=rho*Na*x/m;//no of electron available per m^3
+disp('m^-3',n,'no of electron available in Al is');
+me=9.1e-31;
+sigma=n*e*e*to/me;//conductivity of Al
+disp('ohm*m',sigma,'conductivity of Al is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH17/EX17.5/ex17_5.sce b/3020/CH17/EX17.5/ex17_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8e01955fa --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH17/EX17.5/ex17_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Ed=0.01;//difference between energy level to fermi level
+Ed1=Ed*1.6e-19;//convertion from eV to J
+T=200;//temperature in kelvin
+k=1.38e-23;//boltzmann constant
+x=Ed1/(k*T);//temporary variable
+F=1/(1+exp(x));//fermi distribution function
+disp('',F,'fermi distribution function is:')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH17/EX17.6/ex17_6.sce b/3020/CH17/EX17.6/ex17_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b200600ce --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH17/EX17.6/ex17_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+v=0.86e6;//velocity of electron in m/s
+m=9.1e-31;// Mass of electron in Kg
+e=1.6e-19;// Charge of electron
+k=1.38e-23;//boltzmann constant
+Ef=m*v*v/2;//fermi energy
+Tf=Ef/k;//The fermi temperature
+disp('K',Tf,'The fermi temperature is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH17/EX17.7/ex17_7.sce b/3020/CH17/EX17.7/ex17_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..326e702e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH17/EX17.7/ex17_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+m=9.1e-31; // Mass of electron in Kg
+e=1.6e-19; // Charge of electron
+h=6.63e-34;//planck constant
+Ef=3;//fermi energy in eV
+Ed=0.01;//energy interval in eV
+E1=Ef*e;//At ground state
+E2=E1+(Ed*e);
+x=(2*((E2^(3/2))-(E1^(3/2))))/3;//temporary variable
+n=(4*%pi*x*((2*m)^(3/2)))/(h^3);//no of states between the energy level
+disp('',n,'no of states between the energy level is:')
+// Asbolutely wrong answer in book... Checked in calculator
diff --git a/3020/CH17/EX17.8/ex17_8.sce b/3020/CH17/EX17.8/ex17_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..93aaf8c18 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH17/EX17.8/ex17_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Tf=24600;//temperature in kelvin
+m=9.11e-31;//mass of electron
+k=1.38e-23;//boltzmann constant
+Vf=sqrt(2*k*Tf/m);//fermi velocity
+disp('m/s',Vf,'fermi velocity is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH17/EX17.9/ex17_9.sce b/3020/CH17/EX17.9/ex17_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5f7ccb215 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH17/EX17.9/ex17_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+h=6.626e-34;//planck's constant
+m=9.1e-31;//mass of electron
+n=18.1e28;//electron density of aluminium
+Efo=(h*h/(2*m))*((3*n/(8*%pi))^(2/3));//fermi energy at 0K
+Efo1=Efo/(1.6e-19);//conversion into eV from J
+disp('eV',Efo1,'fermi energy at 0 K');
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.1/ex18_1.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.1/ex18_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..076fe5a2a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.1/ex18_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+T=300;//temperature in kelvin
+ue=0.4;//electon mobility in m^2/V*s
+uh=0.2;//hole mobility in m^2/V*s
+k=1.38e-23;//boltzman constant
+h=6.626e-34;//planks constant
+m0=9.1e-31;
+e = 1.6e-19; // Charge of an electron
+Eg=0.7;
+mh=0.37*m0;
+me=0.55*m0;
+r = ((2*%pi*k*T)/(h^2))^1.5;// Temporary variable
+s = exp((-Eg*e)/(k*T));// Temporary variable
+ni=2*((me*mh)^(3/4))*r*s
+disp('m^-3',ni,'the intrinsic consentration is:')
+rho = ni*e*(ue+uh);// Intrinsic Conductivity
+disp('1/(ohm.meter)',rho,'The intrinsic conductivity is')
+p = 1/rho; // Intrinsic resistivity
+disp('Ohm.meter',p,'The intrinsic resistivity is')
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.10/ex18_10.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.10/ex18_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9e0a33863 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.10/ex18_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+uh = 0.013; // Hole mobility in square meters per volt per second
+ue = 0.48; // Electron mobility in square meters per volt per second
+m0=9.1e-31;//mass of electron
+h=6.626e-34;//plank constant
+k=1.38e-23;//boltzmann's constant
+Eg=1.1;//bandgap energy in eV
+e=1.6e-19;//charge of electron
+T=300;//temperature in K
+ni=2*((2*%pi*m0*k*T/(h^2))^1.5)*exp((-Eg*e)/(2*k*T))
+disp('m^-3',ni,'intrinsic concentration is:')
+rhoi = ni*e*(ue+uh);//Electrical conductivity of silicon
+disp('ohm^-1.m^-1',rhoi,'Electrical conductivity of silicon is')
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.11/ex18_11.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.11/ex18_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..be9ac5cd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.11/ex18_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Eg=1.12;//bandgap in eV
+mo=9.1e-31;//mass of electron
+me=0.12*mo;//effective mass of electron
+mh=0.28*mo;//effective mass of hole
+k=1.38e-23;//boltzman constant
+T=300;//temperature in K
+Ef=(Eg/2)+(3*k*T/4)*log(mh/me);//fermi level at 300K
+disp('eV',Ef,'fermi level at 300K is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.12/ex18_12.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.12/ex18_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b84f5209c --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.12/ex18_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Eg=1;//bandgap in eV
+//let me/mh=x
+x=4;//given me/mh value
+k=1.38e-23;//boltzman constant
+//formula is Ef=(Eg/2)+(3*k*T/4)*log(mh/me) fermi level
+//and Ef=Ev+0.5eV so..
+//(Ev+0.5)*1.6e-19=(Ec+Ev)/2
+//at temperature T , (Ev+0.5)*1.6e-19=((3*k*T)/4)*logx
+//so.. 1.6e-19=(3*k*T)/log(x)
+//so.. T=4*1.6e-19/(3*k*log(x))
+T=(4*0.16e-19)/(3*k*log10(x));//temperature at which fermi level is shifted to 10%
+disp('K',T,'temperature at which fermi level is shifted to 10% is:')
+// Wrong answer printed in textbook... checked in calculator also
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.13/ex18_13.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.13/ex18_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..73f185985 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.13/ex18_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+ue=0.39;//electon mobility in m^2/V*s
+uh=0.19;//hole mobility in m^2/V*s
+ni=2.4e19;//intrisic carrier concentration in m^-3
+e=1.6e-19;//charge of electron
+sigma=ni*e*(ue+uh);//conductivity of germanium
+disp('W^-1*m^-1',sigma,'conductivity of germanium is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.14/ex18_14.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.14/ex18_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..124b32036 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.14/ex18_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Eg=0.3;//fermi level in eV
+//Ni300=Nc*exp(Ec-Ef300/k*T) so..
+//Ni300=Nc*exp(-Eg*1.6e-19/k*T)
+//and //Ni330=Nc*exp(-(Ec-Ef300)/k*T) so..
+//exp(Ec-Ef300/k*T)=exp(-(Ec-Ef300)/k*T) so..
+//let Ec-Ef300=x
+x=Eg*330/300;//fermi energy lies at
+disp('eV',x,'fermi energy lies at:')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.15/ex18_17.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.15/ex18_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f2aa9e4d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.15/ex18_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Rh=-0.55e-10;//hall coefficient of Cu in m^3/(A*s)
+sigma=5.9e7;//conductivity of Cu in ohm^-1*m^-1
+dm=-Rh*sigma;//drift mobility
+disp('m^2/(V^-1*s^-1)',dm,'drift mobility')
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.16/ex18_16.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.16/ex18_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0746fec9b --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.16/ex18_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+T=300;//temperature in kelvin
+k=1.38e-23;//boltzman constant
+h=6.626e-34;//planks constant
+e = 1.6e-19; // Charge of an electron
+Eg=1.1;
+mo =9.1e-31; // mass of electron
+me=0.31; // Effective mass of electron
+r = ((2*%pi*k*T*me*mo)/(h^2))^1.5;// Temporary variable
+s = exp((-Eg*e)/(2*k*T));// Temporary variable
+ni=2*r*s
+disp('m^-3',ni,'the intrinsic concentration is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.17/ex18_17.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.17/ex18_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f2aa9e4d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.17/ex18_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Rh=-0.55e-10;//hall coefficient of Cu in m^3/(A*s)
+sigma=5.9e7;//conductivity of Cu in ohm^-1*m^-1
+dm=-Rh*sigma;//drift mobility
+disp('m^2/(V^-1*s^-1)',dm,'drift mobility')
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.18/ex18_18.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.18/ex18_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5dfadda40 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.18/ex18_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+e=1.6e-19;//charge of electron
+u=3.2e-3;//
+sigma=5.9e7;//conductivity
+ni=sigma/(u*e);//concentration of conduction electron in Cu
+disp('m^-3',ni,'concentration of conduction electron in Cu is:');
+N=6.022e23;//Avogadro's constant
+de=8900;//density
+m=63.5;//atomic mass of Cu
+ne=1e3;//no of free electrons per atom
+n=N*de*ne/m;//concentration of free electrons per Cu atom
+disp('electrons per m^3',n,'concentration of free electrons per Cu atom is:')
+avg=ni/n;//average no of electrons contributed per Cu atom
+disp('',avg,'average no of electrons contributed per Cu atom');
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.19/ex18_19.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.19/ex18_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..49f0808c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.19/ex18_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+i=5e-3;//current flowing through specimen in Amp
+V=1.35;//voltage across specimen
+l=1e-2;//lenth of the sample
+b=5e-3;//breadth of the sample
+t=1e-3;//thickness of the sample
+a=5e-6;//area of the sample
+vy=20e-3;//hall voltage
+H=0.45;//magnetic field
+R=V/i;//resistance
+rho=R*a/l;//resistivity
+Ey=vy/t;//hall effect
+J=i/a;//current density
+ne=H*J/Ey;
+Rh=3*%pi/(ne*8);//hall coefficient
+disp('m^3/C',Rh,'hall coefficient is:');
+u=Rh/rho;//mobility of Ge sample
+disp('m^2/V*s',u,'mobility of Ge sample is:')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.2/ex18_2.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.2/ex18_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e04e4d66a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.2/ex18_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Nd=1e16;//donar concentration in cm^-3
+ni=1.45e10;//intrinsic carrier concentration
+T=300;//temperature in kelvin
+k=1.38e-23;//boltzmann constant
+//let Efd-Efi=x
+x=k*T*log(Nd/ni);//fermi energy with respect to Ef in J
+E=x/(1.6e-19);//covertion from J to eV
+disp('eV',E,'fermi energy with respect to Ef')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.20/ex18_20.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.20/ex18_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2b868511a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.20/ex18_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+I=200;//current in Amp
+H=1.5;//applied megnetic field in Wb/m^2
+n=8.4e28;//no of electrons per unit volume in electron/m^3
+d=1e-3;//thickness of the strip in m
+e=1.6e-19;//charge of electron
+Vy=I*H/(n*e*d);//hall potential
+disp('Volt',Vy,'hall potential is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.21/ex18_21.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.21/ex18_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2ac0ccd8a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.21/ex18_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Rh=3.66e-4;//hall coefficient of specimen
+rho=8.93e-3;//resistivity of specimen
+e=1.6e-19;//charge of electron
+nh=1/(Rh*e);//carrier concentration
+disp('m^-3',nh,'carrier concentration is');
+u=Rh/rho;//mobility of specimen
+disp('m^2/(V*s)',u,'mobility of specimen')
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.22/ex18_22.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.22/ex18_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..38a90e4b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.22/ex18_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Rh=3.66e-11;//hall coefficient in m^3/(A*s)
+sigma=112e7;//conductivity in ohm^-1* m^-1
+e=1.6e-19;
+n=3*%pi/(8*Rh*e);//concentration of electron in m^-3
+disp('m^-3',n,'concentration of electron:')
+ue=sigma/(n*e);//elctron mobility at room temperature
+disp('m^2/(V*s)',ue,'elctron mobility at room temperature is:');
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.23/ex18_23.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.23/ex18_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..67db00200 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.23/ex18_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+I=50;//current in amp
+B=1.5;//megnetic field in Tesla
+t=0.5e-2;//thickness of the slab
+d=2e-2;//width of the slab
+N=8.4e28;//concentration of electrons
+e=1.6e-19;//charge of electron
+Vh=B*I/(N*e*d);//hall voltage applied
+disp('Volt',Vh,'hall voltage applied is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.3/ex18_3.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.3/ex18_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f9a7cc7c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.3/ex18_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+ue=0.39;//electon mobility in m^2/V*s
+uh=0.19;//hole mobility in m^2/V*s
+ni=2.5e19;//intrisic carrier concentration in m^-3
+l=1e-2;//length in meter
+w=1e-3;//width of germanium
+t=1e-3;//thickness of germanium
+A=w*t;//area of germanium
+e=1.6e-19;
+sigma=ni*e*(ue+uh);//conductivity of germanium
+R=l/(sigma*A);//resistance of germanium
+disp('ohm',R,'resistance of germanium is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.4/ex18_4.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.4/ex18_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f2e03ea0e --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.4/ex18_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+ue=0.13;//electon mobility in m^2/V*s
+uh=0.05;//hole mobility in m^2/V*s
+ni=1.5e16;//intrisic carrier concentration in m^-3
+e=1.6e-19;//charge of electron
+sigma=ni*e*(ue+uh);//conductivity of germanium
+disp('ohm^-1 m^-1',sigma,'conductivity of semiconductor is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.5/ex18_5.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.5/ex18_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..63cec24c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.5/ex18_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+ue=3900;//electon mobility in cm^2/V*s
+uh=1900;//hole mobility in cm^2/V*s
+ni=2.15e13;//intrisic carrier concentration in cm^-3
+e=1.6e-19;//charge of electron
+sigma=ni*e*(ue+uh);//conductivity of germanium
+disp('ohm^-1 cm^-1',sigma,'conductivity of semiconductor is:')
+rho=1/sigma;
+disp('ohm cm',rho,'ressistivity of semiconductor is')
+//Slight variation in answer than book.. there is mistake in book.. checked in calculator also..
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.6/ex18_6.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.6/ex18_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a65758400 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.6/ex18_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+ue=0.4;//electon mobility in m^2/V*s
+uh=0.2;//hole mobility in m^2/V*s
+ni=2.1e19;//intrisic carrier concentration in m^-3
+e=1.6e-19;//charge of electron
+p=4.5e23;//density of hole
+sigma=ni*e*(ue+uh);//conductivity of boron
+disp('ohm^-1 m^-1',sigma,'conductivity of semiconductor is:')
+sigma1=p*e*uh;
+disp('ohm^-1 m^-1',sigma1,'conductivity of boron dopped semiconductor is:')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.7/ex18_7.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.7/ex18_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f2581b9c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.7/ex18_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;
+clear all;1
+//case
+ue=1.35;//electon mobility in m^2/V*s
+uh=0.45;//hole mobility in m^2/V*s
+ni=1.45e13;//intrisic carrier concentration in m^-3
+e=1.6e-19;
+A=1e-4;
+l=1e-2;
+sigma=ni*e*(ue+uh)//conductivity of Si crystal
+R=l/(sigma*A);//resistance of Si crystal
+disp('ohm',R,'resistance of Si crystal is:')
+//case 2
+Nsi=5e28;
+Nd=Nsi/1e9;
+p=ni^2/Nd;//concentration of hole;
+sigma1=Nd*e*ue;//conductivity
+Re=l/(sigma1*A);//resistance
+disp('ohm',,Re,'resistance is:')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.8/ex18_8.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.8/ex18_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fc2a9f655 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.8/ex18_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+T=300;//temperature in kelvin
+rho=2.12;//resistivity in ohm*m
+ue=0.36;//mobility of electron in m^2/(V*s)
+uh=0.17;//mobility of hole in m^2/(V*s)
+Kb=1.38e-23;//boltzman constant
+e = 1.6e-19;
+sigma=1/rho;//conductivity of Ge
+ni=sigma/(e*(ue+uh));//intrinsic concentration
+disp('',ni,'intrinsic concentration is:')
+mo=9.1e-31;//mass of electron
+me=0.5*mo;
+mh=0.37*mo;
+h=6.626e-34;//plank constant
+x=(2*%pi*Kb*T*me/(h*h))^(3/2);//temporary variable
+Nc=2*x;
+Nv=2*(2*%pi*Kb*T/(h*h))^(3/2)*(mh)^(3/2);
+Eg=2*Kb*T*log((Nc*Nv)^0.5/ni);
+Eg1=Eg/(1.6e-19);
+disp('eV',Eg1,'bandgap of Ge is:')
+
+
diff --git a/3020/CH18/EX18.9/ex18_9.sce b/3020/CH18/EX18.9/ex18_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bb0919eff --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH18/EX18.9/ex18_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+m0=9.1e-31;//mass of electron
+h=6.626e-34;//plank constant
+k=1.38e-23;//boltzman constant
+Eg=0.7;//bandgap energy in eV
+e=1.6e-19;//charge of electron
+T=300;//temperature in K
+ni=2*((2*%pi*m0*k*T/(h^2))^1.5)*exp((-Eg*e)/(2*k*T))
+disp('m^-3',ni,'intrinsic concentration is:')
+// slight variation in answer as compared to textbook... checked in calculator
diff --git a/3020/CH19/EX19.2/ex19_2.sce b/3020/CH19/EX19.2/ex19_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..095325f65 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH19/EX19.2/ex19_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Tc=3.7;//temperature in Kelvin
+H0=0.0306;//critical field at Tc
+T=2;//given temperature
+Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)^2);//critical field at T=2K
+disp('T',Hc,'critical field at 2K is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH19/EX19.3/ex19_3.sce b/3020/CH19/EX19.3/ex19_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..926f0ecbe --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH19/EX19.3/ex19_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Tc=7.18;//temperature in Kelvin
+H0=6.4*1e4;//critical field in A/m
+d=1e-3;//diameter of wire
+r=d/2;//radius of wire
+T=4.2;//given temperature
+Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)^2);//critical field at T=4.2K
+disp('A/m',Hc,'critical field at 4.2K is:')
+Ic=2*%pi*r*Hc;//critical current through wire of lead
+disp('Amp',Ic,'critical current through wire of lead is:')
+//there is slight variation in the answer.. checked in calculator also.. there is mistake of book..
diff --git a/3020/CH19/EX19.4/ex19_4.sce b/3020/CH19/EX19.4/ex19_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..de8df2bb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH19/EX19.4/ex19_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Tc1=4.185;//critical temperature of metal
+Tc2=4.133;//decreased critical temperature
+M1=199.5;//isotropic mass of metal
+//Tc2=Tc1*(M1/M2)^0.5 so..
+M2=M1*(Tc1/Tc2)^2;//isotropic mass when Tc2=4.133K
+disp('',M2,'isotropic mass when Tc2=4.133K is');
+//in the book the question is different and solution is somewhat different.. so.. slight variation in the answer.. checked in calculator also..
+
diff --git a/3020/CH2/EX2.1/ex2_1.sce b/3020/CH2/EX2.1/ex2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..04e5004a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH2/EX2.1/ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+n = 8.9e-4; // Co-efficient of viscosity of water in newton second per square meter
+a = 0.054e-2; // Radius of capillary tube in meters
+l = 56e-2; // Length of the capillary tube in meters
+h = 34e-2; // Height of pressure head in meters
+t = 300; // Time of flow in seconds
+g = 9.8; // Gravity Constant
+rho = 1e3; // Density of water in Kg per meter cube
+V = (%pi*h*g*rho*t*(a^4)/(8*n*l));
+mass = V*rho;//mass
+mass1=mass*1e3;//conversion to gm from Kg
+disp('g',mass1,'The mass of water flowing in 5 minutes')
+//there is variation in the answer than book.. there is mistake in book.. checked in calculator also..
diff --git a/3020/CH2/EX2.2/ex2_2.sce b/3020/CH2/EX2.2/ex2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5f69f90bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH2/EX2.2/ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all
+tw = 6; // Time taken by water in seconds
+ta = 3.6; // Time taken by alcohol in seconds
+rhow= 1e3; // Density of water in Kg per meter cube
+rhoa = 800; // Density of alcohol in Kg per cubic meter
+n1 = 8.9e-4; // Viscosity of water in Newton second per meter square
+n2 = (ta/tw)*(rhoa/rhow)*n1;//The viscosity of alcohol
+disp('N.s/m^2',n2,'The viscosity of alcohol is')
diff --git a/3020/CH2/EX2.3/ex2_3.sce b/3020/CH2/EX2.3/ex2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..930480a60 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH2/EX2.3/ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+sigma = 1.26e-3; // Density of medium in Kg per cube meter
+n = 2e-5; // Viscosity of the medium in Ns/m^2
+r = 0.2e-2; // Radius of the body in meters
+rho = 8e-3; // Density of the body in Kg/m^3
+g = 9.8;// Gravitational constant
+v = (2*r^2*(rho-sigma)*g)/(9*n);
+disp('m/s',v,'The terminal velocity of the spherical body is ')
+// // there is slight Variation in answer.In textbook there is mistake in book..checked in calculator also...
+
diff --git a/3020/CH20/EX20.1/ex20_1.sce b/3020/CH20/EX20.1/ex20_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c29437d99 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH20/EX20.1/ex20_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+M=2300;//magnetization in A/m
+B=0.00314;//flux density in Wb/m^2
+u0=4*%pi*1e-7;//permiability of vacume
+H=(B/u0)-M;//magnetic force
+ur=(M/H)+1;//relative permiability
+disp('A/m',H,'magnetic force is:')
+disp('',ur,'relative permiability is:')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH20/EX20.10/ex20_10.sce b/3020/CH20/EX20.10/ex20_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1c53c0a0c --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH20/EX20.10/ex20_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+rho=8900;//density of Ni
+m=58.71;//atomic weight of Ni
+Na=6.022e26;//avagadra's number
+u0=4*%pi*1e-7;//permiability of vacume
+N=rho*Na/m;//no of atoms per unit volume
+disp('atoms/m^3',N,'no of atoms per unit volume is:')
+um=9.27e-24;
+x=0.6*um;//bohr megneton per atom
+y=N*x;//magnetic moment per 1 gm atom
+disp('A/m^2',y,'magnetic moment per 1 gm atom is:')
+Bs=u0*y;//saturation magnetisation
+disp('Wb/m^2',Bs,'saturation magnetisation is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH20/EX20.11/ex20_11.sce b/3020/CH20/EX20.11/ex20_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2cb6a02ff --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH20/EX20.11/ex20_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+rho=7860;//density of gadolinium
+m=157.25;//atomic weight of gadolinium
+n=64;//atomic number
+Na=6.022e26;//avagadra's number
+u0=4*%pi*1e-7;//permiability of vacume
+b=9.27e-24;
+N=rho*Na*8*b/m;//saturation magnetization
+disp('A/m',N,'saturation magnetization is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH20/EX20.2/ex20_2.sce b/3020/CH20/EX20.2/ex20_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ef6b60b96 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH20/EX20.2/ex20_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+H=1E4;//magnetic field intensity in A/m
+X=3.7E-3;//susceptibility
+u0 = 4e-7*%pi;
+M=X*H;//magnetization in A/m
+B=u0*(M+H);//flux density in Wb/m^2;
+disp('A/m',M,'magnetization is:')
+disp('Wb/m^2',B,'flux density is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH20/EX20.3/ex20_3.sce b/3020/CH20/EX20.3/ex20_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..42a59986f --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH20/EX20.3/ex20_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+H=1E6;//magnetic field intensity in A/m
+X=-0.8e-5;//susceptibility
+u0 = 4e-7*%pi;
+M=X*H;//magnetization in A/m
+B=u0*(M+H);//flux density in Wb/m^2;
+disp('A/m',M,'magnetization is:')
+disp('Wb/m^2',B,'flux density is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH20/EX20.4/ex20_4.sce b/3020/CH20/EX20.4/ex20_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..714bbcb55 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH20/EX20.4/ex20_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+H=1800;//magnetizing field intensity in A/m
+phy=3e-5;//magnetic flux in Wb
+A=0.2e-4;//cross section area
+B=phy/A;//flux density
+u=B/H;//permiability
+disp('Wb/m^2',B,'flux density is')
+disp('H/m',u,'permiability is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH20/EX20.5/ex20_5.sce b/3020/CH20/EX20.5/ex20_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..feb156e65 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH20/EX20.5/ex20_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+B=0.65//magnetic flux in Wb/m^2
+rho=8906;//density of nickel
+m=58.7;//atomic weight
+Na=6.023e26;//avagadra's number
+u0=4*%pi*1e-7;//permiability of vacume
+N=rho*Na/m;//no of atoms per unit volume
+disp('atoms/m^3',N,'no of atoms per unit volume is:')
+um=B/(N*u0);//magnetization produced per atom
+disp('A/m^2',um,'magnetization produced per atom is:')
+Um=um/9.27e-24;//coversion of unit
+disp('Bohr megneton',Um,'magnetization produced per atom is:')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH20/EX20.6/ex20_6.sce b/3020/CH20/EX20.6/ex20_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2aaa7f90e --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH20/EX20.6/ex20_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+a=2.5e-10;//interatomic spacing in m
+M=1.8e6;//magnetisation in A/m
+x=2;//no of atoms per unit cell
+N=x/(a^3);//no of atoms per unit volume
+disp('m^-3',N,'no of atoms per unit volume is:')
+um=M/N;//magnetisation produced per atom
+disp('A*m^2',um,'magnetisation produced per atom is:')
+e=1.6e-19;
+h=6.626e-34;
+m=9.1e-31;
+b=e*h/(4*%pi*m);
+Um=um/b;//conversion of unit
+disp('Bohr megneton',Um,'magnetisation produced per atom is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH20/EX20.7/ex20_7.sce b/3020/CH20/EX20.7/ex20_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..943e68ed6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH20/EX20.7/ex20_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+k=1.38e-23;//boltzman constant
+u=9.4e-24;
+H=2;//megnetic field in Wb/m^2
+T=2*u*H/(log(2)*k);//temperature of the system
+disp('K',T,'temperature of the system is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH20/EX20.8/ex20_8.sce b/3020/CH20/EX20.8/ex20_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1258dc361 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH20/EX20.8/ex20_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+rho=7.8e3;//density of Gd
+m=1.8e6;//atomic weight of Gd
+M=157.26;//atomic no of Gd
+Na=6.023e26;//avagadra's number
+u0=4*%pi*1e-7;//permiability of vacume
+N=rho*Na/M;//no of atoms per unit volume
+disp('atoms/m^3',N,'no of atoms per unit volume is:')
+um=9.27e-24;
+x=7.1*um;//bohr megneton per atom
+y=N*x;//magnetic moment per 1 gm atom
+disp('A/m^2',y,'magnetic moment per 1 gm atom is:')
+Bs=N*u0*um;//saturation magnetisation
+disp('Wb/m^2',Bs,'saturation magnetisation is:')
+// Wrong answer printed in textbook... Checked in textbook
diff --git a/3020/CH20/EX20.9/ex20_9.sce b/3020/CH20/EX20.9/ex20_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..21df149d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH20/EX20.9/ex20_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+l=0.839e-9;//cell edge length
+b=9.27e-24;
+Ms=32*b/(l^3);//saturation magnetisation
+disp('A/m',Ms,'saturation magnetisation is:')
+// Wrong answer printed in textbook... checked in calculator
diff --git a/3020/CH21/EX21.1/ex21_1.sce b/3020/CH21/EX21.1/ex21_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6dd23b579 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH21/EX21.1/ex21_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Lt=0.629e-9;//lettice parameter of KCL
+xk=1.264*1e-40;//electronic polarisability of K+ in F m^2
+xcl=3.408*1e-40;//electronic polarisability of Cl- in F m^2
+xKCL=xk+xcl;//electronic polarisability of KCl in F m^2
+n=4;//no of atoms
+N=n/(Lt^3);//no of dipoles per m^3
+e0=8.854e-12;
+er=(N*xKCL/e0)+1;//dielectric constant of KCL
+disp('',er,'dielectric constant of KCL is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH21/EX21.10/ex21_10.sce b/3020/CH21/EX21.10/ex21_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..24d0eb30b --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH21/EX21.10/ex21_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+er=1.0024;//relative permittivity
+N=2.7e25;//no of atoms
+e0=8.85e-12;//permittivity of vacume
+xe=e0*(er-1)/N;//polarisability of argon atom
+disp('F m^2',xe,'polarisability of argon atom is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH21/EX21.11/ex21_11.sce b/3020/CH21/EX21.11/ex21_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8c8006349 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH21/EX21.11/ex21_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+er=1.0000684;//dielectric constant of He gas at NTP
+N=2.7e25;//no of atoms
+e0=8.85e-12;//permittivity of vacume
+xe=e0*(er-1)/N;//polarisability of He atom
+disp('F m^2',xe,'polarisability of He atom is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH21/EX21.12/ex21_12.sce b/3020/CH21/EX21.12/ex21_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8fdf66223 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH21/EX21.12/ex21_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+er=12;//relative dielectric constant of material
+N=5e28;//no of atoms
+e0=8.85e-12;//permittivity of vacume
+xe=e0*(er-1)/N;//polarisability of element
+disp('F m^2',xe,'polarisability of element is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH21/EX21.13/ex21_13.sce b/3020/CH21/EX21.13/ex21_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1b834cec1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH21/EX21.13/ex21_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+C=2e-6;//capacitance of plate condensor
+V=1000;//applied voltage
+er=100;//the dielectric permittivity
+E=C*V^2/2;//energy stored in capacitor
+C0=C/er;
+Ewd=C0*V^2/2;//energy stored without the dielectric
+Ed=E-Ewd;//energy stored in the dielectric
+disp('J',Ed,'energy stored in the dielectric:')
diff --git a/3020/CH21/EX21.2/ex21_2.sce b/3020/CH21/EX21.2/ex21_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..49339f40a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH21/EX21.2/ex21_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+r=0.12e-9;//atomic radius of Se
+e0=8.854e-12;
+x=4*%pi*e0*(r^3);//the electronic polarisability of Se
+disp('F m^2',x,'the electronic polarisability of Se is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH21/EX21.3/ex21_3.sce b/3020/CH21/EX21.3/ex21_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e5d98da59 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH21/EX21.3/ex21_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+clc;
+clear all;
+er=4.94;//relative permittivity
+n2=2.69;//square of refractive index
+//let x=Xi/Xe
+a=(er-1)*(n2+2);//temporary variable
+b=(er+2)*(n2-1);//temporary variable
+x=(a/b)-1;//ratio of the electronic to ionic polarisability
+disp('',1/x,'ratio of the electronic to ionic polarisability Xe/Xi is')
diff --git a/3020/CH21/EX21.4/ex21_4.sce b/3020/CH21/EX21.4/ex21_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a96f72f96 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH21/EX21.4/ex21_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+xe=0.35e-40;//electronic polarisability in F m^2
+N=2.7e25;//no of atoms
+e0=8.854e-12;
+//x=N*xe/(3*e0)
+//er=1+2x/(1-x)
+x=N*xe/(3*e0);//temporary variable
+er=(1+2*x)/(1-x);//dielectric constant of Ne gas
+disp('',er,'dielectric constant of Ne gas is:')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH21/EX21.5/ex21_5.sce b/3020/CH21/EX21.5/ex21_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4d2d310a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH21/EX21.5/ex21_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+A=5e-4;//area of capacitor plate
+d=1.5e-3;//distance between the plates
+er=6;//relative permittivity of the dielectric
+V=100;//applied voltage
+e0=8.85e-12;//permittivity of vacume
+// capacitance C=e0*er*A/d and Q=C*V SO..
+Q=e0*er*A*V/d;//charge on capacitor
+disp('C',Q,'charge on capacitor is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH21/EX21.6/ex21_6.sce b/3020/CH21/EX21.6/ex21_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b06e18926 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH21/EX21.6/ex21_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+N = 2.7e25;//no of atoms
+e0 = 8.854e-12;//permittivity of vacume
+r = 0.384e-9;//radius of Ar atom
+xe = 4*%pi*e0*(r^3);//electronic polarisability of Ar
+x = (N*xe)/(3*e0);//temporary variable
+er = (1+2*x)/(1-x);//dielectric constant of Ar atom
+disp('',er,'dielectric constant of Ar atom is:')
+//Wrong answer printed in textbook... Checked in calculator
diff --git a/3020/CH21/EX21.7/ex21_7.sce b/3020/CH21/EX21.7/ex21_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f743ac681 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH21/EX21.7/ex21_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+er=80;//relative permittivity
+C=2e-6;//the capacitance
+V=1000;//applied voltage
+E1=C*V^2/2;//energy stored in the capacitor
+C0=C/er;//capacitance of the capacitor when the dielectric is removed
+E2=C0*V^2/2;//energy stored in capacitor with vacume as dielectric
+c=E1-E2;//'energy stored in polarissing the capacitor
+disp('J',E1,'energy stored in the capacitor')
+disp('J',c,'energy stored in polarissing the capacitor:')
diff --git a/3020/CH21/EX21.8/ex21_8.sce b/3020/CH21/EX21.8/ex21_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fc4f5a2f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH21/EX21.8/ex21_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+e0=8.854e-12; //permittivity of vacume
+N=5e28; //no of atoms present per m^3 N
+xe=2e-40; //polarisability
+//P=N*xe*Ei and Ei=E+(P/(3*e0)) so..
+//Ei=E+(N*xe*Ei/(3*e0)) so...
+//Ei/E=1/(1-(N*xe/(3*e0))) so..lets take rt=Ei/E
+m=(N*xe)/(3*e0)
+rt=1/(1-m);//ratio of internal field to applied field
+disp('',rt,'ratio of internal field to applied field is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH21/EX21.9/ex21_9.sce b/3020/CH21/EX21.9/ex21_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..045466567 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH21/EX21.9/ex21_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+E=1000;//applied electrical field
+P=4.3E-8;//polarisation
+e0=8.854e-12;//permittivity of vacume
+er=1+(P/(E*e0));//relative permittivity of NACl
+disp('',er,'relative permittivity of NACl is:')
diff --git a/3020/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce b/3020/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2619b6a6f --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+I1 = 0.1;// Intensity of sound produced in Watts per square meters
+I0 = 1e-12; // standard intensity level
+b = 10*log10(I1/I0);//The sound intensity produced by thunder
+disp('dB',b,'The sound intensity produced by thunder is')
diff --git a/3020/CH4/EX4.10/ex4_10.sce b/3020/CH4/EX4.10/ex4_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..83f86efc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH4/EX4.10/ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+V = 12000; // Volume of the room in cubic meters
+T = 1.5; // Reverberation time in seconds
+a = 0.4; // Absorption coefficient of interior surface in sabine per square meter
+s = (0.163*V)/(a*T);//The total surface area
+disp('m^2',s,'The total surface area is')
+// Wrong answer printed in textbook..checked in calculator also..
diff --git a/3020/CH4/EX4.11/ex4_11.sce b/3020/CH4/EX4.11/ex4_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0e5a7c247 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH4/EX4.11/ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+V = 1500; // Volume of the room in cubic meters
+a1 = 0.8; // Absorption coefficient of ceiling in sabine per square meter
+s1 = 140; // Area of ceiling in square meters
+a2 = 0.03; // Absorption coefficient of walls in sabine per square meter
+s2 = 260; // Area of walls in square meters
+a3 = 0.06; // Absorption coefficient of floor in sabine per square meter
+s3 = 140; // Area of floor in square meters
+T = (0.163*V)/((a1*s1)+(a2*s2)+(a3*s3));
+a = (0.163*V)/((s1+s2+s3)*T);
+disp('s',T,'The reverberation time is')
+disp('Sabine',a,'The average absorption coefficent is')
+// Wrong answer printed for reverberation time in textbook..checked in calculator also..
diff --git a/3020/CH4/EX4.12/ex4_12.sce b/3020/CH4/EX4.12/ex4_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e35efed82 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH4/EX4.12/ex4_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+s = 1.4; // Area of window in square meters
+b = 60; // Intensity level of window in Db
+I0 = 1e-12; // Standard intensity in watts per square meters
+//60=10log10(I1/1e-12);
+//so..
+I1=I0*1e6;// Intensity of sound in watts per square meters
+p = I1*s;//The acoustic power entering via window
+disp('watts',p,'The acoustic power entering via window is')
diff --git a/3020/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce b/3020/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..71995397a --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+V = 1000; // Volume of hall in cubic meter
+s = 400; // Surface area of hall in square meters
+a = 0.2; // Average absorption coefficient of hall in sabine
+T = (0.163*V)/(a*s);//'Reverberation time of hall
+disp('s',T,'Reverberation time of hall is')
+// there is slight variation in the answer.. there is mistake in the book.. checked in calculator also..
diff --git a/3020/CH4/EX4.2/ex4_2.sce b/3020/CH4/EX4.2/ex4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..21660e933 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH4/EX4.2/ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+I1 = 100;// Intensity of sound produced by turbine in Watts per square meters
+I0 = 1e-12; // standard intensity
+b = 10*log10(I1/I0);//The relative intensity of a turbine
+disp('dB',b,'The relative intensity of a turbine is')
diff --git a/3020/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce b/3020/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eee93b590 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Ir = 2; // Intensity ratio
+b = 10*log10(Ir); // Relative intensity
+disp('dB',b,'The increase in sound intensity level is')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH4/EX4.4/ex4_4.sce b/3020/CH4/EX4.4/ex4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..251370840 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH4/EX4.4/ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+Q = 1.5; // Power radiated by louspeaker in Joule per second
+r = 20; // Radius in meters
+I0 = 1e-12; // Standard intensity level in Watts per square meters
+I2 = (Q/(4*%pi*r^2)); // Intensity of the sound produced ny loudspeaker
+b = 10*log10(I2/I0);//The intensity level of sound produced by loudspeaker
+disp('dB',b,'The intensity level of sound produced by loudspeaker is ')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH4/EX4.5/ex4_5.sce b/3020/CH4/EX4.5/ex4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..69c873ef9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH4/EX4.5/ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+I0 = 1e-12; // Standard intensity Watts per square meter\
+//PART1
+I1 = (10e-12)*(10^8)// Intensity of sound produced by the electric generator in Watts per square meter
+disp('W/m^2',I1,'Intensity of sound generated by electric motor is')
+b1 = 80;// Intensity level of sound produced by the electric generator in dB
+b2 = 70; // Intensity level of room
+I2 = 1e-5; // Intensity of sound of existing room Watts per square meter
+b = (10*log10((I1+I2)/I0))-10;;
+disp('dB',b,'The resultant intensity level of sound is ')
diff --git a/3020/CH4/EX4.6/ex4_6.sce b/3020/CH4/EX4.6/ex4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..619a87783 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH4/EX4.6/ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+V = 1500; // Volume of the hall in cubic meters
+A1 = 80; // Absorption of the sound by the hall in sabine
+rt = (0.163*V)/(A1);//The reverberation time of the hall
+disp('s',rt,'The reverberation time of the hall is')
diff --git a/3020/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce b/3020/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3308c6bbc --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+V = 120000; // Volume of hall in cubic meters
+T = 1.5; // Reverberation time
+TSA = 25000; // Total absorbing surface area in square meters
+A = (0.163*V)/T
+TA = A/TSA;//The average absorbing power of the surface
+disp('Sabine',TA,'The average absorbing power of the surface is ')
+// Slight variation in answer compared to textbook.. there is mistake in book.. checked in calculator also..
diff --git a/3020/CH4/EX4.8/ex4_8.sce b/3020/CH4/EX4.8/ex4_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..20e95a700 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH4/EX4.8/ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+I2 = 100; // The sound intensity in watts per square meters
+I0 = 1e-12; // Standard intensity in watts per square meters
+b = 10*log10(I2/I0);//The sound intensity level of a jet plane
+disp('dB',b,'The sound intensity level of a jet plane is')
diff --git a/3020/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce b/3020/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..72aa5188f --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+clc;
+clear all;
+V = 12550; // Volume of hall in cubic meters
+T1 = 1.5 ; // Reverberation time in seconds
+A2 = 200; // Absorption coefficent of cushioned chair in sabine
+A1 = (0.163*V)/T1;
+T2= (0.163*V)/(A1+A2);
+disp('s',T2,'The new reverberation time of hall after adding cushioned chair is')
+//Slight variation in answer than textbook..there is mistake in book.. checked in calculator also..
diff --git a/3020/CH5/EX5.1/ex5_1.sce b/3020/CH5/EX5.1/ex5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8a263f8e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH5/EX5.1/ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+clc;
+clear all;
+t = 1e-3; // Thickness in meters
+r = 2654; // Density in Kg per cubic meters
+Y = 8e10; // Youngs modulus in Newton per square meter
+p=1;
+f = (p/(2*t))*sqrt(Y/r);//The fundamental frquency
+disp('Hz',f,'The fundamental frquency is ')
diff --git a/3020/CH5/EX5.2/ex5_2.sce b/3020/CH5/EX5.2/ex5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3612372a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH5/EX5.2/ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+clc;
+clear all;
+t = 0.5e-2; // Thickness in meters
+r = 2650; // Density in Kg per cubic meters
+p=1;//for fundamental vibration
+Y = 7.9e10; // Youngs modulus in Newton per square meter
+f = (p/(2*t))*sqrt(Y/r);//The fundamental frquency
+disp('Hz',f,'The fundalmental frquency is ')
diff --git a/3020/CH5/EX5.3/ex5_3.sce b/3020/CH5/EX5.3/ex5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..617b4e5eb --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH5/EX5.3/ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+clc;
+clear all;
+t = 0.7e-3; // Thickness in meters
+r = 2800; // Density in Kg per cubic meters
+p=1;//for fundamental frequency
+Y = 8.8e10; // Youngs modulus in Newton per square meter
+f = (p/(2*t))*sqrt(Y/r);//The fundamental frquency
+disp('Hz',f,'The fundamental frquency is ')
diff --git a/3020/CH5/EX5.4/ex5_4.sce b/3020/CH5/EX5.4/ex5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c22081ec0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH5/EX5.4/ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+t = 10e-2; // Thickness in meters
+r = 8.1e3; // Density in Kg per cubic meters
+Y = 8.2e11; // Youngs modulus in Newton per square meter
+f = (1/(2*t))*sqrt(Y/r);
+disp('Hz',f,'The frquency of produced ultrasonic waves by nickel is ')
diff --git a/3020/CH5/EX5.5/ex5_5.sce b/3020/CH5/EX5.5/ex5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1f8e17e32 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH5/EX5.5/ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+u = 5000; // Velocity of sound in steel in meters per second
+f = 50e3; // Difference between two adjacent frequency in Hertz
+d = u/(2*f);//Thickness of plate
+disp('m',d,'Thickness of plate is')
diff --git a/3020/CH5/EX5.6/ex5_6.sce b/3020/CH5/EX5.6/ex5_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0f79eac94 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH5/EX5.6/ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+f = 2.87e3; //Fundalmental frquency in Hz/m
+r = 2660; // Density in Kg per cubic meters
+Y = 4*f^2*r;//The Youngs modulus of he quartz cystal
+disp('N/m^2',Y,'The Youngs modulus of he quartz cystal is ')
+f1 = 1200e3; // Frequency of vibration in Hertz
+t = (1/(2*f1))*sqrt(Y/r);//The thickness of the crystal
+disp('m',t,'The thickness of the crystal is ')
diff --git a/3020/CH5/EX5.7/ex5_7.sce b/3020/CH5/EX5.7/ex5_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2bd077691 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH5/EX5.7/ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+f = 7e6; // Ultrasonic frquency in hertz
+theta = 45;
+v = 1.5; // Blood velocity in m/s
+U = 1500; // Ultrasonic velocity in m/s
+deltaf = (2*f*v*cosd(45))/U
+disp('Hz',deltaf,'The frequency of the doppler flowmeter is')
+//Variation in anser as compared to textbook..checked in calculator also.. there is mistake in the book..
diff --git a/3020/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.sce b/3020/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3895e7c40 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+t = 50; // Thickness of the metal in mm
+d = 1; // Hole diameter in mm
+ss = (d/t)*100;//The percentage sensitivity of the wire
+disp('%',ss,'The percentage sensitivity of the wire is')
diff --git a/3020/CH6/EX6.2/ex6_2.sce b/3020/CH6/EX6.2/ex6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..54ddf29a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH6/EX6.2/ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+I = 20e-3; // Tube current in Ampere
+L = 1; // Source to film distance in meters
+t = 60; // Exposure time in seconds
+EF =(I*t)/(L^2);//The exposure factor
+disp('',EF,'The exposure factor is')
diff --git a/3020/CH6/EX6.3/ex6_3.sce b/3020/CH6/EX6.3/ex6_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4d1a91c63 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH6/EX6.3/ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+RI = (1/20); // Reduction in intensity
+u = 1.62; // Linear absorption coefficent in per cm
+x = log(20)*1e-2/u;//The thickness of aluminuim
+disp('m',x,'The thickness of aluminuim is ')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH6/EX6.4/ex6_4.sce b/3020/CH6/EX6.4/ex6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e7c4cb4dc --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH6/EX6.4/ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+x = 2.5e-2; // Thickness of material in meters
+u = 2; // Linear absorption coefficient per cm
+dh = log(2)/2;//Half value thickness of the specimen
+disp('cm',dh,'Half value thickness of the specimen is')
diff --git a/3020/CH6/EX6.5/ex6_5.sce b/3020/CH6/EX6.5/ex6_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fa015d9ae --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH6/EX6.5/ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+EF = 0.35; //Exposure factor in curie hour
+SS = 5; // Percentage source strength
+ET = EF/SS;//The exposure time in hour
+disp('h',ET,'The exposure time is')
+et=ET*60;//The exposure time in min
+disp('min',et,'The exposure time is')
+
diff --git a/3020/CH6/EX6.6/ex6_6.sce b/3020/CH6/EX6.6/ex6_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5cf1c6e63 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH6/EX6.6/ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+fd = 20e-2; // The film focus distance
+se = 5e-2; // The displacement of the X-ray tube
+sd = 0.5e-2;
+t = 5e-2; // Thickness of the specimen
+d = (fd*sd)/(se);
+loc = se-d;//'The location of the flow from the top surface
+disp('m',loc,'The location of the flow from the top surface is')
+//there is mistake in book in the answer.. checked in calculator also..
diff --git a/3020/CH7/EX7.1/ex7_1.sce b/3020/CH7/EX7.1/ex7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..067d003c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH7/EX7.1/ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+lambda = 6000e-10; //Wavelength of light used in meters
+b = 1e-3; //Frindge width in meters
+theta = lambda/(2*b);//The exposure time
+disp('radian',theta,'The exposure time is')
+//Wrong answer printed in textbook... checked in calculator also..
diff --git a/3020/CH7/EX7.10/ex7_10.sce b/3020/CH7/EX7.10/ex7_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..57671a1b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH7/EX7.10/ex7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+lambda = 5206e-10; // Wavelength of ight in meters
+d = 0.02603e-3; // Distance moved
+n = (2*d)/lambda; // Condition for interference is
+disp(' ',n,'The number of fringes shifted across wire is')
diff --git a/3020/CH7/EX7.2/ex7_2.sce b/3020/CH7/EX7.2/ex7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..58e80541d --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH7/EX7.2/ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+theta = 40; // Angle of wedge in s
+b = 0.125e-2; // Fringe with in meters
+lambda = (2*b*theta*(%pi/180)*(1/3600));//The wavelength of light used
+lamda=lambda*1e10;//conversion in Angstrome
+disp('m',lambda,'The wavelength of light used is ')
+disp('Angstrom',lamda,'The wavelength of light used is ')
+//rounding off value of lambda in meter due to scilab..
diff --git a/3020/CH7/EX7.3/ex7_3.sce b/3020/CH7/EX7.3/ex7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..32d796c4e --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH7/EX7.3/ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+n = 125; // Number of fringes observed
+d = 0.04e-3; // Distance moved
+lambda = (2*d)/n; // Condition for interference
+lamda=lambda*1e10;//conversion in Angstrome
+disp('Angstrom',lamda,'The wavelength of light used is ')
+disp('m',lambda,'The wavelength of light used is')
+//rounding off value of lambda in meter due to scilab..
+
diff --git a/3020/CH7/EX7.4/ex7_4.sce b/3020/CH7/EX7.4/ex7_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a08a0966f --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH7/EX7.4/ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+n = 200; // Number of fringes observed
+d = 0.589e-3; // Distance moved
+lambda = (2*d)/n; // Condition for interference is
+disp('m',lambda,'The wavelength of light used is')
+lamda=lambda*1e10;//conversion in Angstrome
+disp('Angstrom',lamda,'The wavelength of light used is ')
+//rounding off value of lambda in meter due to scilab..
+//there is mistake in the answer of book.. checked in calculator also..
+
diff --git a/3020/CH7/EX7.5/ex7_5.sce b/3020/CH7/EX7.5/ex7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c5a6114c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH7/EX7.5/ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+n = 200; // Number of fringes observed
+d = 0.06e-3; // Distance moved
+lambda = (2*d)/n; // Condition for interference is
+disp('m',lambda,'The wavelength of light used is')
+lamda=lambda*1e10;//conversion in Angstrome
+disp('Angstrom',lamda,'The wavelength of light used is ')
diff --git a/3020/CH7/EX7.6/ex7_6.sce b/3020/CH7/EX7.6/ex7_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fc58cce70 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH7/EX7.6/ex7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+u = 1.5; // Refractive index of the plate
+d = 1.24e-3; // Distance between dark fringes of zero path difference
+t = d/(u-1);//'Thickness of glass plate
+disp('m',t,'Thickness of glass plate is')
diff --git a/3020/CH7/EX7.7/ex7_7.sce b/3020/CH7/EX7.7/ex7_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..581b4a9aa --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH7/EX7.7/ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+n = 1000; // Number of fringes observed
+d = 0.3165e-3; // Distance moved
+lambda = (2*d)/n; // Condition for interference is
+disp('m',lambda,'The wavelength of light used is')
+lamda=lambda*1e10;//conversion in Angstrome
+disp('Angstrom',lamda,'The wavelength of light used is ')
+//rounding off value of lambda in meter due to scilab..
diff --git a/3020/CH7/EX7.8/ex7_8.sce b/3020/CH7/EX7.8/ex7_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..390ab9adb --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH7/EX7.8/ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+lambda1 = 5890e-10; // Wavelength of D2 line in meters
+lambda2 = 5896e-10; // Wavelength of D1 line in meters
+delta = lambda2-lambda1;
+d = (lambda1*lambda2)/(2*delta);
+disp('m',d,'The two spectral lines of the sodium lines are resolved when d is')
diff --git a/3020/CH7/EX7.9/ex7_9.sce b/3020/CH7/EX7.9/ex7_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..662db2dd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH7/EX7.9/ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+b = 1.5e-3; // Mean fringe in meters
+lambda = 589.3e-9; // Wavelength of light in meters
+l = 4.5e-2; // Length of air wedge in meters
+t = (lambda*l)/(2*b);//The thickness of wire
+disp('m',t,'The thickness of wire is')
diff --git a/3020/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce b/3020/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9b53c6417 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+ue = 1.553; // Refractive index of extraordinary ray
+uo = 1.544; // Refractive index of the ordinary ray
+lambda = 6e-7; // Wavelength of light in meters
+t = lambda/(4*(ue-uo));
+disp('m',t,'The thickness of the quarter wave plate is')
diff --git a/3020/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce b/3020/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..baa08d3ad --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+ue = 1.553; // Refractive index of extraordinary ray
+uo = 1.544; // Refractive index of the ordinary ray
+lambda = 6e-7; // Wavelength of light in meters
+t = lambda/(2*(ue-uo));
+disp('m',t,'The thickness of the half wave plate is')
diff --git a/3020/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce b/3020/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4aebb6e50 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+ue = 1.486; // Refractive index of extraordinary ray
+uo = 1.658; // Refractive index of the ordinary ray
+lambda = 6e-7; // Wavelength of light in meters
+t = lambda/(4*(uo-ue));
+disp('m',t,'The thickness of the quarter wave plate is')
+//rounding off value due to scilab
diff --git a/3020/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce b/3020/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2544da946 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+ue = 1.486; // Refractive index of extraordinary ray
+uo = 1.658; // Refractive index of the ordinary ray
+t = 1.64e-6; // Thickness
+lambda = t*2*(uo-ue);
+disp('m',lambda,'The wavelength of light is')
+//rounding off due to scilab
diff --git a/3020/CH8/EX8.5/ex8_5.sce b/3020/CH8/EX8.5/ex8_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..500613f34 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH8/EX8.5/ex8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+t = 12.5e-6; // Thickness in meters
+d = 0.01; // Difference in principal refractive index (uo-ue)
+lambda = 2*t*d;//The wavelength of light
+disp('m',lambda,'The wavelength of light is')
+//rounding off due to scilab
diff --git a/3020/CH9/EX9.1/ex9_1.sce b/3020/CH9/EX9.1/ex9_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ebfc47ad6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH9/EX9.1/ex9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+deltas = 10e8; // Difference between principal stress in newton per square meters
+c = 1e-12; // The stress optic coefficient in squared meters per newton
+N = c*deltas;
+disp('',N,'The difference between the refractive indices along with the principal stresses is')
diff --git a/3020/CH9/EX9.2/ex9_2.sce b/3020/CH9/EX9.2/ex9_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a988507cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3020/CH9/EX9.2/ex9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+sigma1 = 405e6; // Principal stress in newton per square meters
+sigma2 = -105e6; // Principal stress in newton per square meters
+Tmax = (sigma1-sigma2)/2;
+disp('N/m^2',Tmax,'The maximum shearing stress is')
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