initial commit / add all books

15 files changed, 327 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..95946077e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Ex4_1 Pg-213

+clc

+

+Vrms=110 //rms volatage in V

+Vm=Vrms/0.707 //peak source voltage

+printf("Peak source voltage=%.1f V",Vm) //textbook answer wrong

+

+disp("(a) With an ideal diode ")

+Vpout=Vm //peak output voltage

+printf("\n Peak output voltage=%.1f V",Vpout)

+Vdc=Vm/%pi //Dc load voltage

+printf("\n DC load voltage=%.2f V \n",Vdc) //textbook answer wrong

+

+disp("(b) With second approximation")

+Vpin=Vm //peak input voltage

+Vpout=Vpin-0.7

+printf("\n Peak output voltage=%.1f V",Vpout)

+Vdc=Vpout/%pi //Dc load voltage

+printf("\n DC load voltage=%.1f V \n",Vdc) //textbook answer wrong

+

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a6ec9ea75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Ex4_10 Pg-238

+clc

+

+f=60 //frequency in Hz

+C=100*10^(-6) //capacitance in F

+Rl=1*10^3 //load resistance

+

+disp("Since the transformer is center tapped ,the rms value of voltage across half the secondary coil")

+Vct=12.6 //voltage of center tapped transformer

+Vrms=Vct/2 //rms voltage

+

+disp("Peak voltage")

+Vm=Vrms*sqrt(2) //peak voltage

+printf("        = %.2f V\n ",Vm)

+

+disp("(b) DC output voltage")

+Vdc=Vm/(1+(1/(4*f*C*Rl))) //DC output voltage

+printf("        = %.2f V \n ",Vdc)

+

+disp("Ripple factor in case of capacitor filter ")

+disp("          =2410/C*Rl")

+r=2410/(100*Rl)*100 //ripple factor

+printf("\n           = %.1f %%\n ",r)

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8a07c838f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Ex4_11 Pg-238

+clc

+Vdc=9 //dc voltage

+Idc=100*10^(-3) //dc load current

+disp("Ripple factor with an L-C filter,r=(0.83/LC)")

+disp("               where L-> Henry,C->microFarad")

+gamm=0.02 //maximum ripple

+LC=0.83/gamm

+printf("       LC = %.1f \n ",LC) //let LC=42

+

+disp("LOad connected to the filter,")

+RL=Vdc/Idc //load resistance in ohm

+printf("      RL  = %.0f ohm\n ",RL)

+

+disp("Critical value of inductor,")

+Lk=RL/900 //Critical value of inductor

+printf("      Lk  = %.1f \n ",Lk)

+

+disp("Capacitance")

+LC=42 //rounding of 41.5 to 42

+C=LC/Lk //capacitance in microFarad

+printf("      C  = %.0f uF\n ",C)

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce38d33e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Ex4_12 Pg-245

+clc

+

+V=20 //source voltage

+Vz=12 //zener voltage

+Vr=V-Vz //voltage across resistor 

+Rs=330 //series resistance

+ disp("Voltage across resistor ")

+printf("        = %.0f V \n ",Vr)

+

+disp("Current through series resistor")

+Iser=Vr/Rs //Current through series resistor

+printf("        = %.1f mA \n ",Iser*10^3)

+

+disp("Since Zener diode is in series with resistor, current through it is equal to current flowing through resistor,i.e 24.2mA ")

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b4973df75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//Ex4_13 Pg-245

+clc

+

+V=20 //source voltage in V

+Vz=12 //zener voltage in V

+Vs=V-Vz //voltage across resistor in V 

+Rs=330 //series resistance in ohm

+RL=1.5*10^3 //load resistance in ohm

+ disp("Voltage across resistor ")

+printf("        = %.0f V \n ",Vr)

+

+disp("(1) Current through series resistor Is")

+Is=Vr/Rs //Current through series resistor

+printf("      Is  = %.1f mA \n ",Is*10^3)

+

+disp("(2) Current through series load Il")

+VL=Vz //voltage across load

+IL=VL/RL //Current through series load

+printf("      IL  = %.0f mA \n ",IL*10^3)

+

+disp("(3)Current through zener diode")

+Iz=Is-IL //Current through zener diode

+printf("      IL  = %.1f mA \n ",Iz*10^3)

+

+disp("(4)Respective wattage of elements used")

+disp("(a) Series resistor -> W=Is*Vs")

+W=Vs*Is //wattage of series resistor

+printf("          = %.1f mW \n ",W*10^3)

+

+disp("(b) Zener diode -> W=Iz*Vz")

+W=Vz*Iz //wattage of zener diode

+printf("          = %.1f mW \n ",W*10^3)

+

+

+disp("(b) Load resistor -> W=IL*VL")

+W=VL*IL //wattage of zener diode

+printf("          = %.0f mW \n ",W*10^3)

+

+

+

+

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..180a060f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Ex4_14 Pg-246

+clc

+

+RL=1*10^3 //load resistance in ohm

+Rs=270 //series resistor in ohm

+Vs=18 //supply voltage in V

+vz=10 //xener voltage

+

+disp("Applying Thevenin''s theorem, Thevenin voltage across the zener diode")

+Vth=(RL/(RL+Rs))*Vs //Thevenin voltage

+printf("\n      Vth = %.1f V \n ",Vth)

+

+disp("Thus Vth is greater than Vz(zener voltage),i.e 14.2 >10. So Zener diode is operating in the breakdown voltage.")

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0d241971e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Ex4_15 Pg-246

+clc

+

+IL1=10*10^(-3) 

+IL2=20*10^(-3) //IL1,IL2 range of load current in A

+Vin=20 //supply voltage in V

+Izt=6*10^(-3) //zener current in A

+Vz=15 //zener voltage in V

+

+disp("Average load current")

+IL=(IL1+IL2)/2 // Average load current

+printf("\n      IL = %.0f mA \n ",IL*10^3)

+

+disp("Total current entering the circuit")

+Is=IL+Izt //current entering the circuit

+printf("\n      Is = %.0f mA \n ",Is*10^3)

+

+disp("Series resistor")

+Rs=(Vin-Vz)/Is //Series resistor in ohm

+printf("\n      Rs = %.0f ohm \n ",Rs)

+

+disp("Power rating of resistor")

+Vs=Vin-Vz 

+P=(Vs^2)/Rs //Power rating of resistor

+printf("\n      P = %.1f W \n ",P)

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1e43dc286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Ex4_2 Pg-214

+clc

+

+disp("      VR = (V_NoLoad - V_FullLoad)/V_FullLoad*100%")

+disp("(a) VR = 0%")

+V_FullLoad=20 //full load voltage

+V_NoLoad=V_FullLoad//no load voltage

+printf("\n V_FullLoad = V_NoLoad= %.0f V \n",V_NoLoad)

+

+disp("(b) VR = 100%")

+VR=100 //voltage regulation in %

+V_NoLoad=(VR*V_FullLoad)/(100)+V_FullLoad

+printf("\n V_NoLoad= %.0f V \n",V_NoLoad)

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3aced56b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex4_3 Pg-214

+clc

+

+disp("    Ratio of rectification or efficiency of halfwave rectifier,")

+disp("   n = 0.406 = DC power deliverd to the load/AC input powerfrom transformer secondary ")

+DC_power=500 //ddc power deliverd to the load

+n=0.406 //efficiency

+AC_in_power=DC_power/n //AC input powerfrom transformer secondary

+printf("\n AC input powerfrom transformer secondary =%.0f Watt",AC_in_power)

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..be161488b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//Ex4_4 Pg-220

+clc

+

+Rl=3.5*10^(3) //resistance in k-ohm

+rF=800 //secondary resistance in k-ohm

+Vm=240 // input voltage

+disp("(1)(a) Peak value of current flowing")

+Im=Vm/(rF+Rl) //peak current

+printf("       Im = %.2f mA\n ",Im*10^3)

+

+disp("(b) Average or DC current flowing")

+Idc=Im/%pi //DC current

+printf("       Idc = %.2f mA\n ",Idc*10^3)

+

+disp("(c) R.M.S value of current flowing")

+Irms=Im/2 //rms current

+printf("       Irms = %.2f mA\n ",Irms*10^3)

+

+disp("(2) DC output power")

+Pdc=(Idc)^2*Rl //dc output power

+printf("       Pdc = %.1f Watt\n ",Pdc)

+

+disp("(3) AC input power")

+Pac=(Irms)^2*(rF+Rl)

+printf("       Pac = %.2f Watt\n ",Pac)

+

+disp("(4)Efficiency of rectifier")

+n=(Pdc/Pac)*100 //efficiency

+printf("       n = %.2f %%\n ",n)

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..02d9af525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Ex4_5 Pg-221

+clc

+

+Vr=0.7 //diodes voltage drop

+Rl=820 //load resistor in ohm

+Vin=40 //input voltage in V

+

+disp("(1)  Peak output volatge: Current flows through load only when two diodes conduct. While conducting, there is voltage drop across the diode.")

+V_drop_2=2*Vr //voltage drop across 2 diodes

+Vm=Vin-V_drop_2 //peak voltage

+printf("\n       Vm = %.2f V\n ",Vm)

+

+disp("(2) Average output current")

+Idc=(2*Vm/%pi)/Rl //average output current

+printf("       Idc = %.0f mA\n ",Idc*10^3)

+

+disp("(3) Diode dissipation")

+DD=Idc*Vr //Diode dissipation

+printf("        = %.0f mW\n ",DD*10^3)

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eb99f7dd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//Ex4_6 Pg-222

+clc

+

+Vr=0.7 //voltage drop

+Vi=120 //input voltage

+disp("RMS value of secondary voltage")

+V_sec=Vi/5 //RMS value of secondary voltage

+printf("        = %.0f V\n ",V_sec)

+

+disp("Peak secondary voltage")

+Vm=V_sec*sqrt(2) //Peak secondary voltage

+printf("        = %.0f V\n ",Vm)

+

+disp("Peak inverse voltage of diode")

+Vinv=-(Vm) //Peak inverse voltage of diode

+printf("        = %.0f V\n ",Vinv)

+

+printf("\n Peak load voltage =%.0f V\n ",Vm)

+

+disp("DC load voltage")

+Vdc=Vm/%pi //DC load voltage

+printf("        = %.1f V\n ",Vdc)

+

+disp("Assuming second approximation")

+disp("Vm'' = Vm - Vr ")

+disp("Peak load voltage")

+Vm_dash=Vm-Vr //Peak load voltage

+printf("        = %.1f V\n ",Vm_dash)

+

+disp("DC load voltage")

+Vdc=Vm_dash/%pi //DC load voltage

+printf("        = %.1f V\n ",Vdc)

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b38bfbff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Ex4_7 Pg-222

+clc

+

+Vi=120 //supply voltage n V

+Rl=5*10^3 //load resistance

+

+disp("Secondary RMS voltage")

+Vrms=Vi/5 //Secondary RMS voltage

+printf("        = %.0f V\n ",Vrms)

+

+disp("Secondary pek voltage")

+Vm=Vrms*sqrt(2) //Secondary pek voltage

+printf("        = %.0f V\n ",Vm)

+

+disp("  Half of the secondary voltage is input to the half section.")

+disp("So input to the half section")

+in=Vm/2 //input to the half section

+printf("        = %.0f V\n ",in)

+

+disp("Peak voltage across load")

+printf("        = %.0f V\n ",in)

+

+disp("    DC voltage across load = 17V. Since the capacitor gets changed up to peak value,")

+disp("DC load current")

+Vdc=in

+Idc=Vdc/Rl //DC load current

+printf("        = %.1f mA\n ",Idc*10^3)

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..867df273b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Ex4_8 Pg-227

+clc

+

+f=50 //frequency in Hz

+C=100*10^(-6) //capacitance in F

+Rl=2*10^3 //load resistance

+Vrms=40 //rms secondary voltage

+

+disp("(a) Ripple factor for a full wave rectifier")

+r=1/(4*sqrt(3)*f*C*Rl) //Ripple factor for a full wave rectifier

+printf("        = %.3f \n ",r)

+

+disp("(b) DC output voltage")

+Vm=Vrms*sqrt(2)

+Vdc=Vm/(1+(1/(4*f*C*Rl))) //DC output voltage

+printf("        = %.1f V \n ",Vdc)

+

+disp("(c) Percentage voltage regulation")

+per=100/(4*f*C*Rl) //Percentage voltage regulation

+printf("        = %.1f %%\n ",per)

diff --git a/2825/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/2825/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5c931d38b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2825/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Ex4_9 Pg-237

+clc

+

+Vrms=300 //rms voltage in V

+f=60 //frequency

+Idc=0.2 //load current

+C=10 //shunt capacitor in microFarad

+

+Vm=Vrms*sqrt(2) //peak voltage

+Vdc=(2*Vm)/%pi //Dc voltage

+

+disp("Connected load")

+Rl=Vdc/Idc //Connected load

+printf("       Rl = %.0f ohm = (955.6)*sqrt(2) ohm\n",Rl)

+

+disp("Ripple factor in case of shunt capacitor filter ")

+disp("          =2410/C*Rl")

+r=2410/(C*Rl) //ripple factor

+printf("\n           = %.2f \n ",r)