initial commit / add all books

32 files changed, 648 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.jpg
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diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce
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index 000000000..346a93d84
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+//Page Number: 8.6

+//Example 8.1

+

+clc;

+disp('Part a');

+//(a)Given, u1=1W and u2=1mW

+//Change to dBW and dBm

+u1=1D-3;

+u2=1;

+//(i)470mW

+a=470D-3;

+y1=(10*log10(a/u1));

+disp('dBm',y1);

+

+y2=(10*log10(a/u2));

+disp('dBW',y2);

+

+//(ii)1W

+b=1;

+z1=(10*log10(b/u1));

+disp('dBm',z1);

+

+z2=(10*log10(b/u2));

+disp('dBW',z2);

+

+//(iii)100nW

+c=100D-9;

+x1=(10*log10(c/u1));

+disp('dBm',x1);

+

+x2=(10*log10(c/u2));

+disp('dBW',x2);

+

+disp('Part B');

+//(b)Here u1=1W (for dBW)and u2=1mW (for dBm)

+//Change to powers to watts

+//(i)-20dBW

+a=-20;

+k1=u2*(10^(a/10));

+disp('W',k1);

+

+

+//(ii)47dBm

+b=47;

+k2=u1*(10^(b/10));

+disp('W',k2);

+

+

+//(ii)0dBm

+c=0;

+k3=u1*(10^(c/10));

+disp('W',k3);

+

+

+disp('Part C');

+//(c)Given, channel loss=20dB and Pt=1W

+l=-20;

+PT=1;

+PR=10^(l/10);

+disp(PR,'W','Received Power',);

+

+disp('Part D');

+//(d)Given, channel loss=30dB when signal=3dB and overall loss=20dB

+l1=-30;

+s=-3;

+l2=-20;

+q=-l1-s-s+l2;

+d1=10^(q/10);

+disp('dB',q,'=');

+disp(d1);

+

+disp('Part E');

+//(e)Given,

+Si=0; //dBm

+S1=1D-3*(10^(Si/10));

+Ni=1D-7; //W

+

+Osnr=S1/Ni;

+Odb=(10*(log10(Osnr)));

+disp('dB',Odb);

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..01f6f312f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.sce
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index 000000000..9140b92b4
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+//Page Number: 8.12

+//Example 8.10

+clc;

+

+

+//Given

+K=1.38D-23;

+B=40D+6;

+

+Tant=600; //Kelvin

+Trec=3000; //Kelvin

+

+G=80; //dB

+GG=(10^(G/10));

+

+//Input noise power from antenna

+Nant=K*Tant*B; //W

+disp('W',Nant,'Nant=');

+

+Nrec=K*Trec*B; //W

+disp('W',Nrec,'Nant=');

+

+Nout=(Nant+Nrec)*GG;

+disp('W',Nout,'Reciver Noise Power Output');

+

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a0ed50188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.sce
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index 000000000..9ebcfa114
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+//Page Number: 8.12

+//Example 8.11

+clc;

+

+//We use, F=(F1+(F2-1)/G1)

+//Given

+FA=1.5; 

+

+GA=10, //dB

+GAA=(10^(GA/10));

+

+FB=3; //dB

+FBB=(10^(FB/10));

+

+GB=15, //dB

+GBB=(10^(GB/10));

+

+//Case 1: Amp A followed by Amp B

+F11=FA;

+F12=FBB;

+G11=GAA;

+

+F1=(F11+(F12-1)/G11);

+disp(F1,'Gain when Amp A followed by Amp B');

+

+//Case 2: Amp B followed by Amp A

+F21=FBB;

+F22=FA;

+G21=GBB;

+

+F2=(F21+(F22-1)/G21);

+disp(F2,'Gain when Amp B followed by Amp A');

+

+//As F1<F2, Case 1 gives lowest Noise

+

+//Also given,

+T0=20 //degree celsius

+T=T0+273; //Kelvin

+

+//For amplifier A

+TA=((FA-1)*T);

+

+//For amplifier B

+TB=((FBB-1)*T);

+

+//When A is followed by B

+Te1=(F1-1)*T;

+disp(Te1,'Noise temperataure when Amp A followed by Amp B');

+

+//When B is followed by A

+Te2=(F2-1)*T;

+disp(Te2,'Noise temperataure when Amp B followed by Amp A');

+

+

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7d10900bf
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diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.sce
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+//Page Number: 8.13

+//Example 8.12

+clc;

+//Given, Noise figure

+NF=2; //dB

+F=(10^(NF/10));

+

+AG=12; //dB

+A=(10^(AG/10));

+

+//(a)Total Output Noise Power

+

+//Also given,Input signal power 

+Pi=1; //W

+

+//Input Noise power Pni

+Pni=100D-3; //W

+

+//Input SNR

+Isnr=Pi/Pni;

+

+//Output SNR

+Osnr=Isnr/F;

+

+//Total output signal power

+Po=Pi*A; //W

+

+//Total output noise power

+N=Po/Osnr; //W

+disp('W',N,'Total Output Noise Power');

+

+//(b)Signal to Noise and disortion ratio

+

+//Given. 2% is disortion

+Di=2/100;

+

+//Total disortion

+D=Di*A; //W

+

+//Useful Power

+S=(1-Di)*A; //W

+

+//As given,SNAD=10*(log10(S+N+D)/(N+D));

+SNAD=10*(log10((S+N+D)/(N+D)));

+disp('dB',SNAD,'SNAD:');

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d53a0302b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e5d2447a2
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+//Page Number: 8.14

+//Example 8.13

+clc;

+//Given

+Pni=-100; //dBm

+PniW=((1D-3)*(10^(Pni/10)));

+

+To=290; //K

+

+F=1.6; //dB

+NF=(10^(F/10));

+

+//(a) Noise tempertaure of antenna

+//As Te=Pni/K*B;

+K=1.38D-23;

+B=20D+6;

+Te=(PniW/(K*B));

+disp('K',Te,'Noise tempertaure of antenna');

+

+//(b)Effective noise tempertaure

+//Given,

+G=30; //dB

+GdB=(10^(G/10));

+

+Tef=((NF-1)*To);

+disp('K',Tef,'Effective Noise tempertaure');

+

+//Output Noise Pno=K*T(Te+Tef)*B*GdB

+

+Pno=K*(Te+Tef)*B*GdB; //W

+Pno1=(10*(log10(Pno/1D-3)));

+disp('dBm',Pno1,'Output Noise: ');

+

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..59870148b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3853f3a4b
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@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//Page Number: 8.14

+//Example 8.14

+clc;

+//Given

+GG1=20;//dB

+G1=(10^(GG1/10));

+

+FF1=6;//dB

+F1=(10^(FF1/10));

+

+GG2=60;//dB

+G2=(10^(GG2/10));

+

+FF2=16;//dB

+F2=(10^(FF2/10));

+

+LF=3; //dB

+FC=(10^(LF/10));

+GC=1/FC;

+

+//(a)Overall Noise Figure

+//Usinng F=(F1+((F2-1)/G1)+((F3-1)(G1*G2)));

+

+Fa=(F1+((FC-1)/G1)+((F2-1)/(G1*GC)));

+FadB=(10*(log10(Fa)));

+disp('db',FadB,'Overall Noise Figure:');

+

+

+//(b)Noise figure, if pre-amplifier is removed and gain increased by 20dB

+

+Fb=FC+((F2-1)/GC);

+FbdB=(10*(log10(Fb)));

+disp('db',FbdB,'Overall Noise Figure:');

+

+//(c)Change in noise figure

+//Again usinng F=(F1+((F2-1)/G1)+((F3-1)(G1*G2)));

+Fc=(FC+((F1-1)/GC)+((F2-1)/(G1*GC)));

+FcdB=(10*(log10(Fc)));

+

+disp('db',FcdB,'Overall Noise Figure:');

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a6dcdf669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.sce
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index 000000000..741fad04f
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+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+//Page Number: 8.15

+//Example 8.15

+clc;

+

+//Given Noise figure

+NF=5; //dB

+F=(10^(NF/10));

+

+Ta=1050; //Kelvin

+

+//(a) Overall Noise Figure

+T=20; // degree Celsius

+To=T+273; //Kelvin

+

+//Effective Noise temperature

+Te=((F-1)*To);

+disp('K',Te,'Effective Noise temperature');

+

+//Overall effective Noise Temperature

+TIN=Ta+Te;

+disp('K',TIN,'Overall Effective Noise temperature');

+

+//Overall noise figure

+ONF=(1+(TIN/To));

+ONFdB=(10*(log10(ONF))); //dB

+

+disp('dB',ONFdB,'Overall Noise Figure:');

+

+

+//(b)Input Signal Power

+//Given Output SNR

+Outsnr=6; //dB

+Osnr=(10^(Outsnr/10));

+

+Isnr=ONF*Osnr;

+

+//Input Noise Power=KTB

+K=1.38D-23;

+B=50000;

+Pni=K*TIN*B; //W

+

+//Input signal Power

+Psi=Isnr*Pni; //W

+PsidBW=(10*(log10(Psi/1))); //dBW

+disp('dBW',PsidBW,'Input signal Power:');

+

+

+//(c)Minimum detectable signal Vmin

+//Given

+Osnr=10; //dB

+R=50; //Ohms

+

+FF1=3; //dB

+F1=(10^(FF1/10));

+

+FF2=5; //dB

+F2=(10^(FF2/10));

+

+GG1=7; 

+G1=(10^(GG1/10));

+//Using F=F1+((F2-1)/G1)

+

+Fa=F1+((F2-1)/G1);

+

+Fa1=(10*(log10(Fa)));

+

+//Equivalent Noise Tempertaure

+Te1=((Fa-1)*To);

+disp('K',Te1,'Equivalent Noise temperature:');

+

+//Overall effective Noise Temperature

+TIN1=Ta+Te1;

+disp('K',TIN1,'Effective Noise temperature:');

+

+//Input Noise Power=KTB

+Pni1=K*TIN1*B; //W

+

+//Overall noise figure

+ONF1=(1+(TIN1/To));

+ONFdB1=(10*(log10(ONF)));

+disp('W',ONFdB1,'Overall Noise Figure:');

+

+//Input SNR

+Isnr1=ONF1*Osnr;

+

+//Input signal Power

+Psi1=Isnr1*Pni; //W

+disp('W',Psi1,'Input Signal Power:');

+

+//Now as Vmin^2/R=Psi1

+//Therefore

+Vmin=sqrt(Psi1*R);

+disp('V',Vmin,'Minimum detectable signal Vmin:');

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a838261cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.sce
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index 000000000..b5d017359
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+//Page Number: 8.18

+//Example 8.18

+clc;

+//Given, 

+

+Fa=5; //dB

+d=200; //Km

+a=2; //dB/Km

+No=4D-21; //W/Hz

+BW=4000;

+Osnr=30; //dB

+//(a) No repeaters used

+L=d*a; //dB

+disp('dB',L,'Noise figure:');

+

+//As Output SNR=InputSNR/F where F=L*Fa

+//And Input SNR=(Pt/(No*B))

+//Therefore,PT=Output SNR+L+Fa+(No*B)

+

+NoB=10*log10(No*BW);

+

+//Power Transmitted

+Pt=Osnr+L+Fa+(NoB);

+

+PtdB=10^(Pt/10);

+disp('W',PtdB,'Power transmitted with no repeaters');

+

+//(b)20 repeaters are employed

+n=20;

+//F becomes 20F

+//Output SNR=InputSNR/20*F where F=L*Fa

+L1=L/n; //dB per segment

+

+//Power Transmitted

+Pt1=Osnr+L1+Fa+(NoB)+(10*(log10(n)));

+

+PtdB1=10^(Pt1/10);

+disp('W',PtdB1,'Power transmitted with 20 repeaters');

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7cec52c8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce
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index 000000000..5d77e6fd7
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+//Page Number: 8.7

+//Example 8.2

+clc;

+//Given,

+R=1000;

+T=27; //degree celsius

+TK=T+273; //kelvin

+

+// We know, rms noise voltage is 4RKTB

+K=1.38D-28;

+B=10;

+

+V=sqrt(4*R*K*TK*B);

+disp('V',V,'Rms noise voltage:');

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.23/ex8_23.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.23/ex8_23.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fc56e0e12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.23/ex8_23.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.23/ex8_23.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.23/ex8_23.sce
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index 000000000..34c423161
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Page Number: 8.23

+//Example 8.23

+clc;

+//Given,

+// S=10D-8*(1-(|f|/10D+8));

+

+

+//(a)Power contenet of output noise

+//Bandwidth of 2MHz centered at 50MHz

+//Therefore, first limits will be

+

+x0=-51D+6;

+x1=-49D+6;

+P1=integrate('1+(f/10^8)','f',x0,x1);

+

+//And,second limits will be

+

+x2=49D+6;

+x3=51D+6;

+

+P2=integrate('1-(f/10^8)','f',x2,x3);

+

+P=10D-8*(P1+P2);

+disp('W',P,'Power content:');

+

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.24/ex8_24.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.24/ex8_24.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..980379776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.24/ex8_24.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.24/ex8_24.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.24/ex8_24.sce
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index 000000000..aac6ea779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.24/ex8_24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Page Number: 8.25

+//Example 8.24

+clc;

+//Given, band limited gaussian noise with psd,

+S=9.6D-5; //W/Hz for |f|<8kHz

+L=100D-3; //H

+R=100; //Ohms

+

+//(a) Noise power at input of filter

+

+x0=-8000;

+x1=8000;

+Pni=S*(integrate('1','f',x0,x1));

+disp('W',Pni,'Noise power at input of filter:');

+

+//Plot

+x=linspace(-8,8,3);

+y=linspace(0,1,1);

+

+plot(x,y);

+

+

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..91e387ef5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8b3e7014a
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+//Page Number: 8.8

+//Example 8.3

+clc;

+

+//Given,

+G=100;

+G1=(10^(G/10));

+

+T=30;

+Te=270;

+

+//We know,output noise power=GKB(T+Te)

+K=1.38D-23;

+B=1.5D+6;

+

+No=G1*1.38D-23*1.5D+6*(T+Te);

+disp('W',No,'Output Noise Power');

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1e7aa235b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce
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index 000000000..018fc0e21
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@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//Page Number: 8.8

+//Example 8.4

+clc;

+

+//Given,

+R=50;

+osnr=0;

+SNRo=(10^(osnr/10));

+disp(SNRo,'Output SNR');

+

+//As Pni=KTB

+K=1.38D-23;

+T=290;

+B=5D+5;

+Pni=K*T*B;

+disp('W',Pni,'Input noise power');

+

+//Psi=V^2/R

+//Given V=5*10^-6V

+V=0.5D-6;

+Psi=(V^2)/R;

+disp('W',Psi,'Signal Power Input');

+

+isnr=(Psi/Pni);

+disp(isnr,'Input SNR');

+

+F=(isnr/SNRo);

+disp(F,'Noise Factor');

+

+NF=10*log10(F);

+disp('dB',NF,'Noise figure');

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5a04e2073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5c18b7a4d
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//Page Number: 8.9

+//Example 8.6

+clc;

+

+//Given,Stage 1

+SNRo=120;

+Pni=0.01D-6; //W

+G1=20;

+

+//Stage 2

+F2=12; //dB

+FF2=(10^(F2/10));

+G2=30;

+

+//Stage 3

+F3=9.3; //dB

+FF3=(10^(F3/10));

+G3=35;

+

+//(a)Nosie factor and noise figure of Stage 1

+F=5.6; //dB

+FF=(10^(F/10));

+

+//As F=F1-((F2-1)/G1)-((F3-1)*(G1G2));

+Fa=FF-((F2-1)/G1)-((FF3-1)/(G1*G2));

+disp(Fa,'Noise factor of stage 1');

+

+FadB=(10*(log10(Fa))); //dB

+disp('dB',FadB,'Noise figure of stage 1');

+

+

+//(b)Input signal power of stage 1

+Psi=Pni*Fa*SNRo;

+disp('W',Psi,'Input signal power of stage 1');

+

+

+//(c)Nosie added by stage 1

+N=(Fa-1)*G1*Pni; 

+disp('W',N,'Noise added by stage 1');

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e3840aa10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..129fa8911
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Page Number: 8.10

+//Example 8.7

+clc;

+

+//Given

+Te=127;//Kelvin

+T=290;//Kelvin

+

+G1=100;

+

+F2dB=12;//db

+F2=(10^(F2dB/10));

+

+F1=1+(Te/T);

+

+F=F1+((F2-1)/G1);

+FF=(10*log10(F));

+disp('dB',FF,'Overall Noise Figure');

+

+//Equivalent Noise Temperature TE

+TE=(F-1)*T;

+disp('K',TE,'Equivalent Noise Temperature');

+

+

diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f13ae4e18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.jpg
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..807399604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//Page Number: 8.11;

+//Example 8.9

+clc;

+

+//(a)Noise Figure

+//Given

+//Loss Fcator

+IL=1.5; //dB

+IL1=(10^(IL/10));

+

+//Noise figure

+F1=1.41;

+G1=1/F1;

+

+G2=10; 

+GG2=(10*log10(G2)); //dB

+

+G3=100;

+GG3=(10*log10(G3)); //dB

+

+F2=2; //dB

+F3=2; //dB

+

+FF2=(10^(F2/10));

+FF3=(10^(F3/10));

+

+F=(F1+((FF2-1)/G1)+((FF3-1)/(G1*GG2)));

+FF=(10*log10(F));

+disp('dB',FF,'Noise figure of cascade');

+

+//(b) SNR at output

+//Given

+Pin=-90; //dBm

+Pout=Pin-IL+GG2+GG3; //dBm

+

+//Pn=Gcas*K*Te*B (cascade)

+K=1.38D-23;

+To=290; //Kelvin

+B=1D+8;

+Gcas=GG2+GG3-IL;

+Gcas1=(10^(Gcas/10));

+Pn=K*To*(F-1)*B*Gcas1; //W

+

+Pn1=(10*(log10(Pn/1D-3)));

+disp('dBm',Pn1,'Noise power output:');

+

+SNR=Pout-Pn1;

+disp('dB',SNR,'Signal to Noise ratio:');

+

+//(c)Best Noise Figure

+//G1 after G2 after IL

+

+Fcas=(FF2+((FF3-1)/G3)+((IL1-1)/(G3*G2)));

+Fcas1=(10*(log10(Fcas)));

+

+disp('dB',Fcas1,'Noise figure will be:');