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| author | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
| commit | b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (patch) | |
| tree | ab291cffc65280e58ac82470ba63fbcca7805165 /2606 | |
| download | Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.gz Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.bz2 Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.zip | |
initial commit / add all books
Diffstat (limited to '2606')
194 files changed, 2669 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/2606/CH1/EX1.10/ex1_10.jpg b/2606/CH1/EX1.10/ex1_10.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..b9b859114 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH1/EX1.10/ex1_10.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH1/EX1.10/ex1_10.sce b/2606/CH1/EX1.10/ex1_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2b7f36cd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH1/EX1.10/ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Page Number: 1.14
+//Example 1.10
+clc;
+//Given,
+//Signal is x(t)= e^|-a|t * u(t)
+//unity function u(t)=1 for 0 to infinity
+//therefore
+x=1;
+//We assume 'infinity' value as 10 and the value of 'a' is 1
+t= 0:1:10;
+a1=1;// For a >0
+a2=-1; //For a <0
+z=((%e)^(a2*t) * x)+((%e)^(a1*t) * x);
+y=fft(z);
+disp(y,'fourier transform of x(t)=');
diff --git a/2606/CH1/EX1.11/ex1_11.jpg b/2606/CH1/EX1.11/ex1_11.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..7b10b6f24 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH1/EX1.11/ex1_11.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH1/EX1.11/ex1_11.sce b/2606/CH1/EX1.11/ex1_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..156f6997a --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH1/EX1.11/ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +//Page Number: 1.14
+//Example 1.11
+clc;
+
+//(a)
+
+//Given
+//Signal is x(t) = rect(t)
+//rect(t) = 1 for -a< |t| < a and 0 elsewhere
+//Therefore
+//We find out fourier transform of x(t)= 1 for -a< |t| < a thus,
+x=1;
+a= 200; //Assume
+t= -a : 1 : a; //range for fourier transform
+y=fft(x);
+disp(y,'Fourier transform of x(t)=');
+
+
+//(b)
+
+//Given
+//Signal is x(t) = rect(t)
+//rect(t) = 1 for -a/4< |t| < a/4 and 0 elsewhere
+//Therefore
+//We find out fourier transform of x(t)= 1 for -a/4< |t| < a/4 thus,
+x=1;
+a= 200; //Assume
+t= -a/4 : 1 : a/4;//range for fourer transform
+y=fft(x);
+disp(y,'Fourier transform of x(t)=');
+
+//(c)
+
+//Given
+//Signal is x(t) = rect(t)
+//rect(t) = 1 for b < |t| < b + a/2 and 0 elsewhere
+//Therefore
+//We find out fourier transform of x(t)= 1 for b < |t| < b+ a/2 thus,
+x=1;
+a= 200; //Assume
+b=100; //Assume
+t= b : 1 : (b+(a/2));//range for fourer transform
+y=fft(x);
+disp(y,'Fourier transform of x(t)=');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH1/EX1.9/ex1_9.jpg b/2606/CH1/EX1.9/ex1_9.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..55def6f09 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH1/EX1.9/ex1_9.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH1/EX1.9/ex1_9.sce b/2606/CH1/EX1.9/ex1_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..291dd767f --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH1/EX1.9/ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Page Number: 1.13
+//Example 1.9
+clc;
+//Given,
+//Signal is x(t)= e^(-at) * u(t)
+//unity function u(t)=1 for 0 to infinity
+//therefore
+x=1;
+//We assume 'infinity' value as 10 and the value of 'a' is 1
+t= 0:1:10;
+a=1;// a >0
+z=((%e)^(-a*t) * x);
+y=fft(z);
+disp(y,'fourier transform of x(t)=');
diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.jpg b/2606/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..c6fec1c9f --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce b/2606/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b2d84736c --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +//Page Number: 10.18
+//Example 10.1
+clc;
+//Given
+Rb=1D+6; //b/s
+A=5D-3; //V
+N0=0.5D-11; //W/Hz
+
+Tb=1/Rb;
+Eb=(A*A*Tb)/2;
+
+//(a) ASK
+//Pe=Q(x)
+//where
+xA=sqrt(Eb/N0);
+
+PeA=(1/2)*erfc(xA/1.414);
+disp(PeA,'For ASK:');
+
+//(b) PSK
+//Pe=Q(x)
+//where
+xP=sqrt((2*Eb)/N0);
+
+PeP=(1/2)*erfc(xP/1.414);
+disp(PeP,'For PSK:');
+
+//(c) FSK
+//Pe=Q(x)
+//where
+xF=sqrt(Eb/N0);
+
+PeF=(1/2)*erfc(xF/1.414);
+disp(PeF,'For FSK:');
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.jpg b/2606/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..93cc6d59b --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.sce b/2606/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d4f6ae857 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Page Number: 10.28
+//Example 10.11
+clc;
+//Given
+Rb=1D+6; //b/s
+T=1D-5;
+N0=2*0.5D-7; //W/Hz
+
+//From table for Q(z)=10^-5
+z=4.25;
+
+//As z=sqrt(A*A*T/2*N0)
+x=((z^2)*2*N0)/T;
+A=sqrt(x);
+disp(A,'Required value of A:');
+
+//(b) Bandwidth
+//B=1/(2*(T/2))
+//Therefore B=1/T
+B=(1/T);
+disp('Hz',B,'Bandwidth:');
diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.17/ex10_17.jpg b/2606/CH10/EX10.17/ex10_17.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..0176edf4c --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.17/ex10_17.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.17/ex10_17.sce b/2606/CH10/EX10.17/ex10_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f7c104c19 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.17/ex10_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Page Number: 10.33
+//Example 10.17
+clc;
+//Given
+A=0.2D-3; //V
+T=2D-6; //s
+n=2*1D-15; //W/Hz
+
+
+//Pe=Q(z)
+//where
+x=(A*A*T)/(4*n);
+z=sqrt(x);
+Pe=(1/2)*erfc(z/1.414);
+disp(Pe,'Error probability:');
diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.18/ex10_18.jpg b/2606/CH10/EX10.18/ex10_18.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..26c60a919 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.18/ex10_18.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.18/ex10_18.sce b/2606/CH10/EX10.18/ex10_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d0196544f --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.18/ex10_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Page Number: 10.34
+//Example 10.18
+clc;
+//Given
+A=0.2D-3; //V
+A1=A/1.414;
+
+T=2D-6; //s
+n=2*1D-15; //W/Hz
+
+
+//Pe=Q(z)
+//where
+x=(A1*A1*T)/(n);
+z=sqrt(x);
+Pe=(1/2)*erfc(z/1.414);
+disp(Pe,'Error probability:');
diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.19/ex10_19.jpg b/2606/CH10/EX10.19/ex10_19.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..d8737dfc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.19/ex10_19.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.19/ex10_19.sce b/2606/CH10/EX10.19/ex10_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c12eef5cd --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.19/ex10_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Page Number: 10.35
+//Example 10.19
+clc;
+//Given
+d12sqr=8;
+N0=2*0.5; //W/Hz
+
+//(c)
+//As for two equiprobables
+//Pe=Q(z)
+//where z=sqrt(d12^2)/sqrt(2*N0)
+z=sqrt((d12sqr)/(2*N0));
+Pe=(1/2)*erfc(z/1.414);
+disp(Pe,'Probabilty error:')
diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.jpg b/2606/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..a7c57cb89 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce b/2606/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f91178cc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//Page Number: 10.19
+//Example 10.2
+clc;
+//Given
+Rb=1D+6; //b/s
+
+//(a)
+Aa=1D-3; //V
+N0=1D-11; //W/Hz
+
+Tb=1/Rb;
+Eba=(Aa*Aa*Tb)/2;
+
+//Pe=Q(z)
+//where
+za=sqrt((2*Eba)/N0);
+
+Peb=(1/2)*erfc(za/1.414);
+disp(Peb,'For Average bit error probability:');
+
+//(b) Maintain Pb=2D-3
+//From table
+zb=2.9;
+Ebb=((zb^2)*N0)/2;
+P=Ebb*Tb;
+Ab=sqrt((2*P));
+disp('V',Ab,'Average Power:');
+
+//(c)
+Ac=100; //V
+Rbc=1D+5; //p/s
+N01=1D-2;; //W/Hz
+Tbc=1/Rbc;
+Ebc=(Ac*Ac*Tbc);
+
+zc=sqrt(((2*Ebc)/N01));
+
+Pec=(1/2)*erfc(zc/1.414);
+//Pec=0.0000039
+//nearly 10^-5
+disp(10^-5,'For Average bit error probability for bipolar antipodal signals:');
diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.20/ex10_20.jpg b/2606/CH10/EX10.20/ex10_20.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..5d4a78069 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.20/ex10_20.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.20/ex10_20.sce b/2606/CH10/EX10.20/ex10_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..69ca36301 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.20/ex10_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Page Number: 10.36
+//Example 10.20
+clc;
+//Given
+c=sqrt(2);
+A=sqrt(5);
+N0=1; //W/Hz
+
+d12sqr=4*A*A;
+
+//As for two equiprobables
+//Pe=Q(z)
+//where z=sqrt(d12^2)/(2*N0)
+z=sqrt((d12sqr)/(sqrt(2*N0)));
+Pe=(1/2)*erfc(z/1.414);
+disp(Pe,'Probabilty error:')
diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.24/ex10_24.jpg b/2606/CH10/EX10.24/ex10_24.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..8716c2002 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.24/ex10_24.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.24/ex10_24.sce b/2606/CH10/EX10.24/ex10_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1e76c10ce --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.24/ex10_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Page Number: 10.41
+//Example 10.24
+clc;
+//(a) Number of constellation Points
+//Given
+Rs=2400; //bps
+Rb=19.2D+3; //bps
+
+//As Rs=Rb/log2M
+M=2^(Rb/Rs);
+disp(M,'Number of constellation points');
+
+//(b) Bandwidth efficiency
+BT=2400; //Symbols/second
+n=Rb/BT;
+disp('bps/hz',n,'Bandwidth efficiency');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.25/ex10_25.jpg b/2606/CH10/EX10.25/ex10_25.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..b16407fd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.25/ex10_25.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.25/ex10_25.sce b/2606/CH10/EX10.25/ex10_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0dee7d81a --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.25/ex10_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +//Page Number: 10.41
+//Example 10.25
+clc;
+//Given
+A1=0.5;
+A2=0.5;
+T=0.01; //sec
+N0=2*0.0001; //W/Hz
+f=50; //Hz
+
+//(a) Probability of bit error
+Es1=(A1^2*T)/2;
+Es2=(A2^2*T)/2;
+
+Eb=(Es1+Es2)/2;
+//As PE=Qsqrt(Ep+Eq-2Epq/2N0)
+//In this case Ep=Eq=Eb
+//Therefore PE=Qsqrt(Eb(1-p)/N0)
+//where p=Epq/Eb
+
+//p=(1/Eb)*integrate('0.5*cos(2000*%pi*t)*0.5*cos(2020*%pi*t)','t',0,T);
+//We get
+p=0.94;
+q=1-p;
+//As Pe=Q(z)
+//where z=sqrt(Eb/N0)
+z=sqrt((Eb*q)/N0);
+Pe=(1/2)*erfc(z/1.414);
+disp(Pe,'Probabilty of bit error:')
+
+//(b)
+//Given
+fs=50; //Hz
+//or fs=1/2T where T=0.001
+//This implies y=tone spacing will be orthogonal
+//Therefor p=0
+
+//As Pe=Q(z)
+//where z=sqrt(Eb/N0)
+zb=sqrt(Eb/N0);
+PB=(1/2)*erfc(zb/1.414);
+disp(PB,'Probabilty error for fs=50Hz:')
diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.27/ex10_27.jpg b/2606/CH10/EX10.27/ex10_27.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..1faf4cdf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.27/ex10_27.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.27/ex10_27.sce b/2606/CH10/EX10.27/ex10_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c22b22599 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.27/ex10_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Page Number: 10.43
+//Example 10.27
+clc;
+//Given
+Rb=4.8D+3; //b/s
+bw=3.2D+3; //Hz
+
+//BPSK can give maximum spectral efficiency of 1bps/Hz, therefore not suitable
+//QPSK can give twice spectral efficiency,2bps/Hz, therefore
+qpsk=2*bw;
+//PSK can give thrice spectral efficiency,3bps/Hz, therefore
+psk=3*bw;
+
+//QPSK is most suitable
+Rs=Rb/2;
+//Roll off Factor
+a=(bw/Rs)-1;
+ap=a*100;
+disp('%',ap,'Roll off factor:');
diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.jpg b/2606/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..caabc7849 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce b/2606/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f86196772 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Page Number: 10.23
+//Example 10.6
+clc;
+//Given
+p=0.1; //dB
+p1=10^(-p/10);
+p2=sqrt(p1);
+t=acosd(p2);
+a=round(t);
+disp('degrees',a,'System cannot tolerate more than:');
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.16/ex11_16.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.16/ex11_16.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..8f45c9273 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.16/ex11_16.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.16/ex11_16.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.16/ex11_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2be1a7036 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.16/ex11_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +//Page Number: 11.21
+//Example 11.16
+clc;
+//(b)I(X;Y)
+//Given
+a=0.5;
+p=0.1;
+//As we know
+//P(Y)=P(X)*P(Y/X)
+//We have
+PX=[a (1-a)];
+PYbyX=[(1-p) p;p (1-p)];
+PY=PX*PYbyX;
+
+//As H(Y)=-Sum of[P(yi)log2P(yi)]
+//Where i=0 to n;
+HofY=0;
+for i=1:2
+ HofY=HofY+(PY(i)*log2(PY(i)));
+end
+
+//For BSC, I(X;Y)=H(Y)+plog2(p)+(1-p)log2(1-p)
+IXY=-HofY+[(p*log2(p))+((1-p)*log2(1-p))];
+disp(IXY,'I(X;Y) for a=0.5 and p=0.1:');
+
+
+//(c)I1(X;Y)
+//Given
+a1=0.5;
+p1=0.5;
+//As we know
+//P(Y)=P(X)*P(Y/X)
+//We have
+PX1=[a1 (1-a1)];
+PYbyX1=[(1-p1) p1;p1 (1-p1)];
+PY1=PX1*PYbyX1;
+
+//As H(Y)=-Sum of[P(yi)log2P(yi)]
+//Where i=0 to n;
+HofY1=0;
+for i=1:2
+ HofY1=HofY1+(PY1(i)*log2(PY1(i)));
+end
+
+
+//For BSC, I(X;Y)=H(Y)+plog2(p)+(1-p)log2(1-p)
+IXY1=-HofY1+(p1*log2(p1))+((1-p1)*log2(1-p1));
+disp(IXY1,'I(X;Y) for a=0.5 and p=0.5:');
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.2/ex11_2.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.2/ex11_2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..f5822b3de --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.2/ex11_2.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.2/ex11_2.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.2/ex11_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..01de456f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.2/ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Page Number: 11.12
+//Example 11.2
+clc;
+//Given
+//Probabilities of four symbols
+Px=[0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1];
+
+//(a) H(X)
+//As H(X)=-Sum of(P(xi)log2P(xi))
+//Where i=0 to n;
+HofX=0;
+for i=1:4
+ HofX=HofX+(Px(i)*log2(Px(i)));
+end
+disp('b/symbol',-HofX,'H(X):');
+
+//(b)Amount of information in x1x2x1x3 and x4x3x3x2
+Px1x2x1x3=Px(1)*Px(2)*Px(1)*Px(3);
+Ix1x2x1x3=-log2(Px1x2x1x3);
+disp('b/symbol',Ix1x2x1x3,'Ix1x2x1x3:');
+
+Px4x3x3x2=Px(4)*Px(3)*Px(3)*Px(2);
+Ix4x3x3x2=-log2(Px4x3x3x2);
+disp('b/symbol',Ix4x3x3x2,'Ix4x3x3x2:');
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.20/ex11_20.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.20/ex11_20.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..7b68887fe --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.20/ex11_20.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.20/ex11_20.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.20/ex11_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..574585c59 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.20/ex11_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Page Number: 11.24
+//Example 11.20
+clc;
+//Given
+//f(x)=1/a for x from 0 to a
+//0, otherwise
+
+//We have
+//H(X)=-integrate[f(x))*log2f(x)]dx
+//Here, f(x)=1/a for limits 0 to a
+//H(X)=-integrate(1/a)*log2(1/a)dx for 0 to a
+//H(X)=log2(a)
+
+//(a)a1=1
+a1=1;
+y1=log2(a1);
+disp(y1,'For a=1, H(X):');
+
+//(b)a2=2
+a2=2;
+y2=log2(a2);
+disp(y2,'For a=2, H(X):');
+
+
+//(c)a3=1/2
+a3=1/2;
+y3=log2(a3);
+disp(y3,'For a=1/2, H(X):');
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.23/ex11_23.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.23/ex11_23.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..dd630c294 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.23/ex11_23.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.23/ex11_23.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.23/ex11_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..00a7572f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.23/ex11_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Page Number: 11.26
+//Example 11.23
+clc;
+//Given
+B=4D+3; //Hz
+S=0.1D-3; //W
+n=2*(1D-12); //W/hz
+
+N=n*B;
+SN=S/N;
+//As Channel Capacity
+//C=B*(log2(1+(S/N)));
+C=B*(log2(1+(S/N)));
+disp('b/s',C,'Channel Capacity');
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.24/ex11_24.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.24/ex11_24.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..a861060d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.24/ex11_24.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.24/ex11_24.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.24/ex11_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ab0e67098 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.24/ex11_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +//Page Number: 11.26
+//Example 11.24
+clc;
+
+//(a) Information Rate
+//Given
+n=1.25; //times
+l=256; //Levels
+fM=4D+3; //Hz //Bandwidth
+Nr=2*fM; //Nyquist Rate
+r=Nr*n;
+HofX=log2(l);
+//Information rate
+R=r*HofX;
+disp('b/s',R,'Information Rate:');
+
+//(b)
+//As Channel Capacity
+//C=B*(log2(1+(S/N)));
+B=10^4; //Hz
+SNdB=20; //dB
+SN=10^(SNdB/10);
+C=B*(log2(1+(SN)));
+disp('b/s',C,'Channel Capacity:');
+
+//As R>C, error free transmission isnt possible
+
+//(c)For error free transmission
+C1=R;
+//Therfore S/N
+SN1={2^(C1/B)}-1;
+SN1dB=10*(log10(SN1));
+disp('dB',SN1dB,'For error free transmission S/N:');
+
+//(d)Bandwidth for error free transmission
+SN2dB=20; //dB
+SN2=10^(SN2dB/10);
+//As Channel Capacity
+//C=B*(log2(1+(S/N)));
+B=C1/(log2(1+(SN2)));
+disp('Hz',B,'Bandwidth for error free transmission:');
+//Therefore bandwidth should be greater than or equal to B
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.25/ex11_25.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.25/ex11_25.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..665176e2e --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.25/ex11_25.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.25/ex11_25.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.25/ex11_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1d65271c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.25/ex11_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Page Number: 11.27
+//Example 11.25
+clc;
+//Given
+p=0.9;
+Px=[p (1-p)];
+
+n=1;
+//Average Code length
+//L=Summation(P(xi)ni)
+L=0;
+for i=1:2
+ L=L+(Px(i)*n);
+end
+
+//As H(X)=-Sum of[P(xi)log2P(xi)]
+//Where i=0 to n;
+HofX=0;
+for i=1:2
+ HofX=HofX+(Px(i)*log2(Px(i)));
+end
+
+//Efficiency=H(X)/L
+n=-HofX/L;
+np=n*100;
+disp('%',np,'Code efficiency:');
+
+//Redundancy
+g=1-n;
+gp=g*100;
+disp('%',gp,'Code redundancy:');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.26/ex11_26.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.26/ex11_26.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..9dd70e2a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.26/ex11_26.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.26/ex11_26.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.26/ex11_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..30d39c681 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.26/ex11_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Page Number: 11.28
+//Example 11.26
+clc;
+//Given
+Pa=[0.81 0.09 0.09 0.01];
+n=[1 2 3 4];
+
+//Average Code length
+//L=Summation(P(xi)ni)
+L=0;
+for i=1:4
+ L=L+(Pa(i)*n(i));
+end
+
+//Entropy of second order extension
+//As H(X^2)=-Sum of[P(ai)log2P(ai)]
+//Where i=0 to n;
+HofX2=0;
+for i=1:4
+ HofX2=HofX2+(Pa(i)*log2(Pa(i)));
+end
+//b/s
+
+//Efficiency=H(X^2)/L
+n=-HofX2/L;
+np=n*100;
+disp('%',np,'Code efficiency:');
+
+//Redundancy
+g=1-n;
+gp=g*100;
+disp('%',gp,'Code redundancy:');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.27/ex11_27.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.27/ex11_27.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..1c46d7a89 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.27/ex11_27.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.27/ex11_27.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.27/ex11_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..361e64ac4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.27/ex11_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +//Page Number: 11.28
+//Example 11.27
+clc;
+//As Kraft inequlity
+//K=summation(2^(-n))
+//where i from 0 to 4
+//As i=1,2,3,4
+//Given
+
+//For Code A
+na=[2 2 2 2];
+KA=0;
+for i=1:4
+ KA=KA+(2^(-na(i)));
+end
+disp(KA,'For Code A:');
+
+//For Code B
+nb=[1 2 2 3];
+KB=0;
+for i=1:4
+ KB=KB+(2^(-nb(i)));
+end
+disp(KB,'For Code B:');
+
+//For Code C
+nc=[1 2 3 3];
+KC=0;
+for i=1:4
+ KC=KC+(2^(-nc(i)));
+end
+disp(KC,'For Code C:');
+
+//For Code D
+nd=[1 3 3 3];
+KD=0;
+for i=1:4
+ KD=KD+(2^(-nd(i)));
+end
+disp(KD,'For Code D:');
+
+//All codes except Code B satisfy Kraft inequality
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.3/ex11_3.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.3/ex11_3.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..d0589b25b --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.3/ex11_3.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.3/ex11_3.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.3/ex11_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e114785cf --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.3/ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Page Number: 11.13
+//Example 11.3
+clc;
+//As H(X) is maximum when
+//Px1=Px2=1/2
+Px=[0.5 0.5];
+
+//As H(X)=-Sum of[P(xi)log2P(xi)]
+//Where i=0 to n;
+HofX=0;
+for i=1:2
+ HofX=HofX+(Px(i)*log2(Px(i)));
+end
+disp('b/symbol',-HofX,'Maximum H(X):');
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.32/ex11_32.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.32/ex11_32.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..900163f1f --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.32/ex11_32.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.32/ex11_32.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.32/ex11_32.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b40517dba --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.32/ex11_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Page Number: 11.31
+//Example 11.32
+clc;
+//Given
+Px=[1/2 1/4 1/8 1/8];
+
+//As I(xi)=-log2(Pxi)
+for i=1:4
+Ix(i)=-log2(Px(i));
+n(i)=Ix(i);
+end
+
+//As H(X)=-Sum of[P(xi)log2P(xi)]
+//and I(xi)=-log2p(xi)
+//Where i=0 to n;
+HofX=0;
+for i=1:4
+ HofX=HofX+(Px(i)*Ix(i));
+end
+
+//Average Code length
+//L=Summation(P(xi)ni)
+L=0;
+for i=1:4
+ L=L+(Px(i)*n(i));
+end
+
+//Efficiency=H(X)/L
+n=HofX/L;
+np=n*100;
+disp('%',np,'Code efficiency:');
+
+//Hence, efficiency is 100%
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.33/ex11_33.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.33/ex11_33.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..655d9c83d --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.33/ex11_33.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.33/ex11_33.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.33/ex11_33.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e5a9854c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.33/ex11_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +//Page Number: 11.32
+//Example 11.33
+clc;
+//Given
+//(a)Efficiency of code
+Px=[0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2];
+na=[2 2 2 3 3];
+
+//As H(X)=-Sum of[P(ai)log2P(ai)]
+//Where i=0 to n;
+HofX=0;
+for i=1:5
+ HofX=HofX+(Px(i)*log2(Px(i)));
+end
+
+//Average Code length
+//L=Summation(P(xi)ni)
+La=0;
+for i=1:5
+ La=La+(Px(i)*na(i));
+end
+
+//Efficiency=H(X)/L
+ea=-HofX/La;
+npa=ea*100;
+disp('%',npa,'Code efficiency for Shannon code 1:');
+
+//(b) Another Shannon Fano Code
+nb=[2 3 3 2 2];
+
+//Average Code length
+//L=Summation(P(xi)ni)
+Lb=0;
+for i=1:5
+ Lb=Lb+(Px(i)*nb(i));
+end
+
+//Efficiency=H(X)/L
+eb=-HofX/Lb;
+npb=eb*100;
+disp('%',npb,'Code efficiency for Shannon code 2:');
+
+//(c) Hauffman Code
+nc=[2 3 3 2 2];
+
+//Average Code length
+//L=Summation(P(xi)ni)
+Lc=0;
+for i=1:5
+ Lc=Lc+(Px(i)*nc(i));
+end
+
+//Efficiency=H(X)/L
+ec=-HofX/Lc;
+npc=ec*100;
+disp('%',npc,'Code efficiency for Hauffman code:');
+
+//Efficiency of all codes is same
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.34/ex11_34.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.34/ex11_34.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..89b60c241 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.34/ex11_34.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.34/ex11_34.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.34/ex11_34.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2cfad9728 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.34/ex11_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//Page Number: 11.33
+//Example 11.34
+clc;
+//Given
+//(a) For Shannon Fano Code
+Px=[0.4 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.1];
+n=[2 2 2 3 3];
+
+//Average Code length
+//L=Summation(P(xi)ni)
+L=0;
+for i=1:5
+ L=L+(Px(i)*n(i));
+end
+
+//As H(X)=-Sum of[P(xi)log2P(xi)]
+//Where i=0 to n;
+HofX=0;
+for i=1:5
+ HofX=HofX+(Px(i)*log2(Px(i)));
+end
+
+//Efficiency=H(X)/L
+n=-HofX/L;
+np=n*100;
+disp('%',np,'Code efficiency for shannon fanon:');
+
+//(b) For Huffman Code
+nh=[1 3 3 3 3];
+
+//Average Code length
+//L=Summation(P(xi)ni)
+Lh=0;
+for i=1:5
+ Lh=Lh+(Px(i)*nh(i));
+end
+
+//Efficiency=H(X)/L
+n1=-HofX/Lh;
+np1=n1*100;
+disp('%',np1,'Code efficiency for hauffman:');
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.5/ex11_5.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.5/ex11_5.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..4c9f79d1b --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.5/ex11_5.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.5/ex11_5.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.5/ex11_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3d66064c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.5/ex11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Page Number: 11.15
+//Example 11.5
+clc;
+//Given
+//Picture elements
+pe=2D+6;
+//Brightness levels
+l=16;
+//Rate of repeatation
+rr=32; //Per second
+
+
+//As H(X)=-Sum of[P(xi)log2P(xi)]
+//Where i=0 to n;
+HofX=(-1)*l*[(1/l)*log2(1/l)];
+
+r=pe*rr;
+
+//As R=r*H(X)
+R=r*HofX;
+disp('b/symbol',R,'Average rate of information conveyed:');
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.6/ex11_6.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.6/ex11_6.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..86f23b393 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.6/ex11_6.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.6/ex11_6.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.6/ex11_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..82fc5c96e --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.6/ex11_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Page Number: 11.15
+//Example 11.6
+clc;
+//Given
+//Pdot-2*Pdash and Pdot+Pdash=1
+//Therfore, on solving
+Pdot=2/3;
+Pdash=1/3;
+
+tdot=0.2; //Sec
+tdash=0.6; //Sec
+tspace=0.2; //Sec
+
+//Finding H(X)
+//As H(X)=-Sum of[P(xi)log2P(xi)]
+//Where i=0 to n;
+HofX=(-1)*[{Pdot*log2(Pdot)}+{Pdash*log2(Pdash)}];
+
+//Average time per symbol
+Ts=(Pdot*tdot)+(Pdash*tdash)+tspace;
+
+//Average Symbol Rate
+r=1/Ts;
+
+//Average information rate
+R=r*HofX;
+disp('b/symbol',R,'Average information rate :');
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.7/ex11_7.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.7/ex11_7.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..da8057443 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.7/ex11_7.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.7/ex11_7.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.7/ex11_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0441fe7f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.7/ex11_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Page Number: 11.15
+//Example 11.7
+clc;
+
+//(a)Channel Matrix
+//Given
+Py1byx1=0.9;
+Py2byx1=0.1;
+Py1byx2=0.2;
+Py2byx2=0.8;
+PYbyX=[Py1byx1 Py2byx1;Py1byx2 Py2byx2];
+disp(PYbyX,'Channel Matrix,P(Y/X):');
+
+//(b)Py1 and Py2
+//Given
+Px1=0.5;
+Px2=Px1;
+//As P(Y)=P(X)*P(Y/X)
+PX=[Px1 Px2];
+PY=PX*PYbyX;
+disp(PY,'P(y1) P(y2):');
+
+//(c)Joint Probabilities P(x1,y2) and P(x2,y1)
+//Diagonalizing PX
+PXd=diag(PX);
+PXY=PXd*PYbyX;
+disp(PXY(2,1),PXY(1,2),'P(x1,y2) P(x2,y1)');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.8/ex11_8.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.8/ex11_8.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..87d4dd50c --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.8/ex11_8.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.8/ex11_8.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.8/ex11_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..434b51a5b --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.8/ex11_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Page Number: 11.16
+//Example 11.8
+clc;
+//(a) Channel Matrix
+//Given
+PYbyX=[0.9 0.1;0.2 0.8];
+PZbyY=[0.9 0.1;0.2 0.8];
+
+//As P(Z/X)=P(Y/X)*P(Z/Y)
+PZbyX=PYbyX*PZbyY;
+disp(PZbyX,'Channel Matrix');
+
+//(b)Pz1 and Pz2
+//Given
+Px1=0.5;
+Px2=Px1;
+//As P(Z)=P(X)*P(Z/X)
+
+//P(X) matrix
+PX=[Px1 Px2];
+PZ=PX*PZbyX;
+disp(PZ,'P(z1) P(z2):');
diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.9/ex11_9.jpg b/2606/CH11/EX11.9/ex11_9.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..387864f07 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.9/ex11_9.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH11/EX11.9/ex11_9.sce b/2606/CH11/EX11.9/ex11_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1390e7687 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH11/EX11.9/ex11_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Page Number: 11.17
+//Example 11.9
+clc;
+//Given
+p=0.2;
+Px1=0.5;
+Px2=0.5;
+//P(X) Matrix
+PX=[Px1 Px2];
+//Given
+PYbyX=[(1-p) p 0;0 p (1-p)];
+//P(y)=
+PY=PX*PYbyX;
+disp(PY,'P(y1) P(y2) P(y3):');
diff --git a/2606/CH3/EX3.7/ex3_7.jpg b/2606/CH3/EX3.7/ex3_7.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..b462ff6ac --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH3/EX3.7/ex3_7.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH3/EX3.7/ex3_7.sce b/2606/CH3/EX3.7/ex3_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9293a4cca --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH3/EX3.7/ex3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Page Number: 3.14
+//Example 3.7
+clc;
+//Given
+
+//(a)efficiency=((u^2)/(2+(u^2)))
+u=0.5;
+n=((u^2)/(2+(u^2)));
+np=n*100;
+disp("%", np, "Efficiney: ");
+
+//(b)nmax,
+//nmax occurs at u=1;
+u1=1;
+nmax=((u1^2)/(2+(u1^2)));
+nmaxp=nmax*100;
+disp("%", nmaxp, "Efficiney max: ");
+
diff --git a/2606/CH3/EX3.8/ex3_8.jpg b/2606/CH3/EX3.8/ex3_8.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..28a98ba51 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH3/EX3.8/ex3_8.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH3/EX3.8/ex3_8.sce b/2606/CH3/EX3.8/ex3_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f1ea94cca --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH3/EX3.8/ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +//Page Number: 3.14
+//Example 3.8
+clc;
+//Given
+//From waveform
+Amax=150;
+Amin=30;
+
+//(a)Modulation index
+u=((Amax-Amin)/(Amax+Amin));
+disp(u,"Modulation Index: ");
+
+Ac=(Amax/(1+u));
+//(b)
+//Carrier Power
+Pc=(Ac^2)/2;
+disp("W",Pc,"Carrier Power: ");
+
+//Side band Power
+PSB=(Amin^2)/2;
+disp("W",PSB,"USB=LSB Power: ");
+
+//Total Average power
+Pt=Pc+(2*PSB);
+disp("W",Pt,"Total Average Power: ");
+
+//(c)Peak Envelope Power
+//Given
+R=60; //Ohm
+PEP=(Amax^2)/(2*R);
+disp("W",PEP,"Peak Envelope Power: ");
+
+//(d) Modulation Efficieny
+n=PSB/Pt;
+disp(n,"Modulation efficieny: ");
+
+//(e) Given
+//(i) u=0.2
+u1=0.2;
+A1=(60/u1)-Ac;
+disp(A1, "A=");
+
+//(ii) u=0.8
+u2=0.8;
+A2=(60/u2)-Ac;
+disp(A2, "A=");
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..2cd688e81 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e2ef21e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Page Number: 4.16
+//Example 4.13
+clc;
+//Given
+//x(t)=10cos((2*pi*10^8*t)+(200cos(2*pi*10^3*t)))
+//on differentiating
+//wi=2*pi*(1D+8)-4*pi*sin(2*pi*(1D+3)*t)
+//Therefore
+delw=4*%pi*(1D+5);
+wm=2*%pi*(1D+3);
+
+B=delw/wm;
+wb=2*(B+1)*wm;
+fb=wb/2*%pi;
+
+disp("rad/s",wb, "Wb");
+
+disp("Hz",fb, "Fb");
+
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..ff1a94b70 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1e40f8888 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//Page Number: 4.17
+//Example 4.14
+clc;
+
+//Given
+delf=100D+3; //Hz
+fc=20D+6; //Hz
+
+//As B=delf/fm;
+//(a) fm1=1D+3hz
+disp('Part a')
+fm1=1D+3; //Hz
+B1=delf/fm1;
+disp(B1,'Modulation Index');
+
+fb1=2*delf;
+disp('Hz',fb1,'Bandwidth');
+
+//(b) fm2=100D+3hz
+disp('Part b')
+fm2=100D+3; //Hz
+B2=delf/fm2;
+disp(B2,'Modulation Index');
+
+fb2=2*(B2+1)*fm2;
+disp('Hz',fb2,'Bandwidth');
+
+//(c) fm3=500D+3hz
+disp('Part c')
+fm3=500D+3; //Hz
+B3=delf/fm3;
+disp(B3,'Modulation Index');
+
+fb3=2*fm3;
+disp('Hz',fb3,'Bandwidth');
+
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..1a16e95df --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..76a06bc04 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Page Number: 4.17
+//Example 4.15
+clc;
+//Given
+//x(t)=10cos(wct+3sinwmt)
+//Comparing with standard equation
+B=3;
+fm=1D+3; //hz
+fb=2*(B+1)*fm;
+
+//(a)fm is doubled
+fma=2*fm;
+fba=2*(B+1)*fma;
+disp(fba,"fb with 2fm: ");
+
+
+
+//(b)fm is one halved
+fmb=fm/2;
+fbb=2*(B+1)*fmb;
+disp(fbb,"fb with 0.5fm: ");
+
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..4647aac84 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..035107bbd --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Page Number: 4.18
+//Example 4.15
+clc;
+//Given
+//x(t)=10cos(wct+3sinwmt)
+//Comparing with standard equation of fm
+B=3;
+fm=1D+3; //hz
+fb=2*(B+1)*fm;
+
+//B is inversaly proportional to fm
+
+//(a)fm is doubled
+Ba=B/2;
+fma=2*fm;;
+fba=2*(Ba+1)*fma;
+disp(fba,"fb with 2fm: ");
+
+
+
+//(b)fm is one halved
+Bb=2*B;
+fmb=fm/2;
+fbb=2*(Bb+1)*fmb;
+disp(fbb,"fb with 0.5fm: ");
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..e2782686c --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..04d6dc9cf --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Page Number: 4.18
+//Example 4.17
+clc;
+//Given
+fm=2D+3; //Hz
+delf=5D+3; //Hz
+
+//(a) Bandwidth of modulated signal
+B=delf/fm;
+
+fb=2*(B+1)*fm;
+disp('Hz',fb,'Bandwidth');
+
+//(b)Max. frequency deviation and Bandwidth of new signal
+//Given
+fm1=fm-(1D+3);
+delf1=3*delf;
+
+B1=delf1/fm1;
+
+fd=B1*fm1;
+disp('Hz',fd,'Maximum frequency deviation');
+
+fb1=2*(B1+1)*fm1;
+disp('Hz',fb1,'Bandwidth');
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..259399a07 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7cb08b658 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Page Number: 4.19
+//Example 4.18
+clc;
+//Given
+delf=75D+3; //Hz
+fM=15D+3; //Hz
+
+D=delf/fM;
+//Given formula fb=2(D+2)*fM
+fb1=2*(D+2)*fM;
+disp('Hz',fb1,'BW uing formula');
+
+//Carsons Rule
+fb2=2*(D+1)*fM;
+disp('Hz',fb2,'BW uing Carsons Rule');
+
+//High quality Fm radios require minimum 200kHz
+//Therefore, carsons rule underestimates bandwidth
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..2937694f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a4c335411 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Page Number: 4.19
+//Example 4.19
+clc;
+//Given
+fm1=50; //Hz
+fm2=15D+3; //Hz
+
+delf=75D+3; //Hz
+
+//As B=delf/fm
+Bmin=delf/fm2;
+Bmax=delf/fm1;
+
+//Let B1=0.5
+B1=0.5;
+n=(Bmax/B1);
+disp(n,'Multiplication factor');
+
+delf1=(delf/n);
+disp('Hz',delf1,'Max allowed frequency deviation');
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..807beeb78 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fce63ae0c --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Page Number: 4.20
+//Example 4.20
+clc;
+//Given
+f1=2D+5; //Hz
+fLO=10.8D+6; //Hz
+delf1=25; //Hz
+n1=64;
+n2=48;
+
+delf=(delf1*n1*n2);
+disp('Hz',delf,'Maximum frequency deviation');
+
+f2=n1*f1;
+
+f3a=f2+fLO;
+f3b=f2-fLO;
+
+//For f3a
+fca=n2*f3a;
+disp('Hz',fca,'Carrier frequency 1');
+
+//For f3b
+fcb=n2*f3b;
+disp('Hz',fcb,'Carrier frequency 2');
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..0bc8bd346 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8ccf2cc98 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Page Number: 4.20
+//Example 4.21
+clc;
+//Given
+delf=20D+3; //Hz
+fc=200D+3; //Hz
+of=96D+6; //hz
+//delf=n1*n2 and as only doublers are used, n1*n2 has to be power of 2
+//By trail and error, we find
+n1=64;
+n2=32;
+//Output of first Multiplier
+o1=n1*fc;
+disp('Hz',o1,'Output of first multiplier: ');
+i2=of/n2;
+flo=o1-i2;
+disp('Hz',flo,'fLO');
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.22/ex4_22.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.22/ex4_22.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..9beb2e364 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.22/ex4_22.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.22/ex4_22.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.22/ex4_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..790fb9cb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.22/ex4_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Page Number: 4.20
+//Example 4.22
+clc;
+//Given
+B=0.2;
+f1=200D+3; //Hz
+fml=50; //Hz
+fmh=15D+3; //Hz
+delf=75D+3; //hz
+fc=108D+6; //Hz
+
+delf1=B*fml;
+n1n2=delf/delf1;
+
+//Let n2=150
+n2=150;
+flo=((delf*f1)-fc)/n2;
+disp('Hz',flo,'fLO');
+
+n1=n1n2/n2;
+disp(n1, "n1 with n2=150:")
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.23/ex4_23.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.23/ex4_23.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..ce92eea4b --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.23/ex4_23.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.23/ex4_23.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.23/ex4_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..88773c3ad --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.23/ex4_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Page Number: 4.21
+//Example 4.23
+clc;
+//Given,
+
+delfd1=50; //Hz
+f1=120; //Hz
+
+delfd2=20000; //Hz
+f2=240; //Hz
+//(a)PM
+delf1=(f2/f1)*delfd1;
+n1=delfd2/delf1;
+disp(n1,'Frequency multiplication factor in PM');
+
+//(b)FM
+n2=delfd2/delfd1;
+disp(n2,'Frequency multiplication factor in FM');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.29/ex4_29.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.29/ex4_29.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..5b8f26f2c --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.29/ex4_29.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.29/ex4_29.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.29/ex4_29.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..00c86ae20 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.29/ex4_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Page Number: 4.25
+//Example 4.29
+clc;
+//Given,
+f1=108; //MHz
+f2=157; //MHz
+
+//(a) Image frequency overlaps RF band
+fIF=12; //MHz
+
+fL01=f1-fIF;
+disp('MHz',fL01,'fL01');
+fim1=fL01-fIF;
+disp('MHz',fim1,'fim1');
+
+fL02=f2-fIF;
+disp('MHz',fL02,'fL02');
+fim2=fL02-fIF;
+disp('MHz',fim2,'fim2');
+
+//Clearly image and RF band overlap
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..db36e0c00 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a5e576b4f --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Page Number: 4.9
+//Example 4.3
+clc;
+//Given
+fc=1D+6; //Hz
+kf=5;
+mt=1D+5; //Hz
+
+//(a) mi(t) with fm
+mi=(fc+(kf*mt));
+disp("Hz",mi,"Max, Inst. Frequency with FM");
+
+kp=3;
+//(b) mi2(t) with pm
+mi2=fc+(mt*(kp/(2*%pi)));
+
+disp("Hz",mi2,"Max, Inst. Frequency with PM");
diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.jpg b/2606/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..a60837181 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce b/2606/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ca405b7f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Page Number: 4.13
+//Example 4.9
+clc;
+//Given
+delf=20D+3; //hz
+fm=10D+3; //Hz
+
+B=delf/fm;
+disp(B, "Beta: ");
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.14/ex5_14.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.14/ex5_14.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..4478a56ca --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.14/ex5_14.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.14/ex5_14.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.14/ex5_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..226e302ef --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.14/ex5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Page Number: 5.31
+//Example 5.14
+clc;
+//Given,
+Rb=36000; // (b/s)
+fM=3200; //Hz
+fs=2*fM;
+n=Rb/fs;
+//As n should be less than Rs/fs
+
+nn=round(n)-1;
+disp(nn,'Binary digits');
+
+L=2^nn;
+disp(L,'Quantizing level');
+
+fs=Rb/nn;
+disp('Hz',fs,'Sampling Rate');
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.15/ex5_15.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.15/ex5_15.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..cfd3bbba3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.15/ex5_15.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.15/ex5_15.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.15/ex5_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7439c2289 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.15/ex5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Page Number: 5.31
+//Example 5.15
+clc;
+
+mp=1; //Assume peak amplitude is unity
+//Given
+del=0.02*mp;
+
+L=(mp*2)/del;
+
+for (i=0:10)
+ j=2^i;
+ if(j>=L)
+ L1=j;
+ break;
+ end
+end
+n=log2(L1);// bits per sample
+disp(n,'Number of bits');
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.18/ex5_18.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.18/ex5_18.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..f29852cd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.18/ex5_18.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.18/ex5_18.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.18/ex5_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1671189ed --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.18/ex5_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Page Number: 5.31
+//Example 5.18
+clc;
+//Given,
+SbyN=40; //db
+SbyN0=10^(SbyN/10);
+
+//As sbyn=3L^2/2
+L=sqrt((2*(SbyN0))/3);
+LL=round(L);
+
+n=(log2(LL));
+
+nn=(round(n))+1; //Upper limit
+
+disp(nn,'Binary digits');
+LL=2^nn;
+
+disp(LL,'Number of levels');
+//As SQN= 1.76+6.02(n)
+SQN= 1.76+6.02*(nn);
+disp('dB',SQN,'Signal to quantizin ratio');
+
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.19/ex5_19.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.19/ex5_19.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..56a81fe47 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.19/ex5_19.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.19/ex5_19.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.19/ex5_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..13e6f3f47 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.19/ex5_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Page Number: 5.33
+//Example 5.19
+clc;
+//Given,
+n=16;
+Rb=44100; //b/s
+//(a) Output signal to quantizing ratio
+SNQ=1.76+(6.02*n);
+disp('dB',SNQ,'Output signal to quantizing ratio: ');
+
+//(b)Input Bit Rate
+IBR=2*Rb*n;
+disp('B/s',IBR,'Input bit rate: ');
+OBR=2*IBR;
+disp('B/s',OBR,'Output bit rate: ');
+
+//(c)Number of bits recorded
+//Given, an hours time
+//Therefore, time
+t=60*60;
+NBR=OBR*t;
+disp('Bytes',NBR,'Number of bits recorded: ');
+
+//(d) Dictionary
+//Given
+p=1500;
+c=2;
+l=100;
+w=8;
+let=6;
+b=7;
+d=p*c*l*w*let*b;
+disp('Bytes',d,'Number of bits required');
+
+x=NBR/(2*d);
+y=round(x);
+disp(y,'Number of comparable books');
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.22/ex5_22.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.22/ex5_22.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..e553fcb09 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.22/ex5_22.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.22/ex5_22.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.22/ex5_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..056aa26dc --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.22/ex5_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//Page Number: 5.35
+//Example 5.22
+clc;
+//Given,
+f1=200; //Hz
+f2=3300; //Hz
+fs=8000; //Samples/s
+SQN=30; //dB
+
+//(a)Minimum number of quantizin levels and bits per sample
+//From SQN=1.76+20log L
+La=10^((SQN-1.76)/20);
+L=round(La);
+disp(L,'Minimum number of quantizing levels');
+n=log2(L);
+nn=round(n);
+disp(nn,'Minimum number of bits per sample');
+
+//(b)Minimum system bandwidth
+Fpcm=(nn*fs)/2;
+disp('Hz',Fpcm,'Minimum system Bandwidth');
+
+//(c)For u=255
+//SQN=20logL-10.1
+La1=10^((SQN+10.1)/20);
+L1=(round(La1))+1; //Upper Limit
+disp(L1,'Minimum number of quantizing levels for u=255');
+n1=log2(L1);
+nn1=(round(n1));
+disp(nn1,'Minimum number of bits per sample');
+
+//Minimum system bandwidth
+Fpcm1=(nn1*fs)/2;
+disp('Hz',Fpcm1,'Minimum system Bandwidth');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.25/ex5_25.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.25/ex5_25.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..e47bbc08a --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.25/ex5_25.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.25/ex5_25.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.25/ex5_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..35be36218 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.25/ex5_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Page Number: 5.37
+//Example 5.25
+clc;
+//Given,
+fs=32D+3; //Hz
+fm=1000; //Hz
+fM=4D+3; //Hz
+//As SNR=(3*(fs^3))/(8*pi*pi*(fm^2)*fM)
+SNR=(3*(fs^3))/(8*%pi*%pi*(fm^2)*fM);
+SNRdb=(log10(SNR));
+disp('dB',SNRdb,'Output SNR');
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.26/ex5_26.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.26/ex5_26.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..709fadae0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.26/ex5_26.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.26/ex5_26.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.26/ex5_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c2ca78130 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.26/ex5_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Page Number: 5.38
+//Example 5.26
+clc;
+//Given,
+n=4;
+SNQ=1.76+(6.02*n);
+disp('dB',SNQ,'Output SNR');
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.27/ex5_27.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.27/ex5_27.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..74ca35d64 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.27/ex5_27.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.27/ex5_27.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.27/ex5_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7f0e79380 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.27/ex5_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Page Number: 5.38
+//Example 5.27
+clc;
+//Given,
+bw=3D+3; //Hz
+n=3;
+fs=(n*2*bw);
+del=250D-3; //mV
+fm=1000; //Hz
+//(a) Maximum amplitude
+Amax=(del*fs)/(2*%pi*fm);
+disp('V',Amax,'Maximum Amplitude');
+
+//(b) Output signal to quantizing ratio
+SNRO=(3*(fs^3))/(8*%pi*%pi*(fm^3));
+SNRdb=10*(log10(SNRO));
+disp('dB',SNRdb,'Output SNR');
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.32/ex5_32.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.32/ex5_32.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..d2a1ab191 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.32/ex5_32.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.32/ex5_32.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.32/ex5_32.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..36c58945f --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.32/ex5_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Page Number: 5.40
+//Example 5.32
+clc;
+//Given,
+m1=3D+3; //Hz
+m2=3.5D+3; //Hz
+//Since highest frequency is of m2
+Sr=2*m2;
+disp('Samples/s',Sr,'Sampling Rate');
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.33/ex5_33.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.33/ex5_33.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..81d82409c --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.33/ex5_33.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.33/ex5_33.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.33/ex5_33.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ac583aaa7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.33/ex5_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//Page Number: 5.40
+//Example 5.33
+clc;
+//Given,
+m1=3.6D+3; //Hz
+m2=1.2D+3; //Hz
+m3=m2;
+m4=m2;
+//(a)Nyquist rate
+nr1=2*m1;
+disp(nr1,'Nyquist Rate of m1(t)');
+nr2=2*m2;
+disp(nr2,'Nyquist Rate of m2(t)');
+nr3=2*m3;
+disp(nr3,'Nyquist Rate of m3(t)');
+nr4=2*m4;
+disp(nr4,'Nyquist Rate of m4(t)');
+
+//(b) Speed of commutator
+c=nr1+nr2+nr3+nr4;
+disp('samples/s',c,'Speed of commutator');
+
+//(c)Output bit rate
+//Given,
+L=1024;
+n=log2(L);
+OBR=n*c;
+disp('b/s',OBR,'Output bit rate');
+
+//(d)Minimum channel bandwidth
+fB=c/2;
+disp('Hz',fB,'Minimum Channel Bandwidth');
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.34/ex5_34.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.34/ex5_34.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..e9f7d08e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.34/ex5_34.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.34/ex5_34.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.34/ex5_34.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3ef6bd9b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.34/ex5_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Page Number: 5.41
+//Example 5.34
+clc;
+//Given,
+fs=8000; //Hz
+m=24;
+n=8;
+//(a) Duration of each bit
+t1=1/fs;
+t2=(m*n)+1; // Extra bit for synchronization
+Tb=t1/t2;
+disp('seconds',Tb,'Duration of each bit');
+
+//(b) Transmission Rate
+Rb=1/Tb;
+disp('b/s',Rb,'Transmission Rate');
+
+//(c)Minimum transmission bandwidth
+fT1=1/(2*Tb);
+disp('Hz',fT1,'Minimum transmission bandwidth');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.35/ex5_35.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.35/ex5_35.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..0207edcd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.35/ex5_35.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.35/ex5_35.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.35/ex5_35.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..240883caf --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.35/ex5_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Page Number: 5.42
+//Example 5.35
+clc;
+//Given,
+n=24;
+f=3.4D+3; //Hz
+ts=1D-6; //Second
+
+//(a) Spacing between succesive multiplexed pulses
+fs=8000; //Samples per second
+t1=1/fs;
+t2=n+1; //One synchronizing bit
+
+Tb=t1/t2;
+//Actual Tb, as actual duration of each pulse is 1us
+ATb=Tb-ts;
+disp('Seconds',ATb,'Spacing between succesive multiplexed pulses');
+
+
+//(b) Nyquist Rate of Sampling
+f1=2*f;
+T=1/f1; //Seconds
+
+Tb1=T/t2;
+
+ATb1=Tb1-ts;
+disp('Seconds',ATb1,'Spacing between succesive multiplexed pulses using Nyquist rate of sampling');
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.37/ex5_37.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.37/ex5_37.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..4dff9062c --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.37/ex5_37.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.37/ex5_37.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.37/ex5_37.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b4e35a3b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.37/ex5_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Page Number: 5.43
+//Example 5.37
+clc;
+//Given,
+bw=3.5D+3; //Hz
+//Roll off factor
+a=0.25;
+Rb=(2*bw)/(1+a);
+disp('b/s',Rb,'Data Rate');
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.38/ex5_38.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.38/ex5_38.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..ca5cf4c30 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.38/ex5_38.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.38/ex5_38.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.38/ex5_38.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0ba4cdd99 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.38/ex5_38.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Page Number: 5.43
+//Example 5.38
+clc;
+//Given,
+fB=75D+3; //Hz
+Rb=0.1D+6; //B/s
+Tb=1/Rb;
+a=(2*fB*Tb)-1;
+disp(a,'Roll off factor');
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.39/ex5_39.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.39/ex5_39.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..18cc53968 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.39/ex5_39.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.39/ex5_39.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.39/ex5_39.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..223a6ac2c --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.39/ex5_39.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Page Number: 5.43
+//Example 5.39
+clc;
+//Given,
+m=8;
+fM=2D+3; //Hz
+a=0.2;
+//Here we choose L=128;
+L=128;
+n=log2(L);
+Sr=2*fM;
+fs=1.25*Sr;
+
+//For n tdm signals
+x=m*fs;
+
+//Resultant bit rate
+br=7*x;
+
+//Minimum Transmission bandwidth
+fB=((1+a)*br)/2;
+disp('Hz', fB,'Minimum Transmission bandwidth');
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.40/ex5_40.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.40/ex5_40.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..8384c0a7f --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.40/ex5_40.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.40/ex5_40.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.40/ex5_40.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d2f0bbd6d --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.40/ex5_40.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Page Number: 5.44
+//Example 5.40
+clc;
+//Given,
+M=16;
+sr=40000;
+a=0.3;
+//(a) Bit Rate
+n=log2(M);
+br=sr*n;
+disp('b/s',br,'Bit Rate: ');
+
+//(b)
+//As 2*fB=(1+a)*R/log2M
+//Given
+bw=110D+3; //Hz //=2*fB
+
+M=2^(((1+a)*br)/bw);
+MM=round(M);
+disp(MM,'Value of M');
+
+//(c)Band Rate
+band=br/(log2(n));
+disp('Symbols/s',band,'Band Rate');
+
+//(d) Spectral efficiency
+BT=((1+a)*br)/2;
+Eff=br/BT;
+disp('b/s Hz',Eff,'Spectral efficiency');
diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.9/ex5_9.jpg b/2606/CH5/EX5.9/ex5_9.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..5d63a2bab --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.9/ex5_9.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH5/EX5.9/ex5_9.sce b/2606/CH5/EX5.9/ex5_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2d1f8d7af --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH5/EX5.9/ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Page Number: 5.26
+//Example 5.9
+clc;
+//Given,
+//m(t)=10cos(2000*pi*t)cos(8000*pi*t)
+//or 5 cos (6000*pi*t) +5*cos(10000*pi*t)
+//(a) Minimum sampling rate
+//we have
+fM=5000; //Hz
+fs=2*fM;
+disp('Hz',fs,'Minimum sampling rate');
+
+//(b)bandpass sampling theoram
+fu=fM;
+fb=fM-3000; //Hz
+//As fu/fb is 2.5
+//We have
+k=2;
+fs2=(2*fu)/k;
+disp('Hz',fs2,'Minimum sampling rate by sampling theoram');
+
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.14/ex6_14.jpg b/2606/CH6/EX6.14/ex6_14.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..7febdc216 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.14/ex6_14.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.14/ex6_14.sce b/2606/CH6/EX6.14/ex6_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7fc8eeb2a --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.14/ex6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +//Page Number: 6.18
+//Example 6.14
+clc;
+//Given
+p=0.1;
+q=0.2;
+Pm0=0.5;
+Pr1bym0=p;
+Pr0bym1=q;
+
+//(a) Find Pr0 and Pr1
+
+Pm1=1-Pm0;
+Pr0bym0=1-Pr1bym0;
+Pr1bym1=1-Pr0bym1;
+
+//By formula
+//P(r0)=(P(r0/m0)*P(m0))+(P(r0/m1)*P(m1);
+//P(r1)=(P(r1/m0)*P(m0))+(P(r1/m1)*P(m1);
+
+Pr0=(Pr0bym0*Pm0)+(Pr0bym1*Pm1);
+Pr1=(Pr1bym0*Pm0)+(Pr1bym1*Pm1);
+disp(Pr0,'P(r0):');
+disp(Pr1,'P(r1):');
+
+//(b)P(m0/r0)
+//Using Bayes Rule
+//P(m0/r0)=(P(m0)*P(r0/m0)/P(r0))
+Pm0byr0=(Pm0*Pr0bym0)/Pr0;
+disp(Pm0byr0,'P(m0/r0):');
+
+//(c)P(m1/r1)
+//Using Bayes Rule
+//P(m1/r1)=(P(m1)*P(r1/m1)/P(r1))
+Pm1byr1=(Pm1*Pr1bym1)/Pr1;
+disp(Pm1byr1,'P(m1/r1):');
+
+//(d)Probabilty error
+//As Pe=(P(r1/m0)*P(m0))+(P(r0/m1)*P(m1))
+Pe=(Pr1bym0*Pm0)+(Pr0bym1*Pm1);
+disp(Pe,'Probability error:');
+
+//(e)Probabilty that is transmitted correctly
+//As Pc=(P(r0/m0)*P(m0))+(Pr1bym1*Pm1)
+
+Pc=(Pr0bym0*Pm0)+(Pr1bym1*Pm1);
+disp(Pc,'Probabilty that is transmitted correctly:');
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.16/ex6_16.jpg b/2606/CH6/EX6.16/ex6_16.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..ee3ccb903 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.16/ex6_16.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.16/ex6_16.sce b/2606/CH6/EX6.16/ex6_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7eec4f642 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.16/ex6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Page Number: 6.21
+//Example 6.16
+clc;
+//Given
+p=0.4;
+Pp=p;
+q=0.3;
+Pn=q;
+a=1; //i start value
+b=6; //i end value
+//(a)Probabilty that all pulses are positive
+s=1;
+for i=a:b
+ s=s*Pp;
+ end
+disp(s,'Probabilty that all pulses are positive:');
+
+//(b)Pulses are positive ,positive, positive, zero,zero,negative
+Pz=1-(p+q);
+s1=(Pp^3)*(Pz^2)*Pn;
+disp(s1,'Probabilty that all pulses are positive ,positive, positive, zero,zero,negative:');
diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.17/ex6_17.jpg b/2606/CH6/EX6.17/ex6_17.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..814744e65 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.17/ex6_17.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.17/ex6_17.sce b/2606/CH6/EX6.17/ex6_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ed65b6d0d --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.17/ex6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Page Number: 6.21
+//Example 6.17
+clc;
+//Given
+P1=0.6;
+P0=0.4;
+n=5; //Five digit sequence
+j=2; //two outcomes 0 and 1
+
+//(a)1,1,0,0,0
+xf=(factorial(n))/((factorial(j))*(factorial(n-j)));
+s=xf*(P1^j)*(P0^(n-j));
+disp(s,'Probability for 1,1,0,0,0:');
+
+//(b)atleast 3 1's
+//P(X>=3)=1-P(X<=2)
+//Here y=1-x
+x=0;
+for k=0:2
+ f=(factorial(n))/((factorial(k))*(factorial(n-k)));
+ x=x+{f*((P1^k)*(P0^(n-k)))};
+end
+y=1-x;
+disp(y,'Probability for atleast three 1 s:');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.20/ex6_20.jpg b/2606/CH6/EX6.20/ex6_20.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..dcf20523b --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.20/ex6_20.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.20/ex6_20.sce b/2606/CH6/EX6.20/ex6_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..78132ef6c --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.20/ex6_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Page Number: 6.23
+//Example 6.20
+clc;
+//Given
+pe=0.01; //Error probability
+
+//(a) Probabilty of more than one error in 10 recieved digits
+n=10;
+//As P(X>1)=1-P(X=0)-P(X=1)
+//Let x=P(X>1)
+//s=P(X=0)+P(X=1)
+s=0;
+for t=0:1
+ f=(factorial(n))/((factorial(t))*(factorial(n-t)));
+ s=s+{f*(pe^t)*((1-pe)^(n-t))};
+end
+x=1-s;
+disp(x,'Probabilty of more than one error in 10 recieved digits:');
+
+//(b)Using Poisson approximation
+//P(X=k)~[{(%exp)^(-n*p)}*{((n*p)^k)}]/k factorial
+s1=0;
+for k=0:1
+ j=factorial(k);
+ s1=s1+[{exp(-n*pe)}*{((n*pe)^k)}]/j;
+end
+x1=1-s1;
+disp(x1,'Using Poisson Approximation:');
diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.23/ex6_23.jpg b/2606/CH6/EX6.23/ex6_23.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..a1f2eec03 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.23/ex6_23.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.23/ex6_23.sce b/2606/CH6/EX6.23/ex6_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..13aec3daa --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.23/ex6_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Page Number: 6.23
+//Example 6.23
+clc;
+//We find, k=1/(b-a)
+//(b) if a=1 and b=2,P(|x|<c) where c=1/2
+a=-1;
+b=2;
+c=1/2;
+
+k=1/(b-a);
+//P(|x|<c) = P(-c<=x<=c)
+//Let y
+x0=-c;x1=c;
+y=integrate('1','x',x0,x1);
+y1=k*y;
+disp(y1,'P(|x|<c):');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.41/ex6_41.jpg b/2606/CH6/EX6.41/ex6_41.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..97f9b5046 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.41/ex6_41.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.41/ex6_41.sce b/2606/CH6/EX6.41/ex6_41.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e189c87cf --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.41/ex6_41.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Page Number: 6.34
+//Example 6.41
+clc;
+//Given
+n=16; //binary digits
+p=0.01; //Probabilty error due to noise
+
+//(a) Average errors per block
+//E(X)=n*p
+EofX=n*p;
+disp(EofX,'Average errors per block:');
+
+//(b)Varience of errors of block
+//s=n*p*(1-p)
+s=n*p*(1-p);
+disp(s,'Varience of errors per block:');
+
+
+//(c) Probability that number of errors per block is bgeater or equal than 4
+i=4;
+//AsP(X>=4)=1=P(X<=3)
+P3=0;
+for k=0:3;
+ f=(factorial(n))/((factorial(k))*(factorial(n-k)));
+ P3=P3+(f*(p^k)*((1-p)^(n-k)));
+end
+P4=1-P3;
+disp(P4,'Probability that number of errors per block is bgeater or equal than 4:');
diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.7/ex6_7.jpg b/2606/CH6/EX6.7/ex6_7.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..f94433268 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.7/ex6_7.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH6/EX6.7/ex6_7.sce b/2606/CH6/EX6.7/ex6_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3dd719819 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH6/EX6.7/ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Page Number: 6.16
+//Example 6.7
+clc;
+//Given
+//Pdot=2*Pdash and Pdot+Pdash=1
+//Therfore, on solving using linear equations
+a=[1 -2;1 1];
+c=[0;1];
+b=inv(a)*c;
+Pdash=b(1,1);
+Pdot=b(2,1);
+disp(Pdot,'Pdot:');
+disp(Pdash,'Pdash:')
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..5bf47ea59 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..346a93d84 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +//Page Number: 8.6
+//Example 8.1
+
+clc;
+disp('Part a');
+//(a)Given, u1=1W and u2=1mW
+//Change to dBW and dBm
+u1=1D-3;
+u2=1;
+//(i)470mW
+a=470D-3;
+y1=(10*log10(a/u1));
+disp('dBm',y1);
+
+y2=(10*log10(a/u2));
+disp('dBW',y2);
+
+//(ii)1W
+b=1;
+z1=(10*log10(b/u1));
+disp('dBm',z1);
+
+z2=(10*log10(b/u2));
+disp('dBW',z2);
+
+//(iii)100nW
+c=100D-9;
+x1=(10*log10(c/u1));
+disp('dBm',x1);
+
+x2=(10*log10(c/u2));
+disp('dBW',x2);
+
+disp('Part B');
+//(b)Here u1=1W (for dBW)and u2=1mW (for dBm)
+//Change to powers to watts
+//(i)-20dBW
+a=-20;
+k1=u2*(10^(a/10));
+disp('W',k1);
+
+
+//(ii)47dBm
+b=47;
+k2=u1*(10^(b/10));
+disp('W',k2);
+
+
+//(ii)0dBm
+c=0;
+k3=u1*(10^(c/10));
+disp('W',k3);
+
+
+disp('Part C');
+//(c)Given, channel loss=20dB and Pt=1W
+l=-20;
+PT=1;
+PR=10^(l/10);
+disp(PR,'W','Received Power',);
+
+disp('Part D');
+//(d)Given, channel loss=30dB when signal=3dB and overall loss=20dB
+l1=-30;
+s=-3;
+l2=-20;
+q=-l1-s-s+l2;
+d1=10^(q/10);
+disp('dB',q,'=');
+disp(d1);
+
+disp('Part E');
+//(e)Given,
+Si=0; //dBm
+S1=1D-3*(10^(Si/10));
+Ni=1D-7; //W
+
+Osnr=S1/Ni;
+Odb=(10*(log10(Osnr)));
+disp('dB',Odb);
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..01f6f312f --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9140b92b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Page Number: 8.12
+//Example 8.10
+clc;
+
+
+//Given
+K=1.38D-23;
+B=40D+6;
+
+Tant=600; //Kelvin
+Trec=3000; //Kelvin
+
+G=80; //dB
+GG=(10^(G/10));
+
+//Input noise power from antenna
+Nant=K*Tant*B; //W
+disp('W',Nant,'Nant=');
+
+Nrec=K*Trec*B; //W
+disp('W',Nrec,'Nant=');
+
+Nout=(Nant+Nrec)*GG;
+disp('W',Nout,'Reciver Noise Power Output');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..a0ed50188 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9ebcfa114 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +//Page Number: 8.12
+//Example 8.11
+clc;
+
+//We use, F=(F1+(F2-1)/G1)
+//Given
+FA=1.5;
+
+GA=10, //dB
+GAA=(10^(GA/10));
+
+FB=3; //dB
+FBB=(10^(FB/10));
+
+GB=15, //dB
+GBB=(10^(GB/10));
+
+//Case 1: Amp A followed by Amp B
+F11=FA;
+F12=FBB;
+G11=GAA;
+
+F1=(F11+(F12-1)/G11);
+disp(F1,'Gain when Amp A followed by Amp B');
+
+//Case 2: Amp B followed by Amp A
+F21=FBB;
+F22=FA;
+G21=GBB;
+
+F2=(F21+(F22-1)/G21);
+disp(F2,'Gain when Amp B followed by Amp A');
+
+//As F1<F2, Case 1 gives lowest Noise
+
+//Also given,
+T0=20 //degree celsius
+T=T0+273; //Kelvin
+
+//For amplifier A
+TA=((FA-1)*T);
+
+//For amplifier B
+TB=((FBB-1)*T);
+
+//When A is followed by B
+Te1=(F1-1)*T;
+disp(Te1,'Noise temperataure when Amp A followed by Amp B');
+
+//When B is followed by A
+Te2=(F2-1)*T;
+disp(Te2,'Noise temperataure when Amp B followed by Amp A');
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..7d10900bf --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fd482a127 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +//Page Number: 8.13
+//Example 8.12
+clc;
+//Given, Noise figure
+NF=2; //dB
+F=(10^(NF/10));
+
+AG=12; //dB
+A=(10^(AG/10));
+
+//(a)Total Output Noise Power
+
+//Also given,Input signal power
+Pi=1; //W
+
+//Input Noise power Pni
+Pni=100D-3; //W
+
+//Input SNR
+Isnr=Pi/Pni;
+
+//Output SNR
+Osnr=Isnr/F;
+
+//Total output signal power
+Po=Pi*A; //W
+
+//Total output noise power
+N=Po/Osnr; //W
+disp('W',N,'Total Output Noise Power');
+
+//(b)Signal to Noise and disortion ratio
+
+//Given. 2% is disortion
+Di=2/100;
+
+//Total disortion
+D=Di*A; //W
+
+//Useful Power
+S=(1-Di)*A; //W
+
+//As given,SNAD=10*(log10(S+N+D)/(N+D));
+SNAD=10*(log10((S+N+D)/(N+D)));
+disp('dB',SNAD,'SNAD:');
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..d53a0302b --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e5d2447a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Page Number: 8.14
+//Example 8.13
+clc;
+//Given
+Pni=-100; //dBm
+PniW=((1D-3)*(10^(Pni/10)));
+
+To=290; //K
+
+F=1.6; //dB
+NF=(10^(F/10));
+
+//(a) Noise tempertaure of antenna
+//As Te=Pni/K*B;
+K=1.38D-23;
+B=20D+6;
+Te=(PniW/(K*B));
+disp('K',Te,'Noise tempertaure of antenna');
+
+//(b)Effective noise tempertaure
+//Given,
+G=30; //dB
+GdB=(10^(G/10));
+
+Tef=((NF-1)*To);
+disp('K',Tef,'Effective Noise tempertaure');
+
+//Output Noise Pno=K*T(Te+Tef)*B*GdB
+
+Pno=K*(Te+Tef)*B*GdB; //W
+Pno1=(10*(log10(Pno/1D-3)));
+disp('dBm',Pno1,'Output Noise: ');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..59870148b --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3853f3a4b --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +//Page Number: 8.14
+//Example 8.14
+clc;
+//Given
+GG1=20;//dB
+G1=(10^(GG1/10));
+
+FF1=6;//dB
+F1=(10^(FF1/10));
+
+GG2=60;//dB
+G2=(10^(GG2/10));
+
+FF2=16;//dB
+F2=(10^(FF2/10));
+
+LF=3; //dB
+FC=(10^(LF/10));
+GC=1/FC;
+
+//(a)Overall Noise Figure
+//Usinng F=(F1+((F2-1)/G1)+((F3-1)(G1*G2)));
+
+Fa=(F1+((FC-1)/G1)+((F2-1)/(G1*GC)));
+FadB=(10*(log10(Fa)));
+disp('db',FadB,'Overall Noise Figure:');
+
+
+//(b)Noise figure, if pre-amplifier is removed and gain increased by 20dB
+
+Fb=FC+((F2-1)/GC);
+FbdB=(10*(log10(Fb)));
+disp('db',FbdB,'Overall Noise Figure:');
+
+//(c)Change in noise figure
+//Again usinng F=(F1+((F2-1)/G1)+((F3-1)(G1*G2)));
+Fc=(FC+((F1-1)/GC)+((F2-1)/(G1*GC)));
+FcdB=(10*(log10(Fc)));
+
+disp('db',FcdB,'Overall Noise Figure:');
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..a6dcdf669 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..741fad04f --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +//Page Number: 8.15
+//Example 8.15
+clc;
+
+//Given Noise figure
+NF=5; //dB
+F=(10^(NF/10));
+
+Ta=1050; //Kelvin
+
+//(a) Overall Noise Figure
+T=20; // degree Celsius
+To=T+273; //Kelvin
+
+//Effective Noise temperature
+Te=((F-1)*To);
+disp('K',Te,'Effective Noise temperature');
+
+//Overall effective Noise Temperature
+TIN=Ta+Te;
+disp('K',TIN,'Overall Effective Noise temperature');
+
+//Overall noise figure
+ONF=(1+(TIN/To));
+ONFdB=(10*(log10(ONF))); //dB
+
+disp('dB',ONFdB,'Overall Noise Figure:');
+
+
+//(b)Input Signal Power
+//Given Output SNR
+Outsnr=6; //dB
+Osnr=(10^(Outsnr/10));
+
+Isnr=ONF*Osnr;
+
+//Input Noise Power=KTB
+K=1.38D-23;
+B=50000;
+Pni=K*TIN*B; //W
+
+//Input signal Power
+Psi=Isnr*Pni; //W
+PsidBW=(10*(log10(Psi/1))); //dBW
+disp('dBW',PsidBW,'Input signal Power:');
+
+
+//(c)Minimum detectable signal Vmin
+//Given
+Osnr=10; //dB
+R=50; //Ohms
+
+FF1=3; //dB
+F1=(10^(FF1/10));
+
+FF2=5; //dB
+F2=(10^(FF2/10));
+
+GG1=7;
+G1=(10^(GG1/10));
+//Using F=F1+((F2-1)/G1)
+
+Fa=F1+((F2-1)/G1);
+
+Fa1=(10*(log10(Fa)));
+
+//Equivalent Noise Tempertaure
+Te1=((Fa-1)*To);
+disp('K',Te1,'Equivalent Noise temperature:');
+
+//Overall effective Noise Temperature
+TIN1=Ta+Te1;
+disp('K',TIN1,'Effective Noise temperature:');
+
+//Input Noise Power=KTB
+Pni1=K*TIN1*B; //W
+
+//Overall noise figure
+ONF1=(1+(TIN1/To));
+ONFdB1=(10*(log10(ONF)));
+disp('W',ONFdB1,'Overall Noise Figure:');
+
+//Input SNR
+Isnr1=ONF1*Osnr;
+
+//Input signal Power
+Psi1=Isnr1*Pni; //W
+disp('W',Psi1,'Input Signal Power:');
+
+//Now as Vmin^2/R=Psi1
+//Therefore
+Vmin=sqrt(Psi1*R);
+disp('V',Vmin,'Minimum detectable signal Vmin:');
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..a838261cc --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b5d017359 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//Page Number: 8.18
+//Example 8.18
+clc;
+//Given,
+
+Fa=5; //dB
+d=200; //Km
+a=2; //dB/Km
+No=4D-21; //W/Hz
+BW=4000;
+Osnr=30; //dB
+//(a) No repeaters used
+L=d*a; //dB
+disp('dB',L,'Noise figure:');
+
+//As Output SNR=InputSNR/F where F=L*Fa
+//And Input SNR=(Pt/(No*B))
+//Therefore,PT=Output SNR+L+Fa+(No*B)
+
+NoB=10*log10(No*BW);
+
+//Power Transmitted
+Pt=Osnr+L+Fa+(NoB);
+
+PtdB=10^(Pt/10);
+disp('W',PtdB,'Power transmitted with no repeaters');
+
+//(b)20 repeaters are employed
+n=20;
+//F becomes 20F
+//Output SNR=InputSNR/20*F where F=L*Fa
+L1=L/n; //dB per segment
+
+//Power Transmitted
+Pt1=Osnr+L1+Fa+(NoB)+(10*(log10(n)));
+
+PtdB1=10^(Pt1/10);
+disp('W',PtdB1,'Power transmitted with 20 repeaters');
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..7cec52c8b --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5d77e6fd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Page Number: 8.7
+//Example 8.2
+clc;
+//Given,
+R=1000;
+T=27; //degree celsius
+TK=T+273; //kelvin
+
+// We know, rms noise voltage is 4RKTB
+K=1.38D-28;
+B=10;
+
+V=sqrt(4*R*K*TK*B);
+disp('V',V,'Rms noise voltage:');
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.23/ex8_23.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.23/ex8_23.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..fc56e0e12 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.23/ex8_23.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.23/ex8_23.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.23/ex8_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..34c423161 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.23/ex8_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Page Number: 8.23
+//Example 8.23
+clc;
+//Given,
+// S=10D-8*(1-(|f|/10D+8));
+
+
+//(a)Power contenet of output noise
+//Bandwidth of 2MHz centered at 50MHz
+//Therefore, first limits will be
+
+x0=-51D+6;
+x1=-49D+6;
+P1=integrate('1+(f/10^8)','f',x0,x1);
+
+//And,second limits will be
+
+x2=49D+6;
+x3=51D+6;
+
+P2=integrate('1-(f/10^8)','f',x2,x3);
+
+P=10D-8*(P1+P2);
+disp('W',P,'Power content:');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.24/ex8_24.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.24/ex8_24.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..980379776 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.24/ex8_24.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.24/ex8_24.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.24/ex8_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..aac6ea779 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.24/ex8_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Page Number: 8.25
+//Example 8.24
+clc;
+//Given, band limited gaussian noise with psd,
+S=9.6D-5; //W/Hz for |f|<8kHz
+L=100D-3; //H
+R=100; //Ohms
+
+//(a) Noise power at input of filter
+
+x0=-8000;
+x1=8000;
+Pni=S*(integrate('1','f',x0,x1));
+disp('W',Pni,'Noise power at input of filter:');
+
+//Plot
+x=linspace(-8,8,3);
+y=linspace(0,1,1);
+
+plot(x,y);
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..91e387ef5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8b3e7014a --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Page Number: 8.8
+//Example 8.3
+clc;
+
+//Given,
+G=100;
+G1=(10^(G/10));
+
+T=30;
+Te=270;
+
+//We know,output noise power=GKB(T+Te)
+K=1.38D-23;
+B=1.5D+6;
+
+No=G1*1.38D-23*1.5D+6*(T+Te);
+disp('W',No,'Output Noise Power');
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..1e7aa235b --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..018fc0e21 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Page Number: 8.8
+//Example 8.4
+clc;
+
+//Given,
+R=50;
+osnr=0;
+SNRo=(10^(osnr/10));
+disp(SNRo,'Output SNR');
+
+//As Pni=KTB
+K=1.38D-23;
+T=290;
+B=5D+5;
+Pni=K*T*B;
+disp('W',Pni,'Input noise power');
+
+//Psi=V^2/R
+//Given V=5*10^-6V
+V=0.5D-6;
+Psi=(V^2)/R;
+disp('W',Psi,'Signal Power Input');
+
+isnr=(Psi/Pni);
+disp(isnr,'Input SNR');
+
+F=(isnr/SNRo);
+disp(F,'Noise Factor');
+
+NF=10*log10(F);
+disp('dB',NF,'Noise figure');
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..5a04e2073 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5c18b7a4d --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//Page Number: 8.9
+//Example 8.6
+clc;
+
+//Given,Stage 1
+SNRo=120;
+Pni=0.01D-6; //W
+G1=20;
+
+//Stage 2
+F2=12; //dB
+FF2=(10^(F2/10));
+G2=30;
+
+//Stage 3
+F3=9.3; //dB
+FF3=(10^(F3/10));
+G3=35;
+
+//(a)Nosie factor and noise figure of Stage 1
+F=5.6; //dB
+FF=(10^(F/10));
+
+//As F=F1-((F2-1)/G1)-((F3-1)*(G1G2));
+Fa=FF-((F2-1)/G1)-((FF3-1)/(G1*G2));
+disp(Fa,'Noise factor of stage 1');
+
+FadB=(10*(log10(Fa))); //dB
+disp('dB',FadB,'Noise figure of stage 1');
+
+
+//(b)Input signal power of stage 1
+Psi=Pni*Fa*SNRo;
+disp('W',Psi,'Input signal power of stage 1');
+
+
+//(c)Nosie added by stage 1
+N=(Fa-1)*G1*Pni;
+disp('W',N,'Noise added by stage 1');
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..e3840aa10 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..129fa8911 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Page Number: 8.10
+//Example 8.7
+clc;
+
+//Given
+Te=127;//Kelvin
+T=290;//Kelvin
+
+G1=100;
+
+F2dB=12;//db
+F2=(10^(F2dB/10));
+
+F1=1+(Te/T);
+
+F=F1+((F2-1)/G1);
+FF=(10*log10(F));
+disp('dB',FF,'Overall Noise Figure');
+
+//Equivalent Noise Temperature TE
+TE=(F-1)*T;
+disp('K',TE,'Equivalent Noise Temperature');
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.jpg b/2606/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..f13ae4e18 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.sce b/2606/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..807399604 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +//Page Number: 8.11;
+//Example 8.9
+clc;
+
+//(a)Noise Figure
+//Given
+//Loss Fcator
+IL=1.5; //dB
+IL1=(10^(IL/10));
+
+//Noise figure
+F1=1.41;
+G1=1/F1;
+
+G2=10;
+GG2=(10*log10(G2)); //dB
+
+G3=100;
+GG3=(10*log10(G3)); //dB
+
+F2=2; //dB
+F3=2; //dB
+
+FF2=(10^(F2/10));
+FF3=(10^(F3/10));
+
+F=(F1+((FF2-1)/G1)+((FF3-1)/(G1*GG2)));
+FF=(10*log10(F));
+disp('dB',FF,'Noise figure of cascade');
+
+//(b) SNR at output
+//Given
+Pin=-90; //dBm
+Pout=Pin-IL+GG2+GG3; //dBm
+
+//Pn=Gcas*K*Te*B (cascade)
+K=1.38D-23;
+To=290; //Kelvin
+B=1D+8;
+Gcas=GG2+GG3-IL;
+Gcas1=(10^(Gcas/10));
+Pn=K*To*(F-1)*B*Gcas1; //W
+
+Pn1=(10*(log10(Pn/1D-3)));
+disp('dBm',Pn1,'Noise power output:');
+
+SNR=Pout-Pn1;
+disp('dB',SNR,'Signal to Noise ratio:');
+
+//(c)Best Noise Figure
+//G1 after G2 after IL
+
+Fcas=(FF2+((FF3-1)/G3)+((IL1-1)/(G3*G2)));
+Fcas1=(10*(log10(Fcas)));
+
+disp('dB',Fcas1,'Noise figure will be:');
diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.1/ex9_1.jpg b/2606/CH9/EX9.1/ex9_1.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..c06e43e59 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.1/ex9_1.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.1/ex9_1.sce b/2606/CH9/EX9.1/ex9_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cdc678bfe --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.1/ex9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Page Number: 9.10
+//Example 9.1
+clc;
+//Given
+wo=2*%pi*8000;
+n=2D-9;
+//N0=(n/4*%pi)integrate('1/(1+((w/w0)^2))','w',-%inf,+%inf)
+//Which yields
+//Output Noise Power
+N0=(wo*n)/4;
+disp("W",N0,"Output Noise Power: ");
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.10/ex9_10.jpg b/2606/CH9/EX9.10/ex9_10.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..6919f665a --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.10/ex9_10.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.10/ex9_10.sce b/2606/CH9/EX9.10/ex9_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..034d894a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.10/ex9_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//Page Number: 9.17
+//Example 9.10
+clc;
+//Given
+BW=10D+3; //Hz
+SNR=40; //dB
+SNRO=10^(SNR/10);
+P=40; //dB
+PL=10^(P/10);
+n=2D-9; //W/Hz
+USx2=0.5;
+//For DSB, AM and SSB bandwidth requirement
+BTD=2*BW;
+BTA=2*BW;
+BTS=BW;
+disp('Hz',BTD,'Transmission Bandwidth for DSB:');
+disp('Hz',BTA,'Transmission Bandwidth for AM:');
+disp('Hz',BTS,'Transmission Bandwidth for SSB:');
+
+
+//Pt for DSB and SSB
+//As SNRO=Si/nBW
+Si=n*BW*SNRO; //W
+//Considering Channel loss
+ST=Si*PL;
+disp('W',ST,'Power transmission for DSB and SSB:');
+
+//Pt for AM
+//As SNRO=x*Si/nBW
+//x=USx2/(1+USx)
+x=USx2/(1+USx2);
+Si1=(n*BW*SNRO)/x; //W
+//Considering Channel loss
+ST1=Si1*PL;
+disp('W',ST1,'Power transmission for AM:');
diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.13/ex9_13.jpg b/2606/CH9/EX9.13/ex9_13.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..5bc1ac4e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.13/ex9_13.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.13/ex9_13.sce b/2606/CH9/EX9.13/ex9_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..76673f802 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.13/ex9_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +//Page Number: 9.20
+//Example 9.13
+clc;
+//Given
+Mf1=0.003;
+//for f<=1.5D+3 Hz
+f1=1.5D+3; //Hz
+
+Mf2=0.001;
+//for 1.5D+3 <=f<=3D+3 Hz
+f2=3D+3; //Hz
+
+Mf3=0;
+//for f>3D+3 Hz
+
+
+//(a) Ac that power transmitted is 100mW
+St=100D-3; //W
+//As St=2*[{f1*(Mf1*Ac/2)^2}+{f1*(Mf2*Ac/2)^2}+{f2*(Mf3*Ac/2)^2}]
+//Neglecting Mf3 as zero
+Ac=sqrt((4*St)/(2*f1*(Mf1^2+Mf2^2)));
+disp('V',Ac,'Ac for s(t)=100mw:');
+
+//(b)Power in abscence of noise
+Zt=2*[{f1*(((Mf1*Ac)/4)^2)}+{f1*(((Mf2*Ac)/4)^2)}+{f2*(((Mf3*Ac)/4)^2)}];
+disp('W',Zt,'Power in absence of Noise:');
+
+//(c)
+//Given
+N0=0.0001D-3; //W/Hz
+//Psd=N0/4
+//Pt=2*f1*N0/4
+Pt=(2*f2*N0)/4;
+disp('W',Pt,'Power:');
+
+//(d) SNR at output
+SNR=Zt/Pt;
+SNRO=10*log10(SNR);
+disp('dB',SNRO,'SNR at output for SSB:');
+
+//(e)For DSB
+St1=100D-3; //W
+//As St=4*[{f1*(Mf1*Ac/2)^2}+{f1*(Mf2*Ac/2)^2}+{f2*(Mf3*Ac/2)^2}]
+//Neglecting Mf3 as zero
+Ac1=sqrt((4*St)/(4*f1*(Mf1^2+Mf3^2)));
+
+Zt1=4*[{f1*(((Mf1*Ac)/4)^2)}+{f1*(((Mf2*Ac)/4)^2)}+{f2*(((Mf3*Ac)/4)^2)}];
+
+//SNR at output
+SNR1=Zt1/Pt;
+SNRO1=10*log10(SNR1);
+disp('dB',SNRO1,'SNR at output for DSB:');
+
+//3dB increase in SNR
+//DSB has higher SNR but SSB os spectarally efficient
+
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.14/ex9_14.jpg b/2606/CH9/EX9.14/ex9_14.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..7d2d01c64 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.14/ex9_14.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.14/ex9_14.sce b/2606/CH9/EX9.14/ex9_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d614a9ef5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.14/ex9_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Page Number: 9.22
+//Example 9.14
+clc;
+//Given
+delf=75D+3; //Hz
+W=15D+3; //Hz
+Sx=1/2;
+//As SNRO=3(delf/W)^2*Sx*g
+// Assume g=1
+g=1;
+
+SNRO=3*(delf/W)^2*Sx*g;
+SNdB=10*log10(SNRO);
+disp('dB',SNdB,'Output SNR:');
+
+//Hence it is SNdB times better
diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.17/ex9_17.jpg b/2606/CH9/EX9.17/ex9_17.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..6284b05d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.17/ex9_17.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.17/ex9_17.sce b/2606/CH9/EX9.17/ex9_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d3954e2eb --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.17/ex9_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +//Page Number: 9.23
+//Example 9.17
+clc;
+//Given
+oSNR=40; //dB
+SNRO=10^(oSNR/10);
+n=2D-10; //W/Hz
+l=50; //dB
+PL=10^(l/10);
+B=15D+3; //Hz
+Sx=1/2;
+//(a) DSB Modulation
+BTD=2*B;
+disp('Hz',BTD,'Transmission bandwidth for DSB:');
+//As SNRO=Si/(n*B)
+SiD=SNRO*n*B;
+STD=SiD*PL;
+disp('W',STD,'Average Power transmitted for DSB:');
+
+//(b) AM
+U=1;
+U2Sx=U*U*Sx;
+BTA=2*B;
+disp('Hz',BTA,'Transmission bandwidth for AM:');
+//As SNRO=x*Si/(n*B)
+//where x=USx/(1+USx)
+x=U2Sx/(1+U2Sx);
+SiA=(SNRO*n*B)/x;
+STA=SiA*PL;
+disp('W',STA,'Average Power transmitted for AM:');
+
+//(c)PM
+kp=3;
+BTP=2*(kp+1)*B;
+disp('Hz',BTP,'Transmission bandwidth for PM:');
+//As SNRO=kp^2*Sx*Si/(n*B)
+SiP=(SNRO*n*B)/(Sx*(kp^2));
+STP=SiP*PL;
+disp('W',STP,'Average Power transmitted for PM:');
+
+//(d)FM
+D=5;
+BTF=2*(D+1)*B;
+disp('Hz',BTF,'Transmission bandwidth for FM:');
+//As SNRO=3*D^2*Sx*Si/(n*B)
+SiF=(SNRO*n*B)/(3*(D^2)*Sx);
+STF=SiF*PL;
+disp('W',STF,'Average Power transmitted for FM:');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.18/ex9_18.jpg b/2606/CH9/EX9.18/ex9_18.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..d3dffef19 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.18/ex9_18.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.18/ex9_18.sce b/2606/CH9/EX9.18/ex9_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6f5ea69bc --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.18/ex9_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Page Number: 9.24
+//Example 9.18
+clc;
+//(b)Modulation index b
+//Given
+SNdB=30; //dB
+SNRO=10^(SNdB/10);
+//As SNRO=30*b^2*(b+1)
+//Therefore
+p2=poly(0,'x');
+p3 =30*(p2^3)+30*(p2^2)-1000;
+r=roots(p3);
+t=r(3,1);
+disp(t,'Modulation index:');
+
diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.21/ex9_21.jpg b/2606/CH9/EX9.21/ex9_21.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..1b5ba507e --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.21/ex9_21.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.21/ex9_21.sce b/2606/CH9/EX9.21/ex9_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..69d7fac28 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.21/ex9_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Page Number: 9.27
+//Example 9.21
+clc;
+//Given
+BW=5000; //Hz
+P=0.1; //W
+CBW=100D+3; //Hz
+A=80; //dB
+A1=10^(-A/10);
+N0=2*(0.5D-12); //W/Hz
+Pt=10D+3; //W
+
+//We know, CBW=2*(D+1)*BW
+//Therefore
+D=(CBW/(2*BW))-1;
+kp=D;
+Si=Pt*A1;
+Sx=P;
+//We know
+//SNR=((kp^2)*Si*Sx)/(N0*BW);
+
+SNR=((kp^2)*Si*Sx)/(N0*BW);
+SNR1=10*log10(SNR);
+disp("dB", SNR1,"SNR at output: ");
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.4/ex9_4.jpg b/2606/CH9/EX9.4/ex9_4.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..1acaa86ec --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.4/ex9_4.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.4/ex9_4.sce b/2606/CH9/EX9.4/ex9_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..09f890747 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.4/ex9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Page Number: 9.12
+//Example 9.4
+clc;
+//Given
+//(a)
+H1=1;
+H2=(1/2);
+S0=(H1^2)/2;
+w0=-2*%pi;
+w1=2*%pi;
+N0=(0.1/(2*%pi))*2*(integrate('1','w',w0,w1));
+SNR=S0/N0;
+disp(SNR,"SNR: ");
+
+//(b)
+S01=(H1^2*H2^2)/2;
+N01=0.101;
+SNR1=S01/N01;
+disp(SNR1,"SNR1: ");
+
diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.8/ex9_8.jpg b/2606/CH9/EX9.8/ex9_8.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..44a422522 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.8/ex9_8.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.8/ex9_8.sce b/2606/CH9/EX9.8/ex9_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1ad9e434f --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.8/ex9_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Page Number: 9.15
+//Example 9.8
+clc;
+//Given
+p=0.99;
+u=1;
+q=1-p;
+//As exp(-Ac^2/4*n*B)=1-p
+//AndAC^2/2*n*B=S/N
+//Therefore exp(-(1/2)*(S/N))=1-p
+SN=2*(log(1/q));
+SN1=(round(SN)+1); //Upper limit
+disp('db',SN1,'S/N:');
+//Hence proved
diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.9/ex9_9.jpg b/2606/CH9/EX9.9/ex9_9.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..8f2866531 --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.9/ex9_9.jpg diff --git a/2606/CH9/EX9.9/ex9_9.sce b/2606/CH9/EX9.9/ex9_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2ca23024b --- /dev/null +++ b/2606/CH9/EX9.9/ex9_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Page Number: 9.16
+//Example 9.9
+clc;
+//Given
+Si=7D+4;
+u=1;
+BW=4D+3; //Hz
+n=2D-12; //W/Hz
+
+//(a)Minimum value of Ac
+SbyN=40; //dB
+SN=10^(SbyN/10);
+
+Sx=2*[integrate('(x^2)*(-x+1)','x',0,1)];
+//Now
+g=SN/(Sx/(1+Sx));
+//And
+//Ac=sqrt((2*n*BW*g)/(1+(u^2*Sx))
+//We have
+Ac=sqrt((2*n*BW*g)/(1+(u^2*Sx)));
+disp('V',Ac,'Minimum Value of Ac:');
+
+//(b)Threshold value of Ac
+//AS S/N at threshold is 10dB
+SNT=10; //dB
+gT=2*SNT;
+AcT=sqrt((2*n*BW*gT)/(1+(u^2*Sx)));
+disp('V',AcT,'Minimum Value of Ac at Threshold:');
+
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