initial commit / add all books

17 files changed, 331 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/2549/CH2/EX2.7.1/Ex2_7_1.sce b/2549/CH2/EX2.7.1/Ex2_7_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..107725364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH2/EX2.7.1/Ex2_7_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Ex2.7.1

+//reverse saturation current =?

+clc;

+clear;

+If=10*10^-3;

+Vf=0.75;

+T=27;//temp in celsius

+T=T+273;//temp in kelvin

+n=2;//n is emission coefficient for si =2

+k=8.62*10^-5;// boltzmann's constant

+Vt=T*k;//voltage equivalent at given T

+Io=If/(%e^(Vf/(n*Vt))-1);

+disp( 'nA',Io*10^9,'reverse saturation current is :')

diff --git a/2549/CH2/EX2.7.2/Ex2_7_2.sce b/2549/CH2/EX2.7.2/Ex2_7_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d51595e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH2/EX2.7.2/Ex2_7_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex2.7.2

+//reverse saturation current =?

+clc;

+clear;

+If=10*10^-3;

+Vf=0.3;

+T=27;//temp in celsius

+T=T+273;//temp in kelvin

+n=1//n is emission coefficient for Ge =1

+k=8.62*10^-5;// boltzmann's constant

+Vt=T*k;//voltage equivalent at given T

+Io=If/(%e^(Vf/(n*Vt))-1)//diode current equation

+disp( 'nA',Io*10^9,'reverse saturation current is :')

+

diff --git a/2549/CH2/EX2.7.3/Ex2_7_3.sce b/2549/CH2/EX2.7.3/Ex2_7_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9bb8f7f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH2/EX2.7.3/Ex2_7_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Ex2.7.3
+//forward diode current =?
+clc
+clear
+Io=1*10^-9;
+Vf=0.3;
+T=27;//temp in celsius
+T=T+273;//temp in kelvin
+n=1;//n is emission coefficient for Ge =1
+k=8.62*10^-5;// boltzmann's constant
+Vt=T*k;//voltage equivalent at given T
+If=Io*(exp(Vf/(n*Vt))-1)
+disp( 'mA',If*10^3,'forward diode current is :')
diff --git a/2549/CH2/EX2.7.4/Ex2_7_4.sce b/2549/CH2/EX2.7.4/Ex2_7_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..270ff53f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH2/EX2.7.4/Ex2_7_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Ex2.7.4

+//reverse saturation current =?

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+If=1*10^-3;

+Vf=0.15;//forward breakdown voltage of diode 

+T=27;//temp in celsius

+T=T+273;//temp in kelvin

+n=1//n is emission coefficient for Ge =1

+k=8.62*10^-5;// boltzmann's constant

+Vt=T*k;//voltage equivalent at given T

+//expression for reverse saturation current

+Io=If/(%e^(Vf/(n*Vt))-1)//diode current equation

+disp( 'uA',Io*10^6,'reverse saturation current is :')

+

+

diff --git a/2549/CH2/EX2.7.5/Ex2_7_5.sce b/2549/CH2/EX2.7.5/Ex2_7_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19460c9f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH2/EX2.7.5/Ex2_7_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Ex2.7.5

+//calculation of voltage across diode connected in parallel.

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+Io1=1*10^-12;//reverse saturation current for diode1

+Io2=1*10^-10;//reverse saturation current for diode2

+I=2*10^-3;//total current 

+//room temperature

+T=27;//temp in celsius

+T=T+273;//temp in kelvin

+n=1//n is emission coefficient

+k=8.62*10^-5;// boltzmann's constant

+Vt=T*k;//voltage equivalent at given T

+

+//diode current equation If=Ioexp(V/n*Vt-1)

+//arranging diode eq for I=I1+I2 and getting exp for V

+V=n*Vt*log(I/(Io1+Io2));

+disp( 'volt',V,'voltage across diode connected in parallel is :')

+

diff --git a/2549/CH2/EX2.7.6/Ex2_7_6.sce b/2549/CH2/EX2.7.6/Ex2_7_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fac4f56a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH2/EX2.7.6/Ex2_7_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Ex2.7.6

+//calculation of source current connected in parallel.

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+Io=10*10^-9;//reverse saturation current for diode1 and diode2

+V=0.2;// assuming

+T=25;//temp in celsius

+T=T+273;//temp in kelvin

+n=1.1;//n is emission coefficient

+k=8.62*10^-5;// boltzmann's constant

+Vt=T*k;//voltage equivalent at given T

+//diode current equation I=Ioexp(V/n*Vt-1)

+I1=Io*(exp(V/(n*Vt))-1);

+disp('uA',I1*10^6,'current across diode1 is ;')

+I2=Io*(exp(V/(n*Vt))-1);

+disp('uA',I2*10^6,'current across diode2 is ;')

+I=I1+I2;//total current

+disp( 'uA',I*10^6,'total current on diode1 and diode2 or source current is :')

+

diff --git a/2549/CH2/EX2.8.1/Ex2_8_1.sce b/2549/CH2/EX2.8.1/Ex2_8_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5692397ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH2/EX2.8.1/Ex2_8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Ex2.8.1

+//calculation of the reverse and forward dynamic resistance.

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+Io=1*10^-6;//reverse saturation current for diode

+Vr=-0.52;//reversed voltage

+Vf=0.52;//forward voltage  

+//room temperature

+T=27;//temp in celsius

+T=T+273;//temp in kelvin

+n=1//n is emission coefficient

+k=8.62*10^-5;// boltzmann's constant

+Vt=T*k;//voltage equivalent at given T

+Rf=n*Vt/(Io*exp(Vf/(n*Vt)));//dynamic resistance in forward biased condition

+disp('ohm',Rf,'dynamic resistance in forward biased condition is :')

+Rr=n*Vt/(Io*exp(Vr/(n*Vt)));//dynamic resistance in reverse biased condition

+disp('ohm',Rr,'dynamic resistance in reverse biased condition is :')

+

+

+

diff --git a/2549/CH2/EX2.8.2/Ex2_8_2.sce b/2549/CH2/EX2.8.2/Ex2_8_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1ddd960f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH2/EX2.8.2/Ex2_8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Ex2.8.2

+//dynamic forward resistance r=?

+

+clc;

+clear;

+Io=0;// negligible

+I=1*10^-3;//dc current

+//at room temperature

+T=27;//temp in celsius

+T=T+273;//temp in kelvin

+n=2;//n is emission coefficient for Si

+k=8.62*10^-5;// boltzmann's constant

+Vt=T*k;//voltage equivalent at given T

+R=n*Vt/(I+Io);// exp for dynamic resistance of diode

+disp( 'ohm',R,'forward dynamic resistance is :')

diff --git a/2549/CH2/EX2.9.1/Ex2_9_1.sce b/2549/CH2/EX2.9.1/Ex2_9_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f13c389f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH2/EX2.9.1/Ex2_9_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Ex2.9.1

+//calculation of the width of depletion layer

+clc;

+clear;

+Na=4*10^20;//accepter impurity atom concentration per m3

+Vj=0.2;//contact potential

+V=-1;//applied reverse voltage

+V1=-5;

+epslnR=16;//for Ge

+epslnO=8.854*10^-12;//permittivity of free space

+epsln=epslnR*epslnO;//permittivity of semiconductor

+q=1.6*10^-19;//charge

+W=sqrt((2*epsln*(Vj-V))/(q*Na))//expression for width of depletion layer

+disp('um',W*10^6,'width of depletion layer is when V=-1')

+W=sqrt((2*epsln*(Vj-V1))/(q*Na))

+disp('um',W*10^6,'width of depletion layer is when V=-5')

diff --git a/2549/CH2/EX2.9.2/Ex2_9_2.sce b/2549/CH2/EX2.9.2/Ex2_9_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c26a5975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH2/EX2.9.2/Ex2_9_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Ex2.9.2

+//calculation of transition capacitance

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+W=2.38*10^-6; //width of depletion layer for V=-1

+W1=4.8*10^-6;//width of depletion layer for V=-5

+A=0.8*10^-6;//area of junction

+epslnR=16;//for Ge

+epslnO=8.854*10^-12;//permittivity of free space

+epsln=epslnR*epslnO;//permittivity of semiconductor

+Ct=(epsln*A)/W;

+disp('pf',Ct*10^12,'transition capacitance Ct for V=-1 is:')

+Ct1=(epsln*A)/W1;

+disp('pf',Ct1*10^12,'transition capacitance Ct1 for V=-5 is:')

+disp('The answer shows that Transition Capacitance Ct decrease with increase in Reverse Voltage')

diff --git a/2549/CH3/EX3.4.2/Ex3_4_2.sce b/2549/CH3/EX3.4.2/Ex3_4_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46f2a378a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH3/EX3.4.2/Ex3_4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//Ex3.4.2

+//calculation of parameter for half wave rectifier ckt

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+Rs=5;//resistance of transformer secondary winding

+Rf=50;//forward resistance of diode

+Rl=1000;//load resistance

+N=1/4;//ratio of no. of turns secondary to primary winding (Ns/Np)

+V=240;//input ac voltage

+Vs_rms=N*V;//rms secondary voltage

+Vm=sqrt(2)*Vs_rms;//peak secondary voltage

+Im=Vm/(Rs+Rf+Rl);//peak load current

+Il_dc=Im/%pi;//avg load current

+Vl_dc=Il_dc*Rl;//avg load voltage

+disp('Part(1)');

+disp('Ampere',Il_dc,'Average load Current is :');

+disp('Volt',Vl_dc,'Average load Voltage is :');

+Il_rms=Im/2;//rms load current

+Vl_rms=Il_rms*Rl;//rms load voltage

+disp('Part(2)');

+disp('Ampere',Il_rms,'rms load Current is :');

+disp('Volt',Vl_rms,'rms load Voltage is :');

+Pl_dc=(Il_dc^2)*Rl;//dc load power

+Is_rms=Il_rms;//Is_rms is secondary rms current

+Pac=(Is_rms^2)*(Rs+Rf+Rl);//ac input power

+disp('Part(3)');

+disp('Watt',Pl_dc,'DC load Power is :');

+disp('Watt',Pac,'AC input Power is :');

+n=(Pl_dc/Pac)*100;//rectification efficiency

+disp('Part(4)');

+disp('%',n,'Rectification Efficiency is :')

+TUF=(Pl_dc/(Vs_rms*Is_rms))*100;

+disp('Part(5)')

+disp('%',TUF,'Tranformer Utilization Factor is:')

diff --git a/2549/CH3/EX3.5.2/Ex3_5_2.sce b/2549/CH3/EX3.5.2/Ex3_5_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d06a4790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH3/EX3.5.2/Ex3_5_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Ex3.5.2

+//calculation of parameter for full wave rectifier ckt

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+Rs=10;//resistance of transformer secondary winding

+Rf=5;//forward resistance of diode

+Rl=100;//load resistance

+N=1/2;//ratio of no. of turns secondary to primary winding (Ns/Np)

+V=240;//input ac voltage

+Vs_rms=N*V;//rms secondary voltage

+Vm=sqrt(2)*Vs_rms;//peak secondary voltage

+Il_dc=2*Vm/(%pi*(Rs+Rf+Rl));//avg load current

+Vnl=2*Vm/%pi;//avg load voltage at no load

+disp('****Part(1)');

+disp('mA',Il_dc*10^3,'Average load Current is :');

+disp('****Part(2)');

+disp('Volt',Vnl,'Average load Voltage at No Load is :');

+Vfl=Il_dc*Rl;//Average Load Voltage at Full load

+disp('****Part(3)');

+disp('Volt',Vfl,'Average load Voltage at Full Load is :');

+%LR=((Vnl-Vfl)/Vfl)*100;//load regulation

+disp('****Part(4)');

+disp('%',%LR,'% Load Regulation is :');

+n=(8/%pi^2)*(Rl/(Rs+Rf+Rl))*100;//rectification efficiency

+disp('****Part(5)');

+disp('%',n,'Rectification Efficiency is :')

diff --git a/2549/CH3/EX3.5.3/Ex3_5_3.sce b/2549/CH3/EX3.5.3/Ex3_5_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0880dcc01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH3/EX3.5.3/Ex3_5_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//Ex3.5.3

+//calculation of parameter for full wave rectifier ckt

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+Rs=1;//resistance of transformer secondary winding

+Rf=0.5;//forward resistance of diode

+Rl=20;//load resistance

+Il_dc=100*10^-3;//dc current

+Im=(%pi*Il_dc)/2;//peak current

+Vm=Im*(Rs+Rf+Rl);//peak voltage

+Vs_rms=Vm/sqrt(2);//rms secondary voltage

+disp('***Part(1)');

+disp('Volt',Vs_rms,'rms secondary Voltage is :');

+Pl_dc=(Il_dc^2)*Rl;//dc load power

+disp('***Part(2)');

+disp('Watt',Pl_dc,'dc power supplied to Load is :');

+PIV=2*Vm;

+disp('***Part(3)');

+disp('Volt',PIV,'Peak Inverse Voltage of each diode is :');

+Pac=Vm^2/(2*(Rs+Rf+Rl));

+disp('***Part(4)');

+disp('Watt',Pac,'AC Input Power is :');

+n=(Pl_dc/Pac)*100;

+disp('***Part(5)');

+disp('%',n,'Conversion efficiency is :');

+

+

diff --git a/2549/CH3/EX3.5.4/Ex3_5_4.sce b/2549/CH3/EX3.5.4/Ex3_5_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c3922c78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH3/EX3.5.4/Ex3_5_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//Ex3.5.4

+//calculation of parameter for full wave rectifier ckt

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+Pl_dc=100;// dc load power in watt

+Vl_dc=10;//dc Voltage

+Vs=230;//supply voltage

+Il_dc=Pl_dc/Vl_dc;

+disp('***Part(1)');

+disp('Ampere',Il_dc,'dc load current is :');

+Vm=(%pi*Vl_dc)/2;//peak Voltage

+Vs_rms=Vm/sqrt(2);//rms secondary voltage

+disp('***Part(2)');

+disp('Volt',Vs_rms,'rms secondary Voltage is :');

+Im=(Il_dc*%pi)/2;//peak current

+Is_rms=Im/sqrt(2);

+disp('***Part(3)');

+disp('Watt',Is_rms,'rms secondary current is :');

+TUF=Pl_dc/(Is_rms*Vs_rms)*100;

+disp('***Part(4)');

+disp('%',TUF,'Transformer Utilization Factor is :');

+n=Vs/Vs_rms;//n=N1/N2 turns ratio primary to secondary

+disp('***Part(5)');

+disp('Watt',n,'Turns ratio is :');

+

+

+

diff --git a/2549/CH3/EX3.5.5/Ex3_5_5.sce b/2549/CH3/EX3.5.5/Ex3_5_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7bb865f77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH3/EX3.5.5/Ex3_5_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex3.5.5

+//calculation of necessary ac input power for HWR and FWR

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+Pl_dc=500;//dc load power

+n_HWR=0.4;//efficiency for half wave rectifier

+n_FWR=0.812// efficiency for full wave rectifier

+Pac_HWR=Pl_dc/n_HWR;

+disp('**** half wave rectifier ****')

+disp('Watt',Pac_HWR,'necessary ac input power is :')

+Pac_FWR=Pl_dc/n_FWR;

+disp('**** full wave rectifier ****')

+disp('Watt',Pac_FWR,'necessary ac input power is :')

diff --git a/2549/CH3/EX3.6.1/Ex3_6_1.sce b/2549/CH3/EX3.6.1/Ex3_6_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01e7ec979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH3/EX3.6.1/Ex3_6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Ex3.6.1

+//calculation of average load voltge bridge rectifier ckt

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+N=1/2;//ratio of no. of turns secondary to primary winding (Ns/Np)

+V=230;//input ac voltage

+Vs_rms=N*V;//rms secondary voltage

+Vm=sqrt(2)*Vs_rms;//peak secondary voltage

+Vl_dc=(1/%pi)*integrate('(Vm-1.4)*sin(Wt)','Wt',0,%pi);//(Vm-1.4) (voltage drop across two diode by 1.4V)

+disp('Volt',Vl_dc,'Average load voltage is :')

diff --git a/2549/CH3/EX3.6.3/Ex3_6_3.sce b/2549/CH3/EX3.6.3/Ex3_6_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ce3f7524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2549/CH3/EX3.6.3/Ex3_6_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Ex3.6.3

+//calculation of parameter for bridge rectifier ckt

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+N=1/4;//ratio of no. of turns secondary to primary winding (Ns/Np)

+V=220;//input ac voltage

+f=50;// frequency

+Rl=10^3;//load resistance

+Vs_rms=N*V;//rms secondary voltage

+Vm=sqrt(2)*Vs_rms;//peak secondary voltage

+Vl_dc=2*Vm/%pi;//avg output voltage

+disp('***Part(1)***');

+disp('Volt',Vl_dc,'Average output Voltage is :');

+Pl_dc=Vl_dc^2/Rl;//dc load power

+disp('***Part(2)***');

+disp('Watt',Pl_dc,'DC load Power is :');

+PIV=Vm;

+disp('***Part(3)***');

+disp('Volts',PIV,'Peak Inverse Voltage is :');

+f0=2*50; 

+disp('***Part(4)***');

+disp('Hz',f0,'Output frequency is :')