initial commit / add all books

20 files changed, 447 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..19ef9e916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Exa 4.1

+format('v',6)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+V_CC = 18;// in V

+V_BB = 6;// in V

+Beta = 75;

+I_CO = 100;// in nA

+I_CO = I_CO * 10^-9;// in A

+R_C = 1;// in k ohm

+R_C = R_C * 10^3;// in ohm

+V_CE = 9;// in V

+I_C = 9;// in mA

+I_C = I_C * 10^-3;// in A

+// I_C = Beta*I_B + (1+Beta)*I_CO;

+I_B = (I_C-((1+Beta)*I_CO))/Beta;// in A

+I_B = I_B * 10^3;// in mA

+disp(I_B,"The value of I_B in mA is");

+V_BE = 0.7;// in V assumed

+R_B = (V_BB-V_BE)/(I_B*10^-3);// in ohm

+R_B = R_B * 10^-3;// in k ohm

+disp(R_B,"The value of R_B for Si transistor in k ohm is");

+V_BE = 0.3;// in V

+R_B = (V_BB-V_BE)/(I_B*10^-3);// in ohm

+R_B= R_B*10^-3;// in k ohm

+disp(R_B,"The value of R_B for Ge transistor in k ohm is");

+V_CEQ= V_CC-I_C*R_C;// in V

+I_CQ= round(Beta*I_B);// in mA

+I_C= V_CC/R_C;// in A

+I_C= I_C*10^3;// in mA

+plot([V_CC,0],[0,I_C]);

+xlabel("V_CC in volts ");

+ylabel("I_C in mA")

+title("DC load line ")

+disp("DC load line shown in figure")

+disp("Q point : "+string(V_CEQ)+" volts, "+string(I_CQ)+" mA")

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.10/ex4_10.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.10/ex4_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6dd44dd05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.10/ex4_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Exa 4.10

+format('v',6)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+V_CC = 18;// in V

+V_BB = 6;// in V

+Beta = 75;

+I_CO = 100;// in nA

+I_CO = I_CO * 10^-9;// in A

+R_C = 1;// in k ohm

+R_C = R_C * 10^3;// in ohm

+V_CE = 9;// in V

+I_C = 9;// in mA

+I_C = I_C * 10^-3;// in A

+// I_C = Beta*I_B + (1+Beta)*I_CO;

+I_B = (I_C-((1+Beta)*I_CO))/Beta;// in A

+I_B = I_B * 10^3;// in mA

+disp(I_B,"The value of I_B in mA is");

+V_BE = 0.7;// in V assumed

+R_B = (V_BB-V_BE)/(I_B*10^-3);// in ohm

+R_B = R_B * 10^-3;// in k ohm

+disp(R_B,"The value of R_B for Si transistor in k ohm is");

+V_BE = 0.3;// in V

+R_B = (V_BB-V_BE)/(I_B*10^-3);// in ohm

+R_B= R_B*10^-3;// in k ohm

+disp(R_B,"The value of R_B for Ge transistor in k ohm is");

+V_CEQ= V_CC-I_C*R_C;// in V

+I_CQ= round(Beta*I_B);// in mA

+I_C= V_CC/R_C;// in A

+I_C= I_C*10^3;// in mA

+plot([V_CC,0],[0,I_C]);

+xlabel("V_CC in volts ");

+ylabel("I_C in mA")

+title("DC load line ")

+disp("DC load line shown in figure")

+disp("Q point : "+string(V_CEQ)+" volts, "+string(I_CQ)+" mA")

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.11/ex4_11.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.11/ex4_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..da3da4af0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.11/ex4_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Exa 4.11

+format('v',5)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+alpha = 0.9;

+I_E = 1;// mA

+I_C = alpha * I_E;// in mA

+// The base current,

+I_B = I_E - I_C;// in mA

+disp(I_B,"The value of base current in mA is");

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.12/ex4_12.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.12/ex4_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..320e69616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.12/ex4_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Exa 4.12

+format('v',5)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+bita = 50;

+I_B= 20;// in µA

+I_B=I_B*10^-6;// in A

+I_C= bita*I_B;// in A

+// The emitter current,

+I_E= I_C+I_B;// in A

+I_E = I_E * 10^3;// in mA

+disp(I_E,"The Emitter current in mA is");

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..96f973d1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Exa 4.13

+format('v',7)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+beta_dc = 90;

+// The base current,

+I_C = 15;// in mA

+I_C = I_C * 10^-3;// in A

+I_B = I_C/beta_dc;// in A

+I_B= I_B*10^6;// in µA

+disp(I_B,"The base current in µA is");

+I_B= I_B*10^-6;// in A

+// The emitter current,

+I_E = I_C + I_B;// in A

+I_E = I_E * 10^3;// in mA

+disp(I_E,"The Emitter current in mA is");

+alpha_dc = beta_dc/(1+beta_dc);

+disp(alpha_dc,"The value of alpha_dc is");

+

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fd0013cb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Exa 4.14

+format('v',5)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+del_ic = 1.8;// in mA

+del_ie = 1.89;// in mA

+alpha = del_ic / del_ie;

+bita = alpha/(1 - alpha);

+// Change in base current,

+del_ib = del_ic/bita;// in mA

+del_ib = del_ib * 10^3;// in µA

+disp(del_ib,"The change in I_B in µA is"); 

+

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..56884ca0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Exa 4.15

+format('v',7)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+bita = 100;

+I_CBO = 4;// in µA

+I_B = 40;// in µA

+// The collector current,

+I_C = (bita * I_B) + ((1+bita) * I_CBO);// in µA

+I_C = I_C * 10^-3;// in msA

+disp(I_C,"The collector current in mA is");

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..28d70f255
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Exa 4.16

+format('v',7)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+//Given data

+I_CEo = 21;// in µA

+I_CBO = 1.1;// in µA

+// Value of beta_dc 

+beta_dc = round((I_CEo/I_CBO) - 1);

+disp(beta_dc,"Value of beta_dc is");

+// The value of alpha_dc 

+alpha_dc = beta_dc/(1 + beta_dc);

+disp(alpha_dc,"The value of alpha_dc is");

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a753cd679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Exa 4.17

+format('v',7)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+I_CBO = 3;//in µA

+I_CBO= I_CBO*10^-3;// in mA 

+I_C= 15;// in mA

+// But it is given that I_C= 99.5% of I_E, SO

+I_E= I_C/99.5*100;// in mA

+alpha_dc= I_C/I_E;

+disp(alpha_dc,"The value of alpha_dc is : ")

+disp(I_E,"The value of I_E in mA is : ")

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..14c41eaf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Exa 4.18

+format('v',5)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+//Given data

+alpha_dc = 0.99;

+I_CBO = 10;// in µA

+I_CBO= I_CBO*10^-6;// in A

+I_E = 10;// in mA

+I_E= I_E*10^-3;// in A

+// The collector current,

+I_C = (alpha_dc * I_E) + I_CBO;// in A

+I_C=I_C*10^3;// in mA

+disp(I_C,"The value of I_C in mA is");

+I_C=I_C*10^-3;// in A

+// The base current,

+I_B = I_E - I_C;// in A

+I_B = I_B * 10^6;// in µA

+disp(I_B,"The value of I_B in µA is");

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2d1a79392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Exa 4.19

+format('v',5)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',9)

+// Given data

+alpha_dc = 0.99;

+I_C = 6;// in mA

+I_C= I_C*10^-3;// in A

+I_CBO = 15;// in µA

+I_CBO= I_CBO*10^-6;// in A

+// The emitter current,

+I_E = (I_C - I_CBO)/alpha_dc;// in A

+// The base current,

+I_B = I_E - I_C;// in A 

+I_B= I_B*10^6;// in µA

+I_B= round(I_B)

+disp(I_B,"The value of I_B in µA is");

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.2/ex4_2.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.2/ex4_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b6ccc2a35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.2/ex4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Exa 4.2

+format('v',5)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+V_BB = 15;// in V

+V_CC = 15;// in V

+I_CO = 0.1;// in µA

+I_CO = I_CO * 10^-6;// in A

+Beta = 60;

+I_B = 50;// in µA

+I_B = I_B * 10^-6;// in A

+V_CE = 8;// in V

+I_C = (Beta*I_B)+((1+Beta)*I_CO);// in A

+I_C =  round(I_C * 10^3);// in mA

+disp("Part (i) : ")

+disp(I_C,"The value of I_C in mA is");

+R_C = (V_CC-V_CE)/(I_C*10^-3);// in ohm

+R_C = R_C * 10^-3;// in k ohm

+disp(R_C,"The value of R_C in k ohm is");

+V_BE = 0.3;// in V

+R_BGe = (V_BB-V_BE)/I_B;// in ohm

+R_BGe = R_BGe * 10^-3;// in k ohm

+disp(R_BGe,"The value of R_B for Ge in k ohm is");

+V_BE = 0.7;// in V

+R_BSi = (V_BB-V_BE)/I_B;// in ohm

+R_BSi = R_BSi * 10^-3;// in k ohm

+disp(R_BSi,"The value of R_B for Si in k ohm is");

+P_RC = ((I_C*10^-3)^2)*(7/3)*10^3;// in W

+P_RC = P_RC * 10^3;// in mW

+disp("Part (ii) : ")

+disp(P_RC,"The power dissipations in RC in mW is");

+// The power dissipations in the transistor 

+P_TRANS = V_CE*I_C;// in mW

+disp(P_TRANS,"The power dissipations in the transistor in mW is");

+disp("Part (iii) : For RC= 1 kΩ, V_CE increase, shifting the Q-point ot right and I_C increase slightly")

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..73f27aa39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Exa 4.20

+format('v',5)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+alpha_dc = 0.98;

+I_CBO = 12;// in µA

+I_CBO = I_CBO * 10^-6;// in A

+I_B = 120;// in µA

+I_B = I_B * 10^-6;// in A

+beta_dc = alpha_dc/(1-alpha_dc);

+// The emitter current,

+I_E = ((1 + beta_dc) * I_B) + ((1 + beta_dc) * I_CBO);//in A

+I_E = I_E * 10^3;// in mA

+disp(I_E,"The value of I_E in mA is");

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f42b4e7c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Exa 4.21

+format('v',7)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+beta_dc = 90;

+// The base current,

+I_C = 15;// in mA

+I_C = I_C * 10^-3;// in A

+I_B = I_C/beta_dc;// in A

+I_B=I_B*10^6;// in µA

+disp(I_B,"The base current in µA is");

+I_B=I_B*10^-6;// in A

+// The emitter current,

+I_E = I_C + I_B;// in A

+I_E = I_E * 10^3;// in mA

+disp(I_E,"The Emitter current in mA is");

+alpha_dc = beta_dc/(1+beta_dc);

+disp(alpha_dc,"The value of alpha_dc is");

+

+// Note: There is printing mistake in the book in this example.

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ae1325b54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Exa 4.3

+format('v',6)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+V_CE = 9;// in V

+R_C = 10;// in Mohm

+R_C = R_C * 10^6;// in ohm

+V = 10;// in V

+I_CEO = (V - V_CE)/R_C;// in A

+// When R_C is changed to 10 k ohm

+R_C = 10;// in k ohm

+R_C = R_C * 10^3;// in ohm

+V_CE = (V - (I_CEO*R_C));// in V

+disp(V_CE,"The new value of V_CE in V is");

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.4/ex4_4.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.4/ex4_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ab2ecdae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.4/ex4_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Exa 4.4

+format('v',6)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+V_CC = 20;// in V

+V_BB = 10;// in V

+V_BE= 0.7;// in V

+V_CEsat = 0.3;// in V

+R_B = 47;// in k ohm

+R_B = R_B * 10^3;// in ohm

+R_C = 1;// in k ohm

+R_C = R_C * 10^3;// in ohm

+I_C =V_CC/R_C;// in A

+I_C = I_C * 10^3;// in mA

+plot([V_CC,0],[0,I_C]);

+xlabel("V_CE in volts");

+ylabel("I_C in mA");

+title("DC load line")

+I_BQ = (V_BB-V_BE)/R_B;// in A

+Beta = 80;

+I_CQ = Beta*I_BQ*10^3;// in mA

+V_CEQ = V_CC - (I_CQ*10^-3*R_C);// in V

+disp("DC load line shown in figure")

+disp("Q points : "+string(V_CEQ)+" volts, "+string(I_CQ)+" mA")

+I_Csat = (V_CC-V_CEsat)/R_C;// in A

+I_B = I_Csat/Beta;// in A

+V_BE = 0.7;// in V

+R_B = (V_BB-V_BE)/I_B;// in ohm

+disp(R_B*10^-3,"The value of R_B in k ohm is");

+R_C = 500;// in ohm

+V_CE = V_CC - (I_Csat*R_C);// in V

+disp(V_CE,"The value of V_CE in volts is : ")

+disp("The transistor will come out of saturation and enter the active region of the transistors.");

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.5/ex4_5.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.5/ex4_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9655d765e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.5/ex4_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Exa 4.5

+format('v',6)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+Beta_dc = 80;

+V_CC = 25;// in V

+V_BE = 0.7;// in V

+R_B = 180;// in k ohm

+R_B = R_B * 10^3;// in ohm

+R_E = 200;// in ohm

+R_C = 820;// in ohm

+I_B = (V_CC-V_BE)/(R_B+((Beta_dc+1)*R_E));// in A

+I_C = Beta_dc*I_B;// in A

+V_CG = V_CC - (I_C*R_C);// in V

+disp(V_CG,"The voltage between collector and ground in volts is : ")

+V_CEsat = 0.3;// in V

+// V_CC - V_CEsat = I_Csat*R_C + I_Csat/Beta_dc*(Beta_dc+1)*R_E;

+I_C = (V_CC-V_CEsat)/(R_C+R_E);// in A

+//I_B = V_CC - ((I_E*R_E)+V_BE)/R_B = V_CC - ((I_C*R_E)+V_BE)/R_B;

+I_B = (V_CC-I_C*R_E+V_BE)/R_B;// in A

+Beta_dc = I_C/I_B;

+disp(Beta_dc,"The value of Beta_dc on which transistor is saturate is");

+

+// Note: There is some difference between the value of Beta_dc in the book and coding output because the correct values of I_C and I_B are  24.215 mA and 0.1158

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cbb128090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Exa 4.7

+format('v',6)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+Beta_dc = 80;

+V_CC = 25;// in V

+V_BE = 0.7;// in V

+R_B = 180;// in k ohm

+R_B = R_B * 10^3;// in ohm

+R_E = 200;// in ohm

+R_C = 820;// in ohm

+I_B = (V_CC-V_BE)/(R_B+((Beta_dc+1)*R_E));// in A

+I_C = Beta_dc*I_B;// in A

+V_CG = V_CC - (I_C*R_C);// in V

+disp(V_CG,"The voltage between collector and ground in volts is : ")

+V_CEsat = 0.3;// in V

+// V_CC - V_CEsat = I_Csat*R_C + I_Csat/Beta_dc*(Beta_dc+1)*R_E;

+I_C = (V_CC-V_CEsat)/(R_C+R_E);// in A

+//I_B = V_CC - ((I_E*R_E)+V_BE)/R_B = V_CC - ((I_C*R_E)+V_BE)/R_B;

+I_B = (V_CC-I_C*R_E+V_BE)/R_B;// in A

+Beta_dc = I_C/I_B;

+disp(Beta_dc,"The value of Beta_dc on which transistor is saturate is");

+

+// Note: There is some difference between the value of Beta_dc in the book and coding output because the correct values of I_C and I_B are  24.215 mA and 0.1158

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.8/ex4_8.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.8/ex4_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d362f919b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.8/ex4_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Exa 4.8

+format('v',6)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+V_CE = 8;// in V

+I_C = 1;// in mA

+I_C = I_C * 10^-3;// in A

+V_CC = 12;// in V

+Beta = 100;

+R_C = (V_CC-V_CE)/I_C;// in ohm

+I_B = I_C/Beta;// in A

+V_BE = 0.3;// in V

+R_B = ((V_CC-(I_C*R_C))-V_BE)/I_B;// in ohm

+// For Beta= 50;

+V_CE= 9.6;// in V

+I_C= 0.6;// in mA

+R_C= R_C*10^-3;// in k ohm

+R_B= R_B*10^-3;// in k ohm

+disp(R_C,"The value of R_C in k ohm is");

+disp(R_B,"The value of R_B in k ohm is");

+disp("New Q point : "+string(V_CE)+" volts, "+string(I_C)+" mA")

diff --git a/2492/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce b/2492/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c3f9348b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2492/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Exa 4.9

+format('v',6)

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+// Given data

+V_BE= 0.7;

+bita = 100;

+V_CC = 20;// in V

+R_E = 1 * 10^3;// in ohm

+V_CEQ = 10;// in V

+I_CQ = 2* 10^-3;// in A

+S_ICO = 10;

+I_BQ = I_CQ/bita;// in A

+// R_B= R1*R2/(R1+R2)      (i)

+// V_B= R2*V_CC/(R1+R2) (ii)

+R_B= (S_ICO-1)*R_E;// in ohm

+// V_CC= I_CQ*R_C+V_CEQ+(1+bita)*I_C/bita*R_E

+R_C= (V_CC-V_CEQ-I_CQ*R_E)/I_CQ;// in ohm

+I_B= I_CQ/bita;// in A

+V_B= I_B*R_B+V_BE+(1+bita)*R_E*I_B;// in V

+// From eq (i) and (ii)

+R2= (V_B*R_B+R_B*(V_CC-V_B))/(V_CC-V_B);// in ohm

+R1= R2*R_B/(R2-R_B);// in ohm

+R1= R1*10^-3;// in k ohm

+R2= R2*10^-3;// in k ohm

+disp(R1,"The value of R1 in k ohm is : ")

+disp(R2,"The value of R2 in k ohm is : ")