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| author | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
| commit | b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (patch) | |
| tree | ab291cffc65280e58ac82470ba63fbcca7805165 /2309 | |
| download | Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.gz Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.bz2 Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.zip | |
initial commit / add all books
Diffstat (limited to '2309')
86 files changed, 1757 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..607521f92 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 1 Example 1
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+
+P = 1; // for fundamental mode
+t = 0.1*10^-2; // thickness of piezo electric crystal
+E = 80*10^9 // young's modulus
+p = 2654 // density in kg/m^3
+
+//Calculations
+
+f = (P/(2*t))*sqrt(E/p); // frequency of the oscillator circuit
+
+//Output
+mprintf('The Frequency of the oscillator circuit = %e Hz',f);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9f50b408d --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 1 Example 2
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+
+P = 1; // for fundamental mode
+t = 0.1*10^-2; // thickness of piezo electric crystal
+E = 7.9*10^10 // young's modulus
+p = 2650 // density in kg/m^3
+
+//Calculations
+
+f = (P/(2*t))*sqrt(E/p); // frequency of the oscillator circuit
+
+//Output
+mprintf('The Frequency of the vibrating crystal = %3.3f MHz',f/10^6);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..781780c9e --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 1 Example 3
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+
+f = 1.5*10^6; //frequency of ultrasonics in Hz
+d6 = 2.75*10^-3; // distance between 6 consecutive nodes
+
+//Calculations
+d = d6/5; // distance b/w two nodes
+lamda = 2*d; // wavelength in m
+v = f*lamda; // velocity of ultrasonics
+
+//Output
+mprintf('Velocity of ultrasonics = %3.0f m/sec',v);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.a.1/A_Ex1_1.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.1/A_Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5ec56e92d --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.1/A_Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 1 addl_Example 1
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+
+P = 1; // for fundamental mode
+t = 1.5*10^-3; // thickness of quartz crystal
+E = 7.9*10^10 // young's modulus in N/m^2
+p = 2650 // density in kg/m^3
+
+//Calculations
+
+f = (P/(2*t))*sqrt(E/p); // frequency of the oscillator circuit
+
+//Output
+mprintf('The Fundamental Frequency of the Quartz crystal = %3.4f MHz',f/10^6);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.a.2/A_Ex1_2.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.2/A_Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ec900dc1d --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.2/A_Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 1 addl_Example 2
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+
+v = 5000; // velocity of ultrasonics in m/s
+df = 60*10^3; // difference b/w two adjacent harmonic freq. in Hz
+
+//Calculations
+
+d = v/(2*df) ; // thickness of steel plate
+
+//Output
+mprintf('The thickness of steel plate = %f m',d);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.a.3/A_Ex1_3.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.3/A_Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a0ae9fbc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.3/A_Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 1 addl_Example 3
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+
+v = 1440; // velocity of ultrasonics in sea water in m/s
+t = 0.33 // time taken b/w tx and rx in sec
+
+//Calculations
+
+d = v*t; // distance travelled by ultrasonics
+D = d/2; // depth of submerged submarine in m
+
+//output
+mprintf('Depth of submerged submarine = %3.1f m',D);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.a.4/A_Ex1_4.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.4/A_Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2487ac8bc --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.4/A_Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 1 addl_Example 4
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+
+d = 0.55*10^-3; // distance b/w two antinodes
+f = 1.5*10^6; // freq of the crystal
+
+//Calculations
+
+lamda = 2*d; // wavelength
+v = f*lamda; // velocity of ultronics
+
+//Output
+mprintf('Velocity of waves in sea water = %3.0f m/s',v);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.a.5/A_Ex1_5.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.5/A_Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ecfdd2647 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.5/A_Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 1 addl_Example 5
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+
+P = 1; // for fundamental mode
+p = 2660 // density of quartz in kg/m^3
+f = 1300*10^3 // freq of quartz plate for sub division ii
+k = 2.87*10^3
+//f1 = (k)/t // freq for sub division i
+
+//Calculations
+
+//f = (P/(2*t))*sqrt(E/p);
+E = p*4*(k)^2; //Youngs modulus in N/m^2
+t = (P/(2*f))*sqrt(E/p);
+
+
+//Output
+mprintf('Youngs modulus of quartz plate = %e Nm^-2\n Thickness of the crystal = %e m',E,t);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.sce b/2309/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6c1bab4f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 2 Example 1
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+
+A = 4*10^-6; // Receiving area of photo detector
+I = 200; // Intensity in W/m^2
+h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+lamda = 0.4*10^-6; // wavelength of light in m
+
+//Calculations
+v = c/lamda; // frequency
+NOP = I*A/(h*v) // number of photons
+
+//since each photon generates an electron hole pair, the number of photons is equal to number of electron hole pairs
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('Number of electron hole pairs = %e ',NOP);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX1.2/Ex2_2.sce b/2309/CH2/EX1.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5ba4169f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX1.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 2 Example 1
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+Eg = 2.8; // bandgap energy in eV
+h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+q = 1.602*10^-19; // charge of electron
+
+//Calculations
+E = Eg*q // eV to joules conversion
+lamda = h*c/E; // wavelength
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('wavelength = %3.1f Å(Blue Colour)',lamda*10^10);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX1.3/Ex2_3.sce b/2309/CH2/EX1.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..857396cff --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX1.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 2 Example 3
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+lamda = 1.55*10^-6; // wavelength of light in m
+q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron
+
+//Calculations
+Eg = (h*c)/lamda; // band gap energy in joules
+E = Eg/q // bang gap energy in eV
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('Energy bandgap Eg = %3.4f eV',E);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6070b5e76 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 2 Example 4
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+lamda = 4961*10^-10; // wavelength of light in m
+
+//Calculations
+E = (h*c)/lamda; // energy in joules
+N = 1/E
+//Output
+
+mprintf('Number of photons required to do one Joule of work = %3.4e /m^3',N);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9545930ea --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 2 Example 5
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+E = 0.02; // ionisation energy in eV
+h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron
+
+//Calculations
+
+lamda = h*c/(E*q) // long wavelength limit in m
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('long wavelength limit = %3.3e m',lamda);
+
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cba3a1ad2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 2 Example 6
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+E = 1.44; // Bandgap energy in eV
+h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron
+
+//Calculations
+
+lamda = h*c/(E*q) // Wavelength of GaAs laser
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('Wavelength of GaAs laser = %3.1f Å',lamda*10^10);
+
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.1/A_Ex2_1.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.1/A_Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0430db83f --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.1/A_Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 2 addl_Example 1
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34; // planck's constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+lamda = 5890*10^-10; // wavelength of light in m
+q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron
+
+
+//Calculations
+Eg = (h*c)/lamda; // energy in joules
+E = Eg/q // energy in eV
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('Energy of the first excited state = %3.3f eV',E);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.2/A_Ex2_2.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.2/A_Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6dc5115be --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.2/A_Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Chapter 2 addl_Example 2
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34; // planck's constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+lamda = 5890*10^-10; // wavelength of light in m
+k = 1.38*10^-23; // Boltzmann constant
+Tc = 280 // Temperature in centigrades
+
+//Calculations
+T = Tc+273; // temperature in kelvin
+R = 1/((exp((h*c)/(k*T*lamda))) - 1); // ratio of stimulated emission to spontaneous emission
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('The ratio between the stimulated emission and apontaneous emission = %3.3e',R);
+
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.3/A_Ex2_3.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.3/A_Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..71b0cb991 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.3/A_Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 2 addl_Example 3
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34; // planck's constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+lamda = 6328*10^-10; // wavelength of He-Ne laser source in m
+q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron
+P = 3*10^-3 // output power of the He-Ne source in watts or J/sec
+
+
+//Calculations
+v = c/lamda // frequency of the photon emitted by the laser beam
+E = h*v; // energy of a photon in joules
+Po = P*60; // conversion fro J/sec to J/min
+N = Po/E; // No of photons emitted per minute
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('The No. of Photons emitted per minute = %3.3e photons/minute',N);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.4/A_Ex2_4.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.4/A_Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..124b59470 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.4/A_Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 2 addl_Example 4
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34; // planck's constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+lamda = 9.6*10^-6; // wavelength of CO2 laser source in m
+q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron
+P = 10*10^3 // output power of the CO2 laser source in watts or J/sec
+
+
+//Calculations
+v = c/lamda // frequency of the photon emitted by the laser beam
+E = h*v; // energy of a photon in joules
+Po = P*60*60; // conversion fro J/sec to J/hour
+N = Po/E; // No of photons emitted per hour
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('The No. of Photons emitted per hour = %3.3e photons/hour',N);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.5/A_Ex2_5.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.5/A_Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..94309749b --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.5/A_Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 2 addl_Example 5
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34; // planck's constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+lamda = 10*10^-2; // wavelength for microwave region in m
+T = 300 // Temperature in Kelvin
+Kb = 1.38*10^-23 // Boltzmann constant
+
+// Calculations
+// let R = Rsp/Rst
+R = exp((h*c)/(lamda*Kb*T)) - 1; // ratio of spontaneous to stimulated emission
+if R<1 then
+ mprintf('Since the spontaneous emission is lesser than stimulated emission \n hence MASER action is possible at thermal equilibrium' )
+end
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.6/A_Ex2_6.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.6/A_Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..21cd9551a --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.6/A_Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 2 addl_Example 6
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34; // planck's constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+lamda = 5000*10^-10; // wavelength for optical region in m
+T = 300 // Temperature in Kelvin
+Kb = 1.38*10^-23 // Boltzmann constant
+
+// Calculations
+// let R = Rsp/Rst
+R = exp((h*c)/(lamda*Kb*T)) - 1; // ratio of spontaneous to stimulated emission
+if R<1 then
+ mprintf('Since the spontaneous emission is lesser than stimulated emission \n hence LASER action is possible at thermal equilibrium' )
+else
+
+ mprintf('Since the spontaneous emission is more predominant than stimulated emission \n hence LASER action is not possible at optical frequencies under thermal equilibrium' )
+end
+
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.7/A_Ex2_7.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.7/A_Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ed852e781 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.7/A_Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 2 Additional Example 7
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+lamda = 5511.11*10^-10; // wavelength of green LED light in m
+q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron
+
+//Calculations
+Eg = (h*c)/lamda; // band gap energy in joules
+E = Eg/q // bang gap energy in eV
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('Energy bandgap Eg = %3.2f eV',E);
+
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..18e80be0f --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Chapter 3 Example 1
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+n1 = 1.6; // Refractive index of core
+n2 = 1.5; // Refractive index of cladding
+
+// Calculations
+NA = sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2); // Numerical Aperture of optical fiber
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Numerical Aperture of the optical fiber = %3.4f',NA);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..44341b638 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Chapter 3 Example 2
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+n1 = 1.55; // Refractive index of core
+n2 = 1.5; // Refractive index of cladding
+
+// Calculations
+NA = sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2); // Numerical Aperture of optical fiber
+im = asin(NA); // Acceptance angle
+im_d = im*180/%pi // radian to degree conversion
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Numerical Aperture of the optical fiber = %3.4f\n Acceptance angle = %3.2f degrees ',NA,im_d);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..db05fcc6a --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Chapter 3 Example 3
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+NA = 0.26; // Numerical aperture
+n1 = 1.5 ; // Refractive index of core
+d = 100*10^-6; // diameter of the core in m
+
+// Calculations
+n2 = sqrt( n1^2 - NA^2); // Refractive index of cladding
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Refractive index of cladding = %3.4f',n2);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..16e1749ba --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Chapter 3 Example 4
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+n1 = 1.54; // Refractive index of core
+n2 = 1.5; // Refractive index of cladding
+
+// Calculations
+NA = sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2); // Numerical Aperture of optical fiber
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Numerical Aperture of the optical fiber = %3.4f',NA);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.a.1/A_Ex3_1.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.1/A_Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4d7907952 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.1/A_Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 3 Additional Example 1
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+n1 = 1.5; // Refractive index of core
+NA = 0.26; // Numerical aperture
+d = 100*10^-6 // core diameter
+lamda = 10^-6; // wavelength in m
+
+// Calculations
+n2 = sqrt( n1^2 - NA^2); // Refractive index of cladding
+im = asin(NA); // Acceptance angle
+im_d = im*180/%pi // radian to degree conversion
+N = 4.9*(d*NA/lamda)^2; // maximum no of modes
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Refractive index of cladding n2 = %3.4f\n Acceptance angle = %3.2f degrees\n Maximum number of modes that fibre allows = %d ',n2,im_d,N);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.a.2/A_Ex3_2.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.2/A_Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c88bb0f5b --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.2/A_Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 3 Additional Example 2
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+delta = 0.02; // relative refractive index
+n1 = 1.48; // refractive index of core
+
+// Calculations
+NA = n1*(2*delta)^0.5; // Numerical aperture
+n2 = sqrt( n1^2 - NA^2); // Refractive index of cladding
+cri_ang = asin(n2/n1); // critical angle
+cri_ang_d = cri_ang*180/%pi; // critical angle in degrees
+
+// output
+mprintf('Numerical Aperture = %3.3f\n The Critical angle = %3.2f degrees',NA,cri_ang_d);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.a.3/A_Ex3_3.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.3/A_Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..259094e4d --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.3/A_Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Chapter 3 Additional Example 3
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+delta = 0.015; // relative refractive index
+NA = 0.27; // Numerical aperture
+
+// Calculations
+//we know that NA = n1*sqrt(2*Δ)
+n1 = NA/sqrt(2*delta) // refractive index of core
+n2 = sqrt( n1^2 - NA^2); // Refractive index of cladding
+// Output
+mprintf('Refractive index of the core = %3.3f\n Refractive index of the cladding = %3.3f\n',n1,n2);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.a.4/A_Ex3_4.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.4/A_Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..99cff015b --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.4/A_Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Chapter 3 Additional Example 4
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+NA = 0.25; // Numerical aperture
+d = 60*10^-6 // core diameter
+lamda = 2.7*10^-6; // wavelength in m
+
+// calculations
+N = 4.9*(d*NA/lamda)^2; // no of modes for step index fibre
+
+// Output
+mprintf('No. of total modes propagating in a multimode step index fibre = %d',N);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.a.5/A_Ex3_5.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.5/A_Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9e0a5a9be --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.5/A_Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 3 Additional Example 5
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+NA = 0.25; // Numerical aperture
+d = 6*10^-6 // core diameter
+lamda = 1.5*10^-6; // wavelength of laser source
+n1 = 1.47; // refractive index of core
+n2 = 1.43 // refractive index of cladding
+
+// calculations
+NA = sqrt( n1^2 - n2^2); // Numerical Aperture
+N = 4.9*(d*NA/lamda)^2; // no of modes for step index fibre
+
+// Output
+mprintf('No. of total modes propagating in the fibre = %d',N);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c89c85d1c --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 1
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+
+lamda = 3*10^-10; // wavelength of incident photons in m
+theta = 60; // viewing angle in degrees
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+mo = 9.11*10^-31 // mass in Kg
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light
+
+// Calculatioms
+// from Compton theory ,Compton shift is given by
+// lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ)
+
+theta_r = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion
+lamda1 = lamda+( (h/(mo*c))*(1-cos(theta_r))) // wavelength of scattered photons
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Wavelength of Scattered photons = %3.4f Å',lamda1*10^10);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..46656e18a --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 10
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+l = 0.1*10^-9; // side of cubical box
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec
+m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+Kb = 1.38*10^-23 // Boltzmann constant
+
+// Calculations
+// for cubical box the energy eigen value is Enx ny nz = (h^2/(8*m*l^2))*(nx^2 + ny^2 +nz^2)
+// For the next energy level to the lowest energy level nx = 1 , ny = 1 and nz = 2
+nx = 1
+ny = 1
+nz = 2
+E112 = (h^2/(8*m*l^2))*( nx^2 + ny^2 + nz^2);
+
+// we know the average energy of molecules of aperfect gas = (3/2)*(Kb*T)
+T = (2*E112)/(3*Kb); // Temperature in kelvin
+
+// Output
+mprintf('E112 = %3.4e Joules\n Temperature of the molecules T = %3.4e K',E112,T);
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..33cb71fb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 11
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+l = 4*10^-9; // width of infinitely deep potential
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec
+m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+n = 1; // minimum energy
+e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron in columbs
+
+// Calculations
+E = (h^2 * n^2)/(8*m*l^2) // Energy of electron in an infinitely deep potential well
+E1 = E/e // energy conversion from joules to eV
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Minimum energy of an electron = %3.4f eV',E1);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dd61e285a --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 12
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+l = 0.1*10^-9; // length of one dimensional box
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec
+m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+n = 1; // for ground state
+n5 = 6; // n value for fifth excited state
+e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron in columbs
+
+// Calculations
+Eg = (h^2 * n^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // Energy in ground state in eV
+Ee = (h^2 * n5^2)/(8*m*l^2 * e) // Energy in excited state in eV
+E = Ee - Eg; // energy req to excite electrons from ground state to fift excited state
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Energy required to excite an electron from ground state to fifth excited state = %3.2f eV',E);
+//==============================================================================
+
+
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ed7fdd777 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 13
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+l = 0.1*10^-9; // length of one dimensional box
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec
+m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+n = 1; // for ground state
+e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron in columbs
+
+// Calculations
+E = (h^2 * n^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // Energy of electron in eV
+// Output
+mprintf('Energy of an electron = %3.3f eV',E);
+//==============================================================================
+
+
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1c954e4c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 14
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+l = 0.5*10^-9; // width of one dimensional box in m
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec
+m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+n = 1; // for ground state
+e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron in columbs
+
+// Calculations
+E = (h^2 * n^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // Energy of electron in eV
+// Output
+mprintf('Least Energy of an electron = %3.4f eV',E);
+//==============================================================================
+
+
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9b8a1f981 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 2
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+theta = 135; // angle in degrees
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+mo = 9.1*10^-31 // mass in Kg
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+
+// Calculatioms
+// from Compton theory ,Compton shift is given by
+// lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ)
+theta_r = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion
+c_lamda = ( (h/(mo*c))*(1-cos(theta_r))) // Change in wavelength in m
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Change in Wavelength = %3.5f Å',c_lamda*10^10);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..329bbcda0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 3
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+
+lamda = 0.1*10^-9; // wavelength of X-rays in m
+theta = 90; // angle with incident beam in degrees
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+mo = 9.11*10^-31 // mass in Kg
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light
+
+// Calculatioms
+// from Compton theory ,Compton shift is given by
+// lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ)
+theta_r = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion
+lamda1 = lamda+( (h/(mo*c))*(1-cos(theta_r))) // wavelength of scattered beam
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Wavelength of Scattered beam = %3.4f Å',lamda1*10^10);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..283ebbb75 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 4
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron
+V = 150; // potential difference in volts
+
+// Calculations
+
+lamda = h/(sqrt(2*m*e*V)) // de Broglie wavelength
+
+// Output
+mprintf('The de-Broglie wavelength = %d Å',lamda*10^10);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4bedfbd3a --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 5
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron
+V = 5000; // potential in volts
+
+// Calculations
+
+lamda = h/(sqrt(2*m*e*V)) // de Broglie wavelength
+
+// Output
+mprintf('The de-Broglie wavelength of electron = %3.5f Å',lamda*10^10);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ec66d53db --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 6
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+E = 100 // Energy of electron in eV
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+e = 1.6*10^-19 // Charge of electron in Columbs
+
+// Calculations
+
+E1 = E*e // Energy conversion from eV to Joule
+lamda = h/(sqrt(2*m*E1)) // de Broglie wavelength
+
+// Output
+mprintf('The de-Broglie wavelength = %3.3f Å',lamda*10^10);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..15bfefeaf --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 7
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+m = 1.675*10^-27; // Mass of proton in kg
+c = 3*10^8; // velocity of light in m/s
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+
+// Calculations
+
+vp = c/20; // velocity of proton in m/s
+lamda = h/(m*vp) // de-Broglie wavelength in m
+
+// Output
+mprintf('de-Broglie wavelength = %e m',lamda);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0ef4d59a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 8
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+E = 10000 // Energy of neutron in eV
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+m = 1.675*10^-27 // mass of neutron in Kg
+e = 1.6*10^-19
+// Calculations
+
+E1 = E*e // Energy conversion from eV to Joule
+lamda = h/(sqrt(2*m*E1)) // de Broglie wavelength
+
+// Output
+mprintf('The de-Broglie wavelength of neutron = %3.3e m',lamda);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.1/A_Ex4_1.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.1/A_Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2bd406a7e --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.1/A_Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 4 Addutional Example 1
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light
+lamda = 5893*10^-10; // wavelength in m
+P = 100 // power of sodium vapour lamp
+
+// Calculations
+E = (h*c)/lamda; // Energy in joules
+N = P/E // Number of photons emitted
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Number of Photons emitted = %3.4e per second',N);
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.10/A_Ex4_10.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.10/A_Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..59da6ee51 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.10/A_Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 10
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+l = 10^-10 ; // length of one dimensional box in m
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec
+m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+n = 1; // for ground state
+e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron in columbs
+
+// Calculations
+E = 2*(h^2 * n^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // Energy of system having two electrons
+// Output
+mprintf('Energy of the system having two electrons = %3.4f eV',E);
+//==============================================================================
+
+
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.11/A_Ex4_11.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.11/A_Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d53b12988 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.11/A_Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 10
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+b = 40; // angle subtended by final images at eye in degrees
+a = 10 // angle subtended by the object at the eye kept at near point in degrees
+
+// Calculations
+b_r = b*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion
+a_r = a*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion
+M = tan(b_r)/tan(a_r); // magnifying power
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Magnifying power = %3.3f',M);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.2/A_Ex4_2.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.2/A_Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bd7b126d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.2/A_Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 4 AdditionalExample 2
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+
+lamda1 = 0.022*10^-10; // wavelength of scatterd X-rays in m
+theta = 45; // scatterring angle in degrees
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+mo = 9.11*10^-31 // mass in Kg
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light
+
+// Calculatioms
+// from Compton theory ,Compton shift is given by
+// lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ)
+
+theta_r = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion
+lamda = lamda1-( (h/(mo*c))*(1-cos(theta_r))) // incident Wavelength
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Wavelength of incident beam = %3.4f Å',lamda*10^10);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.3/A_Ex4_3.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.3/A_Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9966e5263 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.3/A_Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 3
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+Ei = 1.02*10^6 // photon energy in eV
+theta = 90; // scattered angle in degrees
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+mo = 9.1*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s
+
+// Calculatioms
+// from Compton theory ,Compton shift is given by
+// lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ)
+theta_r = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion
+c_lamda = ( (h/(mo*c))*(1-cos(theta_r))) // Change in wavelength in m
+dv = c/c_lamda; // change in frequency of the scattered photon
+dE = (h*dv)/e // change in energy of scattered photon in eV
+// This change in energy is transferred as the KE of the recoil electron
+Er = dE; // Energy of recoil electron
+Es = Ei - Er // Energy of scattered photon
+
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Energy of the recoil electron = %3.4f MeV\n Energy of the Scattered photon = %3.4f MeV',Er*10^-6,Es*10^-6);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.4/A_Ex4_4.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.4/A_Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c082a7395 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.4/A_Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 4
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+
+lamda = 0.124*10^-10; // wavelength of X-rays in m
+theta = 180; // Scattering angle in degrees
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+mo = 9.11*10^-31 // mass in Kg
+c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light
+
+// Calculatioms
+// from Compton theory ,Compton shift is given by
+// lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ)
+
+theta_r = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion
+lamda1 = lamda+( (h/(mo*c))*(1-cos(theta_r))) // wavelength of scattered X-rays
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Wavelength of Scattered X-rays = %3.4f Å',lamda1*10^10);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.5/A_Ex4_5.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.5/A_Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b495574e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.5/A_Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 5
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron
+V = 2000; // potential in volts
+
+// Calculations
+
+lamda = h/(sqrt(2*m*e*V)) // de Broglie wavelength
+
+// Output
+mprintf('The de-Broglie wavelength of electron = %3.4f Å',lamda*10^10);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.6/A_Ex4_6.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.6/A_Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..42c7a12b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.6/A_Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 6
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+m = 1.678*10^-27 // mass of proton in Kg
+e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron
+Kb = 1.38*10^-23; // boltzmann constant
+T = 300 // Temperature in kelvin
+// Calculations
+
+lamda = h/(sqrt(3*m*Kb*T)) // de Broglie wavelength
+
+// Output
+mprintf('The de-Broglie wavelength = %3.4f Å',lamda*10^10);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.7/A_Ex4_7.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.7/A_Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..16baedcf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.7/A_Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 7
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+// input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+lamda = 3*10^-2; // wavelength of electron wave
+e = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron
+// Calculations
+
+E = (h^2)/(2*m*lamda^2); // Energy in Joules
+E1 = E/e;
+// Output
+mprintf('Energy of the electron E = %3.4e eV\n',E1);
+mprintf(' Note: Calculation mistake in textbook')
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.8/A_Ex4_8.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.8/A_Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a62841469 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.8/A_Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 8
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+// input data
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant
+m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+c = 3*10^8; // velocity of light in m/s
+
+// Calculations
+ve = 0.7071*c // velocity of electron
+lamda = h/(m*ve*sqrt(1-(ve/c)^2)) // de Broglie wavelength
+
+// we know Compton wavelength ,lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ)
+// maximum shift θ = 180
+theta = 180
+theta1 = theta*%pi/180;
+d_lamda = (h/(m*c))*(1-cos(theta1))
+mprintf('de Broglie wavelength = %e m\n',lamda);
+mprintf(' compton wavelength = %e m\n',d_lamda)
+mprintf(' The de-Broglie wacelength is equal to the compton wavelength');
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.9/A_Ex4_9.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.9/A_Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..43c17276a --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.9/A_Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 9
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+l = 10^-10; // side of one dimensional box
+h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec
+m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg
+n1 = 1; // for 1st eigen value
+n2 = 2; // for 2nd eigen value
+n3 = 3; // for 3rd eigen value
+n4 = 4; // for 4th eigen value
+e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron in columbs
+
+// Calculations
+E1 = (h^2 * n1^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // first Eigen value
+E2 = (h^2 * n2^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // second Eigen value
+E3 = (h^2 * n3^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // third Eigen value
+E4 = (h^2 * n4^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // fourth Eigen value
+
+// Output
+mprintf('1st Eigen value = %3.1f eV\n 2nd Eigen value = %3.1f eV\n 3rd Eigen value = %3.1f eV\n 4th Eigen value = %3.1f eV\n',E1,E2,E3,E4);
+//==============================================================================
+
+
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bf59b4231 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 1
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+//Copper has FCC structure
+
+r = 1.273; // Atomic radius in angstrom
+N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole
+A = 63.5; // Atomic weight of copper in grams
+n = 4; // No. of atoms per unit cell for FCC
+
+//Calculations
+r1 = r*10^-10; // Radius conversion from angstrom to m
+a = (4*r1)/sqrt(2); // lattice parameter for FCC
+p = (n*A)/(N*a^3); // Density of copper
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('Lattice Constant a = %3.1e m\n Density of copper = %3.1f kg/m^3',a,p);
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9846717dd --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 10
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+// FCC structured crystal
+
+p = 6250; // Density of crystal in kg/m^3
+N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole
+A = 60.2; // molecular weight
+n = 4; // No. of atoms per unit cell for FCC
+
+//Calculations
+
+a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3);
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('Lattice Constant a = %3.1e m ',a);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..71b35a3bd --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 11
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+// (321) plane in simple cubic lattice
+h = 3; // miller indice
+k = 2; // miller indice
+l = 1; // miller indice
+a = 4.12 // inter atomic space Å
+
+// Calculations
+dhkl = a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); // interplanar distance
+
+// Output
+mprintf('d = %3.2f Å',dhkl);
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b10562ac6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 12
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+// BCC structured crystal
+
+p = 7860; // Density of iron in kg/m^3
+N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole
+A = 55.85; // Atomic weight
+n = 2; // No. of atoms per unit cell for BCC
+
+//Calculations
+
+a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3); //lattice constant
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('Lattice Constant of Fe = %3.3f Å \n',a*10^10);
+mprintf(' Note: density of iron is taken as 7.86 instead of 7860 in calculation')
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4395408db --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 14
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+r = 0.123*10^-10; // Radius of the atom
+
+// Calculations
+a = (4*r)/sqrt(3); // Lattice constant in m For a BCC structure
+V = a*a*a; // Volume of BCC
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Volume of the unit cell = %3.4e m^3',V);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..70ae2432f --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 15
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+a = 0.05; // unit cell edge of an orthorhombic crystal in nm
+b = 0.05; // unit cell edge of an orthorhombic crystal in nm
+c = 0.03; // unit cell edge of an orthorhombic crystal in nm
+Ia = 0.025 // intercept on 'a' in nm
+Ib = 0.02 // intercept on 'b' in nm
+Ic = 0.01 // intercept on 'c' in nm
+
+//Calculations
+
+h = a/Ia; // miller indice h
+k = b/Ib; // miller indice k
+l = c/Ic // miller indice l
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Miller indices (h k l) = (%d %d %d)',h,k,l);
+//==============================================================================
+
+
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3645662ba --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 16
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+// Magnesium has HCP structure
+// for HCF(Hexagonal closed packed structure) consider the relation between 'c' and 'a';
+// c/a = sqrt(8/3) = 1.6329
+//input data
+r = 0.1605*10^-9; // radius of magnesium atom in m
+
+// Calculations
+
+a = 2*r // lattice constant of HCP
+c = a*sqrt(8/3); // relation b/w c and a in HCP
+V = (3*3^0.5)*(a*a*c)/2; //Volume of unit cell in m^3
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Volume of the unit cell of magnesium = %3.3e m^3',V);
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ff8cdc1d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 17
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+// (101),(221) planes in simple cubic lattice
+h1 = 1; // miller indice
+k0 = 0; // miller indice
+l1 = 1; // miller indice
+h2 = 2; // miller indice
+k2 = 2; // miller indice
+l1 = 1; // miller indice
+a = 4.2 // inter atomic space Å
+
+// Calculations
+d101 = a/sqrt((h1^2)+(k0^2)+(l1^2)); // interplanar distance
+d221 = a/sqrt((h2^2)+(k2^2)+(l1^2)); // interplanar distance
+
+
+// Output
+mprintf('d(101) = %3.4f Å\n d(221) = %3.1f Å ',d101,d221);
+//=============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6c19c2acd --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 1
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+//given intercepts 3,4 and ∞, the recipocals of intercepts is
+// (1/3):(1/4):(1/∞)
+// LCM = 12
+// multiplying by LCM we get miller indices
+// miller indices of a plane are the smallest integers of the reciprocals of its intercerpts
+// therefore miller indices(h k l) is (4 3 0);
+
+h = 4; // miller indice
+k = 3; // miller indice
+l = 0; // miller indice
+a = 2; // primitive vector of lattice in angstrom
+
+//Calculations
+
+dhkl = a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); // interplanar distance
+
+//Output
+mprintf('Miller indices = (4 3 0)\n');
+mprintf(' The interplanar distance d = %3.1f Å',dhkl);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..881fa4018 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 3
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+//α-Iron solidifies to BCC structure
+
+r = 1.273; // Atomic radius in angstrom
+N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole
+A = 55.85; // Atomic weight of α-Iron in kilograms
+n = 2; // No. of atoms per unit cell for BCC
+p = 7860; // density in kg/m^-3
+
+//Calculations
+
+// p = (n*A)/(N*a^3); density
+
+a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3); // lattice constant
+a1 = a*10^10; // m to angstrom conversion
+r = (a1*sqrt(3))/4 // atomic radius for BCC
+
+//Output
+mprintf('The Radius of the atom = %3.5f Å\n',r);
+mprintf(' Note : atomic wt taken as 55.58*10^-3 instead of 55.85 in calculation')
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c5e8434f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 4
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+lamda = 1.5418; // wavelength in Å
+h = 1; // miller indice
+k = 1; // miller indice
+l = 1; // miller indice
+n = 1; // given first order
+theta = 30; // diffraction angle in degrees
+
+// Calculations
+theta1 = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion
+// d = (n*lamda)/(2*sinθ); by Braggs law ------------- 1
+// d = a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); interplanar distance ------------ 2
+// equating 1 and 2
+
+a = (n*lamda*sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2))/(2*sin(theta1)))
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Interatomic spacing a = %f Å',a);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5ed750009 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 5
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+h1 = 1; // miller indice
+k1 = 1; // miller indice
+l1 = 1; // miller indice
+h0 = 0; // miller indice
+k0 = 0; // miller indice
+l0 = 0; // miller indice
+
+// calculations
+// dhkl = a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); // interplanar distance
+// assume a = 1(constant) for easier calculation in scilab
+
+a = 1;
+d100 = a/sqrt((h1^2)+(k0^2)+(l0^2)); // interplanar distance
+d110 = a/sqrt((h1^2)+(k1^2)+(l0^2)); // interplanar distance
+d111 = a/sqrt((h1^2)+(k1^2)+(l1^2)); // interplanar distance
+
+// Output
+mprintf('d100 : d110 : d111 = %d : %3.2f : %3.2f',d100,d110,d111);
+
+//==============================================================================
+
+
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..26c15f557 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 6
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+// Aluminium is FCC
+a = 0.405*10^-9; // lattice constant of aluminium
+t = 0.005*10^-2; // thickness of aluminium foil in m
+s = 25*10^-2; // side of square in m
+
+//Calculations
+VUC = a^3; // volume of unit cell
+Val = (s^2)*t // volume of aluminium foil (area*thickness)
+N = Val/VUC // Number if unit cells
+
+//Output
+mprintf('Number of unit cells = %3.3e',N);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7abef37bc --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 7
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+// metallic iron changes from BCC to FCC form at 910 degress
+rb = 0.1258*10^-9; // atomic radius of BCC iron atom
+rf = 0.1292*10^-9; // atomic radius of FCC iron atom
+
+// Calculations
+
+ab = (4*rb)/(sqrt(3)); // lattice constant for BCC
+Vbcc = (ab^3)/2; // volume occupied by one BCC atom
+af = (4*rf)/(sqrt(2)) // lattice constant for FCC
+Vfcc = (af^3)/4; // volume occupied by one FCC atom
+dv = ((Vbcc-Vfcc)/Vbcc)*100 // percentage change in volume
+
+// output
+mprintf('During the structural change the percentage change in volume = %3.4f',dv);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..98a450dca --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 8
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+//Copper Crystallines in FCC structure
+
+p = 8960; // Density of copper in kg/m^3
+N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole
+A = 63.5; // Atomic weight of copper in kg/mol
+n = 4; // No. of atoms per unit cell for FCC
+
+//Calculations
+
+a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3);
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf('Lattice Constant a = %3.4f Å\n',a*10^10);
+mprintf(' atomic wt of copper is taken as 63.5*10^-3 instead of 63.5 in textbook')
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c9da54ece --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 9
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+// (100) planes in rock crystal
+h = 1; // miller indice
+k = 0; // miller indice
+l = 0; // miller indice
+a = 2.814 // lattice constant in Å
+
+// Calculations
+dhkl = a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); // interplanar distance
+
+// Output
+mprintf('d-spacing for (100) plane in rock salt = %3.3f Å',dhkl);
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.1/A_Ex5_1.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.1/A_Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dafec357c --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.1/A_Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 1
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+// Copper has FCC structure
+a = 3.6; // lattice parameter of copper in Å
+
+// Calculations
+
+r = a*sqrt(2)/4; // atomic radius of copper
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Atomic Radius of copper = %3.3f Å',r);
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.11/A_Ex5_11.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.11/A_Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5356c7731 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.11/A_Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 11
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+// (311) plane in simple cubic lattice
+h = 3; // miller indice
+k = 1; // miller indice
+l = 1; // miller indice
+a = 2.109*10^-10 // lattice constant in m
+
+// Calculations
+dhkl = a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); // interplanar distance
+
+// Output
+mprintf('d = %3.3e m',dhkl);
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.12/A_Ex5_12.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.12/A_Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..882807a08 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.12/A_Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 12
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+
+h = 1; // miller indice
+k = 1; // miller indice
+l = 0; // miller indice
+d = 2.86*10^-10 // interplanar distance in m
+
+// Calculations
+a = d*sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); // interplanar distance
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Lattice constant a = %3.3e m',a);
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.13/A_Ex5_13.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.13/A_Ex5_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..04fe09817 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.13/A_Ex5_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 5 Additional Example 13
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+h1 = 1;
+h0 = 0;
+k0 = 0;
+l0 = 0;
+l1 = 1;
+// calculations
+
+// we know that dhkl = a/sqrt( h^2 + k^2 + l^2)
+// let sqrt( h^2 + k^2 + l^2) = p
+p101 = sqrt( h1^2 + k0^2 + l1^2);
+p100 = sqrt( h1^2 + k0^2 + l0^2);
+p001 = sqrt( h0^2 + k0^2 + l1^2);
+
+// output
+mprintf('d101 : d100 : d001 :: a/%3.4f : a/%d : a/%d ',p101,p100,p001);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.14/A_Ex5_14.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.14/A_Ex5_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0917dceef --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.14/A_Ex5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 14
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// if a plane cut intercepts of lengths l1,l2,l3 the on three crystal axes ,then
+// l1 : l2 : l3 = pa : pq :rc
+// where a,b and c are primitive vectors of the unit cell and p,q and r are numbers related to miller indices (hkl) of plane by relation
+// 1/p : 1/q : 1/r = h : k : l
+//since, the crystal is simple cubic a = b = c and given that h = 1, k = 1 and l = 1
+// p : q : r = 1/h : 1/k : 1/l = 1/1 : 1/1 : 1/1
+// p : q : r = 1 : 1 : 1
+//similarly l1 : l2 : l3 = 1a : 1a : 1a
+mprintf('ratio of intercepts on the three axes by (111) plane is l1 : l2 : l3 = 1 : 1 : 1');
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.15/A_Ex5_15.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.15/A_Ex5_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..369fd9d14 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.15/A_Ex5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 15
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+r = 1.246*10^-10; // atomic radius in m
+h1 = 1 // miller indice
+h2 = 2 // miller indice
+k0 = 0 // miller indice
+k1 = 1 // miller indice
+k2 = 2 // miller indice
+l0 = 0 // miller indice
+l1 = 1 // miller indice
+
+// Calculations
+a = (4*r)/sqrt(2); // lattice constant
+d111 = a/sqrt((h1^2)+(k1^2)+(l1^2)); // interplanar distance
+d200 = a/sqrt((h2^2)+(k0^2)+(l0^2)); // interplanar distance
+d220 = a/sqrt((h2^2)+(k2^2)+(l0^2)); // interplanar distance
+
+// Output
+mprintf('d111 = %3.3e m\n d200 = %3.4e m\n d220 = %3.3e m\n',d111,d200,d220');
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.16/A_Ex5_16.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.16/A_Ex5_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3e594a689 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.16/A_Ex5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 16
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+// the intercept along X-axis be c1 = a
+// the intercept along Y-axis be c2 = b/2 and
+// the intercept along Z-axis be c3 = 3c
+// Therefore, p = c1/a = a/a = 1
+// q = c2/b = (b/2)/b = 1/2
+// r = c3/c = (3c)/c = 3
+// therefore h = 1/p = 1
+// k = 1/q = 2
+// l = 1/r = 1/3
+// lcm of 1 1 and 3 = 3
+h = 1
+k = 2
+l = 1/3
+p = [1 1 3]
+s = lcm(p);
+h1= s*h
+k1= s*k
+l1= s*l;
+// Output
+mprintf('(h k l) = (%d %d %d)',h1,k1,l1);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.17/A_Ex5_17.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.17/A_Ex5_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d9c917736 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.17/A_Ex5_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 5 Additional Example 17
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//input data
+
+d = 1.3*10^-10 // interplanar distance
+n = 1; // given first order
+theta = 23; // Bragg reflection angle in degrees
+
+// Calculations
+theta1 = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion
+// d = (n*lamda)/(2*sinθ); by Braggs law ------------- 1
+lamda = (2*d*sin(theta1)/n)
+
+// Output
+mprintf('Wavelength of X-ray = %3.4f Å',lamda*10^10);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.2/A_Ex5_2.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.2/A_Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8842b1458 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.2/A_Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 2
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+// Copper has FCC structure
+
+r = 1.278; // Atomic radius in angstrom
+N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole
+A = 63.54; // Atomic weight of copper
+n = 4; // No. of atoms per unit cell for FCC
+
+//Calculations
+r1 = r*10^-10; // Radius conversion from angstrom to m
+a = (4*r1)/sqrt(2); // lattice parameter for FCC
+p = (n*A)/(N*a^3); // Density of copper
+
+//Output
+
+mprintf(' Density of copper = %3.2f kg/m^3',p);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.3/A_Ex5_3.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.3/A_Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a3aebbff0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.3/A_Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 3
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+// NaCl has FCC structure
+
+ANa = 23; // atomic wt of sodiim
+ACl = 35.45 // atomic wt of chlorine
+N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole
+n = 4 // No. of atoms per unit cell for FCC
+p = 2180; // density in kg/m^-3
+
+// Calculations
+
+// p = (n*A)/(N*a^3); density
+A = ANa+ACl; // atomic wt of NaCl
+a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3); // lattice constant
+r = a/2 // Distance b/w two adjacent atoms
+//Output
+mprintf('Distance between two adjacent atoms is r = %3.2e m',r);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.4/A_Ex5_4.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.4/A_Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c457edfcb --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.4/A_Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 4
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+// iron has BCC structure
+
+r = 1.273; // Atomic radius in angstrom
+N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole
+A = 55.85 ; // Atomic weight of Fe
+n = 2; // No. of atoms per unit cell for BCC
+p = 7860; // density in kg/m^-3
+
+//Calculations
+
+// p = (n*A)/(N*a^3); density
+
+a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3); // lattice constant
+a1 = a*10^10; // m to angstrom conversion
+r = (a1*sqrt(3))/4 // atomic radius for BCC
+
+//Output
+mprintf('The Radius of the Fe = %3.3f Å',r);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.5/A_Ex5_5.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.5/A_Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..53e645382 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.5/A_Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 5
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// input data
+// KBr has FCC structure
+
+N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole
+A = 119; // Atomic weight of pottasium bromide
+n = 4; // No. of atoms per unit cell for FCC
+p = 2700; // density in kg/m^-3
+
+//Calculations
+
+// p = (n*A)/(N*a^3); density
+
+a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3); // lattice constant
+a1 = a*10^10; // m to angstrom conversion
+
+//Output
+mprintf('Lattice constant = %3.1f Å',a1);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.6/A_Ex5_6.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.6/A_Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1092c4743 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.6/A_Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 6
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+// input data
+a = 4.3*10^-10; // Lattice constant in Å
+p = 960; // Density of crystal in kg/m^3
+A = 23; // Atomic wt
+N = 6.023*10^26; // avogadros no in atoms/kilomole
+
+//Calculations
+
+n = (p*N*(a^3))/A; // No. of atoms per unit cell
+
+// Output
+mprintf('No. of atoms per unit cell = %3.0f (BCC)',n);
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.7/A_Ex5_7.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.7/A_Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7492185b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.7/A_Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 7
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+// input data
+// given crystal has BCC structure
+r = 1.2*10^-10; // atomic radius in m
+
+// Calculations
+
+a = (4*r)/sqrt(3); // lattice constant
+V = a^3; // volume of cell
+
+//Output
+mprintf('Volume of the cell = %3.3e m^3',V);
+//==============================================================================
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.8/A_Ex5_8.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.8/A_Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c7444c683 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.8/A_Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 8
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+// input data
+a = 4*10^-10; // lattice constant of the crystal
+h = 1 // miller indice
+k = 0 // miller indice
+l = 0 // miller indice
+
+//Calculations
+
+// in fig consider (100) plane. the no of atoms in plane ABCD
+N = 4*(1/4); // Number of atoms
+p = N/(a*a); // planar atomic density in atoms/m^2
+p1 = p*10^-6 // planar atomic density in atoms/mm^2
+
+//Output
+mprintf('planar atomic density = %3.2e atoms/mm^2',p1);
+//==============================================================================
+
diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.9/A_Ex5_9.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.9/A_Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b49c9923b --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.9/A_Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 9
+//==============================================================================
+clc;
+clear;
+// input data
+// in fig 5(b) the given plane is parallel to X and Z axes.Thus,its numerical intercepts on these axes is infinity
+//The numerical intercept on y axis is 1/2. Thus the numerical intercepts of plane is (∞ 1/2 ∞)
+mprintf('Miller indices of plane shown in fig 5.(b) = (0 2 0)\n');
+// in fig 5(c) the given plane is parallel to Z axis.Thus its numerical intercept on z axis is infinity
+// The numerical intercept on x axis is 1 and y axis is 1/2. this numerical intercepts on plane is (1 1/2 ∞ )
+mprintf(' Miller indices of plane shown in fig 5.(c) = (1 2 0)\n')
+// in fig 5(d) the given plane is parallel to Z axis.Thus its numerical intercept on z axis is infinity
+// The numerical intercept on x axis is 1/2 and y axis is 1/2. this numerical intercepts on plane is (1/2 1/2 ∞ )
+mprintf(' Miller indices of plane shown in fig 5.(d) = (2 2 0)\n')
+//==============================================================================
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