From b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: priyanka Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2015 15:03:17 +0530 Subject: initial commit / add all books --- 2309/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH1/EX1.a.1/A_Ex1_1.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH1/EX1.a.2/A_Ex1_2.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH1/EX1.a.3/A_Ex1_3.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH1/EX1.a.4/A_Ex1_4.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH1/EX1.a.5/A_Ex1_5.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH2/EX1.2/Ex2_2.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH2/EX1.3/Ex2_3.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH2/EX2.a.1/A_Ex2_1.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH2/EX2.a.2/A_Ex2_2.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH2/EX2.a.3/A_Ex2_3.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH2/EX2.a.4/A_Ex2_4.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH2/EX2.a.5/A_Ex2_5.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH2/EX2.a.6/A_Ex2_6.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH2/EX2.a.7/A_Ex2_7.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 2309/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce | 17 +++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 2309/CH3/EX3.a.1/A_Ex3_1.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH3/EX3.a.2/A_Ex3_2.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH3/EX3.a.3/A_Ex3_3.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH3/EX3.a.4/A_Ex3_4.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH3/EX3.a.5/A_Ex3_5.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.a.1/A_Ex4_1.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.a.10/A_Ex4_10.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.a.11/A_Ex4_11.sce | 17 +++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.a.2/A_Ex4_2.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.a.3/A_Ex4_3.sce | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.a.4/A_Ex4_4.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.a.5/A_Ex4_5.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.a.6/A_Ex4_6.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.a.7/A_Ex4_7.sce | 17 +++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.a.8/A_Ex4_8.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH4/EX4.a.9/A_Ex4_9.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.1/A_Ex5_1.sce | 17 +++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.11/A_Ex5_11.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.12/A_Ex5_12.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.13/A_Ex5_13.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.14/A_Ex5_14.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.15/A_Ex5_15.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.16/A_Ex5_16.sce | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.17/A_Ex5_17.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.2/A_Ex5_2.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.3/A_Ex5_3.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.4/A_Ex5_4.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.5/A_Ex5_5.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.6/A_Ex5_6.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.7/A_Ex5_7.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.8/A_Ex5_8.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2309/CH5/EX5.a.9/A_Ex5_9.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 86 files changed, 1757 insertions(+) create mode 100755 2309/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH1/EX1.a.1/A_Ex1_1.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH1/EX1.a.2/A_Ex1_2.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH1/EX1.a.3/A_Ex1_3.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH1/EX1.a.4/A_Ex1_4.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH1/EX1.a.5/A_Ex1_5.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH2/EX1.2/Ex2_2.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH2/EX1.3/Ex2_3.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH2/EX2.a.1/A_Ex2_1.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH2/EX2.a.2/A_Ex2_2.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH2/EX2.a.3/A_Ex2_3.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH2/EX2.a.4/A_Ex2_4.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH2/EX2.a.5/A_Ex2_5.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH2/EX2.a.6/A_Ex2_6.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH2/EX2.a.7/A_Ex2_7.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH3/EX3.a.1/A_Ex3_1.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH3/EX3.a.2/A_Ex3_2.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH3/EX3.a.3/A_Ex3_3.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH3/EX3.a.4/A_Ex3_4.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH3/EX3.a.5/A_Ex3_5.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.a.1/A_Ex4_1.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.a.10/A_Ex4_10.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.a.11/A_Ex4_11.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.a.2/A_Ex4_2.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.a.3/A_Ex4_3.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.a.4/A_Ex4_4.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.a.5/A_Ex4_5.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.a.6/A_Ex4_6.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.a.7/A_Ex4_7.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.a.8/A_Ex4_8.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH4/EX4.a.9/A_Ex4_9.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.1/A_Ex5_1.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.11/A_Ex5_11.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.12/A_Ex5_12.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.13/A_Ex5_13.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.14/A_Ex5_14.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.15/A_Ex5_15.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.16/A_Ex5_16.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.17/A_Ex5_17.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.2/A_Ex5_2.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.3/A_Ex5_3.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.4/A_Ex5_4.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.5/A_Ex5_5.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.6/A_Ex5_6.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.7/A_Ex5_7.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.8/A_Ex5_8.sce create mode 100755 2309/CH5/EX5.a.9/A_Ex5_9.sce (limited to '2309') diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..607521f92 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 1 Example 1 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data + +P = 1; // for fundamental mode +t = 0.1*10^-2; // thickness of piezo electric crystal +E = 80*10^9 // young's modulus +p = 2654 // density in kg/m^3 + +//Calculations + +f = (P/(2*t))*sqrt(E/p); // frequency of the oscillator circuit + +//Output +mprintf('The Frequency of the oscillator circuit = %e Hz',f); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9f50b408d --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 1 Example 2 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data + +P = 1; // for fundamental mode +t = 0.1*10^-2; // thickness of piezo electric crystal +E = 7.9*10^10 // young's modulus +p = 2650 // density in kg/m^3 + +//Calculations + +f = (P/(2*t))*sqrt(E/p); // frequency of the oscillator circuit + +//Output +mprintf('The Frequency of the vibrating crystal = %3.3f MHz',f/10^6); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..781780c9e --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 1 Example 3 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data + +f = 1.5*10^6; //frequency of ultrasonics in Hz +d6 = 2.75*10^-3; // distance between 6 consecutive nodes + +//Calculations +d = d6/5; // distance b/w two nodes +lamda = 2*d; // wavelength in m +v = f*lamda; // velocity of ultrasonics + +//Output +mprintf('Velocity of ultrasonics = %3.0f m/sec',v); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.a.1/A_Ex1_1.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.1/A_Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5ec56e92d --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.1/A_Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 1 addl_Example 1 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data + +P = 1; // for fundamental mode +t = 1.5*10^-3; // thickness of quartz crystal +E = 7.9*10^10 // young's modulus in N/m^2 +p = 2650 // density in kg/m^3 + +//Calculations + +f = (P/(2*t))*sqrt(E/p); // frequency of the oscillator circuit + +//Output +mprintf('The Fundamental Frequency of the Quartz crystal = %3.4f MHz',f/10^6); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.a.2/A_Ex1_2.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.2/A_Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ec900dc1d --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.2/A_Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 1 addl_Example 2 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data + +v = 5000; // velocity of ultrasonics in m/s +df = 60*10^3; // difference b/w two adjacent harmonic freq. in Hz + +//Calculations + +d = v/(2*df) ; // thickness of steel plate + +//Output +mprintf('The thickness of steel plate = %f m',d); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.a.3/A_Ex1_3.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.3/A_Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a0ae9fbc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.3/A_Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 1 addl_Example 3 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data + +v = 1440; // velocity of ultrasonics in sea water in m/s +t = 0.33 // time taken b/w tx and rx in sec + +//Calculations + +d = v*t; // distance travelled by ultrasonics +D = d/2; // depth of submerged submarine in m + +//output +mprintf('Depth of submerged submarine = %3.1f m',D); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.a.4/A_Ex1_4.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.4/A_Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2487ac8bc --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.4/A_Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 1 addl_Example 4 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data + +d = 0.55*10^-3; // distance b/w two antinodes +f = 1.5*10^6; // freq of the crystal + +//Calculations + +lamda = 2*d; // wavelength +v = f*lamda; // velocity of ultronics + +//Output +mprintf('Velocity of waves in sea water = %3.0f m/s',v); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH1/EX1.a.5/A_Ex1_5.sce b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.5/A_Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ecfdd2647 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH1/EX1.a.5/A_Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 1 addl_Example 5 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data + +P = 1; // for fundamental mode +p = 2660 // density of quartz in kg/m^3 +f = 1300*10^3 // freq of quartz plate for sub division ii +k = 2.87*10^3 +//f1 = (k)/t // freq for sub division i + +//Calculations + +//f = (P/(2*t))*sqrt(E/p); +E = p*4*(k)^2; //Youngs modulus in N/m^2 +t = (P/(2*f))*sqrt(E/p); + + +//Output +mprintf('Youngs modulus of quartz plate = %e Nm^-2\n Thickness of the crystal = %e m',E,t); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.sce b/2309/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6c1bab4f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 2 Example 1 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data + +A = 4*10^-6; // Receiving area of photo detector +I = 200; // Intensity in W/m^2 +h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s +lamda = 0.4*10^-6; // wavelength of light in m + +//Calculations +v = c/lamda; // frequency +NOP = I*A/(h*v) // number of photons + +//since each photon generates an electron hole pair, the number of photons is equal to number of electron hole pairs + +//Output + +mprintf('Number of electron hole pairs = %e ',NOP); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX1.2/Ex2_2.sce b/2309/CH2/EX1.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5ba4169f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX1.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 2 Example 1 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +Eg = 2.8; // bandgap energy in eV +h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s +q = 1.602*10^-19; // charge of electron + +//Calculations +E = Eg*q // eV to joules conversion +lamda = h*c/E; // wavelength + +//Output + +mprintf('wavelength = %3.1f Å(Blue Colour)',lamda*10^10); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX1.3/Ex2_3.sce b/2309/CH2/EX1.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..857396cff --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX1.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 2 Example 3 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s +lamda = 1.55*10^-6; // wavelength of light in m +q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron + +//Calculations +Eg = (h*c)/lamda; // band gap energy in joules +E = Eg/q // bang gap energy in eV + +//Output + +mprintf('Energy bandgap Eg = %3.4f eV',E); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6070b5e76 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 2 Example 4 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s +lamda = 4961*10^-10; // wavelength of light in m + +//Calculations +E = (h*c)/lamda; // energy in joules +N = 1/E +//Output + +mprintf('Number of photons required to do one Joule of work = %3.4e /m^3',N); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9545930ea --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 2 Example 5 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +E = 0.02; // ionisation energy in eV +h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s +q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron + +//Calculations + +lamda = h*c/(E*q) // long wavelength limit in m + +//Output + +mprintf('long wavelength limit = %3.3e m',lamda); + +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cba3a1ad2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 2 Example 6 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +E = 1.44; // Bandgap energy in eV +h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s +q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron + +//Calculations + +lamda = h*c/(E*q) // Wavelength of GaAs laser + +//Output + +mprintf('Wavelength of GaAs laser = %3.1f Å',lamda*10^10); + +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.1/A_Ex2_1.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.1/A_Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0430db83f --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.1/A_Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 2 addl_Example 1 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +h = 6.625*10^-34; // planck's constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s +lamda = 5890*10^-10; // wavelength of light in m +q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron + + +//Calculations +Eg = (h*c)/lamda; // energy in joules +E = Eg/q // energy in eV + +//Output + +mprintf('Energy of the first excited state = %3.3f eV',E); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.2/A_Ex2_2.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.2/A_Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6dc5115be --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.2/A_Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Chapter 2 addl_Example 2 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +h = 6.625*10^-34; // planck's constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s +lamda = 5890*10^-10; // wavelength of light in m +k = 1.38*10^-23; // Boltzmann constant +Tc = 280 // Temperature in centigrades + +//Calculations +T = Tc+273; // temperature in kelvin +R = 1/((exp((h*c)/(k*T*lamda))) - 1); // ratio of stimulated emission to spontaneous emission + +//Output + +mprintf('The ratio between the stimulated emission and apontaneous emission = %3.3e',R); + +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.3/A_Ex2_3.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.3/A_Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..71b0cb991 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.3/A_Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 2 addl_Example 3 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +h = 6.625*10^-34; // planck's constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s +lamda = 6328*10^-10; // wavelength of He-Ne laser source in m +q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron +P = 3*10^-3 // output power of the He-Ne source in watts or J/sec + + +//Calculations +v = c/lamda // frequency of the photon emitted by the laser beam +E = h*v; // energy of a photon in joules +Po = P*60; // conversion fro J/sec to J/min +N = Po/E; // No of photons emitted per minute + +//Output + +mprintf('The No. of Photons emitted per minute = %3.3e photons/minute',N); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.4/A_Ex2_4.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.4/A_Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..124b59470 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.4/A_Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 2 addl_Example 4 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +h = 6.625*10^-34; // planck's constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s +lamda = 9.6*10^-6; // wavelength of CO2 laser source in m +q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron +P = 10*10^3 // output power of the CO2 laser source in watts or J/sec + + +//Calculations +v = c/lamda // frequency of the photon emitted by the laser beam +E = h*v; // energy of a photon in joules +Po = P*60*60; // conversion fro J/sec to J/hour +N = Po/E; // No of photons emitted per hour + +//Output + +mprintf('The No. of Photons emitted per hour = %3.3e photons/hour',N); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.5/A_Ex2_5.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.5/A_Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..94309749b --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.5/A_Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 2 addl_Example 5 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +h = 6.625*10^-34; // planck's constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s +lamda = 10*10^-2; // wavelength for microwave region in m +T = 300 // Temperature in Kelvin +Kb = 1.38*10^-23 // Boltzmann constant + +// Calculations +// let R = Rsp/Rst +R = exp((h*c)/(lamda*Kb*T)) - 1; // ratio of spontaneous to stimulated emission +if R<1 then + mprintf('Since the spontaneous emission is lesser than stimulated emission \n hence MASER action is possible at thermal equilibrium' ) +end +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.6/A_Ex2_6.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.6/A_Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..21cd9551a --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.6/A_Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 2 addl_Example 6 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +h = 6.625*10^-34; // planck's constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s +lamda = 5000*10^-10; // wavelength for optical region in m +T = 300 // Temperature in Kelvin +Kb = 1.38*10^-23 // Boltzmann constant + +// Calculations +// let R = Rsp/Rst +R = exp((h*c)/(lamda*Kb*T)) - 1; // ratio of spontaneous to stimulated emission +if R<1 then + mprintf('Since the spontaneous emission is lesser than stimulated emission \n hence LASER action is possible at thermal equilibrium' ) +else + + mprintf('Since the spontaneous emission is more predominant than stimulated emission \n hence LASER action is not possible at optical frequencies under thermal equilibrium' ) +end + +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH2/EX2.a.7/A_Ex2_7.sce b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.7/A_Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ed852e781 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH2/EX2.a.7/A_Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 2 Additional Example 7 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +h = 6.625*10^-34; // plank's constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s +lamda = 5511.11*10^-10; // wavelength of green LED light in m +q = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron + +//Calculations +Eg = (h*c)/lamda; // band gap energy in joules +E = Eg/q // bang gap energy in eV + +//Output + +mprintf('Energy bandgap Eg = %3.2f eV',E); + +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..18e80be0f --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Chapter 3 Example 1 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +n1 = 1.6; // Refractive index of core +n2 = 1.5; // Refractive index of cladding + +// Calculations +NA = sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2); // Numerical Aperture of optical fiber + +// Output +mprintf('Numerical Aperture of the optical fiber = %3.4f',NA); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..44341b638 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Chapter 3 Example 2 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +n1 = 1.55; // Refractive index of core +n2 = 1.5; // Refractive index of cladding + +// Calculations +NA = sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2); // Numerical Aperture of optical fiber +im = asin(NA); // Acceptance angle +im_d = im*180/%pi // radian to degree conversion + +// Output +mprintf('Numerical Aperture of the optical fiber = %3.4f\n Acceptance angle = %3.2f degrees ',NA,im_d); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..db05fcc6a --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Chapter 3 Example 3 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +NA = 0.26; // Numerical aperture +n1 = 1.5 ; // Refractive index of core +d = 100*10^-6; // diameter of the core in m + +// Calculations +n2 = sqrt( n1^2 - NA^2); // Refractive index of cladding + +// Output +mprintf('Refractive index of cladding = %3.4f',n2); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..16e1749ba --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Chapter 3 Example 4 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +n1 = 1.54; // Refractive index of core +n2 = 1.5; // Refractive index of cladding + +// Calculations +NA = sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2); // Numerical Aperture of optical fiber + +// Output +mprintf('Numerical Aperture of the optical fiber = %3.4f',NA); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.a.1/A_Ex3_1.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.1/A_Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4d7907952 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.1/A_Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 3 Additional Example 1 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +n1 = 1.5; // Refractive index of core +NA = 0.26; // Numerical aperture +d = 100*10^-6 // core diameter +lamda = 10^-6; // wavelength in m + +// Calculations +n2 = sqrt( n1^2 - NA^2); // Refractive index of cladding +im = asin(NA); // Acceptance angle +im_d = im*180/%pi // radian to degree conversion +N = 4.9*(d*NA/lamda)^2; // maximum no of modes + +// Output +mprintf('Refractive index of cladding n2 = %3.4f\n Acceptance angle = %3.2f degrees\n Maximum number of modes that fibre allows = %d ',n2,im_d,N); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.a.2/A_Ex3_2.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.2/A_Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c88bb0f5b --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.2/A_Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 3 Additional Example 2 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +delta = 0.02; // relative refractive index +n1 = 1.48; // refractive index of core + +// Calculations +NA = n1*(2*delta)^0.5; // Numerical aperture +n2 = sqrt( n1^2 - NA^2); // Refractive index of cladding +cri_ang = asin(n2/n1); // critical angle +cri_ang_d = cri_ang*180/%pi; // critical angle in degrees + +// output +mprintf('Numerical Aperture = %3.3f\n The Critical angle = %3.2f degrees',NA,cri_ang_d); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.a.3/A_Ex3_3.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.3/A_Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..259094e4d --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.3/A_Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Chapter 3 Additional Example 3 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +delta = 0.015; // relative refractive index +NA = 0.27; // Numerical aperture + +// Calculations +//we know that NA = n1*sqrt(2*Δ) +n1 = NA/sqrt(2*delta) // refractive index of core +n2 = sqrt( n1^2 - NA^2); // Refractive index of cladding +// Output +mprintf('Refractive index of the core = %3.3f\n Refractive index of the cladding = %3.3f\n',n1,n2); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.a.4/A_Ex3_4.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.4/A_Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..99cff015b --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.4/A_Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Chapter 3 Additional Example 4 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +NA = 0.25; // Numerical aperture +d = 60*10^-6 // core diameter +lamda = 2.7*10^-6; // wavelength in m + +// calculations +N = 4.9*(d*NA/lamda)^2; // no of modes for step index fibre + +// Output +mprintf('No. of total modes propagating in a multimode step index fibre = %d',N); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH3/EX3.a.5/A_Ex3_5.sce b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.5/A_Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9e0a5a9be --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH3/EX3.a.5/A_Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 3 Additional Example 5 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +NA = 0.25; // Numerical aperture +d = 6*10^-6 // core diameter +lamda = 1.5*10^-6; // wavelength of laser source +n1 = 1.47; // refractive index of core +n2 = 1.43 // refractive index of cladding + +// calculations +NA = sqrt( n1^2 - n2^2); // Numerical Aperture +N = 4.9*(d*NA/lamda)^2; // no of modes for step index fibre + +// Output +mprintf('No. of total modes propagating in the fibre = %d',N); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c89c85d1c --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 1 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data + +lamda = 3*10^-10; // wavelength of incident photons in m +theta = 60; // viewing angle in degrees +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +mo = 9.11*10^-31 // mass in Kg +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light + +// Calculatioms +// from Compton theory ,Compton shift is given by +// lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ) + +theta_r = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion +lamda1 = lamda+( (h/(mo*c))*(1-cos(theta_r))) // wavelength of scattered photons + +// Output +mprintf('Wavelength of Scattered photons = %3.4f Å',lamda1*10^10); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..46656e18a --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 10 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +l = 0.1*10^-9; // side of cubical box +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec +m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +Kb = 1.38*10^-23 // Boltzmann constant + +// Calculations +// for cubical box the energy eigen value is Enx ny nz = (h^2/(8*m*l^2))*(nx^2 + ny^2 +nz^2) +// For the next energy level to the lowest energy level nx = 1 , ny = 1 and nz = 2 +nx = 1 +ny = 1 +nz = 2 +E112 = (h^2/(8*m*l^2))*( nx^2 + ny^2 + nz^2); + +// we know the average energy of molecules of aperfect gas = (3/2)*(Kb*T) +T = (2*E112)/(3*Kb); // Temperature in kelvin + +// Output +mprintf('E112 = %3.4e Joules\n Temperature of the molecules T = %3.4e K',E112,T); +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..33cb71fb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 11 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +l = 4*10^-9; // width of infinitely deep potential +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec +m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +n = 1; // minimum energy +e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron in columbs + +// Calculations +E = (h^2 * n^2)/(8*m*l^2) // Energy of electron in an infinitely deep potential well +E1 = E/e // energy conversion from joules to eV + +// Output +mprintf('Minimum energy of an electron = %3.4f eV',E1); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dd61e285a --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 12 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +l = 0.1*10^-9; // length of one dimensional box +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec +m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +n = 1; // for ground state +n5 = 6; // n value for fifth excited state +e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron in columbs + +// Calculations +Eg = (h^2 * n^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // Energy in ground state in eV +Ee = (h^2 * n5^2)/(8*m*l^2 * e) // Energy in excited state in eV +E = Ee - Eg; // energy req to excite electrons from ground state to fift excited state + +// Output +mprintf('Energy required to excite an electron from ground state to fifth excited state = %3.2f eV',E); +//============================================================================== + + diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ed7fdd777 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 13 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +l = 0.1*10^-9; // length of one dimensional box +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec +m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +n = 1; // for ground state +e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron in columbs + +// Calculations +E = (h^2 * n^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // Energy of electron in eV +// Output +mprintf('Energy of an electron = %3.3f eV',E); +//============================================================================== + + diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1c954e4c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 14 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +l = 0.5*10^-9; // width of one dimensional box in m +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec +m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +n = 1; // for ground state +e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron in columbs + +// Calculations +E = (h^2 * n^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // Energy of electron in eV +// Output +mprintf('Least Energy of an electron = %3.4f eV',E); +//============================================================================== + + diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9b8a1f981 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 2 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +theta = 135; // angle in degrees +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +mo = 9.1*10^-31 // mass in Kg +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s + +// Calculatioms +// from Compton theory ,Compton shift is given by +// lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ) +theta_r = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion +c_lamda = ( (h/(mo*c))*(1-cos(theta_r))) // Change in wavelength in m + +// Output +mprintf('Change in Wavelength = %3.5f Å',c_lamda*10^10); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..329bbcda0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 3 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data + +lamda = 0.1*10^-9; // wavelength of X-rays in m +theta = 90; // angle with incident beam in degrees +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +mo = 9.11*10^-31 // mass in Kg +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light + +// Calculatioms +// from Compton theory ,Compton shift is given by +// lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ) +theta_r = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion +lamda1 = lamda+( (h/(mo*c))*(1-cos(theta_r))) // wavelength of scattered beam + +// Output +mprintf('Wavelength of Scattered beam = %3.4f Å',lamda1*10^10); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..283ebbb75 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 4 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron +V = 150; // potential difference in volts + +// Calculations + +lamda = h/(sqrt(2*m*e*V)) // de Broglie wavelength + +// Output +mprintf('The de-Broglie wavelength = %d Å',lamda*10^10); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4bedfbd3a --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 5 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron +V = 5000; // potential in volts + +// Calculations + +lamda = h/(sqrt(2*m*e*V)) // de Broglie wavelength + +// Output +mprintf('The de-Broglie wavelength of electron = %3.5f Å',lamda*10^10); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ec66d53db --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 6 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +E = 100 // Energy of electron in eV +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +e = 1.6*10^-19 // Charge of electron in Columbs + +// Calculations + +E1 = E*e // Energy conversion from eV to Joule +lamda = h/(sqrt(2*m*E1)) // de Broglie wavelength + +// Output +mprintf('The de-Broglie wavelength = %3.3f Å',lamda*10^10); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..15bfefeaf --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 7 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +m = 1.675*10^-27; // Mass of proton in kg +c = 3*10^8; // velocity of light in m/s +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant + +// Calculations + +vp = c/20; // velocity of proton in m/s +lamda = h/(m*vp) // de-Broglie wavelength in m + +// Output +mprintf('de-Broglie wavelength = %e m',lamda); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0ef4d59a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 4 Example 8 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +E = 10000 // Energy of neutron in eV +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +m = 1.675*10^-27 // mass of neutron in Kg +e = 1.6*10^-19 +// Calculations + +E1 = E*e // Energy conversion from eV to Joule +lamda = h/(sqrt(2*m*E1)) // de Broglie wavelength + +// Output +mprintf('The de-Broglie wavelength of neutron = %3.3e m',lamda); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.1/A_Ex4_1.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.1/A_Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2bd406a7e --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.1/A_Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 4 Addutional Example 1 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light +lamda = 5893*10^-10; // wavelength in m +P = 100 // power of sodium vapour lamp + +// Calculations +E = (h*c)/lamda; // Energy in joules +N = P/E // Number of photons emitted + +// Output +mprintf('Number of Photons emitted = %3.4e per second',N); +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.10/A_Ex4_10.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.10/A_Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..59da6ee51 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.10/A_Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 10 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +l = 10^-10 ; // length of one dimensional box in m +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec +m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +n = 1; // for ground state +e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron in columbs + +// Calculations +E = 2*(h^2 * n^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // Energy of system having two electrons +// Output +mprintf('Energy of the system having two electrons = %3.4f eV',E); +//============================================================================== + + diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.11/A_Ex4_11.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.11/A_Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d53b12988 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.11/A_Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 10 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +b = 40; // angle subtended by final images at eye in degrees +a = 10 // angle subtended by the object at the eye kept at near point in degrees + +// Calculations +b_r = b*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion +a_r = a*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion +M = tan(b_r)/tan(a_r); // magnifying power + +// Output +mprintf('Magnifying power = %3.3f',M); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.2/A_Ex4_2.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.2/A_Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bd7b126d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.2/A_Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 4 AdditionalExample 2 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data + +lamda1 = 0.022*10^-10; // wavelength of scatterd X-rays in m +theta = 45; // scatterring angle in degrees +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +mo = 9.11*10^-31 // mass in Kg +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light + +// Calculatioms +// from Compton theory ,Compton shift is given by +// lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ) + +theta_r = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion +lamda = lamda1-( (h/(mo*c))*(1-cos(theta_r))) // incident Wavelength + +// Output +mprintf('Wavelength of incident beam = %3.4f Å',lamda*10^10); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.3/A_Ex4_3.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.3/A_Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9966e5263 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.3/A_Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 3 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +Ei = 1.02*10^6 // photon energy in eV +theta = 90; // scattered angle in degrees +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +mo = 9.1*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light in m/s + +// Calculatioms +// from Compton theory ,Compton shift is given by +// lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ) +theta_r = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion +c_lamda = ( (h/(mo*c))*(1-cos(theta_r))) // Change in wavelength in m +dv = c/c_lamda; // change in frequency of the scattered photon +dE = (h*dv)/e // change in energy of scattered photon in eV +// This change in energy is transferred as the KE of the recoil electron +Er = dE; // Energy of recoil electron +Es = Ei - Er // Energy of scattered photon + + +// Output +mprintf('Energy of the recoil electron = %3.4f MeV\n Energy of the Scattered photon = %3.4f MeV',Er*10^-6,Es*10^-6); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.4/A_Ex4_4.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.4/A_Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c082a7395 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.4/A_Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 4 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data + +lamda = 0.124*10^-10; // wavelength of X-rays in m +theta = 180; // Scattering angle in degrees +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +mo = 9.11*10^-31 // mass in Kg +c = 3*10^8; // vel. of light + +// Calculatioms +// from Compton theory ,Compton shift is given by +// lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ) + +theta_r = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion +lamda1 = lamda+( (h/(mo*c))*(1-cos(theta_r))) // wavelength of scattered X-rays + +// Output +mprintf('Wavelength of Scattered X-rays = %3.4f Å',lamda1*10^10); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.5/A_Ex4_5.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.5/A_Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b495574e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.5/A_Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 5 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron +V = 2000; // potential in volts + +// Calculations + +lamda = h/(sqrt(2*m*e*V)) // de Broglie wavelength + +// Output +mprintf('The de-Broglie wavelength of electron = %3.4f Å',lamda*10^10); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.6/A_Ex4_6.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.6/A_Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..42c7a12b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.6/A_Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 6 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +m = 1.678*10^-27 // mass of proton in Kg +e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron +Kb = 1.38*10^-23; // boltzmann constant +T = 300 // Temperature in kelvin +// Calculations + +lamda = h/(sqrt(3*m*Kb*T)) // de Broglie wavelength + +// Output +mprintf('The de-Broglie wavelength = %3.4f Å',lamda*10^10); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.7/A_Ex4_7.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.7/A_Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..16baedcf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.7/A_Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 7 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; +// input data +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +lamda = 3*10^-2; // wavelength of electron wave +e = 1.6*10^-19; // charge of electron +// Calculations + +E = (h^2)/(2*m*lamda^2); // Energy in Joules +E1 = E/e; +// Output +mprintf('Energy of the electron E = %3.4e eV\n',E1); +mprintf(' Note: Calculation mistake in textbook') +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.8/A_Ex4_8.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.8/A_Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a62841469 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.8/A_Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 8 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; +// input data +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant +m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +c = 3*10^8; // velocity of light in m/s + +// Calculations +ve = 0.7071*c // velocity of electron +lamda = h/(m*ve*sqrt(1-(ve/c)^2)) // de Broglie wavelength + +// we know Compton wavelength ,lamda' - lamda = (h/(mo*c))*(1-cosθ) +// maximum shift θ = 180 +theta = 180 +theta1 = theta*%pi/180; +d_lamda = (h/(m*c))*(1-cos(theta1)) +mprintf('de Broglie wavelength = %e m\n',lamda); +mprintf(' compton wavelength = %e m\n',d_lamda) +mprintf(' The de-Broglie wacelength is equal to the compton wavelength'); +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH4/EX4.a.9/A_Ex4_9.sce b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.9/A_Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..43c17276a --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH4/EX4.a.9/A_Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Chapter 4 Additional Example 9 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +l = 10^-10; // side of one dimensional box +h = 6.625*10^-34 // plancks constant in Jsec +m = 9.11*10^-31 // mass of electron in Kg +n1 = 1; // for 1st eigen value +n2 = 2; // for 2nd eigen value +n3 = 3; // for 3rd eigen value +n4 = 4; // for 4th eigen value +e = 1.6*10^-19 // charge of electron in columbs + +// Calculations +E1 = (h^2 * n1^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // first Eigen value +E2 = (h^2 * n2^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // second Eigen value +E3 = (h^2 * n3^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // third Eigen value +E4 = (h^2 * n4^2)/(8*m*l^2 *e ) // fourth Eigen value + +// Output +mprintf('1st Eigen value = %3.1f eV\n 2nd Eigen value = %3.1f eV\n 3rd Eigen value = %3.1f eV\n 4th Eigen value = %3.1f eV\n',E1,E2,E3,E4); +//============================================================================== + + diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bf59b4231 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 1 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +//Copper has FCC structure + +r = 1.273; // Atomic radius in angstrom +N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole +A = 63.5; // Atomic weight of copper in grams +n = 4; // No. of atoms per unit cell for FCC + +//Calculations +r1 = r*10^-10; // Radius conversion from angstrom to m +a = (4*r1)/sqrt(2); // lattice parameter for FCC +p = (n*A)/(N*a^3); // Density of copper + +//Output + +mprintf('Lattice Constant a = %3.1e m\n Density of copper = %3.1f kg/m^3',a,p); diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9846717dd --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 10 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +// FCC structured crystal + +p = 6250; // Density of crystal in kg/m^3 +N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole +A = 60.2; // molecular weight +n = 4; // No. of atoms per unit cell for FCC + +//Calculations + +a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3); + +//Output + +mprintf('Lattice Constant a = %3.1e m ',a); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..71b35a3bd --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 11 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +// (321) plane in simple cubic lattice +h = 3; // miller indice +k = 2; // miller indice +l = 1; // miller indice +a = 4.12 // inter atomic space Å + +// Calculations +dhkl = a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); // interplanar distance + +// Output +mprintf('d = %3.2f Å',dhkl); +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b10562ac6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 12 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +// BCC structured crystal + +p = 7860; // Density of iron in kg/m^3 +N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole +A = 55.85; // Atomic weight +n = 2; // No. of atoms per unit cell for BCC + +//Calculations + +a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3); //lattice constant + +//Output + +mprintf('Lattice Constant of Fe = %3.3f Å \n',a*10^10); +mprintf(' Note: density of iron is taken as 7.86 instead of 7860 in calculation') +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4395408db --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 14 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +r = 0.123*10^-10; // Radius of the atom + +// Calculations +a = (4*r)/sqrt(3); // Lattice constant in m For a BCC structure +V = a*a*a; // Volume of BCC + +// Output +mprintf('Volume of the unit cell = %3.4e m^3',V); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..70ae2432f --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 15 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +a = 0.05; // unit cell edge of an orthorhombic crystal in nm +b = 0.05; // unit cell edge of an orthorhombic crystal in nm +c = 0.03; // unit cell edge of an orthorhombic crystal in nm +Ia = 0.025 // intercept on 'a' in nm +Ib = 0.02 // intercept on 'b' in nm +Ic = 0.01 // intercept on 'c' in nm + +//Calculations + +h = a/Ia; // miller indice h +k = b/Ib; // miller indice k +l = c/Ic // miller indice l + +// Output +mprintf('Miller indices (h k l) = (%d %d %d)',h,k,l); +//============================================================================== + + diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3645662ba --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 16 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; +// Magnesium has HCP structure +// for HCF(Hexagonal closed packed structure) consider the relation between 'c' and 'a'; +// c/a = sqrt(8/3) = 1.6329 +//input data +r = 0.1605*10^-9; // radius of magnesium atom in m + +// Calculations + +a = 2*r // lattice constant of HCP +c = a*sqrt(8/3); // relation b/w c and a in HCP +V = (3*3^0.5)*(a*a*c)/2; //Volume of unit cell in m^3 + +// Output +mprintf('Volume of the unit cell of magnesium = %3.3e m^3',V); +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ff8cdc1d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 17 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +// (101),(221) planes in simple cubic lattice +h1 = 1; // miller indice +k0 = 0; // miller indice +l1 = 1; // miller indice +h2 = 2; // miller indice +k2 = 2; // miller indice +l1 = 1; // miller indice +a = 4.2 // inter atomic space Å + +// Calculations +d101 = a/sqrt((h1^2)+(k0^2)+(l1^2)); // interplanar distance +d221 = a/sqrt((h2^2)+(k2^2)+(l1^2)); // interplanar distance + + +// Output +mprintf('d(101) = %3.4f Å\n d(221) = %3.1f Å ',d101,d221); +//============================================================================= + diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6c19c2acd --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 1 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +//given intercepts 3,4 and ∞, the recipocals of intercepts is +// (1/3):(1/4):(1/∞) +// LCM = 12 +// multiplying by LCM we get miller indices +// miller indices of a plane are the smallest integers of the reciprocals of its intercerpts +// therefore miller indices(h k l) is (4 3 0); + +h = 4; // miller indice +k = 3; // miller indice +l = 0; // miller indice +a = 2; // primitive vector of lattice in angstrom + +//Calculations + +dhkl = a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); // interplanar distance + +//Output +mprintf('Miller indices = (4 3 0)\n'); +mprintf(' The interplanar distance d = %3.1f Å',dhkl); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..881fa4018 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 3 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +//α-Iron solidifies to BCC structure + +r = 1.273; // Atomic radius in angstrom +N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole +A = 55.85; // Atomic weight of α-Iron in kilograms +n = 2; // No. of atoms per unit cell for BCC +p = 7860; // density in kg/m^-3 + +//Calculations + +// p = (n*A)/(N*a^3); density + +a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3); // lattice constant +a1 = a*10^10; // m to angstrom conversion +r = (a1*sqrt(3))/4 // atomic radius for BCC + +//Output +mprintf('The Radius of the atom = %3.5f Å\n',r); +mprintf(' Note : atomic wt taken as 55.58*10^-3 instead of 55.85 in calculation') +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c5e8434f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 4 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +lamda = 1.5418; // wavelength in Å +h = 1; // miller indice +k = 1; // miller indice +l = 1; // miller indice +n = 1; // given first order +theta = 30; // diffraction angle in degrees + +// Calculations +theta1 = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion +// d = (n*lamda)/(2*sinθ); by Braggs law ------------- 1 +// d = a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); interplanar distance ------------ 2 +// equating 1 and 2 + +a = (n*lamda*sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2))/(2*sin(theta1))) + +// Output +mprintf('Interatomic spacing a = %f Å',a); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5ed750009 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 5 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +h1 = 1; // miller indice +k1 = 1; // miller indice +l1 = 1; // miller indice +h0 = 0; // miller indice +k0 = 0; // miller indice +l0 = 0; // miller indice + +// calculations +// dhkl = a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); // interplanar distance +// assume a = 1(constant) for easier calculation in scilab + +a = 1; +d100 = a/sqrt((h1^2)+(k0^2)+(l0^2)); // interplanar distance +d110 = a/sqrt((h1^2)+(k1^2)+(l0^2)); // interplanar distance +d111 = a/sqrt((h1^2)+(k1^2)+(l1^2)); // interplanar distance + +// Output +mprintf('d100 : d110 : d111 = %d : %3.2f : %3.2f',d100,d110,d111); + +//============================================================================== + + diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..26c15f557 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 6 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +// Aluminium is FCC +a = 0.405*10^-9; // lattice constant of aluminium +t = 0.005*10^-2; // thickness of aluminium foil in m +s = 25*10^-2; // side of square in m + +//Calculations +VUC = a^3; // volume of unit cell +Val = (s^2)*t // volume of aluminium foil (area*thickness) +N = Val/VUC // Number if unit cells + +//Output +mprintf('Number of unit cells = %3.3e',N); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7abef37bc --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 7 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +// metallic iron changes from BCC to FCC form at 910 degress +rb = 0.1258*10^-9; // atomic radius of BCC iron atom +rf = 0.1292*10^-9; // atomic radius of FCC iron atom + +// Calculations + +ab = (4*rb)/(sqrt(3)); // lattice constant for BCC +Vbcc = (ab^3)/2; // volume occupied by one BCC atom +af = (4*rf)/(sqrt(2)) // lattice constant for FCC +Vfcc = (af^3)/4; // volume occupied by one FCC atom +dv = ((Vbcc-Vfcc)/Vbcc)*100 // percentage change in volume + +// output +mprintf('During the structural change the percentage change in volume = %3.4f',dv); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..98a450dca --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 8 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +//Copper Crystallines in FCC structure + +p = 8960; // Density of copper in kg/m^3 +N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole +A = 63.5; // Atomic weight of copper in kg/mol +n = 4; // No. of atoms per unit cell for FCC + +//Calculations + +a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3); + +//Output + +mprintf('Lattice Constant a = %3.4f Å\n',a*10^10); +mprintf(' atomic wt of copper is taken as 63.5*10^-3 instead of 63.5 in textbook') +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c9da54ece --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 5 Example 9 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +// (100) planes in rock crystal +h = 1; // miller indice +k = 0; // miller indice +l = 0; // miller indice +a = 2.814 // lattice constant in Å + +// Calculations +dhkl = a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); // interplanar distance + +// Output +mprintf('d-spacing for (100) plane in rock salt = %3.3f Å',dhkl); +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.1/A_Ex5_1.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.1/A_Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dafec357c --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.1/A_Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 1 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +// Copper has FCC structure +a = 3.6; // lattice parameter of copper in Å + +// Calculations + +r = a*sqrt(2)/4; // atomic radius of copper + +// Output +mprintf('Atomic Radius of copper = %3.3f Å',r); +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.11/A_Ex5_11.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.11/A_Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5356c7731 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.11/A_Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 11 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +// (311) plane in simple cubic lattice +h = 3; // miller indice +k = 1; // miller indice +l = 1; // miller indice +a = 2.109*10^-10 // lattice constant in m + +// Calculations +dhkl = a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); // interplanar distance + +// Output +mprintf('d = %3.3e m',dhkl); +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.12/A_Ex5_12.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.12/A_Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..882807a08 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.12/A_Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 12 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data + +h = 1; // miller indice +k = 1; // miller indice +l = 0; // miller indice +d = 2.86*10^-10 // interplanar distance in m + +// Calculations +a = d*sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)); // interplanar distance + +// Output +mprintf('Lattice constant a = %3.3e m',a); +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.13/A_Ex5_13.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.13/A_Ex5_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..04fe09817 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.13/A_Ex5_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 5 Additional Example 13 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +h1 = 1; +h0 = 0; +k0 = 0; +l0 = 0; +l1 = 1; +// calculations + +// we know that dhkl = a/sqrt( h^2 + k^2 + l^2) +// let sqrt( h^2 + k^2 + l^2) = p +p101 = sqrt( h1^2 + k0^2 + l1^2); +p100 = sqrt( h1^2 + k0^2 + l0^2); +p001 = sqrt( h0^2 + k0^2 + l1^2); + +// output +mprintf('d101 : d100 : d001 :: a/%3.4f : a/%d : a/%d ',p101,p100,p001); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.14/A_Ex5_14.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.14/A_Ex5_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0917dceef --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.14/A_Ex5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 14 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// if a plane cut intercepts of lengths l1,l2,l3 the on three crystal axes ,then +// l1 : l2 : l3 = pa : pq :rc +// where a,b and c are primitive vectors of the unit cell and p,q and r are numbers related to miller indices (hkl) of plane by relation +// 1/p : 1/q : 1/r = h : k : l +//since, the crystal is simple cubic a = b = c and given that h = 1, k = 1 and l = 1 +// p : q : r = 1/h : 1/k : 1/l = 1/1 : 1/1 : 1/1 +// p : q : r = 1 : 1 : 1 +//similarly l1 : l2 : l3 = 1a : 1a : 1a +mprintf('ratio of intercepts on the three axes by (111) plane is l1 : l2 : l3 = 1 : 1 : 1'); diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.15/A_Ex5_15.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.15/A_Ex5_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..369fd9d14 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.15/A_Ex5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 15 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +r = 1.246*10^-10; // atomic radius in m +h1 = 1 // miller indice +h2 = 2 // miller indice +k0 = 0 // miller indice +k1 = 1 // miller indice +k2 = 2 // miller indice +l0 = 0 // miller indice +l1 = 1 // miller indice + +// Calculations +a = (4*r)/sqrt(2); // lattice constant +d111 = a/sqrt((h1^2)+(k1^2)+(l1^2)); // interplanar distance +d200 = a/sqrt((h2^2)+(k0^2)+(l0^2)); // interplanar distance +d220 = a/sqrt((h2^2)+(k2^2)+(l0^2)); // interplanar distance + +// Output +mprintf('d111 = %3.3e m\n d200 = %3.4e m\n d220 = %3.3e m\n',d111,d200,d220'); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.16/A_Ex5_16.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.16/A_Ex5_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3e594a689 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.16/A_Ex5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 16 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data +// the intercept along X-axis be c1 = a +// the intercept along Y-axis be c2 = b/2 and +// the intercept along Z-axis be c3 = 3c +// Therefore, p = c1/a = a/a = 1 +// q = c2/b = (b/2)/b = 1/2 +// r = c3/c = (3c)/c = 3 +// therefore h = 1/p = 1 +// k = 1/q = 2 +// l = 1/r = 1/3 +// lcm of 1 1 and 3 = 3 +h = 1 +k = 2 +l = 1/3 +p = [1 1 3] +s = lcm(p); +h1= s*h +k1= s*k +l1= s*l; +// Output +mprintf('(h k l) = (%d %d %d)',h1,k1,l1); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.17/A_Ex5_17.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.17/A_Ex5_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d9c917736 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.17/A_Ex5_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Chapter 5 Additional Example 17 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +//input data + +d = 1.3*10^-10 // interplanar distance +n = 1; // given first order +theta = 23; // Bragg reflection angle in degrees + +// Calculations +theta1 = theta*%pi/180; // degree to radian conversion +// d = (n*lamda)/(2*sinθ); by Braggs law ------------- 1 +lamda = (2*d*sin(theta1)/n) + +// Output +mprintf('Wavelength of X-ray = %3.4f Å',lamda*10^10); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.2/A_Ex5_2.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.2/A_Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8842b1458 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.2/A_Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 2 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +// Copper has FCC structure + +r = 1.278; // Atomic radius in angstrom +N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole +A = 63.54; // Atomic weight of copper +n = 4; // No. of atoms per unit cell for FCC + +//Calculations +r1 = r*10^-10; // Radius conversion from angstrom to m +a = (4*r1)/sqrt(2); // lattice parameter for FCC +p = (n*A)/(N*a^3); // Density of copper + +//Output + +mprintf(' Density of copper = %3.2f kg/m^3',p); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.3/A_Ex5_3.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.3/A_Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a3aebbff0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.3/A_Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 3 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +// NaCl has FCC structure + +ANa = 23; // atomic wt of sodiim +ACl = 35.45 // atomic wt of chlorine +N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole +n = 4 // No. of atoms per unit cell for FCC +p = 2180; // density in kg/m^-3 + +// Calculations + +// p = (n*A)/(N*a^3); density +A = ANa+ACl; // atomic wt of NaCl +a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3); // lattice constant +r = a/2 // Distance b/w two adjacent atoms +//Output +mprintf('Distance between two adjacent atoms is r = %3.2e m',r); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.4/A_Ex5_4.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.4/A_Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c457edfcb --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.4/A_Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 4 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +// iron has BCC structure + +r = 1.273; // Atomic radius in angstrom +N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole +A = 55.85 ; // Atomic weight of Fe +n = 2; // No. of atoms per unit cell for BCC +p = 7860; // density in kg/m^-3 + +//Calculations + +// p = (n*A)/(N*a^3); density + +a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3); // lattice constant +a1 = a*10^10; // m to angstrom conversion +r = (a1*sqrt(3))/4 // atomic radius for BCC + +//Output +mprintf('The Radius of the Fe = %3.3f Å',r); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.5/A_Ex5_5.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.5/A_Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..53e645382 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.5/A_Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 5 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; + +// input data +// KBr has FCC structure + +N = 6.023*10^26; // Avagadros number in atoms/kilomole +A = 119; // Atomic weight of pottasium bromide +n = 4; // No. of atoms per unit cell for FCC +p = 2700; // density in kg/m^-3 + +//Calculations + +// p = (n*A)/(N*a^3); density + +a = ((n*A)/(N*p))^(1/3); // lattice constant +a1 = a*10^10; // m to angstrom conversion + +//Output +mprintf('Lattice constant = %3.1f Å',a1); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.6/A_Ex5_6.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.6/A_Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1092c4743 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.6/A_Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 6 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; +// input data +a = 4.3*10^-10; // Lattice constant in Å +p = 960; // Density of crystal in kg/m^3 +A = 23; // Atomic wt +N = 6.023*10^26; // avogadros no in atoms/kilomole + +//Calculations + +n = (p*N*(a^3))/A; // No. of atoms per unit cell + +// Output +mprintf('No. of atoms per unit cell = %3.0f (BCC)',n); +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.7/A_Ex5_7.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.7/A_Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7492185b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.7/A_Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 7 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; +// input data +// given crystal has BCC structure +r = 1.2*10^-10; // atomic radius in m + +// Calculations + +a = (4*r)/sqrt(3); // lattice constant +V = a^3; // volume of cell + +//Output +mprintf('Volume of the cell = %3.3e m^3',V); +//============================================================================== diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.8/A_Ex5_8.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.8/A_Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c7444c683 --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.8/A_Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 8 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; +// input data +a = 4*10^-10; // lattice constant of the crystal +h = 1 // miller indice +k = 0 // miller indice +l = 0 // miller indice + +//Calculations + +// in fig consider (100) plane. the no of atoms in plane ABCD +N = 4*(1/4); // Number of atoms +p = N/(a*a); // planar atomic density in atoms/m^2 +p1 = p*10^-6 // planar atomic density in atoms/mm^2 + +//Output +mprintf('planar atomic density = %3.2e atoms/mm^2',p1); +//============================================================================== + diff --git a/2309/CH5/EX5.a.9/A_Ex5_9.sce b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.9/A_Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b49c9923b --- /dev/null +++ b/2309/CH5/EX5.a.9/A_Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Chapter 5 additional Example 9 +//============================================================================== +clc; +clear; +// input data +// in fig 5(b) the given plane is parallel to X and Z axes.Thus,its numerical intercepts on these axes is infinity +//The numerical intercept on y axis is 1/2. Thus the numerical intercepts of plane is (∞ 1/2 ∞) +mprintf('Miller indices of plane shown in fig 5.(b) = (0 2 0)\n'); +// in fig 5(c) the given plane is parallel to Z axis.Thus its numerical intercept on z axis is infinity +// The numerical intercept on x axis is 1 and y axis is 1/2. this numerical intercepts on plane is (1 1/2 ∞ ) +mprintf(' Miller indices of plane shown in fig 5.(c) = (1 2 0)\n') +// in fig 5(d) the given plane is parallel to Z axis.Thus its numerical intercept on z axis is infinity +// The numerical intercept on x axis is 1/2 and y axis is 1/2. this numerical intercepts on plane is (1/2 1/2 ∞ ) +mprintf(' Miller indices of plane shown in fig 5.(d) = (2 2 0)\n') +//============================================================================== -- cgit