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| author | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
| commit | b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (patch) | |
| tree | ab291cffc65280e58ac82470ba63fbcca7805165 /2231 | |
| download | Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.gz Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.bz2 Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.zip | |
initial commit / add all books
Diffstat (limited to '2231')
90 files changed, 1832 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.1/Ex_1_1.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.1/Ex_1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f3c7ffb5b --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.1/Ex_1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 1_1
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data
+alfa1=0.35;
+alfa2=0.4;
+IG=40*10^-3;//A
+
+//Solution :
+IA=alfa2*IG/(1-(alfa1+alfa2));//A
+disp(IA,"Anode current in A : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.12/Ex_1_12.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.12/Ex_1_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b2a7b4dfa --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.12/Ex_1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 1_12
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+I=120;//A
+Gamma=180;//degree
+RMS_current=I*sqrt(Gamma/360);//A
+AVG_current=I*(Gamma/360);//A
+FormFactor=RMS_current/AVG_current;//no unit
+disp(RMS_current,"rms current (in A) : ");
+disp(FormFactor,"Form Factor : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.13/Ex_1_13.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.13/Ex_1_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..558bd8988 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.13/Ex_1_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 1_13
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=130;//V
+R=100;//ohm
+theta1=60;//degree
+theta2=45;//degree
+v=sqrt(2)*V;//
+Irms=sqrt(1/2/%pi*integrate('(3.25*sin(omega_t))^2','omega_t',theta1*%pi/180,%pi));//A
+P=Irms^2*R;//W
+disp(P,"(a) Power supplied to load (in W) : ");
+Irms=sqrt(1/2/%pi*integrate('(3.25*sin(omega_t))^2','omega_t',theta2*%pi/180,%pi));//A
+P=Irms^2*R;//W
+disp(P,"(a) Power supplied to load (in W) : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.14/Ex_1_14.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.14/Ex_1_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c3e0c884c --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.14/Ex_1_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 1_14
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Iavg=200;//A
+period1=2*%pi;
+period2=%pi;
+Vth1=1.8;//V
+I1=200;//A
+Vth2=1.9;//V
+I2=400;//A
+//part (a)
+Ploss1=I1*Vth1*period1/2/%pi;//W
+disp(Ploss1,"(a) Average power loss (in W) : ");
+Ploss2=I2*Vth2*period2/2/%pi;//W
+disp(Ploss2,"(b) Average power loss (in W) : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.15/Ex_1_15.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.15/Ex_1_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ea0990eb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.15/Ex_1_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Example 1_15
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Irms=40;//A
+f=50;//Hz
+period1=170;//degree
+period2=100;//degree
+period3=40;//degree
+//part (a)
+alfa1=%pi-period1*%pi/180;//degree
+Irms_by_Im=sqrt(1/2/%pi*((%pi-alfa1)/2+sin(2*alfa1)/4));
+Im=Irms/Irms_by_Im;//A
+Iav1=Im/2/%pi*(1+cos(alfa1));//A
+disp(Iav1,"(a) Average current (in A) : ");
+//part (b)
+alfa2=%pi-period2*%pi/180;//degree
+Irms_by_Im=sqrt(1/2/%pi*((%pi-alfa2)/2+sin(2*alfa2)/4));
+Im=Irms/Irms_by_Im;//A
+Iav2=Im/2/%pi*(1+cos(alfa2));//A
+disp(Iav2,"(b) Average current (in A) : ");
+//part (c)
+alfa3=%pi-period3*%pi/180;//radian
+Irms_by_Im=sqrt(1/2/%pi*((%pi-alfa3)/2+sin(2*alfa3)/4));
+Im=Irms/Irms_by_Im;//A
+Iav3=Im/2/%pi*(1+cos(alfa3));//A
+disp(Iav3,"(c) Average current (in A) : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.16/Ex_1_16.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.16/Ex_1_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3efc54acd --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.16/Ex_1_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Example 1_16
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+//VT=0.9+0.02*IT;//V
+//part (a)
+IT=20;//A
+VT=0.9+0.02*IT;//V
+Pdiss=VT*IT;//W
+disp(Pdiss,"(a) Mean power dissipation (in W) : ");
+//part (b)
+IT_mean=20;//A
+IT_peak=20*%pi;//A
+Pdiss=1/2/%pi*integrate('(0.9+0.02*IT_peak*sin(theta))*(IT_peak*sin(theta))','theta',0,%pi);//W
+disp(Pdiss,"(b) Mean power dissipation (in W) : ");
+//part (c)
+IT=20;//A//for half cycle
+VT=0.9+0.02*IT;//V
+Pdiss=VT*IT/2;//W
+disp(Pdiss,"(c) Power dissipation occur only during half cycle. Mean power dissipation (W)");
+//part (d)
+IT=20;//A//for half cycle
+VT=0.9+0.02*IT;//V
+Pdiss=VT*IT/3;//W
+disp(Pdiss,"(d) Power dissipation occur only during 1/3rd period in a cycle. Mean power dissipation (W)");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.17/Ex_1_17.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.17/Ex_1_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..531505882 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.17/Ex_1_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 1_17
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data
+Isub=2000;//A
+f=50;//Hz
+t=10*10^-3;//s
+T=2*t;//s//duration of half cycle
+I=sqrt(Isub^2*t/T);//A
+I2t=I^2*t;//A^2 seconds
+disp(I2t,"I^2*t rating in A^2-seconds ");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.18/Ex_1_18.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.18/Ex_1_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b81d5c013 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.18/Ex_1_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 1_18
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data
+Vgate=12;//V
+t=60*10^-6;//s
+cycle=0.3;
+P_peak=6;//W
+//part (a)
+//P_peak=Vg*Ig leads to 9*Ig^2+Ig-P_peak=0
+X=[9 1 -6];//polynomial
+Ig=roots(X);//A
+Ig=Ig(2);//A(taking +ve value)
+Vg=1+9*Ig
+Rg=(Vgate-Vg)/Ig;//ohm
+disp(Rg,"Series resistance Rg in ohm");
+PavgLoss=P_peak*cycle;//W
+disp(PavgLoss,"Average power loss in W ");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.19/Ex_1_19.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.19/Ex_1_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..944fe9f52 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.19/Ex_1_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 1_19
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data
+Vs=12;//V
+P=0.3;//W
+Rs=100;//ohm//as slope is -100V/A
+//Vs=Vg+Ig*Rg leads to Rs*Ig^2-Vs*Ig+P=0
+X=[Rs -Vs P];//polynomial
+Ig=roots(X);//A
+Ig=Ig(2);//A(taking one value)
+disp(Rs,"Source resistance, Rs in ohm ");
+disp(Ig*1000,"Trigger current in mA ");
+Vg=P/Ig;//V
+disp(Vg,"Voltage Vg in V ");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.2/Ex_1_2.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.2/Ex_1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..209ec6816 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.2/Ex_1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 1_2
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data
+dv_dt=190;//V/µs
+IC=8*10^-3;//A
+
+//Solution :
+C=IC/(dv_dt/10^-6);//F
+disp(C,"Capacitance of depletion layer in F : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.20/Ex_1_20.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.20/Ex_1_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..50f1ab952 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.20/Ex_1_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Example 1_20
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data
+V=800;//V
+I=110;//A
+Es=12;//V
+Im=250;//mA
+Ish=600;//mA
+VG=2.4;//V
+IG=50;//mA
+IGm=100;//mA
+VGm=3;//V
+Rs=Es/(Ish*10^-3);//ohm
+disp(Rs,"Value of Rs in ohm ");
+R1=Es/(Im*10^-3)-Rs;//ohm(Assumed R2 is not connected)
+//Rs_plus_R1>=Es/(IGm*10^-3);//ohm
+Rs_plus_R1=Es/(IGm*10^-3);//ohm
+R1_Lower=Rs_plus_R1-Rs;//ohm
+//Rs_plus_R1<=(Es-VG)/(IGm*10^-3);//ohm
+Rs_plus_R1=(Es-VG)/(IG*10^-3);//ohm
+R1_Upper=Rs_plus_R1-Rs;//ohm
+disp("R1 must be more than "+string(R1_Lower)+" ohm and less than "+string(R1_Upper)+" ohm.")
+disp("Let R1 is 125 ohm.");
+R1=125;//ohm
+//R2*Es/(R1+R2+Rs)<=VGm
+R2=(VGm*R1+VGm*Rs)/(Es-VGm);//ohm
+disp("R2<="+string(R2)+" ohm ")
+disp("Let R2 is 48 ohm.");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.21/Ex_1_21.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.21/Ex_1_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8ae51527a --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.21/Ex_1_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 1_21
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+l=0.2;//m
+w=0.01;//m
+d=0.01;//m
+P=3;//W
+Tc=220;//W/m/degreeC
+T1=30;//degreeC
+theta=l/Tc/w/d;//degreeC/W
+T2=P*theta+T1;//degreeC
+disp(T2,"Temperature of the surface in degree C ");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.22/Ex_1_22.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.22/Ex_1_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..68e65b344 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.22/Ex_1_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 1_22
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+l=2/1000;//m
+A=12/10000;//m^2
+T21=4;//degreeC(T2-T1)
+Tc=220;//W/m/degreeC
+theta=l/Tc/A;//degreeC/W
+Losses=T21/theta;//W
+disp(Losses,"Maximum losses in W ");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.23/Ex_1_23.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.23/Ex_1_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..12f900afa --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.23/Ex_1_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 1_23
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+P=30;//W
+T1=125;//degreeC
+T2=50;//degreeC
+theta=1;//degree C/W
+theta_mica=0.3;//degree C/W
+Rth_total=(T1-T2)/P;//degree C/W
+Rth_heat_sink=Rth_total-theta-theta_mica;//degree C/W
+disp(Rth_heat_sink,"Thermal resistance of heat sink in degree C/W ");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.24/Ex_1_25.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.24/Ex_1_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ab8d2295b --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.24/Ex_1_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 1_25
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+T1=120;//degreeC(Junction Temperature)
+T2=35;//degreeC(Ambient Temperature)
+P=40;//W
+theta_dash=0.8;//degree C/W(junction to heat sink)
+theta=(T1-T2)/P;//degree C/W
+disp(theta-theta_dash,"Resistance of heat sink in degree C/W");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.25/Ex_1_25.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.25/Ex_1_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ab8d2295b --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.25/Ex_1_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 1_25
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+T1=120;//degreeC(Junction Temperature)
+T2=35;//degreeC(Ambient Temperature)
+P=40;//W
+theta_dash=0.8;//degree C/W(junction to heat sink)
+theta=(T1-T2)/P;//degree C/W
+disp(theta-theta_dash,"Resistance of heat sink in degree C/W");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.26/Ex_1_26.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.26/Ex_1_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..abbb127e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.26/Ex_1_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 1_26
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Tj=125;//degreeC
+Ts=80;//degreeC
+theta_jc=0.7;//degree C/W
+theta_cs=0.4;//degree C/W
+//part (a)
+Pav1=(Tj-Ts)/(theta_jc+theta_cs);//W
+disp(Pav1,"(a) Average power loss in W")
+//part (b)
+Ts=50;//degreeC
+Pav2=(Tj-Ts)/(theta_jc+theta_cs);//W
+disp(Pav2,"(b) Permisible average power loss in W")
+rating_increase=(sqrt(Pav2)-sqrt(Pav1))/sqrt(Pav1)*100;//%
+disp(rating_increase,"Percentage increase in rating")
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.27/Ex_1_27.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.27/Ex_1_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e9b9e56ca --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.27/Ex_1_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Example 1_27
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=230;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+vc=25;//V
+C=0.6*10^-6;//F
+R=2000:20000;//ohm
+Xc=1/(2*%pi*f*C);//ohm
+//When R=2000 ohm
+Z=min(R)-%i*Xc;//ohm
+I=Vs/Z;//A
+Vc=-%i*I*Xc;//V
+//vc=sqrt(2)*abs(Vc)*sind(omega_t+atand(imag(Vc),real(Vc)))
+omega_t=asind(vc/sqrt(2)/abs(Vc))-atand(imag(Vc),real(Vc));//degree
+alfa1=omega_t;//degree
+
+//When R=20000 ohm
+Z=max(R)-%i*Xc;//ohm
+I=Vs/Z;//A
+Vc=-%i*I*Xc;//V
+//vc=sqrt(2)*abs(Vc)*sind(omega_t+atand(imag(Vc),real(Vc)))
+omega_t=asind(vc/sqrt(2)/abs(Vc))-atand(imag(Vc),real(Vc));//degree
+alfa2=omega_t;//degree
+disp(alfa1,"Minimum firing angle in degree")
+disp(alfa2,"Maximum firing angle in degree")
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.28/Ex_1_28.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.28/Ex_1_28.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dc347bfd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.28/Ex_1_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Example 1_28
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=32;//V
+Eta=0.63;
+Ip=10*10^-6;//A
+Vv=3.5;//V
+Iv=10*10^-3;//A
+Vf=0.5;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+tau=50*10^-3;//s
+T=1/f//s
+Vp=Eta*V+Vf;//V
+C=0.4*10^-6;//F//assumed
+disp(C*10^6,"Suitable value of C in micro F ")
+//V-Ip*R>Vp
+R_upper=(V-Vp)/Ip;//ohm
+//V-Iv*R<Vv
+R_lower=(V-Vv)/Iv;//ohm
+disp("Value of R should be lie between "+string(R_lower)+" ohm to "+string(R_upper)+" ohm")
+R=T/C/log(1/(1-Eta));//ohm
+disp(R,"Suitale value of R in ohm ");
+R4=tau/C;//ohm
+disp(R4,"Suitale value of R4 in ohm ");
+R3=10^4/Eta/V;//ohm
+disp(R3,"Suitale value of R3 in ohm ");
+//Answer for R4 is wrong in the book
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.29/Ex_1_29.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.29/Ex_1_29.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fcc7dfd46 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.29/Ex_1_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example 1_29
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+f=2*1000;//Hz
+Vdc=10;//V
+Eta=0.6;
+Ip=5*10^-3;//A
+Vf=0.5;//V//assumed
+Vp=Eta*Vdc+Vf;//V
+//Vdc-Ip*R>Vp
+R_upper=(Vdc-Vp)/Ip;//ohm
+disp("Value of R should be less than "+string(R_upper)+" ohm")
+C=0.5*10^-6;//F//assumed
+disp(C*10^6,"Let value of C in micro F ")
+T=1/f//s
+R=T/C/log(1/(1-Eta));//ohm
+disp("For C=0.5 micro F, calculated value of R "+string(R)+" ohm. But it is not suitable");
+C=1*10^-6;//F//assumed
+disp(C*10^6,"Let value of C in micro F ")
+R=T/C/log(1/(1-Eta));//ohm
+disp("For C=1 micro F, calculated value of R "+string(R)+" ohm. It is suitable");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.3/Ex_1_3.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.3/Ex_1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dfa6399fa --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.3/Ex_1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Example 1_3
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data
+RG=2000;//ohm
+VCC=20;//V
+VT=0.75;//V
+Vthy=0.7;//V(Voltage across thyristor)
+R=200;//ohm
+IT=7*10^-3;//A
+Ih=5*10^-3;//A
+
+
+//Solution :
+//part (a)
+Vo=VCC;//V////thyristor not conducting
+disp(Vo,"(a) When thyristor is in off state, Output voltage in V")
+//part (b)
+Vs=VT+IT*RG;//V
+disp(Vs,"(b) Voltage necessary to turn on the thyristor in V")
+//part (c)
+VR1=Ih*R;//V
+disp("(c) Current through thyristor should be less than holding current. Voltage should be reduced to less than "+string(VR1)+" V")
+//part (d)
+VR2=VR1+Vthy;//V
+disp("(d) VCC should be reduced to less than "+string(VR2)+" V")
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.30/Ex_1_30.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.30/Ex_1_30.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d7676e5e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.30/Ex_1_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Example 1_30
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=230;//V
+R=1000:22000;//ohm
+Vg=2;//V
+C=0.47*10^-6;//F
+f=50;//Hz
+Xc=1/(2*%pi*f*C);//ohm
+//When R=1000 ohm
+theta=atand(min(R)/Xc);//degree
+Z=min(R)-%i*Xc;//ohm
+I=Vs/Z;//A
+Vc=-%i*I*Xc;//V
+//vc=sqrt(2)*abs(Vc)*sind(omega_t+atand(imag(Vc),real(Vc)))
+omega_t=asind(Vg/sqrt(2)/abs(Vc))-atand(imag(Vc),real(Vc));//degree
+alfa1=omega_t;//degree
+//When R=22000 ohm
+Z=max(R)-%i*Xc;//ohm
+I=Vs/Z;//A
+Vc=-%i*I*Xc;//V
+//vc=sqrt(2)*abs(Vc)*sind(omega_t+atand(imag(Vc),real(Vc)))
+omega_t=asind(Vg/sqrt(2)/abs(Vc))-atand(imag(Vc),real(Vc));//degree
+alfa2=omega_t;//degree
+disp(alfa1,"Minimum firing angle in degree")
+disp(alfa2,"Maximum firing angle in degree")
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.31/Ex_1_31.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.31/Ex_1_31.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a58d37a45 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.31/Ex_1_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 1_31
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+R=0.8;//ohm
+L=10*10^-6;//H
+C=50*10^-6;//F
+//R<sqrt(4*L/C)
+Rupper=sqrt(4*L/C);//ohm
+disp("Maximum value of R should be "+string(Rupper)+" ohm")
+disp("Given value of R is "+string(R)+" ohm. The circuit is underdamped.")
+t0=%pi/sqrt(1/L/C-R^2/4/L^2);//s
+disp(t0,"Time of conduction of thyristor in seconds")
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.32/Ex_1_32.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.32/Ex_1_32.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9bbf77e24 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.32/Ex_1_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 1_32
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=90;//V
+Iload=8;//A
+t_off=40*10^-6;//s
+//Ipeak=2*Iload;//assumed
+//V*sqrt(C/L)=2*Iload
+C_by_L=(2*Iload/V)^2;
+//t_off=%pi/2*sqrt(L*C)
+L_into_C=(t_off/%pi*2)^2;
+C=sqrt(L_into_C*C_by_L);//F
+L=L_into_C/C;//H
+disp(L,"Value of L(H)");
+disp(C,"Value of C(F)");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.33/Ex_1_33.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.33/Ex_1_33.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2eb9f32a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.33/Ex_1_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 1_33
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+RL=10;//ohm
+V=100;//V
+t_off=50*10^-6;//s
+C=t_off/RL/log(2);//F
+disp(C,"Value of C(F)");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.34/Ex_1_34.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.34/Ex_1_34.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ef09f51a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.34/Ex_1_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 1_34
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+IL=40;//A
+VC=100;//V
+t_off=60*10^-6;//s
+C=t_off*IL/VC;//F
+disp(C,"Value of C(F)");
+//L>VC^2*C/IL
+L_lower=VC^2*C/IL^2;//H
+Ip=VC*sqrt(C/L_lower);//A
+disp("Value of L should be greater than "+string(L_lower)+" H. For this value of L, Peak capacitor current is "+string(Ip)+" A. But it should be less than maximum load current.")
+//Let Ip=34.6 A
+Ip=34.6;//A
+L=C/(Ip/VC)^2;//H
+disp(L,"Value of L(H)");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.35/Ex_1_35.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.35/Ex_1_35.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c5c7488f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.35/Ex_1_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 1_35
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vdc=100;//V
+L=0.1*10^-3;//H
+C=10*10^-6;//F
+Vc=100;//V
+t_off_thyristor=25*10^-6;//s
+IL=10;//A
+t_off=Vc*C/IL;//s
+disp("T_off is "+string(t_off)+" seconds. It is greater than thristor turn off time, so it is sufficient for communication.")
+Ip=Vdc*sqrt(C/L);//A
+disp(Ip,"Current rating(A)");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.36/Ex_1_36.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.36/Ex_1_36.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..025ee6db6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.36/Ex_1_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 1_36
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+dv_by_dt=25/10^-6;//V/s
+L=0.2*10^-3;//H
+Vrms=230;//V
+damping=0.65;//damping factor
+Vm=sqrt(2)*Vrms;//V
+C=1/(2*L)*[0.564*Vm/dv_by_dt]^2;//F
+R=2*damping*sqrt(L/C);//ohm
+disp(C,"Value of C(F)");
+disp(R,"Value of R(ohm)");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.37/Ex_1_37.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.37/Ex_1_37.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a326cadcd --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.37/Ex_1_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 1_37
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=300;//V
+RL=10;//ohm
+L=0;//H
+Ith=100;//A
+f=2000;//Hz
+dv_by_dt=100*10^6;//V/s
+//dv/dt=(vth(tau)-vth(0))/tau
+//dv/dt=RL*(1-0.368)*V/(R+RL)/((R+RL)*C)
+R=V/Ith;//ohm
+C=RL*(1-0.368)*V/(R+RL)/(R+RL)/dv_by_dt
+disp(R,"Value of R(ohm)");
+disp(C,"Value of C(F)");
+Ploss=1/2*C*V^2*f;//W
+disp(Ploss,"Power loss in snubber circuit(W)")
+disp("Power rating of resitance is "+string(Ploss)+" W as all energy will be disspated in the resistance.")
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.38/Ex_1_38.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.38/Ex_1_38.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..27c335db8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.38/Ex_1_38.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 1_38
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+R=4;//ohm
+L=6*10^-6;//H
+C=6*10^-6;//F
+V=300;//V
+di_by_dt_max=V/L;//A/s
+Isc=V/R;//A
+dvc_by_dt=R*di_by_dt_max+Isc/C;//V/s
+disp(di_by_dt_max,"Maximum permissible value of di/dt(A/s)");
+disp(dvc_by_dt,"Maximum permissible value of dv/dt(V/s)");
+
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.39/Ex_1_39.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.39/Ex_1_39.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..040090ade --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.39/Ex_1_39.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Example 1_39
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+RL=8;//ohm
+V=230;//V
+Ip=100;//A
+SF=2;//safety factor
+di_by_dt_max=40/10^-6/2;//A/s
+dv_by_dt_max=150/10^-6/2;//V/s
+
+ L=sqrt(2)*V/di_by_dt_max;//H
+disp(L,"Value of L(H)");
+R=L/(sqrt(2)*V)*dv_by_dt_max;//ohm
+disp(R,"Value of R(ohm)");
+IL_peak=(sqrt(2)*V)/RL;//A
+Ic_peak=(sqrt(2)*V)/R;//A
+Itotal=IL_peak+Ic_peak;//A
+disp(Itotal,"Total current through capacitor for these values(A)");
+disp("Itotal>Ip, therefore value of R should be increased.");
+Ic_max=Ip-IL_peak;//A
+R=(sqrt(2)*V)/Ic_max;//ohm
+R=ceil(R);//ohm
+disp(R,"New Value of R(ohm)");
+damping=0.65;
+C=4*damping^2*L/R^2;//F
+disp(C*10^6,"Value of C(micro F)");
+disp(L*10^6,"Value of L(micro H)");
+//Ic_switching=C*dv/dt
+dv_by_dt=sqrt(2)*V/(R+RL)/C;//V/s
+disp("Value of dv/dt is "+string(dv_by_dt)+" V/s. It is within the limit for the calculated value of R, L & C. Design is safe.")
+
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.4/Ex_1_4.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.4/Ex_1_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..acef6a5a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.4/Ex_1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example 1_4
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data
+IG=poly(0,'IG');//A
+VG=1+9*IG;//V
+Vgate=25;//V
+t=%pi;//radian(duration)
+Pavg=0.6;//W
+
+//Solution :
+Ploss=Pavg*2*%pi/t;//W
+//Ploss=VG*IG
+X=VG*IG-Ploss;
+IG=roots(X);//A
+IG=IG(2);//A(taking +ve value only)
+VG=1+9*IG;//V
+//Vgate=RG*IG+VG
+RG=(Vgate-VG)/IG;//ohm
+disp(VG,"VG in V");
+disp(IG,"IG in A");
+disp(RG,"RG in ohm");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.40/Ex_1_40.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.40/Ex_1_40.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..762399a98 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.40/Ex_1_40.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 1_40
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=230;//V
+R1=2;//ohm
+R2=5;//ohm
+R3=1;//ohm
+R4=6;//ohm
+R5=5;//ohm
+Isqr_t=30;//A^2-s
+R=R1+R2*R3/(R2+R3);//ohm(X grounded)
+Ifault=sqrt(2)*V/R;//A
+tc=Isqr_t/Ifault^2;//s
+disp(tc,"Fault clearing time in seconds");
+
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.5/Ex_1_5.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.5/Ex_1_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4b3415dca --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.5/Ex_1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 1_5
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data
+Vdc=100;//V
+L=10;//H
+i=80*10^-3;//A
+
+//Solution :
+t=i*L/Vdc;//s
+disp("Width of pulse should be more than "+string(t*1000)+" milli-seconds.");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.6/Ex_1_6.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.6/Ex_1_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..af17d7c64 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.6/Ex_1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 1_6
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data
+Vdc=100;//V
+R=10;//ohm
+L=5;//H
+i=50*10^-3;//A
+
+//Solution :
+//i=Vdc/R*(1-exp(-R*t/L))
+t=-log(1-i/Vdc*R)/R*L;//s
+disp("Minimum width of gate pulse is "+string(t*1000)+" milli-seconds.");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.7/Ex_1_7.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.7/Ex_1_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0917d8fa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.7/Ex_1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 1_7
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data
+i_latch=40*10^-3;//A
+t=40*10^-6;//s
+Vdc=90;//V
+R=25;//ohm
+L=0.5;//H
+
+//Solution :
+i=Vdc/R*(1-exp(-R*t/L));//A
+disp("Current in the circuit is "+string(i)+" A, it is less than latchig current, the thyristor will not turn on.");
+R=Vdc/(i_latch-i);//ohm
+disp("Maximum value of R is "+string(R)+" ohm.");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.8/Ex_1_8.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.8/Ex_1_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a9180dcbd --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.8/Ex_1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 1_8
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data
+i_h=50*10^-3;//A
+t=50*10^-6;//s
+Vdc=100;//V
+R=20;//ohm
+L=0.5;//H
+
+//Solution :
+i=Vdc/R*(1-exp(-R*t/L));//A
+//i<i_h;;;so thyristor will return to off state
+iR=i_h-i;//A//current through R
+R=Vdc/iR;//ohm
+disp("Maximum value of R is "+string(R)+" ohm.");
diff --git a/2231/CH1/EX1.9/Ex_1_9.sce b/2231/CH1/EX1.9/Ex_1_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..629a721cb --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH1/EX1.9/Ex_1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 1_9
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=240;//Volt
+f=50;//Hz
+R=5;//ohm
+L=0.05;//H
+theta=atand(2*%pi*f*L/R);//degree
+Vm=V*sqrt(2);//Volt
+//sind(fi-theta)=0;//for no current transient
+fi=theta+asind(0);//degree
+disp(fi,"For no current transient, triggering angle in degree");
+//sind(fi-theta)=1;//for worst current transient
+fi=theta+asind(1);//degree
+disp(fi,"For worst current transient, triggering angle in degree");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.1/Ex_2_1.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.1/Ex_2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3820625e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.1/Ex_2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 2_1
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vin=400;//V
+alfa=30;//degree
+R=50;//ohm
+
+//Solution :
+Vdc=Vin/%pi/2*(1+cosd(alfa));//V
+disp(Vdc,"Average load voltage(V) : ");
+I=Vdc/R;//A
+disp(I,"Average load current(A) : ");
+Vrms=Vin*sqrt((180-alfa)/4/180+sind(2*alfa)/8/%pi);//V
+disp(Vrms,"rms load voltage(V) : ");
+Irms=Vrms/R;//A
+disp(Irms,"rms load current(A) : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.10/Ex_2_10.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.10/Ex_2_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e1074e23e --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.10/Ex_2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example 2_10
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=230;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+Vdc=100;//V
+Ip=15;//A
+alfa=30;//degree
+
+//Solution :
+//Vdc=2*Vm*cosd(alfa)/%pi-2*1.7//(Full converter bridge)
+Vm=(Vdc+2*1.7)/2/cosd(alfa)*%pi;//V
+Vrms=Vm/sqrt(2);//V
+TurnRatio=Vs/Vrms;
+disp(TurnRatio,"(a) Turn ratio of transformer");
+Irms=sqrt(Ip^2/2);//A
+Rating=Vrms*Ip;//VA
+disp(Rating,"(b) Transformer rating in VA");
+PIV=Vm;//V
+disp(PIV,"(c) PIV in V");
+disp(Irms,"(d) RMS value of thyristor current in A");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.11/Ex_2_11.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.11/Ex_2_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c3dd30663 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.11/Ex_2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 2_11
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=230;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+alfa=90;//degree
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=Vs*sqrt(2);//V
+Vdc=Vm/%pi*(1+cosd(alfa))//V
+disp(Vdc,"Vdc in V");
+Vrms=Vm/sqrt(2)*sqrt(1/%pi*[%pi-%pi/2+sin(%pi)/2]);//V
+disp(Vrms,"Vrms in V");
+FormFactor=Vrms/Vdc;
+disp(FormFactor,"Form factor");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.12/Ex_2_12.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.12/Ex_2_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..67e91ca5b --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.12/Ex_2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Example 2_12
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=230;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+alfa=90;//degree
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=Vs*sqrt(2);//V
+Vdc=Vm/%pi*(1+cosd(alfa))//V
+disp(Vdc,"Vdc in V");
+Vrms=Vm/sqrt(2)*sqrt(1/%pi*[%pi-%pi/2+sin(%pi)/2]);//V
+disp(Vrms,"Vrms in V");
+Is_by_I=sqrt(1-%pi/2/%pi);
+Is1_by_I=2*sqrt(2)/%pi*cos(%pi/4);
+HF=sqrt((Is_by_I/Is1_by_I)^2-1);//unitless
+disp(HF,"Harmonic factor");
+theta1=-alfa/2*%pi/180;//radian
+DF=cos(theta1);//unitless
+disp(DF,"Displacement factor");
+PF=(Is1_by_I/Is_by_I)*DF;//lagging
+disp(PF,"Power factor(lagging)");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.13/Ex_2_13.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.13/Ex_2_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8044de8ae --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.13/Ex_2_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Example 2_13
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=230;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+alfa=%pi/3;//radian
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=Vs*sqrt(2);//V
+Vdc=2*Vm/%pi*cos(alfa)//V
+disp(Vdc,"Vdc in V");
+Vrms=Vs;//V
+disp(Vrms,"Vrms in V");
+Is_by_I=sqrt(1-%pi/2/%pi);
+Is1_by_I=2*sqrt(2)/%pi*cos(%pi/4);
+HF=sqrt((Is_by_I/Is1_by_I)^2-1);//unitless
+disp(HF,"Harmonic factor");
+fi1=-alfa;//radian
+DF=cos(fi1);//unitless
+disp(DF,"Displacement factor");
+PF=(Is1_by_I/Is_by_I)*DF;//lagging
+disp(PF,"Power factor(lagging)");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.14/Ex_2_14.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.14/Ex_2_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9e238c5e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.14/Ex_2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//Example 2_14
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=230;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+alfa=30*%pi/180;//radian
+I=4;//A
+
+//Solution :
+disp("part (a)");
+Vm=Vs*sqrt(2);//V
+Vdc=2*Vm/%pi*cos(alfa)//V
+RL=Vdc/I;//ohm
+IL=I*2*sqrt(2)/%pi;//A
+Pin_active=Vs*IL*cos(alfa);//W
+Pin_reactive=Vs*IL*sin(alfa);//vars
+Pin_appearent=Vs*IL;//VA
+disp(Vdc,"dc output voltage(V)");
+disp(Pin_active,"Active power input(W)");
+disp(Pin_reactive,"Reactive power input(vars)");
+disp(Pin_appearent,"Appearent power input(VA)");
+disp("part (b)");
+Vdc=Vm/%pi*(1+cos(alfa))//V
+IL=Vdc/RL;//A
+I_fund=2*sqrt(2)/%pi*IL*cos(alfa/2);//A
+Pin_active=Vs*I_fund*cos(alfa/2);//W
+Pin_reactive=Vs*I_fund*sin(alfa/2);//vars
+Pin_appearent=Vs*I_fund;//VA
+disp(Vdc,"dc output voltage(V)");
+disp(Pin_active,"Active power input(W)");
+disp(Pin_reactive,"Reactive power input(vars)");
+disp(Pin_appearent,"Appearent power input(VA)");
+disp("part (c)");
+Vdc=Vs/sqrt(2)/%pi*(1+cos(alfa))//V
+Idc=Vdc/RL;//A
+disp(Vdc,"dc output voltage(V)");
+disp(Idc,"dc output current(A)");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.15/Ex_2_15.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.15/Ex_2_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..604e8ca15 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.15/Ex_2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Example 2_15
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=230;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+alfa=30;//degree
+IL=10;//A
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=Vs*sqrt(2);//V
+Vdc=2*Vm/%pi*cosd(alfa)//V
+disp(Vdc,"(a) dc output voltage(V)");
+Irms=IL;//A
+disp(Irms,"(b) Irms in A");
+Is1=2*sqrt(2)/%pi*IL;//A
+disp(Is1,"(c) Fundamental component of input current in A");
+DF=cosd(-alfa);//unitless
+disp(DF,"(d) Displacement fator");
+pf_in=Is1/IL*DF;//lagging
+disp(pf_in,"(e) Input power fator(lagging)");
+HF=sqrt((IL/Is1)^2-1);//unitless
+disp(HF,"(f) Harmonic factor");
+Vrms=Vs;//V
+FF=Vrms/Vdc;//form fator
+RF=sqrt(FF^2-1);//ripple fator
+disp(RF,"(g) Ripple factor");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.16/Ex_2_16.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.16/Ex_2_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..73c54b5cb --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.16/Ex_2_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Example 2_16
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=240;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+alfa=60;//degree
+RL=10;//ohm
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=Vs*sqrt(2);//V
+Vdc=Vm/%pi*(1+cosd(alfa))//V
+disp(Vdc,"(a) average load voltage(V)");
+I=Vdc/RL;//A
+Is=I*sqrt(1-alfa/180);//A
+Irms=Is;//A
+disp(Irms,"(b) rms input current(A)");
+Is1=2*sqrt(2)/%pi*I*cosd(alfa/2);//A
+fi1=-alfa/2;//degree
+DF=cosd(fi1);//unitless
+pf_in=Is1/Is*DF;//lagging
+disp(pf_in,"(c) Input power fator(lagging)");
+Pavg=I^2*RL;//W
+disp(Pavg,"(d) Average power dissipated(W)");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.17/Ex_2_17.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.17/Ex_2_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2fe929085 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.17/Ex_2_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Example 2_17
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+IL=200;//A
+VL=400;//V
+Vdc=360;//V
+variation=10;//%
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=VL*sqrt(2)/sqrt(3);//V
+//Vdc=3*sqrt(3)/%pi*Vm*cosd(alfa)//V
+alfa=acosd(Vdc/(3*sqrt(3)/%pi*Vm))//degree
+disp(alfa,"Firing angle in degree");
+S=sqrt(3)*VL*IL;//VA
+disp(S,"Apparent power(VA)");
+P=S*cosd(alfa);//W
+disp(P,"Active power(W)");
+Q=sqrt(S^2-P^2);//vars
+disp(Q,"Rective power(vars)");
+Vac1=(1+variation/100)*VL;//V
+alfa1=acosd(Vdc/(3*Vac1*sqrt(2)/%pi));//degree
+Vac2=(1-variation/100)*VL;//V
+alfa2=acosd(Vdc/(3*Vac2*sqrt(2)/%pi));//degree
+disp(alfa1,"When variation is +10%, firing angle(degree)");
+disp(alfa2,"When variation is -10%, firing angle(degree)");
+//Answer in the book is wrong for some part.
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.18/Ex_2_18.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.18/Ex_2_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e2f866d36 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.18/Ex_2_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Example 2_18
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=400;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+Idc=150;//A
+alfa=60;//degree
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=Vs*sqrt(2)/sqrt(3);//V
+Vdc=3*sqrt(3)/%pi*Vm*cosd(alfa)//V
+Pdc=Vdc*Idc;//W
+disp(Pdc,"Output power, Pdc(W)");
+Iavg=Idc/3;//A
+disp(Iavg,"Average thyristor current(A)");
+Irms=Idc/sqrt(3);//A
+disp(Irms,"RMS value of thyristor current(A)");
+Ipeak=Idc;//A
+disp(Ipeak,"Peak current through thyristor(A)");
+PIV=sqrt(2)*Vs;//V
+disp(PIV,"Peak inverse voltage(V)");
+//Answer of first part in the book is wrong.
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.19/Ex_2_19.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.19/Ex_2_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e6124b068 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.19/Ex_2_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example 2_19
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=415;//V
+Vdc=460;//V
+I=200;//A
+f=50;//Hz
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=V*sqrt(2)/sqrt(3);//V
+alfa=acosd(Vdc/(3*sqrt(3)/%pi*Vm));//degree
+disp(alfa,"Converter firing angle(degree)");
+Pdc=Vdc*I;//W
+disp(Pdc/1000,"dc power(kW)");
+IL=I*sqrt(120/180);//A
+disp(IL,"AC line current(A)");
+Ipeak=I;//A
+Irms=Ipeak*sqrt(120/360);//A
+disp(Irms,"RMS value of thyristor current(A)");
+Iavg=Ipeak/3;//A
+disp(Iavg,"Average thyristor current(A)");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.2/Ex_2_2.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.2/Ex_2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ff2d994a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.2/Ex_2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 2_2
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vo=50;//V
+R=10;//ohm
+//Vin=100*sin(omega*t);//V
+Vm=100;//V
+
+//Solution :
+omega_t=asin(Vo/Vm);//radian
+Iavg=1/2/%pi*integrate('(Vm*sin(omega_t)-Vo)/R','omega_t',omega_t,omega_t+2*%pi/3);//A
+disp(Iavg,"Average current in the circuit(A) : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.20/Ex_2_20.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.20/Ex_2_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..24257b2e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.20/Ex_2_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 2_20
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=230;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+emf=200;//V
+Rint=0.5;//ohm
+I=20;//A
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=Vs*sqrt(2)/sqrt(3);//V
+Vdc=emf+Rint*I;//V
+alfa=acosd(Vdc/(3*sqrt(3)/%pi*Vm));//degree
+disp(alfa,"Firing angle(degree)");
+Pout=emf*I+I^2*Rint;//W
+Is=sqrt(I^2*120/180);//A
+cos_theta=Pout/(sqrt(3)*Vs*Is);//power factor
+disp(cos_theta,"Input power factor(lagging)");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.21/Ex_2_21.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.21/Ex_2_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2c5a9336f --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.21/Ex_2_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +//Example 2_21
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=400;//V
+R=10;//ohm
+f=50;//Hz
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=Vs*sqrt(2)/sqrt(3);//V
+Vdc_max=3*sqrt(3)*Vm/2/%pi*(1+cosd(0));//V
+//Vdc should be Vdc_max/2
+Vdc=Vdc_max*50/100;//V
+alfa=acosd(1-Vdc/(3*sqrt(3)*Vm/2/%pi));//degree
+disp(alfa,"Firing angle(degree)");
+Idc=Vdc/R;//A
+disp(Idc,"Average output current(A)");
+Vrms=sqrt(3)*Vm*sqrt(3/4/%pi*(%pi-%pi/2+sin(%pi)/2));//V
+Irms=Vrms/R;//A
+disp(Vrms,"RMS output voltage(V)");
+disp(Irms,"RMS output current(A)");
+Iavg_thy=Idc/3;//A
+disp(Iavg_thy,"Average thyristor current(A)");
+Irms_thy=Irms/sqrt(3);//A
+disp(Irms_thy,"RMS thyristor current(A)");
+Eff=Vdc*Idc/(Vrms*Irms)*100;//%
+disp(Eff,"Rectification Efficiency(%)");
+Iline_rms=Irms*sqrt(120/180);//A
+VA_in=3*Vs*Iline_rms/sqrt(3);//VA
+TUF=Vdc*Idc/VA_in;
+disp(TUF,"Transformer utilisation factor");
+Pin_active=Irms^2*R;//W
+pf_in=Pin_active/VA_in;//lagging
+disp(pf_in,"Input power factor(lagging)");
+//Answer in the book is wrong for some part.
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.22/Ex_2_22.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.22/Ex_2_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d168873c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.22/Ex_2_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//Example 2_22
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=400;//V
+R=10;//ohm
+f=50;//Hz
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=Vs*sqrt(2)/sqrt(3);//V
+alfa=60;//degree(For 50% output voltage)
+Vdc=3*sqrt(3)*Vm/%pi*cosd(alfa);//V
+alfa=acosd(Vdc/3/sqrt(3)/Vm*%pi);//V
+disp(alfa,"Firing angle in degree");
+Idc=Vdc/R;//A
+disp(Idc,"Average output current(A)");
+Vrms=sqrt(3)*Vm*sqrt(0.5+3*sqrt(3)/4/%pi*cosd(2*alfa));//V
+Irms=Vrms/R;//A
+disp(Vrms,"RMS output voltage(V)");
+disp(Irms,"RMS output current(A)");
+Iavg_thy=Idc/3;//A
+disp(Iavg_thy,"Average thyristor current(A)");
+Irms_thy=Irms/sqrt(3);//A
+disp(Irms_thy,"RMS thyristor current(A)");
+Eff=Vdc*Idc/(Vrms*Irms)*100;//%
+disp(Eff,"Rectification Efficiency(%)");
+Iline_rms=Irms*sqrt(120/180);//A
+VA_in=3*Vs*Iline_rms/sqrt(3);//VA
+TUF=Vdc*Idc/VA_in;
+disp(TUF,"Transformer utilisation factor");
+Pin_active=Irms^2*R;//W
+pf_in=Pin_active/VA_in;//lagging
+disp(pf_in,"Input power factor(lagging)");
+//Answer in the book is wrong for some part.
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.25/Ex_2_25.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.25/Ex_2_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a93c45c9a --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.25/Ex_2_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 2_25
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=400;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+Eb=300;//V
+
+//Solution :
+Vdc=Eb;//V
+Vm=Vs*sqrt(2);//V
+//Vdc=3*sqrt(3)/2/%pi*Vm*cosd(alfa);//V
+alfa=acosd(Vdc/(3*sqrt(3)/2/%pi*Vm));//degree
+disp(alfa,"Firing angle(degree)");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.3/Ex_2_3.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.3/Ex_2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..473e3995f --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.3/Ex_2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 2_3
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Eb=55.5;//V
+R=10;//ohm
+//Vin=110*sin(omega*t);//V
+Vm=110*sqrt(2);//V
+
+//Solution :
+omega_t=asind(Eb/Vm);//degree
+Iavg=1/2/180*integrate('(Vm*sind(omega_t)-Eb)/R','omega_t',omega_t,180-omega_t);//A
+disp(Iavg,"Average current in the circuit(A) : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.4/Ex_2_4.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.4/Ex_2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a990fd70d --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.4/Ex_2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +//Example 2_4
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=230;//V
+R=15;//ohm
+alfa=%pi/2;//radian
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=sqrt(2)*Vs;//V
+Vdc=Vm/2/%pi*(1+cos(alfa));//V
+disp(Vdc,"Vdc(V) : ");
+Idc=Vdc/R;//A
+disp(Idc,"Idc(A) : ");
+Vrms=Vm*sqrt((%pi-alfa)/4/%pi+sin(%pi)/8/%pi);//V
+disp(Vrms,"Vrms(V) : ");
+Irms=Vrms/R;//A
+disp(Irms,"Irms(A) : ");
+Pdc=Vdc*Idc;//W
+disp(Pdc,"Pdc(W) : ");
+Pac=Vrms*Irms;//W
+disp(Pac,"Pac(W) : ");
+R_eff=Pdc/Pac;//rectification efficiency
+disp(R_eff,"Rectification efficiency(unitless) : ");
+Kf=Vrms/Vdc;//Form factor
+disp(Kf,"Form factor(unitless) : ");
+Kr=sqrt(Kf^2-1);//Ripple factor
+disp(Kr,"Ripple factor(unitless) : ");
+VA_rating=Vs*Irms;//VA
+disp(VA_rating,"VoltAmpere rating(VA) : ");
+TUF=Pdc/VA_rating;//Transformer utilization factor
+disp(TUF,"Transformer utilization factor(unitless) : ");
+PIV=Vm;//V
+disp(PIV,"Peak Inverse Voltage across thyristor(V) : ");
+//Ans in the book is wrong for some part.
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.5/Ex_2_5.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.5/Ex_2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e9146035a --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.5/Ex_2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 2_5
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vo=150;//V
+R=30;//ohm
+alfa=45;//degree
+
+//Solution :
+Vdc=sqrt(2)*Vo/%pi*(1+cosd(alfa));//V
+disp(Vdc,"Average dc Voltage(V) : ");
+Iavg=Vdc/R;//A
+disp(Iavg,"Average load current(A) : ");
+Vrms=sqrt(2)*Vo*sqrt((180-alfa)/2/180+sind(90)/4/%pi );//V
+disp(Vrms,"rms load Voltage(V) : ");
+Irms=Vrms/R;//A
+disp(Irms,"rms load current(A) : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.6/Ex_2_6.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.6/Ex_2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..486c4da64 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.6/Ex_2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example 2_6
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=230;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+Vdc=100;//V
+Ip=15;//A
+alfa=30;//degree
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=Vdc*%pi/(2*cosd(alfa))+1.7;//V
+Vrms_2nd=Vm/sqrt(2);//V
+TurnRatio=Vs/Vrms_2nd;
+disp(TurnRatio,"(a) Turn ratio of transformer");
+Irms_2nd=sqrt(Ip^2/2);//A
+Rating=2*Vrms_2nd*Irms_2nd;//VA
+disp(Rating,"(b) Transformer rating in VA");
+PIV=2*Vm;//V
+disp(PIV,"(c) PIV in V");
+disp(Irms_2nd,"(d) RMS value of thyristor current in A");
+///Answer in the book is wrong for some part.
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.7/Ex_2_7.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.7/Ex_2_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ed7d22203 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.7/Ex_2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 2_7
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+P=10;//kW
+Idc=50;//A
+SF=2;//safety factor
+
+//Solution :
+Vdc=P*1000/Idc;//V
+alfa=0;//degree
+Vm=Vdc*%pi/(2*cosd(alfa))+1.7;//V
+PIV=2*Vm;//V
+Vthy=SF*PIV;//V
+disp(Vthy,"(a) Voltage rating of thristor in V");
+PIV=Vm;//V//for bridge rectifier
+Vthy=SF*PIV;//V
+disp(Vthy,"(b) Voltage rating of thristor in V");
+///Answer in the book is wrong.
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.8/Ex_2_8.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.8/Ex_2_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..86e9139c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.8/Ex_2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Example 2_8
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Vs=230;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+Io=15;//A
+R=0.5;//ohm
+L=0.3;//H
+E1=100;//V
+E2=-100;//V
+
+//Solution :
+///part (a)
+Vm=sqrt(2)*Vs;//V
+//2*Vm/%pi*cosd(alfa)=E1+Io*R
+alfa1=acosd((E1+Io*R)/(2*Vm/%pi));//degree
+disp(alfa1,"(a) Firing angle in degree");
+///part (b)
+alfa2=acosd((E2+Io*R)/(2*Vm/%pi));//degree
+disp(alfa2,"(b) Firing angle in degree");
+disp("Part(c)");
+//Pin=Vs*Io*cosd(theta)
+Pout=E1*Io+Io^2*R;//W
+//Pin=Pout
+cos_theta=(Pout/Vs/Io);//laging
+disp(cos_theta,"When E=100, input power factor(lagging)");
+Pout=-E2*Io-Io^2*R;//W
+//Pin=Pout
+cos_theta=(Pout/Vs/Io);//laging
+disp(cos_theta,"When E=-100, input power factor(lagging)");
diff --git a/2231/CH2/EX2.9/Ex_2_9.sce b/2231/CH2/EX2.9/Ex_2_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e61a751c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH2/EX2.9/Ex_2_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 2_9
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=230;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+R=5;//ohm
+L=8*10^-3;//H
+E=50;//V
+alfa=40;//degree
+
+//Solution :
+//Vdc=2*sqrt(2)*V*cosd(alfa)/%pi=E+Io*R
+Io=(2*sqrt(2)*V*cosd(alfa)/%pi-E)/R;//A
+disp(Io,"Average value of load current in A");
diff --git a/2231/CH3/EX3.1/Ex_3_1.sce b/2231/CH3/EX3.1/Ex_3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6cdbd93a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH3/EX3.1/Ex_3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 3_1
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+R=80;//ohm
+L=8;///mH
+C=1.2;// micro F
+
+//Solution :
+if R^2<4*(L*10^-3)/(C*10^-6) then
+ disp("As R^2<4*L/C, Circuit will work as a series inverter.");
+else
+ disp("As R^2>4*L/C, Circuit will not work as a series inverter.");
+end
+omega_m=sqrt(1/(L*10^-3*C*10^-6)-R^2/4/(L*10^-3)^2);//rad/s
+fm=omega_m/2/%pi;//Hz
+disp(fm,"Maximum frequency in Hz : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH3/EX3.2/Ex_3_2.sce b/2231/CH3/EX3.2/Ex_3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..576f6de81 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH3/EX3.2/Ex_3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 3_2
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+R=80;//ohm
+L=8;///mH
+C=1.2;// micro F
+Toff=14;//micro sec
+
+//Solution :
+omega_m=sqrt(1/(L*10^-3*C*10^-6)-R^2/4/(L*10^-3)^2);//rad/s
+fm=omega_m/2/%pi;//Hz
+T=1/fm;//sec
+f=1/(T+2*Toff*10^-6);//Hz
+disp(f,"Frequency of output in Hz : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH3/EX3.3/Ex_3_3.sce b/2231/CH3/EX3.3/Ex_3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4b8883de0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH3/EX3.3/Ex_3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 3_3
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+RL=3;//in ohm
+V=30;//in V
+
+//Solution :
+Vpeak=2*V/%pi;//V
+Vrms=Vpeak/sqrt(2);//V
+disp(Vrms,"(a) RMS value of output voltage(V) : ");
+//VL=sqrt(2/T*integrate('(V/2)^2','t',0,T/2));//V
+VL=V/2;//V
+Pout=VL^2/RL;//W
+disp(Pout,"(b) Output power(W) : ");
+Ipeak=VL/RL;//A
+disp(Ipeak,"(c) Peak current in thyristor(A) : ");
+Iavg=Ipeak*50/100;//A
+disp(Iavg,"(d) Average current of each thyristor(A) : ");
+Vprb=2*VL;//V
+disp(Vprb,"(e) Peak reverse braking voltage(V) : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH3/EX3.4/Ex_3_4.sce b/2231/CH3/EX3.4/Ex_3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ec8f3f40a --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH3/EX3.4/Ex_3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 3_4
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+RL=3;//in ohm
+V=30;//in V
+
+//Solution :
+Vpeak=4*V/%pi;//V
+Vrms=Vpeak/sqrt(2);//V
+disp(Vrms,"(a) RMS value of output voltage in volt : ");
+//VL=sqrt(2/T*integrate('V^2','t',0,T/2));//V
+VL=V;//V
+Pout=VL^2/RL;//W
+disp(Pout,"(b) Output power(W) : ");
+Ipeak=VL/RL;//A
+disp(Ipeak,"(c) Peak current in thyristor(A) : ");
+Iavg=Ipeak*50/100;//A
+disp(Iavg,"(d) Average current of each thyristor(A) : ");
+Vprb=VL;//V
+disp(Vprb,"(e) Peak reverse braking voltage(V) : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH3/EX3.5/Ex_3_5.sce b/2231/CH3/EX3.5/Ex_3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5a0667273 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH3/EX3.5/Ex_3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//Example 3_5
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=200;//V
+R=10;//in ohm
+L=20;//mH
+C=100;//pF
+f=50;//Hz
+
+//Solution :
+Z1=R+%i*(2*%pi*f*L*10^-3-1/(2*%pi*f*C*10^-6));//ohm
+Z3=R+%i*(3*2*%pi*f*L*10^-3-1/(3*2*%pi*f*C*10^-6));//ohm
+Z5=R+%i*(5*2*%pi*f*L*10^-3-1/(5*2*%pi*f*C*10^-6));//ohm
+Z7=R+%i*(7*2*%pi*f*L*10^-3-1/(7*2*%pi*f*C*10^-6));//ohm
+Z9=R+%i*(9*2*%pi*f*L*10^-3-1/(9*2*%pi*f*C*10^-6));//ohm
+I=4*V/%pi/abs(Z1);//A
+Irms=I/sqrt(2);//A
+disp(Irms,"RMS load current(A)");
+Ip=sqrt((4*V/%pi/abs(Z1))^2+(4*V/3/%pi/abs(Z3))^2+(4*V/5/%pi/abs(Z5))^2+(4*V/7/%pi/abs(Z7))^2+(4*V/9/%pi/abs(Z9))^2);//A
+disp(Ip,"Peak value of load current(A)");
+Ih=sqrt(Ip^2-I^2)/sqrt(2);//A
+disp(Ih,"RMS harmonic current(A)");
+hd=sqrt(Ip^2-I^2)/I;//harmonic distortion
+disp(hd*100,"Harmonic distortion(%)");
+Irms_load=Ip/sqrt(2);//A
+Pout=Irms_load^2*R;//W
+disp(Pout,"Total output power(W)");
+Pout_com=Irms^2*R;//W(fundamental component)
+disp(Pout_com,"Fundamental component of power(W)");
+Iavg_in=Pout/V;//A
+disp(Iavg_in,"Average input current(A)");
+Ip_thy=Ip;//A
+disp(Ip_thy,"Peak thyristor current(A)");
diff --git a/2231/CH3/EX3.6/Ex_3_6.sce b/2231/CH3/EX3.6/Ex_3_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..afb7417c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH3/EX3.6/Ex_3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 3_6
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+R=2;//in ohm
+XL=10;//ohm
+f=4;//kHz
+Toff=12;//micro sec
+
+//Solution :
+Toff_time=Toff*1.5;//micro sec
+theta=2*%pi*f*10^3*Toff_time*10^-6;//radians
+Xc=tan(theta)*R+XL;//ohm
+C=1/(2*%pi*f*1000*Xc);//F
+disp(C,"Value of Capacitance in F : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH3/EX3.7/Ex_3_7.sce b/2231/CH3/EX3.7/Ex_3_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f3097ee3f --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH3/EX3.7/Ex_3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 3_7
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=400;//V
+R=10;//in ohm/phase
+
+//Solution :
+Ipeak=V/2/R;//A
+Irms=sqrt(Ipeak^2*2/3);//A
+disp(Irms,"RMS load current in A : ");
+Pout=Irms^2*R*3;//W
+disp(Pout,"Power output(W) : ");
+Iavg=Ipeak/3;//A
+disp(Iavg,"Average thyristor current(A) : ");
+Irms_thyristor=sqrt(Ipeak^2/3);//A
+disp(Irms_thyristor,"RMS value of thyristor current(A) : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8.sce b/2231/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ea3508769 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 3_8
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=400;//V
+R=10;//in ohm/phase
+
+//Solution :
+RL=R+R/2;//ohm
+i1=V/RL;//A
+i2=V/RL;//A
+i3=V/RL;//A
+Irms_load=sqrt(1/2/%pi*(integrate('i1^2','theta',0,2*%pi/3)+integrate('(i1/2)^2','theta',2*%pi/3,2*%pi)));//A
+disp(Irms_load,"RMS load current in A : ");
+Pout=Irms_load^2*R*3;//W
+disp(Pout,"Power output(W): ");
+Ipeak=i1;//A
+Iavg=1/2/%pi*[Ipeak*%pi/3+Ipeak/2*2*%pi/3];//A
+disp(Iavg,"Average thyristor current(A) : ");
+Irms_thyristor=sqrt(1/2/%pi*[Ipeak^2*%pi/3+(Ipeak/2)^2*2*%pi/3]);//A
+disp(Irms_thyristor,"RMS value of thyristor current(A) : ");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.1/Ex_4_1.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.1/Ex_4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..84a19d266 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.1/Ex_4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 4_1
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=230;//V
+Vav=150;//V
+f=1*1000;//Hz
+
+//Solution :
+T=1/f;//s
+Ton=Vav*T/V;//s
+Toff=T-Ton;//s
+disp(Toff,Ton,"Periods of conduction & blocking(seconds)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.10/Ex_4_10.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.10/Ex_4_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1b9c00601 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.10/Ex_4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 4_10
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=230;//V
+Ton=25/1000;//s
+Toff=10/1000;//s
+
+//Solution :
+Vavg=V*Ton/(Ton+Toff);//V
+disp(Vavg,"Average load voltage(V)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.11/Ex_4_11.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.11/Ex_4_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..51acc677f --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.11/Ex_4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example 4_11
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=100;//V
+R=0.5;//ohm
+L=1/1000;//H
+Ton=1/1000;//s
+T=3/1000;//s
+
+//Solution :
+Toff=T-Ton;//s
+alfa=Ton/T;//duty cycle
+E=0;//V
+Imax=V/R*[(1-exp(-alfa*T*R/L))/(1-exp(-T*R/L))]-E/R;//A
+Imin=V/R*[(exp(alfa*T*R/L)-1)/(exp(T*R/L)-1)]-E/R;//A
+disp(Imax,"Maximum current(A)");
+disp(Imin,"Minimum current(A)");
+Iavg=(Imax+Imin)/2;//A
+disp(Iavg,"Average load current(A)");
+Vavg=alfa*V;//V
+disp(Vavg,"Average load voltage(V)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.12/Ex_4_12.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.12/Ex_4_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..086d05fba --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.12/Ex_4_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 4_12
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=100;//V
+E=12;//V
+L=0.8/1000;//H
+R=0.2;//ohm
+T=2.4/1000;//s
+Ton=1/1000;//s
+
+//Solution :
+alfa=Ton/T;//duty cycle
+Imax=V/R*[(1-exp(-alfa*T*R/L))/(1-exp(-T*R/L))];//A
+Imin=V/R*[(exp(alfa*T*R/L)-1)/(exp(T*R/L)-1)];//A
+disp(Imax,"Maximum current(A)");
+disp(Imin,"Minimum current(A)");
+Vavg=alfa*V;//V
+disp(Vavg,"Average load voltage(V)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.13/Ex_4_13.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.13/Ex_4_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..860b55d3a --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.13/Ex_4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 4_13
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=500;//V
+I=10;//A
+f=400;//Hz
+
+//Solution :
+alfa=0.5;//for maximum swing
+//I=V/(4*f*L);//A
+L=V/(4*f*I);//H
+disp(L,"Series inductance(H)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.14/Ex_4_14.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.14/Ex_4_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9cbea99e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.14/Ex_4_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +////Example 4_14
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=800;//V
+P=300;//HP
+Eff=0.9;//Efficiency
+R=0.1;//ohm
+L=100/1000;//H
+alfa=0.2;//duty cycle
+N=900;//rpm
+f=400;//Hz
+
+//Solution :
+Pout=P*735.5/1000;//kW
+Pin=Pout/Eff;//kW
+I=Pin*1000/V;//A
+E=V-I*R;//V(at rated voltage)
+Edash=V*alfa-I*R;//V(at 0.2 duty cycle)
+Ndash=N*Edash/E;//rpm
+disp(Ndash,"Motor speed(rpm)");
+T=1/f;//s
+d_ia=(V-alfa*V)/L*alfa*T;//A
+disp(d_ia,"Current swing(A)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.17/Ex_4_17.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.17/Ex_4_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1aa84a0ca --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.17/Ex_4_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +////Example 4_17
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=200;//V
+R=2;//ohm
+L=10/1000;//H
+E=20;//V
+T=1000/10^6;//s
+Ton=300/10^6;//s
+
+//Solution :
+f=1/T;//Hz
+alfa_min=1/(R*T/L)*log(1+E/V*(exp(R*T/L)-1));//duty cycle
+alfa=Ton/T;//duty cycle
+disp(alfa_min,"Minimum value required of alfa");
+disp(alfa,"Actual value of alfa");
+disp("Load current is continuous as alfa_actual>alfa_min")
+Imax=V/R*[(1-exp(-alfa*T*R/L))/(1-exp(-T*R/L))]-E/R;//A
+Imin=V/R*[(exp(alfa*T*R/L)-1)/(exp(T*R/L)-1)]-E/R;//A
+disp(Imax,"Maximum current(A)");
+disp(Imin,"Minimum current(A)");
+Iavg=(alfa*V-E)/R;//A
+disp(Iavg,"Average load current(A)");
+Iavg_in=alfa*(V-E)/R-L/R/T*(Imax-Imin);//A
+disp(Iavg_in,"Average input current(A)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.18/Ex_4_18.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.18/Ex_4_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..49a003415 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.18/Ex_4_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +////Example 4_18
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=200;//V
+T=1000/10^6;//s
+Ton=300/10^6;//s
+R=4;//ohm
+L=10/1000;//H
+
+//Solution :
+f=1/T;//Hz
+Vrms1=sqrt((200/%pi*sin(2*%pi*0.3))^2+(200/%pi*((1-cos(2*%pi*0.3))))^2)/sqrt(2);//V
+Vrms2=sqrt((200/2/%pi*sin(2*%pi*2*0.3))^2+(200/2/%pi*((1-cos(2*%pi*2*0.3))))^2)/sqrt(2);//V
+Vrms3=sqrt((200/3/%pi*sin(2*%pi*3*0.3))^2+(200/3/%pi*((1-cos(2*%pi*3*0.3))))^2)/sqrt(2);//V
+Z1=R+%i*(2*%pi*f*L);//ohm
+I1=Vrms1/abs(Z1);//A
+disp(I1,"RMS value of 1st harmonic of load current(A)");
+Z2=R+%i*(2*2*%pi*f*L);//ohm
+I2=Vrms2/abs(Z2);//A
+disp(I2,"RMS value of 2nd harmonic of load current(A)");
+Z3=R+%i*(3*2*%pi*f*L);//ohm
+I3=Vrms3/abs(Z3);//A
+disp(I3,"RMS value of 3rd harmonic of load current(A)");
+Iavg=V/R*Ton/T;//A
+Irms=sqrt(Iavg^2+I1^2+I2^2+I3^2);//A
+disp(Irms,"RMS value of load current(A)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.19/Ex_4_19.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.19/Ex_4_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b332433fd --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.19/Ex_4_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 4_19
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=200;//V
+Vav=250;//V
+Toff=0.6*10^-3;//s
+
+//Solution :
+T=Vav/V*Toff;//s
+Ton=T-Toff;//s
+disp(Ton,"Period of conduction(seconds)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.2/Ex_4_2.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.2/Ex_4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..05f9c8830 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.2/Ex_4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 4_2
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Ra=0.06;//ohm
+Rf=0.03;//ohm
+Iav=15;//A
+f=500;//Hz
+Eb=100;//V
+V=200;//V
+
+//Solution :
+Vav=Iav*(Ra+Rf)+Eb;//V
+T=1/f;//s
+Ton=Vav*T/V;//s
+Toff=T-Ton;//s
+disp(Toff,Ton,"Periods of conduction & blocking(seconds)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.20/Ex_4_20.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.20/Ex_4_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ce5473bb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.20/Ex_4_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 4_20
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=150;//V
+Vav=250;//V
+Toff=1*10^-3;//s
+
+//Solution :
+T=Vav/V*Toff;//s
+Ton=T-Toff;//s
+disp(Ton,"Period of conduction(seconds)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.3/Ex_4_3.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.3/Ex_4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..023540dfd --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.3/Ex_4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 4_3
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+N=800;//rpm
+I=20;//A
+Ra=0.5;//ohm
+Vs=240;//V
+Ndash=600;//rpm
+
+//Solution :
+Eb_800=Vs-I*Ra;//V
+Eb_600=Eb_800*Ndash/N;//V
+Vav=I*Ra+Eb_600;//V
+alfa=Vav/Vs;//duty cycle
+disp(alfa,"(a) Duty cycle");
+//Torque reduced to half will reduce I to half
+I=I/2;//A
+Vav=I*Ra+Eb_600;//V
+alfa=Vav/Vs;//duty cycle
+disp(alfa,"(b) Duty cycle");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.4/Ex_4_4.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.4/Ex_4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ac1b64e33 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.4/Ex_4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Example 4_4
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=200;//V
+RL=8;//ohm
+Vthy=2;//V
+f=800;//Hz
+alfa=0.4;//duty cycle
+
+//Solution :
+Vav=alfa*(V-Vthy);//V
+disp(Vav,"(a) Average output voltage(V)");
+VL=sqrt(alfa)*(V-Vthy);//V
+disp(VL,"(b) RMS output voltage(V)");
+Pout=VL^2/RL;//W
+Pin=alfa*V*(V-Vthy)/RL;//W
+Eff=Pout/Pin*100;//%
+disp(Eff,"(c) Chopper efficiency(%)");
+Rin=RL/alfa;//ohm
+disp(Rin,"(d) Input resistance(ohm)");
+V1=(V-Vthy)*sqrt(2)/%pi;//V
+disp(V1,"(e) RMS value of fundamental component(V)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.5/Ex_4_5.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.5/Ex_4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ab45198f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.5/Ex_4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 4_5
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=400;//V
+R=0;//ohm
+L=0.05;//H
+alfa=0.25;//duty cycle
+delta_i=10;//A
+
+//Solution :
+Vav=alfa*V;//V
+delta_T=L*delta_i/(V-Vav);//s
+Ton=delta_T;///s
+T=Ton/alfa;//s
+f=1/T;//pulses/s
+disp(f,"Chopping frequency(pulses/s)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.6/Ex_4_6.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.6/Ex_4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..164f1d976 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.6/Ex_4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Example 4_6
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+R=4;//ohm
+L=6/1000;//H
+V=200;//V
+alfa=0.5;//duty cycle
+f=1000;//Hz
+
+//Solution :
+T=1/f;//s
+E=0;//V
+Imax=V/R*[(1-exp(-alfa*T*R/L))/(1-exp(-T*R/L))]-E/R;//A
+Imin=V/R*[(exp(alfa*T*R/L)-1)/(exp(T*R/L)-1)]-E/R;//A
+disp(Imax,"Maximum current(A)");
+disp(Imin,"Minimum current(A)");
+Iavg=(Imax+Imin)/2;//A
+disp(Iavg,"Average load current(A)");
+IL=sqrt(1/alfa/T*integrate('(Imin+(Imax-Imin)*t/alfa/T)^2','t',0,alfa*T));//A
+disp(IL,"RMS load current(A)");
+Iavg_in=alfa*Iavg;//A
+disp(Iavg_in,"Average input current(A)");
+Irms_in=sqrt(1/T*integrate('(Imin+(Imax-Imin)*t/alfa/T)^2','t',0,alfa*T));//A
+disp(Irms_in,"RMS input current(A)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.7/Ex_4_7.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.7/Ex_4_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fb30b7080 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.7/Ex_4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 4_7
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=300;//V
+R=4;//ohm
+f=250;//Hz
+ripple=20;//%
+Iavg=30;//A
+
+//Solution :
+T=1/f;//s
+E=0;//V
+Imax_sub_Imin=ripple/100*Iavg;//A
+L=V/Imax_sub_Imin/R/f;//H
+disp(L,"Load Inductance(H)");
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.8/Ex_4_8.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.8/Ex_4_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..db59fe243 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.8/Ex_4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 4_8
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+Ra=0.5;//ohm
+L=16/1000;//H
+V=200;//V
+E=100;//V
+Imin=10;//A
+t_off=2/1000;//s
+
+//Solution :
+i=(V-E)/Ra*[1-exp(-Ra*t_off/L)]+Imin*exp(-Ra*t_off/L);//A
+disp(i,"Current at instant of turn off(A)");
+t=5/1000;//s
+i_dash=i*exp(-Ra*t/L);//A
+disp(i_dash,"Current 5 ms after turn off(A)");
+//Answer is wrong in the book.
diff --git a/2231/CH4/EX4.9/Ex_4_9.sce b/2231/CH4/EX4.9/Ex_4_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ddb36ddaa --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH4/EX4.9/Ex_4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 4_9
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=220;//V
+N_NoLoad=1000;//rpm
+alfa=0.6;//duty cycle
+I=20;//A
+Ra=1;//ohm
+
+//Solution :
+Eb1=V;//V////at no load
+Vin=alfa*V;//V
+Eb2=Vin-I*Ra;//V
+N=N_NoLoad*Eb2/Eb1;//rpm
+disp(N,"Speed of the motor(rpm)");
diff --git a/2231/CH6/EX6.1/Ex_6_1.sce b/2231/CH6/EX6.1/Ex_6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3a6cbefb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH6/EX6.1/Ex_6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 6_1
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+hp=[50 100 150 120 0];//hp
+t=[20 20 10 20 15];//seconds
+
+//Solution :
+hp_rms_t=0;//initializing
+for i=1:5
+ hp_rms_t=hp_rms_t+(hp(i)^2*t(i));//hp
+end
+hp_rms=sqrt(hp_rms_t/sum(t));//hp
+disp(hp_rms,"Required hp(rms)");
+disp("Motor size should be 100 hp");
diff --git a/2231/CH6/EX6.2/Ex_6_2.sce b/2231/CH6/EX6.2/Ex_6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..328563a27 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH6/EX6.2/Ex_6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Example 6_2
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+P=30;//kW
+theta1=30;//degree C
+t1=40;//minutes
+theta2=45;//degree C
+t2=80;//minutes
+t2=2*t1;//minutes
+Loss_fl=2;//kW
+Loss_Cu=2.5;//kW
+
+//Solution :
+//theta1=theta_f*(1-exp(-t1/T));
+//let exp(-t1/T)=a
+a=poly(0,'a');
+polynomial=(1-a^2)*(theta1/theta2)-1+a;
+a=roots(polynomial)
+a=a(2);
+T=-t1/log(a);//s
+disp(T,"Thermal time constant(minutes)");
+theta_f=theta1/(1-exp(-t1/T));
+disp(theta_f,"Final temperature rise(degree C)");
+alfa=Loss_fl/Loss_Cu;
+t=20;//minutes
+rating=P*sqrt((1+alfa)/(1-exp(-t/T))-alfa);//kW
+disp(rating,"20 minute rating of motor(kW)");
diff --git a/2231/CH6/EX6.3/Ex_6_3.sce b/2231/CH6/EX6.3/Ex_6_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..df0dbd532 --- /dev/null +++ b/2231/CH6/EX6.3/Ex_6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Example 6_3
+clc;
+clear;close;
+
+//Given data:
+V=230;//V
+f=50;//Hz
+alfa=0;//degree
+Rf=200;//ohm
+Ra=0.3;//ohm
+T=50;//N-m
+N=900;//rpm
+Kv=0.8;//V/A-rad/s
+Kt=0.8;//N-m/A^2
+
+//Solution :
+Vm=V*sqrt(2);//V
+Vf=2*Vm/%pi;//V
+If=Vf/Rf;//A
+disp(If,"Field current(A)");
+Ia=T/(Kt*If);//A
+omega=(2*%pi/60)*N;//radian/s
+Eb=Kv*omega*If;//V
+Va=Eb+Ia*Ra;//V
+alfa_a=acosd(Va/(Vm/%pi)-1);//degree
+disp(alfa_a,"Firing angle of armture circuit(degree)");
+Pout=Va*Ia;//W
+I_in=sqrt(2/(2*%pi)*integrate('Ia^2','t',alfa_a*%pi/180,%pi));//A
+VA_in=V*I_in;//VA
+pf_in=Pout/VA_in;//lagging
+disp(pf_in,"Input power factor(lagging)");
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