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+// scilab Code Exa 18.54 Maximum Height of Hydro Turbines

+

+H=52; // head developed in m

+c1=6.5; // exit velocity in m/s

+pa=1.0133; // ambient pressure in bar

+rho=1e3;

+n_d=0.75; // Efficiency of the Draft Tube

+g=9.81; // Gravitational acceleration in m/s^2

+ta=20; // ambient temperature of water in degree C

+sigma_cr=0.1;

+pv=0.023; // vapour pressure of water at t value(from tables)

+Hv=pv*1e5/(rho*g);

+//Q=c1*A1=c2*A2

+Ar=1.5; // draft tube area ratio(A2/A1=c1/c2)

+Z(1)=0; // altitude in m

+Z(2)=2500;

+Z(3)=3000;

+Z(4)=4000;

+p(1)=pa; // at altitude Z=0

+p(2)=0.747; // at Z=2500m

+p(3)=0.701; // at altitude Z=3000m

+p(4)=0.657; // at Z=4000m

+ Hsd=(c1^2)*(1-(1/(Ar^2)))/(2*g); // ideal head gained by the draft tube

+    Hd=n_d*Hsd; //Actual head gained by the draft tube

+Ha=pa*1e5/(rho*g);

+for i=1:4

+        disp("m",Z(i),"For Z=")

+        Ha=p(i)*1e5/(rho*g);

+    H1=Ha-(Hsd+Hd);

+    Hs=Ha-((sigma_cr*H)+Hd+Hv); // vertical length of the draft tube between the turbine exit and the tail race in m

+    disp("m",Hs,"the maximum height of the turbine exit above the tail race is")

+    NPSH=sigma_cr*H;

+disp(NPSH,"NPSH=")

+end