initial commit / add all books

8 files changed, 248 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/2006/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce b/2006/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f4ed1e1e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2006/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+clc;

+TH=311.06; // Source temperature in degree celcius

+pb=10; // Boiler pressure in MPa

+TL=32.88; // Sink temperature in degree celcius 

+pc=5; // Condenser pressure in kPa

+// From steam tables at pb

+h2=1407.56; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+h3=2724.7; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+s2=3.3596; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+s3=5.6141; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+// From steam tables at pc

+hf=137.82; hfg=2423.7; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+sf=0.4764; sfg=7.9187; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+x1=(s2-sf)/sfg; // quality of steam at state 1

+x4=(s3-sf)/sfg; // quality of steam at state 4

+h1=hf+x1*hfg; // specific enthalpy at state 1

+h4=hf+x4*hfg; // specific enthalpy at state 4

+wT=h3-h4; // Turbine work

+wC=h2-h1; // Compressor work

+wnet=wT-wC; // Net work output

+qH=h3-h2; // Heat added

+rw=wnet/wT; // Ratio of net work to trbine work

+eff_th=wnet/qH; // Thermal efficiency

+SSC=3600/wnet; // specific steam consumption

+disp ("kg/kWh",SSC,"specific steam consumption =","%",eff_th*100,"Thermal efficiency =",rw,"Ratio of net work to trbine work =");

diff --git a/2006/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce b/2006/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..036f45b07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2006/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+clc;

+TH=311.06; // Source temperature in degree celcius

+p2=10; // Boiler pressure in MPa

+TL=32.88; // Sink temperature in degree celcius 

+p1=5; // Condenser pressure in kPa

+// From steam tables at p2

+h3=2724.7; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+s3=5.6141; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+// From steam tables at p1

+hf=137.82; hfg=2423.7; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+sf=0.4764; sfg=7.9187; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+x4=(s3-sf)/sfg; // quality of steam at state 4

+h4=hf+x4*hfg; // specific enthalpy at state 4

+h1=137.82; // specific enthalpy at state 1 in kJ/kg 

+s1=0.4764; // specific entropy at state in kJ/kgK

+v1=0.001005; // specific volume in m^3/kg

+wp=abs (v1*(p2*10^3-p1)); // Pump work (absolute value)

+h2=h1+wp; // specific enthalpy at state 2

+wT=h3-h4; // Turbine work

+wnet=wT-wp; // Net work output

+qH=h3-h2; // Heat added

+rw=wnet/wT; // Ratio of net work to trbine work

+eff_th=wnet/qH; // Thermal efficiency

+SSC=3600/wnet; // specific steam consumption

+disp ("kg/kWh",SSC,"specific steam consumption =","%",eff_th*100,"Thermal efficiency =",rw,"Ratio of net work to trbine work =");

diff --git a/2006/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce b/2006/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4fa1ebeb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2006/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+clc;

+TH=311.06; // Source temperature in degree celcius

+p2=10; // Boiler pressure in MPa

+TL=32.88; // Sink temperature in degree celcius 

+p1=5; // Condenser pressure in kPa

+// (a).Actual carnot cycle

+eff_Tur=0.8; // Efficiency of turbine

+eff_com=0.6; // Efficiency of compressure

+// From steam tables at p2

+h3=2724.7; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+s3=5.6141; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+s2=3.3596; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+h2=1407.56; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+// From steam tables at p1

+hf=137.82; hfg=2423.7; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+sf=0.4764; sfg=7.9187; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+x1=(s2-sf)/sfg; // quality of steam at state 1

+x4=(s3-sf)/sfg; // quality of steam at state 4

+h1=hf+x1*hfg; // specific enthalpy at state 1

+h4=hf+x4*hfg; // specific enthalpy at state 4

+wTs=h3-h4; // Turbine work

+wT=eff_Tur*wTs; // Actual turbine work

+wCs=h2-h1; // Compressor work

+wC=wCs/eff_com; // Actual compressor work

+wnet=wT-wC; // Net work output

+h2a=h1+wC; // specific enthalpy

+qH=h3-h2a; // Heat added

+rw=wnet/wT; // Ratio of net work to trbine work

+eff_th=wnet/qH; // Thermal efficiency

+SSC=3600/wnet; // specific steam consumption

+disp ("kg/kWh",SSC,"specific steam consumption =","%",eff_th*100,"Thermal efficiency =",rw,"Ratio of net work to trbine work =","(a).Actual carnot cycle");

+//   (b).Actual Rankine cycle

+eff_Tur=0.8; // Efficiency of turbine

+eff_pump=0.9; // Efficiency of Pump

+// From steam tables at p1

+h1=137.82; // specific enthalpy at state 1 in kJ/kg 

+s1=0.4764; // specific entropy at state in kJ/kgK

+v1=0.001005; // specific volume in m^3/kg

+wps=abs (v1*(p2*10^3-p1)); // Pump work (absolute value)

+wp=wps/eff_pump; // Actual pmp work

+h2a=h1+wp; // // specific enthalpy at state 2

+wnet=wT-wp; // Net work output

+qH=h3-h2a; // Heat added

+rw=wnet/wT; // Ratio of net work to trbine work

+eff_th=wnet/qH; // Thermal efficiency

+SSC=3600/wnet; // specific steam consumption

+disp ("kg/kWh",SSC,"specific steam consumption =","%",eff_th*100,"Thermal efficiency =",rw,"Ratio of net work to trbine work =","(b).Actual Rankine cycle");

diff --git a/2006/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce b/2006/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..80bea4655
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2006/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+clc;

+T3=450; // temperature of steam at state 3 in degree celcius

+p3=10; // Boiler pressure in MPa 

+p6=5; // Condenser pressure in kPa

+// From steam tables at state 1

+hf=137.82; hfg=2423.7; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+sf=0.4764; sfg=7.9187; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+h1=137.82; // specific enthalpy at state 1 in kJ/kg 

+s1=0.4764; // specific entropy at state in kJ/kgK

+v1=0.001005; // specific volume in m^3/kg

+wp=abs (v1*(p3*10^3-p6)); // Pump work (absolute value)

+h2=h1+wp; // specific enthalpy at state 2

+//   (a).Rankine cycle with superheat

+// From steam tables at state 3

+h3=3240.9;// specific enthalpy in kJ/kg

+s3=6.419; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+// State 4_1

+x4_1=(s3-sf)/sfg; // Quality of steam at state 4_1

+h4_1=hf+x4_1*hfg; // specific enthalpy at state 4_1

+wT=h3-h4_1; // Turbine work

+wnet=wT-wp; // Net work output

+qH=h3-h2; // Heat added

+eff_th=wnet/qH; // Thermal efficiency

+SSC=3600/wnet; // specific steam consumption

+disp ("kg/kWh",SSC,"specific steam consumption =","%",eff_th*100,"Thermal efficiency =",x4_1,"Quality of steam at exhaust = ","(a).Rankine cycle with superheat");

+//   (b).Reheat cycle

+s4=s3; // isentropic expansion

+x4=0.975; // Quality of steam at state 4

+// from steam table intermediate pressure is selected for s4 & x4 by interpolation and assumed by round value

+p4=1.2; // Intermediate pressure in MPa

+// From steam tables at state 4

+hf4=798.6; hfg4=1986.2; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+h4=hf4+x4*hfg4; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+// From steam tables at state 5

+h5=3368.5;// specific enthalpy in kJ/kg

+s5=7.5266; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+x6=(s5-sf)/sfg; // Quality of steam at state 6

+h6=hf+x6*hfg; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+wT=(h3-h4)+(h5-h6); // Turbine work

+wnet=wT-wp; // Net work output

+qH=(h3-h2)+(h5-h4); // Heat added

+eff_th=wnet/qH; // Thermal efficiency

+SSC=3600/wnet; // specific steam consumption

+disp ("kg/kWh",SSC,"specific steam consumption =","%",eff_th*100,"Thermal efficiency =",x6,"Quality of steam at exhaust = ","(b).Reheat cycle");

diff --git a/2006/CH8/EX8.5/ex8_5.sce b/2006/CH8/EX8.5/ex8_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e6831a2e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2006/CH8/EX8.5/ex8_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+clc;

+T5=311.06; // temperature of steam at state 5  in degree celcius

+p5=10; // Boiler pressure in MPa

+p4=p5;

+T7=32.88; // temperature of steam at state 7  in degree celcius 

+p7=5; // Condenser pressure in kPa

+p1=p7;

+// From steam tables at p7

+h1=137.82; // specific enthalpy at state 1 in kJ/kg 

+s1=0.4764; // specific entropy at state 1 in kJ/kgK

+v1=0.001005; // specific volume in m^3/kg

+wp=abs (v1*(p5*10^3-p7)); // Pump work (absolute value)

+h2=h1+wp; // specific enthalpy at state 2

+T6=(T5+T7)/2; // Temperature of bleed system

+h5=2724.7; // specific enthalpy at state 5 in kJ/kg 

+s5=5.6141; // specific entropy at state 5 in kJ/kgK

+// From steam tables at state 6

+p6=791.5; // bleed steam pressure in kPa

+p2=p6; p3=p6;

+vf6=0.00114; // specific volume in m^3/kg

+v3=vf6;

+hf6=719.21; hfg6=2049.5; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+sf6=2.0419; sfg6=4.6244; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+x6=(s5-sf6)/sfg6; // quality of steam at state 6

+h6=hf6+x6*hfg6; // specific enthalpy at state 6

+h3=hf6; // specific enthalpy at state 3

+m1=(h3-h2)/(h6-h2); // Fraction of bleed steam

+wLP=abs (v1*(p2-p1)); // LP work

+wHP=abs (v3*(p4*10^3-p3)); // HP work

+wp=(1-m1)*wLP+wHP; // Total pump work

+h2=h1+wp; h4=h3+wp; // Specific Enthalpies of water

+// From steam tables at pc

+hf7=137.82; hfg7=2423.7; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+sf7=0.4764; sfg7=7.9187; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+x7=(s5-sf7)/sfg7; // quality of steam at state 7

+h7=hf7+x7*hfg7; // specific enthalpy at state 4

+wT=(h5-h6)+(1-m1)*(h6-h7); // Turbine work

+wnet=wT-wp; // Net work output

+qH=h5-h4; // Heat added

+eff_th=wnet/qH; // Thermal efficiency

+SSC=3600/wnet; // specific steam consumption

+disp ("kg/kWh",SSC,"specific steam consumption =","%",eff_th*100,"Thermal efficiency =");

diff --git a/2006/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.sce b/2006/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dc1562d12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2006/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc;

+ps=6.89+1; // Pressure of steam produced in bar (Absolute)

+x=0.96; // Quality of steam produced

+f=75; // Steady flow of water in litres

+t=9.5; // Time consumption of water in minutes

+tf=685; //Time consumption of 10 litre fuel in seconds

+Vf=10; // consumption of fuel in litres

+Sf=0.85; // specific gravity of water

+CV=43125; // Calorific value of fuel in kJ/kg

+ms=f/(t*60);// Steam generation

+mf=Vf*Sf/tf; // consumption of fuel

+// From steam tables at ps

+hf=718.5; hfg=2050; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+hs=hf+x*hfg; // specific enthalpy of steam produced

+hFW=146.7; // Enthalpy of feed water at 35 degree celcius

+eff_boiler=(ms*(hs-hFW))/(mf*CV); // Boiler Efficiency

+disp ("%",eff_boiler*100,"Boiler Efficiency = ");

diff --git a/2006/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.sce b/2006/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ccebb2bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2006/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc;

+TL=-15; // Source temperature in degree celcius

+TH=40; // Sink temperature in degree celcius

+// From the table of properties of Freon - 12

+h2=203.05; h3=74.53; hf4=22.31; hg4=180.85; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+s1=0.682; s3=0.2716; sf4=0.0906; sg4=0.7046; sfg4=sg4-sf4;// specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+sf1=sf4; sfg1=sfg4; s2=s1; s4=s3; hf1=hf4; hg1=hg4; hfg4=hg4-hf4; hfg1=hfg4;// refer figure 8.20 

+x1=(s1-sf1)/sfg1; // Dryness fraction at state 1

+x4=(s4-sf4)/sfg4; // dryness fraction at state 4

+h1=hf1+x1*hfg1; h4=hf4+x4*hfg4; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+wc=h2-h1; // work of compression

+wE=h3-h4; // Work of expansion

+qL=h1-h4; // Refrigerating effect

+qH=h2-h3; // Heat rejected

+wnet=wc-wE; // Net work

+COPc=qL/wnet; // COP of the cycle

+disp (COPc,"COP of the cycle =","kJ/kg",qH,"Heat rejected =","kJ/kg",qL,"Refrigerating effect = ","kJ/kg",wE,"Work of expansion =","kJ/kg",wc,"Work of compression = ");

diff --git a/2006/CH8/EX8.8/ex8_8.sce b/2006/CH8/EX8.8/ex8_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..964929be8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2006/CH8/EX8.8/ex8_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+clc;

+TL=-15; // Source temperature in degree celcius

+TH=40; // Sink temperature in degree celcius

+// From the table of properties of Freon - 12

+h3=74.53; h1=180.85; h4=h3; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+s1=0.7046; s2=0.682; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K

+// (a)               

+// (i).Condensor and Evaporator pressure

+pc=0.9607; // Saturation pressure at TH in MPa

+pE=0.1826; // Saturation pressure at TL in MPa

+disp ("MPa",pE,"Evaporator pressure = ","MPa",pc,"Condensor pressure = ","(i).Condensor and Evaporator pressure","(a)");

+// (ii).Compressor discharge temperature  & Enthalpy

+p2=pc; // Condensor pressure

+s2=s1; // refer figure 8.25

+// From the table of properties of Freon - 12 at pc

+t2=46.8; // Compressor discharge temperature in degree celcius

+h2=208.3; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg 

+disp ("kJ/kg",h2,"Enthalpy = ","oC",t2,"Compressor discharge temperature = ","(ii).Compressor discharge temperature  & Enthalpy");

+// (iii).Ratio of COP of the cycle to Carnot COP

+w=h2-h1; // Compressor work

+qL=h1-h4; // Refrigeration effect

+COP=qL/w; // COP of the cycle

+COPc=4.68; // COP of carnot cycle from example 8.7

+r=COP/COPc; // Ratio of COP of the cycle to Carnot COP

+disp (r,"(iii).Ratio of COP of the cycle to Carnot COP = ");

+// (b)                

+QL=0.440; // Capacity of refrigerator in kW (1/8 ton of refrigeration)

+m=QL/qL; // Mass flow rate of refrigerant

+W=m*w; // Power consumption of compressor

+QH=QL+W; // Heat rejected

+disp ("kW",QH,"Heat rejected to surroundings = ","kW",W,"Power consumption of compressor = ","kg/s",m,"Mass flow rate of refrigerant = ","(b)");