initial commit / add all books

16 files changed, 224 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.1/Ch04Exa1.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.1/Ch04Exa1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ec089f85c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.1/Ch04Exa1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.1 : : Page 178 (2011)

+clc; clear;

+N = 200e+006/35;    // Total number of ion-pairs

+e = 1.60218e-019;     // Charge of an ion, coulomb

+Q = N*e;    // Total charge produced in the chamber, coulomb

+C = 25e-012;     // Capacity of the collector, farad

+V = Q/C;     // Resultant pulse height, volt 

+printf("\nThe resultant pulse height recorded in the fission chamber = %4.2e volt", V);

+

+// Result

+// The resultant pulse height recorded in the fission chamber = 3.66e-002 volt 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.10/Ch04Exa10.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.10/Ch04Exa10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..187e85426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.10/Ch04Exa10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.10 : : Page 180 (2011)

+clc; clear;

+E = 4e+006;        // Energy lost in the scintillator, eV

+N_pe = E/10^2*0.5*0.1;        // Number of photoelectrons emitted

+G = 10^6;                     // Gain of photomultiplier tube

+e = 1.6e-019;                 // Charge of the electron, C

+Q = N_pe*G*e;                 // Charge collected at the anode of photo multiplier tube, C

+printf("\nThe charge collected at the anode of photo multiplier tube : %6.4e C", Q);

+

+// Result

+// The charge collected at the anode of photo multiplier tube : 3.2000e-010 C 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.11/Ch04Exa11.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.11/Ch04Exa11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f98d20cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.11/Ch04Exa11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Scilab code Exa11 : : Page 180 (2011)

+E = 4e+06;        // Energy lost in the scintillator, eV

+N_pe = E/10^2*0.5*0.1;        // Number of photoelectrons emitted

+G = 10^6;                     // Gain

+e = 1.6e-019;                 // Charge of the electron, C

+Q = N_pe*G*e;                    // Charge collected at the anode of photo multiplier tube, C

+printf("\nCharge collected at the anode of photo multiplier tube : %6.4e C",Q);

+// Result

+//  Charge collected at the anode of photo multiplier tube : 3.2000e-010 C 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.12/Ch04Exa12.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.12/Ch04Exa12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9ccd33476
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.12/Ch04Exa12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.12 : : Page 181 (2011)

+// Defining an array

+clc; clear;

+n = cell (1,6); // Declare the cell matrix of 1X6 

+n(1,1).entries = 10000;

+n(2,1).entries = 10200;

+n(3,1).entries = 10400;

+n(4,1).entries = 10600;

+n(5,1).entries = 10800;

+n(6,1).entries = 11000;

+g = 0; // 

+k = 6;

+H = 0;

+for i = 1:k;

+    g = g + n(i,1).entries

+end;

+N = g/k; // Mean of the count

+D = sqrt(N);

+for i = 1:k;

+ H = H+((n(i,1).entries-N)*(n(i,1).entries-N))   

+end;

+S_D = round(sqrt(H/(k-1)));

+printf("\nStandard deviation of the reading  : %d", S_D);

+delta_N = sqrt(N);

+if (S_D > delta_N) then

+    printf("\nThe foil cannot be considered uniform..!");

+else

+    printf("\nThe foil can be considered uniform.");

+end

+

+// Result

+// Standard deviation of the reading  : 374

+// The foil cannot be considered uniform..! 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.13/Ch04Exa13.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.13/Ch04Exa13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a067bc48a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.13/Ch04Exa13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.13 : : Page 181 (2011)

+clc; clear;

+V = 2e-03;         // Voltage impulse, volt

+C = 120e-012;    // Capacitance of the capacitor, F

+e = 1.6e-019;    // Charge of the electron, C

+n = C*V/(15*e);     // No. of electons

+N = n^(1/10);     // No. of electrons in the output

+printf("\nNo. of electrons in the output : %4.2f (approx)", N);

+

+// Result

+// No. of electrons in the output : 3.16 (approx) 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.14/Ch04Exa14.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.14/Ch04Exa14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..282c5eadd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.14/Ch04Exa14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.14 : : Page 181 (2011)

+clc; clear;

+m_p = 0.938;    // Mass of the proton, GeV

+E = 1.4;        // Total energy of proton, GeV

+gama = E/m_p;     // Boost parameter

+bta = sqrt(1-1/gama^2);    // Relativistic factor

+d = 10;        // Distance between two counters,m

+C = 3e+08;     // Velocity of light ,m/s

+t_p = d/(bta*C);    // Time of flight of proton ,sec

+T_e = d/C;        // Time of flight of electron, sec

+printf("\nTime of flight of proton: %4.2f ns \nTime of flight of electron : %4.2f ns ", t_p/1e-009, T_e/1e-009);

+

+// Result

+// Time of flight of proton: 44.90 ns 

+// Time of flight of electron : 33.33 ns  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.15/Ch04Exa15.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.15/Ch04Exa15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..45286bf66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.15/Ch04Exa15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.15 : : Page 182 (2011)

+clc; clear;

+p = 100;        // Momentum of the particle, GeV

+n = 1+1.35e-04;    // Refractive index of the gas 

+m_0 = 1;         // Mass, GeV per square coulomb

+gama = sqrt((p^2+m_0^2)/m_0);     // Boost parameter

+bta = sqrt (1-1/gama^2);        // Relativistic parameter

+d_theta = 1e-003;    // Error in the emission angle, radian

+theta = acos(1/(n*bta));         // Emision angle of photon, radian 

+F_err = (p^2*n^2*2*theta*10^-3)/(2*m_0^2);        // Fractional error

+printf("\nThe fractional error in rest mass of the particle =  %4.2f", F_err);

+

+// Result 

+// The fractional error in rest mass of the particle =  0.13 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.16/Ch04Exa16.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.16/Ch04Exa16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d483192b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.16/Ch04Exa16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.16 : : Page 182 (2011)

+clc; clear;

+u = 1.49;        // Refractive index

+E = 20*1.60218e-019;        // Energy of the electron, joule

+m_e = 9.1e-031;            // Mass of the electron, Kg

+C = 3e-08;                // Velocity of the light, m/s

+bta = (1 + {1/(E/(m_e*C^2)+1)}^2 );   // Boost parameter

+z = 1;         // 

+L_1 = 4000e-010;            // Initial wavelength, metre

+L_2 = 7000e-010;            // Final wavelength, metre

+N = 2*%pi*z^2/137*(1/L_1-1/L_2)*(1-1/(bta^2*u^2));        // Number of quanta of visible light, quanta per centimetre

+printf("\nThe total number of quantas during emission of visible light = %d quanta/cm", round(N/100));

+

+// Result 

+// The total number of quantas during emission of visible light = 270 quanta/cm 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.2/Ch04Exa2.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.2/Ch04Exa2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4e832d3ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.2/Ch04Exa2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.2 : : Page 178 (2011)

+clc; clear;

+V = 0.8/4;    // Pulse height, volt

+e = 1.60218e-019;     // Charge of an ion, coulomb

+C = 0.5e-012;     // Capacity of the collector, farad

+Q = V*C;    // Total charge produced, coulomb

+N = Q/e;     // Number of ion pairs 

+E_1 = 35;    // Energy of one ion pair, electron volt

+E = N*E_1/10^6;    // Energy of the alpha particles, mega electron volt

+printf("\nThe energy of the alpha particles = %4.3f MeV", E);

+

+// Result

+// The energy of the alpha particles = 21.845 MeV (The answer is wrong in the textbook)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.3/Ch04Exa3.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.3/Ch04Exa3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5cca32c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.3/Ch04Exa3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.3 : : Page 178 (2011)

+clc; clear;

+E = 10e+06;    // Energy produced by the ion pairs, electron volts 

+N = E/35;        // Number of ion pair produced

+m = 10^3;        // Multiplication factor

+N_t = N*m;        // Total number of ion pairs produced

+e = 1.60218e-019;  // Charge of an ion, coulomb

+Q = N_t*e;         // Total charge flow in the counter, coulomb

+t = 10^-3;        // Pulse time, sec

+R = 10^4;        // Resistance , ohm

+I = Q/t;        // Current passes through the resistor, ampere

+V = I*R;        // Height of the voltage pulse, volt

+ printf("\nTotal number of ion pairs produced: %5.3e \nTotal charge flow in the counter : %5.3e coulomb \nHeight of the voltage pulse : %5.3e volt", N_t, Q, V);

+ 

+// Result

+// Total number of ion pairs produced: 2.857e+008 

+// Total charge flow in the counter : 4.578e-011 coulomb

+// Height of the voltage pulse : 4.578e-004 volt 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.4/Ch04Exa4.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.4/Ch04Exa4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..97838a9b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.4/Ch04Exa4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.4 : : Page 178 (2011)

+clc; clear;

+V = 1000;    // Operating voltage of Counter, volt 

+x = 1e-004;        // Time taken, sec

+b = 2;            // Radius of the cathode, cm

+a = 0.01;        // Diameter of the wire, cm

+E_r = V/(x*log(b/a)); // Radial electric field, V/m

+C = 1e+009;              // Total counts in the GM counter

+T = C/(50*60*60*2000); // Life of the G.M. Counter, year

+printf("\nThe radial electric field: %4.2eV/m\nThe life of the G.M. Counter : %5.3f years", E_r, T);

+

+// Result

+// The radial electric field: 1.89e+006V/m

+// The life of the G.M. Counter : 2.778 years 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.5/Ch04Exa5.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.5/Ch04Exa5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..29132f39e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.5/Ch04Exa5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.5 : : Page 178 (2011)

+clc; clear; 

+I = 15.7;    // Ionisation potential of argon, eV

+b = 0.025;            // Radius of the cathode, metre

+a = 0.006e-02;        // Radius of the wire, metre

+L = 7.8e-06;     // Mean free path, metre

+V = round(I*a*log(b/a)/L);    // Avalanche voltage in G.M. tube, volt

+printf("\nThe avalanche voltage in G.M. tube = %d volt", V);

+

+// Result

+// The avalanche voltage in G.M. tube = 729 volt 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.6/Ch04Exa6.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.6/Ch04Exa6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..12f7fdd14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.6/Ch04Exa6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.6 :  : Page 179 (2011)

+clc; clear;

+C_r = 0.1e-02;     // Counting rate of GM tube

+S = 3;             // Slope of the curve

+V = C_r*100*100/S;       // Voltage fluctuation, volt

+printf("\nThe voltage fluctuation GM tube = %4.2f volt", V);

+

+// Result

+// The voltage fluctuation GM tube = 3.33 volt 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.7/Ch04Exa7.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.7/Ch04Exa7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8b442d6b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.7/Ch04Exa7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.7 : : Page-179 (2011)

+clc; clear;

+R_t = 100;        // Actual count rate, per sec

+R_B = 25;         // Backward count rate, per sec

+V_S = 0.03;        // Coefficient of variation

+R_S = R_t-R_B;        // Source counting rate,per sec

+T_t = (R_t+sqrt(R_t*R_B))/(V_S^2*R_S^2);   // Time measurement for actual count, sec

+T_B = T_t*sqrt(R_B/R_t);       // Time measurement for backward count, sec

+printf("\nTime measurement for actual count : %5.3f sec \nTime measurement for backward count : %4.1f sec", T_t, T_B);

+

+// Result

+//  Time measurement for actual count : 29.630 sec 

+//  Time measurement for backward count : 14.8 sec
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.8/Ch04Exa8.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.8/Ch04Exa8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cc2e31398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.8/Ch04Exa8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.8 : : Page-179 (2011)

+clc; clear; 

+A = 1.5e-4;           // Area of capacitor plates, square metre

+K = 12;               // Dielectric constant

+D = K*8.8542e-012;   // Electrical permittivity of the medium, per newton-metre-square coulomb square

+x = 50e-06;           // Width of depletion layer, metre

+C = A*D/x*10^12;      // Capacitance of the silicon detector, pF

+E = 4.5e+06;          // Energy produced by the ion pairs, eV

+N = E/3.5;            // Number of ion pairs

+e = 1.60218e-019;     // Charge of each ion, coulomb

+Q = N*e;              // Total charge, coulomb

+V = Q/C*10^12;        //  Potential applied across the capacitor, volt

+printf("\nThe capacitance of the detector : %6.2f pF\nThe potential applied across the capacitor : %4.2e volt", C, V);

+

+// Result

+// The capacitance of the detector : 318.75 pF

+// The potential applied across the capacitor : 6.46e-004 volt 

diff --git a/1970/CH4/EX4.9/Ch04Exa9.sce b/1970/CH4/EX4.9/Ch04Exa9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e380e02ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1970/CH4/EX4.9/Ch04Exa9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Scilab code Exa4.9 : : Page-180 (2011)

+clc; clear;

+N_A = 1000;        // Number of count observed for radiation A

+N_B = 2000;        // Number of count observed for radiation B

+r = N_A/N_B;        // Ratio of count A to the count B

+E_r = sqrt(1/N_A+1/N_B);        // Statistical error 

+printf("\nThe statistical error of the measured ratio = %4.2f", E_r*r);

+

+// Result

+// The statistical error of the measured ratio = 0.02 (Wrong answer in the textbook)
\ No newline at end of file