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diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..50a552548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.1, Page 126

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//CALCULATIONS

+//for WAVEFORM 1

+//Average Value

+b1=2;

+h1=5;

+area1=0.5*b1*h1;//area under one complete cycle(area of a triangle)

+av0=area1/2;//average value

+//rms value

+area2=0.33*(h1)^2*b1;

+rms=sqrt(area2/b1);//rms value

+//form factor

+ff=rms/av0;//form factor

+//peak factor

+Kp=h1/rms;//peak factor

+mprintf("WAVEFORM 1\n");

+mprintf("average value=%1.1f amps,rms value=%1.3f amps,formfactor=%1.3f ,peak factor=%1.3f\n",av0,rms,ff,Kp);

+//for WAVEFORM 2

+//Average Value

+T=1;//assuming time period is 1

+h2=100;

+h3=-50;

+area3=(h2+h3)*(T/2);//area under one complete cycle(area of a rectangle)

+av=area3/T;//average value

+//rms value

+area_under_squared_curve=((h2)^2+(h3)^2)*(T/2);

+rms1=sqrt(area_under_squared_curve/T);//rms value

+//form factor

+ff1=rms1/av;//form factor

+//peak factor

+Kp1=h2/rms1;//peak factor

+mprintf("WAVEFORM 2\n");

+mprintf("average value=%d volts,rms value=%2.3f volt,formfactor=%1.2f ,peak factor=%1.2f\n",av,rms1,ff1,Kp1);

+//for WAVEFORM 3

+//Average Value

+Vm=1;//assuming mean voltage is 1

+a1=0.5*Vm*(%pi/3);//area of the triangle from 0 to (pi/3)

+a2=Vm*(%pi/3);//area of the rectangle for period (pi/3) to (2*pi/3)

+a3=0.5*Vm*(%pi/3);//area of the triangle from (2*pi/3) to pi

+a=a1+a2+a3;

+av2=(a/%pi);//average value

+//rms value

+area_under_squared_curv2=((Vm)^2*(%pi/3)*(5/3))

+rms2=sqrt(area_under_squared_curv2/(%pi));//rms value

+//form factor

+ff2=rms2/av2;//form factor

+//peak factor

+Kp2=Vm/rms2;//peak factor

+mprintf("WAVEFORM 3\n");

+mprintf("average value=%1.3f volts,rms value=%1.3f volt,formfactor=%1.2f ,peak factor=%1.3f\n",av2,rms2,ff2,Kp2);

+//for WAVEFORM 4

+//Average Value

+T2=1;//let timeperiod=1

+av3=(100*(T2/2))/(T2/2);//average

+//rms value

+area_under_squared_curv3=((100)^2*(T2/2));

+rms3=sqrt((area_under_squared_curv3)/(T2/2));//rms value

+//form factor

+ff3=rms3/av3;//form factor

+//peak factor

+Kp3=100/rms3;//peak factor

+mprintf("WAVEFORM 4\n");

+mprintf("average value=%d volts,rms value=%d volt,formfactor=%d ,peak factor=%d\n",av3,rms3,ff3,Kp3);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.10/ex4_10.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.10/ex4_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dfa71759d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.10/ex4_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.10, Page 137

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//INPUT DATA

+f=50;//freq in c/s

+I=20;//current in A

+Im=I/sqrt(2);

+t=0.0025;//time in sec

+//equation for instantaneous emf

+i=(20*sqrt(2))*sin(2*%pi*f*t);

+t1=0.0125;

+i1=(20*sqrt(2))*sin(2*%pi*f*t1);

+i2=14.14;

+x=(i2)/(20*(sqrt(2)));

+y=asin(x);

+z=(2*%pi*50);

+t=y/z;

+mprintf("current when t is 00025 sec and 0.0125 sec are %d A and %d A respectively\n",i,i1);

+mprintf("time when value of instantaneous cureent 14.14 is %g sec",t);

+//note:in textbook for sub div (c) square root has not taken for maximum value computed

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.11/ex4_11.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.11/ex4_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fcc480314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.11/ex4_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.11, Page 137

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//INPUT DATA

+I1=5;//current in A

+I=10;//current in A

+I2=I/sqrt(2);

+//CALCULATIONS

+i3=sqrt(((2*I1)^2)+(I2^2));

+mprintf("rms value of current is %1.2f A respectively\n",i3);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.12/ex4_12.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.12/ex4_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a11cd3052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.12/ex4_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.12, Page 138

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//CALCULATIONS

+Im=141.4;//instantaneous current

+f=50;//freq in hz

+w=2*%pi*f;//angular freq in rad/sec

+//instantaneous current equation is i=141.4*sin(w*t);

+function f=myfun(t)

+  f=Im*sin(w*t(1));

+endfunction

+t=[0.0025];

+g=numdiff(myfun,t)

+mprintf("rate of change of current is %d A/sec \n",g);

+function f1=myfun(t1)

+  f1=Im*sin(w*t1(1));

+endfunction

+t1=[0.005];

+g1=numdiff(myfun,t1)

+mprintf("rate of change of current is %d A/sec \n",g1);

+function f2=myfun(t2)

+  f2=Im*sin(w*t2(1));

+endfunction

+t2=[0.01];

+g2=numdiff(myfun,t2)

+mprintf("rate of change of current is %d A/sec \n",g2);

+//note:answer given in textbook for section c is wrong

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..01d1c9d32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.13, Page 138

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//INPUT DATA

+R=60;//resistance in ohms

+Rf=50;//resistance in ohms

+Rr=500;//resistance in ohms

+V=120;//supply voltage in volts

+f=50;//freq in hz

+//CALCULATIONS

+peak=V*sqrt(2);//peak value of applied voltage

+peak1=peak/(R+Rf);//peak value of current in forward direction

+peak2=peak/(R+Rr);//peak value of current in reverse direction

+i=((2*peak1)-(2*peak2))/(2*%pi);//current in moving coil ammeter over the period 0 to 2*(%pi)

+i1=((%pi/2)*((peak1)^2+(peak2)^2))/(2*(%pi));//mean current over the period 0 to 2*(%pi)

+rms=sqrt(i1);//rms value in hot wire ammeter

+mprintf("rms value in hot wire ammeter is %1.3f A\n",rms);

+If=(peak1)/(sqrt(2));//rms value in forward direction

+mprintf("rms value in forward direction is %1.2f A\n",If);

+Ir=(peak2)/(sqrt(2));//rms value in reverse direction

+mprintf("rms value in reverse direction is %1.2f A\n",Ir);

+av=((R+Rf)*((If)^2)+(R+Rr)*((Ir)^2))/(2);

+mprintf("average power dissipated is %2.2f W\n",av);

+pf=((Rf)*((If)^2)+(Rr)*((Ir)^2))/(2);

+mprintf("power dissipated in rectifier is %2.1f W\n",pf);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

+

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f4f4257b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.14, Page 144

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//given voltage applied is 100*sin(w*t)

+//CALCULATIONS

+R=10;//resisitance in ohms

+//i=(100)*sin(w*t)/10=10*sin(w*t)

+//instantaneous power=1000*(sin(w*t))^2

+E=(100)/sqrt(2);//average value of voltage in volts

+I=(10)/sqrt(2);//average value of current in amps

+P=E*I;//average power in Watts

+mprintf("thus average power is %1.0f W",P);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

+

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..54d578fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.15, Page 144

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//given voltage applied is e=340*sin(314*t)

+//given current applied is i=42.5*sin(314*t)

+//CALCULATIONS

+R=340/42.5;//resisitance in ohms

+E=(340)/sqrt(2);//average value of voltage in volts

+I=(42.5)/sqrt(2);//average value of current in amps

+P=E*I;//average power in Watts

+mprintf("thus average power is %1.0f W",P);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

+

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6e9d48876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.16, Page 145

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//given voltage applied is e=100*sin(314*t)

+//CALCULATIONS

+E=100/sqrt(2);

+w=314;

+L=0.2;//inductannce in henry

+// indefinitely integrating e and later dividing by L we get it as

+//i=-1.592*cos(314*t);//instantaneous current

+//instantaneous power=e*i=-79.6*sin(628t)

+P=0;//average power=0

+Xl=w*L;//inductance in ohms

+I=(E)/(Xl);//rms current

+mprintf("inductive reactance and rms current is %2.1f ohms and %1.3f amps respectively",Xl,I);

+//note:We cannot compute symbolic or indefinite integration in scilab.In order to verify your results use wxmaxima software.

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

+

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f780eeb37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.17, Page 145

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//CALCULATIONS

+L=0.225;//inductance in henry

+e=120;//voltage in volts

+f=50;//frequency in c/s

+Xl=(2*%pi*f*L);//inductive reactance in ohms

+mprintf("Inductive reactance in ohms is %2.2f ohms\n",Xl);

+L=0.2;//inductance in henry

+Im=2.4;//peak value of current in A

+//instantaneous voltage equation is e=(sqrt(2)*120*sin(314*t))

+// indefinitely integrating e and later dividing by L we get it as

+//i=-2.4*cos(314t);//instantaneous current in A

+I=Im/(sqrt(2));//in A

+mprintf("Current is %1.3f A\n",I);

+m=(e*sqrt(2)*Im)/2;//maximum power delivered in watts

+mprintf("Maximum power delivered to inductor is %3.2f watts\n",m);

+mprintf("average power is zero\n")

+mprintf("equation for voltage and current are 169.68*sin(314*t) and -2.4*cos(314*t) respectively");

+//note:We cannot compute symbolic or indefinite integration in scilab.In order to verify your results use wxmaxima software.

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cc55e0354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.18, Page 146

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//CALCULATIONS

+L=0.01;//inductance in henry

+//equation of current is 10*cos(1500*t)

+w=1500;//angular freq in rad/sec

+Xl=(w*L);//inductive reactance in ohms

+mprintf("inductive reactance is  %1.1f ohms\n",Xl);

+function f=myfun(t)

+  f=10*cos(w*t);

+q=derivative(f);

+endfunction//derivation yields e=-150*sin(1500*t)

+mprintf("equation for voltage across is e=-150*sin(1500*t)")

+X2=40;//given new inductance in ohms

+f2=X2/(2*%pi*L);//freq in hz

+mprintf("thus at freq %d hz inductance will be 40 ohms",f2)

+//note:answer given for inductive reactance is wrong.Please check the calculations

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e6bf79327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.19, Page 146

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//CALCULATIONS

+C=135;//capacitance in uF

+E=150;//voltage in volts

+f=50;//freq in c/s

+Xc=1/(2*3.14*f*C*10^-6);//capacitive reactance in ohms

+//equation for current is i=8.99*sin(314*t+(%pi/2))A

+//instantaneous power is P=E*I*sin(2*w*t)

+P=0;//average power

+Im=8.99;//peak value of instantaneous current equation

+I=(Im)/(sqrt(2));//rms current in amps

+M=E*sqrt(2)*I*sqrt(2);//maximum power delivered in Watts

+mprintf("thus capacitive reactance,Rms current and Maximum power delivered are %2.3f ohms ,%1.2f Amps,%1.0f Watts respectively",Xc,I,M);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.2/ex4_2.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.2/ex4_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f56678a48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.2/ex4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.2, Page 130

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//CALCULATIONS

+//for halfwave rectifier

+Im=1;//assume peak value is 1

+//for (0 to pi) value is (Im*sin(theta)) for (pi to 2*pi) value is 0

+function y1=f1(x),y1=(Im^2)*(sin(x))^2,endfunction

+a1=(intg(0,%pi,f1));

+a=(a1)/(2*%pi);//mean square value

+rms=sqrt(a);//rms value

+function y3=f3(x),y3=(Im)*(sin(x)),endfunction

+a3=(intg(0,%pi,f3));

+av=a3/(2*(%pi));//average value

+ff=rms/av;//form factor

+pf=Im/rms;//peak factor

+mprintf("for half wave rectifier\n");

+mprintf("form factor=%1.2f,peak factor=%d\n",ff,pf);

+//for fullwave rectifier

+function y4=f4(x),y4=(Im^2)*(sin(x))^2,endfunction

+a4=(intg(0,%pi,f4));

+a4=a4/(%pi);

+rms2=sqrt(a4);//rms value

+function y5=f5(x),y5=(Im)*(sin(x)),endfunction

+av2=(intg(0,%pi,f5))/(%pi);//average value

+ff2=rms2/av2;//form factor

+pf2=Im/rms2;//peak factor

+mprintf("for full wave rectifier\n");

+mprintf("form factor=%1.2f,peak factor=%1.2f",ff2,pf2);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..07604d82b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.20, Page 147

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//CALCULATIONS

+//given voltage eqn is v=100+(100*sqrt(2))*sin(314*t) volts

+W=314;//freq in rad/sec

+R=5;//resistance in ohms

+X=12;//reactance in ohms

+Z=R+((%i)*(X));//impedance in ohms

+Idc=100/R;//dc current in A

+Iac=(100)/(sqrt((R)^2+(X)^2));//rms value of ac component of current

+Pt=(R*(Idc^2))+(R*(Iac^2));//total power in Watts

+V1=sqrt((100)^2+(100)^2);//supplied voltage in Rms in volts

+I1=sqrt((20)^2+(7.69)^2);//current in Rms in Amps

+Z1=V1/I1;//circuit impedance in ohms

+Pf=Pt/(V1*I1);//Power factor

+mprintf("thus circuit impedance,Power expended and Power factors are %1.1f Ohms ,%1.0f W and %1.3f respectively",Z1,Pt,Pf);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9716cf6d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.21, Page 147

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+ function [polar] = r2p(x,y)//function to convert rectangular to polar

+ polar = ones(1,2)

+ polar(1) = sqrt ((x ^2) +(y^2))

+ polar(2) = atan (y/x)

+ polar(2) =(polar (2)*180)/%pi

+ endfunction

+ function [ rect ] = p2r(r,theta)//function to convert polar to rectangular

+ rect = ones(1 ,2)

+ theta =( theta *%pi) /180

+ rect (1)=r* cos(theta)

+ rect (2)=r* sin(theta)

+ endfunction

+//CALCULATIONS

+I1=p2r(300,0);

+disp(I1);

+I2=p2r(350,30);

+disp(I2);

+I=I1+I2;

+disp(I);

+i3=r2p(I(1),I(2))

+disp(i3);

+mprintf("Thus resultant current is 627.9 A and it leads 300 A by 16 degrees")

+//note:here direct functions for converson are not available and hence we defined user defined functions for polar to rect and rect to polar conversions

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM======================================================================================================

+

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.22/ex4_22.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.22/ex4_22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2a14bd86f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.22/ex4_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.22, Page 147

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+funcprot(0)

+function [polar] = r2p(x,y)//function to convert rectangular to polar

+ polar = ones(1,2)

+ polar(1) = sqrt ((x ^2) +(y^2))

+ polar(2) = atan (y/x)

+ polar(2) =(polar (2)*180)/%pi

+ endfunction

+ function [ rect ] = p2r(r,theta)//function to convert polar to rectangular

+ rect = ones(1 ,2)

+ theta =( theta *%pi) /180

+ rect (1)=r* cos(theta)

+ rect (2)=r* sin(theta)

+ endfunction

+//v=230*sin(100*%pi*t)

+//CALCULATIONS

+R=100;//resistance in ohms

+L=319;//inductance in mH

+Xl=(100*%pi*L*10^-3);//inductive reactance in ohms

+Z=R+((%i)*(Xl));//impedance in ohms

+Z=r2p(R,Xl);//impedance in polar form

+disp(Z);

+Z1=p2r(Z(1),Z(2));

+disp(Z1);

+//i=230/1.414*sin(100*%3.14*t-45)=1.626*sin(100*%3.14*t-45)

+i=(1.626/(sqrt(2)));//rms current in A

+P=(i)^2*R;//power taken by the coil in W

+mprintf("power taken by the coil is %3.1f W",P);

+//note:here direct functions for converson are not available and hence we defined user defined functions for polar to rect and rect to polar conversions

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM=======================================================================================================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.23/ex4_23.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.23/ex4_23.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f48d6f0f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.23/ex4_23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.23, Page 148

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+function [polar] = r2p(x,y)//function to convert rectangular to polar

+ polar = ones(1,2)

+ polar(1) = sqrt ((x ^2) +(y^2))

+ polar(2) = atan (y/x)

+ polar(2) =(polar (2)*180)/%pi

+ endfunction

+ function [ rect ] = p2r(r,theta)//function to convert polar to rectangular

+ rect = ones(1 ,2)

+ theta =( theta *%pi) /180

+ rect (1)=r* cos(theta)

+ rect (2)=r* sin(theta)

+ endfunction

+//e1=230*sin(w*t)

+//e2=230*sin(w*t*%pi/6)

+//CALCULATIONS

+E1=p2r(230,0);//impedance in rectangular form

+disp(E1);

+E2=p2r(230,30);

+disp(E2);

+E=E1+E2;

+E=E/sqrt(2);

+E=r2p(E(1),E(2));

+disp(E)

+Z=r2p(8,6);

+disp(Z);

+I1=E(1)/Z(1);

+disp(I1)

+theta=E(2)-Z(2);

+disp(theta);

+phi=cos(theta*%pi/180)

+disp(phi)

+P1=(E(1))*(I1)*(phi);//power supplied in Watts

+mprintf("Thus Rms current and power supplied are %2.1f A and %f W respectively",I1,P1);

+//note here power calculated my vary as we took many decimal values for calculation.Please check the calculations

+//note:here direct functions for converson are not available and hence we defined user defined functions for polar to rect and rect to polar conversions

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM=======================================================================================================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.24/ex4_24.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.24/ex4_24.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..72b8da676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.24/ex4_24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.24, Page 148

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//CALCULATIONS

+//e1=230*sin(100*%pi*t)

+C=20*10^-6;//capacitance in F

+//e2=230*sin(700*%pi*t)

+Vm1=230;//peak voltage for e1

+Vm2=35;//peak voltage for e2

+I1=Vm1*(100*%pi*C)/(sqrt(2));//current due to component e1

+I2=Vm2*(700*%pi*C)/(sqrt(2));//current due to component e2

+mprintf("thus current due to component e1 and e2 are %1.2fA and %1.2fA respectively",I1,I2);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM======================================================================================================

+

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.25/ex4_25.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.25/ex4_25.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a4335968e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.25/ex4_25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.25, Page 149

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+funcprot(0)

+function [polar] = r2p(x,y) //function to convert rectangular to polar

+ polar = ones(1,2)

+ polar(1) = sqrt ((x ^2) +(y^2))

+ polar(2) = atan (y/x)

+ polar(2) =(polar (2)*180)/%pi

+ endfunction

+ function [ rect ] = p2r(r,theta)//function to convert polar to rectangular

+ rect = ones(1 ,2)

+ theta =( theta *%pi) /180

+ rect (1)=r* cos(theta)

+ rect (2)=r* sin(theta)

+ endfunction

+//CALCULATIONS

+//v=230*sin(314*t)+60*sin(942*t)

+V=230;//voltage in volts

+V1=60;//voltage of harmonic in volts

+R=10;//resistance in ohms

+L=0.3;//inductance in henry

+C=100*10^-6;//capacitance in F

+//Branch with Resistor (R)

+I1m=V/R;//current in A

+I1m=I1m/(sqrt(2));//rms current in A

+I3m=V1/R;//current in A

+I3m=I3m/(sqrt(2));//rms current in A

+I=sqrt((I1m)^2+(I3m)^2);//rms current in A

+Pr=((I)^2)*(R);//power in Watts

+//Branch with inductor(L)

+Z1=(10+((%i)*(314*0.03)));//impedance to fundamental component

+M=sqrt((10)^2+(9.42)^2);//magnitude of Z1 in polar form

+theta=atan(9.42/10)*(180/%pi);//angle of Z1 in polar form

+I2m=V/M;//fundamental current in A

+I2m=I2m/(sqrt(2));//rms current in A

+I4m=V1/M;//third harmonic component of current

+I4m=I4m/(sqrt(2));//rms current in A

+I1=((I2m)^2+(I4m)^2);//total rms current in A

+Pr1=(I1)*(R);//Power in Watts

+//branch with capacitor

+X1=1/(314*10^-4);//reactance to fundamental component in ohms

+I5m=V/(X1);//current in A

+I5m=I5m/(sqrt(2));//rms current in A

+X2=1/(942*10^-4);//reactance to third harmonic component in ohms

+I6m=V1/X2;//current in A

+I6m=I6m/(sqrt(2));//rms current in A

+I2=sqrt((I5m)^2+(I6m)^2);//total rms current in A

+Pr2=0;//power in watts

+T=Pr+Pr1+Pr2;//total power dissipated in W

+//calculation of total current

+Im=(p2r(16.26,0)+p2r(11.84,43.29)+p2r(5.1,90));//pol to rect

+disp(Im);//fundamental component of current in A

+Im1=(p2r(4.24,0)+p2r(3.09,-43.29)+p2r(4,90));//pol to rect

+disp(Im1);//third harmonic component of current in A

+T1=sqrt((Im(1))^2+(Im1(1))^2);//total rms current in A

+V2=(sqrt((V)^2+(V1)^2))/sqrt(2);//voltage applied in rms

+pf=T/((T1)*(V2));//power factor

+mprintf("thus total current ,power input and power factor are %2.2f A ,%f W,%1.2f respectively",T1,T,pf);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM======================================================================================================

+

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4bd650a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.3, Page 132

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//CALCULATIONS

+v1=0;v2=5;v3=10;v4=20;v5=50;v6=60;v7=50;v8=20;v9=10;v10=5;v11=0;v12=-5;v13=-10;

+Vm=60;

+V=((v1^2)+(v2^2)+(v3^2)+(v4^2)+(v5^2)+(v6^2)+(v7^2)+(v8^2)+(v9^2)+(v10^2))

+V=sqrt(V/10);

+Vav=(v1+v2+v3+v4+v5+v6+v7+v8+v9+v10)/10;//average value

+Kf=V/Vav;//form factor

+Kp=Vm/V;//peak factor

+rms2=Vm/(sqrt(2));//rms voltage value with the same peak value

+mprintf("rms1 =%2.2f volts\n average value=%d volts \n form factor= %2.2f \n peak factor= %1.3f \n rms2 value is %2.2f volts",V,Vav,Kf,Kp,rms2);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.4/ex4_4.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.4/ex4_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4a41254bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.4/ex4_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.4, Page 133

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//CALCULATIONS

+f=60;

+Im=120;

+i=96;

+t=asin(i/Im)/(2*%pi*60);

+mprintf("time is %1.5f sec",t)

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.5/ex4_5.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.5/ex4_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ae63f801c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.5/ex4_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.5, Page 133

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+funcprot(0)

+//CALCULATIONS

+Im=100;//current in amps

+f=50;//freq in hz

+w=2*%pi*50;//angular freq in rad/sec

+//at t=0.0025

+function f=myfun(t)

+  f=Im*sin(w*t(1));

+endfunction

+t=[0.0025];

+g=numdiff(myfun,t)//by using numdiff function the calculated value will defer to observed value by 15

+//at t= 0.005

+function f1=myfun(t1)

+  f1=Im*sin(w*t1(1));

+endfunction

+t1=[0.005];

+g1=numdiff(myfun,t1);

+//at t= 0.01

+function f2=myfun(t2);

+  f2=Im*sin(w*t2(1));

+endfunction

+t2=[0.01];

+g2=numdiff(myfun,t2);

+mprintf("rate of change of current at t=0.025,t=0.005,t=0.01 sec are %d A/sec %d A/sec %d A/sec respectively",g,g1,g2);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.6/ex4_6.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.6/ex4_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ae28b3d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.6/ex4_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.6, Page 134

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//INPUT DATA

+N=200;//no of turns

+a=250;//area of cross-section in sq.cm

+Bm=0.5;//magnetic field strength in Tesla

+speed=1200;//in r.p.m

+//CALCULATIONS

+w=2*%pi*(speed/60);//angular freq in rad/sec

+phi=Bm*a*10^-4;//area taken in sq.m

+Em=N*w*phi;//maximum value of induced Emf

+mprintf("maximum value of induced Emf is %d volts\n",Em);

+//equation for instantaneous induced emf is e=Em*sin(w*t)

+//when  plane of coil is parallel to field ,theta is 90 degrees

+e1=Em*sin(%pi/2);//converted degrees to radians

+mprintf("when  plane of coil is parallel to field, induced Emf is %d volts\n",e1);

+//when plane of coil is parallel to field ,theta is 0 degrees

+e2=Em*sin(0);

+mprintf("when  plane of coil is perpendicular to field, induced Emf is %d volts\n",e2);

+//when plane of coli is inclined at 45 degrees to the field

+e3=Em*sin(%pi/4);

+mprintf("when  plane of coil is at 45 degrees to field, induced Emf is %d volts\n",e3);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8067c2d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.7, Page 135

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//INPUT DATA

+I=10;//direct current in A

+Im=10;//peak value of sinusoidal current in A

+//CALCULATIONS

+function y1=f1(x),y1=(I+Im*sin(x))^2,endfunction

+a1=(intg(0,2*%pi,f1));

+a1=a1/(2*%pi);//mean square value in A

+rms=sqrt(a1);//rms value in A

+mprintf("rms value is %2.2f A",rms);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.8/ex4_8.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.8/ex4_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2d5263e50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.8/ex4_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.8, Page 136

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//let the current peak value of sinusoidal and rectangular waves are Im.

+//CALCULATIONS

+Im=1;//let im current value be 1(just for calculation purposes)

+rms1=sqrt(((Im)^2*%pi)/(%pi));//rms current value of rectangular wave

+function y1=f1(x),y1=(Im^2)*(sin(x))^2,endfunction

+a1=(intg(0,%pi,f1));

+a1=a1/(%pi);//mean square value in A

+rms=sqrt(a1);//rms value in A

+z=((rms)^2/(rms1)^2);//relative heating effects 

+mprintf("relative heating effects is %1.1f",z);

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================

diff --git a/1964/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce b/1964/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..efc93d898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1964/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Chapter-4, Example 4.9, Page 137

+//=============================================================================

+clc

+clear

+//CALCULATIONS

+//for subdivision a

+funcprot(0);

+max=40;

+rms=max/sqrt(2);

+mprintf("max and rms values are %d  units and %2.2f units respectively\n",max,rms);

+//for subdivision b

+//max=A+B

+//rms=(A+B)/sqrt(2)

+//for subdivision c

+max1=sqrt(((10)^2)+((17.3)^2));

+rms1=max1/sqrt(2);

+mprintf("max and rms values are %2.2f units and %2.2f units respectively",max1,rms1);

+//note:in textbook for sub div (c) square root has not taken for maximum value computed

+//=================================END OF PROGRAM==============================