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23 files changed, 503 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.1/Exmp6_1.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.1/Exmp6_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f906fc229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.1/Exmp6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Example 6.1

+clc

+ibq=(20-0.7)/1.5

+format(6)

+disp(ibq,"(i) I_BQ(in mA) = V_CC-V_BE / R_B =")

+icq=50*12.87

+format(7)

+disp(icq,"I_CQ(in mA) = beta * I_BQ =")

+disp("(ii) V_CC = I_CQ*R_L + V_CEQ")

+vceq=20-(643.5*16*10^-3)

+format(5)

+disp(vceq,"Therefore,  V_CEQ(in V) = V_CC - I_CQ*R_L =")

+format(6)

+pdc=20*643.5*10^-3

+disp(pdc,"(iii) P_DC(in W) = V_CC * I_CQ =")

+disp("(iv) P_ac Peak current i_b = 9 mA")

+ic=50*9

+format(4)

+disp(ic,"i_c(in mA) = beta * i_b =")

+icm=450/sqrt(2)

+format(8)

+disp(icm,"Therefore,  i_c(rms) = I_rms(in mA) = i_c(peak) / sqrt(2) =")

+pac=318.19^2*16*10^-6

+format(7)

+disp(pac,"Therefore,  P_ac(in W) = (I_rms)^2 * R_L =")

+n=(1.619*100)/12.87

+disp(n,"(v) Efficiency eta(in percentage) = P_ac/P_DC * 100 =")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.12/Exmp6_12.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.12/Exmp6_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1dfbb10c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.12/Exmp6_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Example 6.12

+clc

+disp("R_L = 8 ohm, V_CC = +-12 V hence dual supply version")

+pac=0.5*(12^2/8)

+format(2)

+disp(pac,"(1)  (P_ac)_max(in W) = 1/2 * V_CC^2/R_L =")

+disp("(2)  P_DC = V_CC*I_DC  but I_DC = 2*I_m / pi")

+disp("          = V_CC * (2*I_m/pi)")

+disp("Now  R_L = V_m/I_m i.e. I_m = V_m/R_L and V_m = V_CC")

+pdc=(12^2*2)/(8*%pi)

+format(8)

+disp(pdc,"Therefore,  P_DC(in W) = V_CC * 2 * V_CC/R_L * 1/pi =")

+pdt=11.4591-9

+disp(pdt,"Therefore,  Total P_D(in W) = P_DC - P_ac =")

+pd=2.4591/2

+format(7)

+disp(pd,"Therefore,  P_D per transistor(in W) =")

+n=900/11.4591

+format(5)

+disp(n,"(3)  %eta(in percentage) = P_ac/P_DC * 100 =")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.13/e6_13.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.13/e6_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0cbe73c75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.13/e6_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//example6.13

+clc

+disp("V_CC=10V ,R_L=5 ohm")

+p=100/10

+disp(p,"i) (P_ac)_max[in W]= (V_CC^2)/(2*R_L)=(10^2)/(2*5)=")

+disp("ii) To decide Power rating of transistors means to find (P_D)_max")

+v=(2*10)/(%pi)

+disp(v,"V_m(in V)=")

+disp("Now, R_L=(V_m)/(I_m)")

+i=6.3662/5 

+disp(i,"Therefore (I_m)[in A]=")

+disp("Therefore (P_DC)=(V_CC)*(I_DC)=(V_CC)*(2*I_m)/pi    (I_DC)=(2*I_m)/pi")

+p=(10*2*1.2732)/(%pi)

+disp(p," =(10*2*1.2732)/(pi) =")

+p=(6.3662*1.2732)/2

+disp(p,"and  (P_ac)[in W]=(V_m*I_m)/2=")

+p=8.1056-4.5027

+disp(p,"(P_D)_max[in W]= (P_DC)-(P_ac)=")

+p=4.0528/2

+disp(p,"Therefore P_D rating fora each transistor =(P_D)_max/2=")

+disp("iii) For (P_ac)_max, V_m=V_CC=10 V")

+i=10/5

+disp(i,"I_m(in A)=(V_m)/R_L=")

+p=(10*2*2)/%pi

+disp(p,"P_DC(in W)=")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.15/Exmp6_15.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.15/Exmp6_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a2cb710b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.15/Exmp6_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Example 6.15

+clc

+disp("V_CC = 20 V,  R_L = 4 ohm")

+vm=(2*20)/%pi

+format(8)

+disp(vm,"For (P_d)max,  V_m(in V) = 2/pi * V_CC = ")

+disp("R_L = V_m / I_m")

+im=12.7324/4

+format(6)

+disp(im,"Therefore,  I_m(in A) = V_m / R_L =")

+idc=(2*3.183)/%pi

+format(7)

+disp(idc,"Therefore,  I_dc(in A) = 2*I_m / pi =")

+pac=(0.5*12.7324^2)/4

+format(8)

+disp(pac,"Therefore,  P_ac(in W) = 1/2 * V_m^2/R_L =")

+pdc=20*2.0254

+format(7)

+disp(pdc,"and  P_dc(in W) = V_CC * I_DC =")

+pdm=40.508-20.2542

+format(8)

+disp(pdm,"Therefore,  Total (P_d)max(in W) = P_dc - P_ac =")

+pdma=20.2538/2

+disp(pdma,"Therefore,  (P_d)max(in W) per transistor =")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.16/e6_16.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.16/e6_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ddd8bfbd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.16/e6_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//example6.16

+clc

+disp("For a given transistor,")

+disp("Maximum collector current =I_cm =1A")

+disp("Maximum power dissipation =P_d=10W")

+disp("Maximum V_CEO =40V")

+disp("For maximum output power,")

+disp("I_cm=2*I_CQ")

+i=1/2

+disp(i,"I_CQ=1/2=")

+disp("and V_CEO=2*V_CC")

+v=40/2

+disp(v,"V_CC(in V)=V_CEO/2=")

+disp("and  V_cc=V_m=20V for (P_ac)_max")

+disp("(P_ac)_max=(V_cc^2)/(2*R_L)")

+disp("R''_L=(V_m)/I_m and I_m=I_CQ=0.5 A")

+r=20/0.5

+disp(r,"R''_L(in ohm)=")

+p=(20^2)/80

+disp(p,"(P_ac)_max(in W)=(20^2)/(2*40)=")

+disp("Now, R''_L=R_L/n^2")

+n=sqrt(0.0625)

+disp(n,"n=N2/N1=")

+n=1/0.25

+disp(n,"Therefore N1/N2=1/n=")

+disp("Hence the turns ratio of output transformer is 4:1")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.19/e6_19.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.19/e6_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..76630d2fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.19/e6_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//example6.19

+clc

+disp("Using equation (2) from section 6.7, we can determine I_BQ.")

+i=(18-0.7)/(1.2*10^3)

+format(10)

+disp(i,"I_BQ(in A)=")

+i=40*14.4167

+format(7)

+disp(i,"Now (I_CQ)[in mA]=(beta*I_BQ)=")

+v=18-(576.67*16*10^-3)

+disp(v,"And (V_CEQ)[in V]=(V_CC)-(I_CQ*R_L)=")

+p=18*576.67

+disp(p,"So  P_dc(in W)=(V_CC)*(I_CQ)=")

+disp("This is the input power.")

+disp("Now input a.c. voltage causes a base current of 5mA rms")

+disp("Therefore (I_b)_rms=5 mA")

+i=40*5

+disp(i,"Therefore i_c_rms(in mA)=40*5=")

+disp("This is nothing but the output collector current,rms value I_rms")

+disp("Therefore I_rms = 200mA")

+disp("Using equation (13) from section 6.8, we can write,")

+p=16*(200*10^-3)^2

+disp(p,"P_ac(in W)=(I_rms^2)^R_L=")

+disp("This is the power delivered to the load.")

+disp("Hence the efficiency of the amplifier is,")

+n=(64000*10^-3)/10.38

+disp(n,"%eta=(P_ac*100)/P_dc= ")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.2/Exmp6_2.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.2/Exmp6_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..75f55a014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.2/Exmp6_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example 6.2

+clc

+disp("R_L = 4 ohm,  N1 = 200,  N2 = 20")

+n=20/200

+format(4)

+disp(n,"Therefore,  n = N2 / N1 =")

+rl=4/(0.1^2)

+disp(rl,"Therefore,  R''_L(in ohm) = R1 / n^2 =")

+disp("As N2 < N1, the transformer is step down and hence R''_L > R_L, as the primary winding is high voltage winding.")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.20/Exmp6_20.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.20/Exmp6_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..afb0199c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.20/Exmp6_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//Example 6.20

+clc

+disp("V_CC = 20 V,  R_L = 20 ohm, turns ratio 1.58:1")

+n=1/1.58

+format(7)

+disp(n,"  n = 1/1.58 = ")

+rl=20/0.6329^2

+disp(rl,"Therefore,  R''_L(in ohm) = R_L / n^2 =")

+disp("(i) For maximum possible peak to peak output voltage, the power output is also maximum possible. For this condition the slope of the a.c. load line can be expressed as")

+disp("R''_L = V_m/I_m = V_CC/I_CQ")

+icq=20/49.928

+format(4)

+disp(icq,"Therefore,  I_CQ(in A) =")

+ibq=0.4/40

+format(5)

+disp(ibq,"Therefore,  I_BQ(in A) = I_CQ/beta =")

+disp("This is the required value of the base current")

+disp("(ii)  P_ac = I_Irms^2 * R''_L")

+disp("But for maximum power output condition,")

+irms=0.4/sqrt(2)

+format(8)

+disp(irms,"I_Irms(in A) = I_Im/sqrt(2) = I_CQ/sqrt(2) =")

+pac=49.928*0.2828^2

+format(2)

+disp(pac,"Therefore,  P_ac(in W) =")

+disp("(iii)  %eta = P_ac/P_DC * 100")

+pdc=20*0.4

+disp(pdc,"Now  P_DC(in W) = V_CC * I_CQ =")

+eta=400/8

+format(3)

+disp(eta,"%eta(in percentage) =")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.21/Exmp6_21.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.21/Exmp6_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ad9df0952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.21/Exmp6_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example 6.21

+clc

+disp("R_L = 8 ohm,  P_ac(max) = 40 W")

+disp("2*N1 = 160,  N2 = 40")

+disp("N1 = 80")

+n=40/80

+format(4)

+disp(n,"n = N2/N1 =")

+rl=8/0.5^2

+disp(rl,"Therefore,  R''_L(in ohm) = R_L / n^2 =")

+disp("Under maximum condition, V_CC = V_m")

+disp("Therefore,  P_ac(max) = 1/2 * V_CC^2/R''_L")

+vcc=sqrt(40*2*32)

+format(6)

+disp(vcc,"Therefore,  V_CC(in V) =")

+disp("This is the required value of V_CC")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.22/Exmp6_22.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.22/Exmp6_22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ccfa77828
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.22/Exmp6_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Example 6.22

+clc

+disp("For a common collector configuration the voltage gain is 1")

+disp("Therefore,  V_in(peak) = V_out(peak) = 20 V")

+disp("i.e.  V_m = 20 V")

+disp("Now  V_m/I_m = R_L")

+im=20/16

+format(5)

+disp(im,"Therefore,  I_m(in A) = V_m/R_L =")

+disp("while  V_CC = 25 V")

+pdc=(2*25*1.25)/%pi

+format(8)

+disp(pdc,"Now  P_DC(in W) = 2*V_CC*I_m / pi =")

+pac=(20*1.25)/2

+format(5)

+disp(pac,"P_ac(in W) = V_m*I_m / 2 =")

+eta=1250/19.8943

+format(7)

+disp(eta,"Therefore,  %eta(in percentage) = P_ac*100 / P_DC =")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.26/Exmp6_26.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.26/Exmp6_26.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f2d6cc144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.26/Exmp6_26.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Example 6.26

+clc

+disp("(i) As single transistor is used, even harmonic components will not get eliminated")

+d2=1000/120

+d3=400/120

+d4=200/120

+d5=100/120

+format(5)

+disp(d2,"  D2(in percentage) = |B2| / |B1| =")

+disp(d3,"  D3(in percentage) = |B3| / |B1| =")

+format(6)

+disp(d4,"  D4(in percentage) = |B4| / |B1| =")

+disp(d5,"  D5(in percentage) = |B5| / |B1| =")

+disp("The total harmonic distortion is,")

+disp("%D = sqrt(D2^2 + D3^2 + D4^2 + D5^2) * 100")

+d=sqrt((0.0833^2)+(0.0333^2)+(0.01667^2)+(0.00833^2))*100

+format(7)

+disp(d,"Therefore,  %D(in percentage) =")

+disp("(ii) When identical second transistor is used, then all even harmonics get eliminated. So only D3 and D5 will present")

+dp=sqrt((0.033^2)+(0.00833^2))*100

+disp(dp,"Therefore,  %D(in percentage) = sqrt(D3^2 + D5^2)*100 =")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.27/e6_27.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.27/e6_27.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cec748684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.27/e6_27.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//example6.27

+clc

+disp("From the fig 6.50 we can write,")

+disp("V_CC=20V and R_L=12 ohm")

+disp("i) The maximum ac power that can be delivered to the load is,")

+p=(20^2)/24

+disp(p,"(P_ac)_max[in W]= ")

+disp("Let new power delivered to load be (P_ac)''.")

+disp("The corresponding new supply voltage be (V''_cc)")

+disp("(P_ac)''[in W]=1.36(P_ac)_max     ..36% more")

+p=1.36*16.67

+disp(p,"= 1.36*16.67=")

+disp("And (P_ac)''=(V''_cc^2)/R_L")

+disp("Therefore 22.67=(V''_cc^2)/(2*12)")

+v=sqrt(544.1088)

+disp(v,"V''_cc(in V)=")

+disp("Hence the percentage increase in supply voltage is,")

+p=(23.326-20)/0.2

+disp(p,"= ((V''_cc-V_cc)*100)/V_cc= ")

+disp("The mimimum breakdown voltage per transistor this condition is,")

+v=2*23.326

+disp(v,"=2*V''_cc=2*23.326=")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.3/Exmp6_3.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.3/Exmp6_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e0f0c6dd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.3/Exmp6_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Example 6.3

+clc

+disp("R_L = 8 ohm, R''_L = 648 ohm")

+disp("Now  R''_L = R_L / n^2")

+n=8/648

+format(8)

+disp(n,"Therefore,  n^2 = R_L / R''_L =")

+disp("Therefore,  n = 0.1111 = Turn ratio")

+disp("But,  n = N2 / N1 = 0.1111")

+disp("Therefore,  N1/N2 = 9")

+disp("Generally the turns ratio is specified as Ni/N2 : 1 i.e. for this transformer it is 9:1")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.30/e6_30.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.30/e6_30.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..293d67dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.30/e6_30.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//example6.30

+disp("The circuit used for providing proper biasing is self bias, for which the various currents can be shown in the fig 6.52")

+disp("Applying KVL to base emiter loop,")

+disp("(-V_BE)-(I_E*R_E)+(I*R2)=0")

+disp("Theredfore (I*100)-(1+beta)*I_B*10=V_BE")

+disp("100I-210(I_B)=0.5     ..(1)")

+disp("Applying KVL through R1 and R2,")

+disp("(-R1(I+I_B))-(R2*I)+V_cc=0")

+disp("-1000(I+I_B)-100I=-V_cc")

+disp("1100I+1000(I_B)=25    ..(2)")

+disp("Multiplying equation (1) by 11 and subtracting from equation (2) we get,")

+disp("3310(I_B)=19.5")

+i=19.5/3310

+disp(i,"Therefore I_B(in A)=")

+format(8)

+disp("Thereofore I_C=(beta*I_B)=117.82 mA=I_CQ")

+disp("Now n=N2/N1=1/8")

+r=5*(8^2)

+disp("Therefore (R''_L)=(R_L)/(n^2)=")

+disp("i) For maximum power delivered to load,")

+disp("V_1m=V_CEQ")

+disp("Apply KVL to collector-emitter loop,")

+disp("(-10I_C)-(V_CEQ)-(10*I_E)+V_CC=0")

+v=25-(20*(117.82*10^-3))

+format(7)

+disp(v,"V_CEQ=V_cc-20*I_C     ...I_C=I_E")

+p=(22.643^2)/640

+disp(p,"(P_ac)_pri[in W]=(V_CEQ^2)/(2*R''_L)=")

+p=0.9*0.8011

+disp(p,"(P_ac)_max[in W]=0.9*0.8011=")

+disp("This is maximum power delivered to the load.")

+p=25*117.82*10^-3

+format(7)

+disp("ii) Now (P_DC)[in W]=V_CC*I_CQ=")

+n=(0.721*100)/2.9455

+format(6)

+disp(n,"%eta=(P_ac*100)/(P_dc)=")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.32/e6_32.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.32/e6_32.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3c1621b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.32/e6_32.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//example6.32

+clc

+disp("When no signal is applied, current drawn is")

+disp("I_CQ =200mA from V_cc= 10V")

+p=10*200*10^-3

+disp("P_DC(in W)=V_CC*I_CQ=")

+disp("For maximum power output,")

+disp("V_1m=V_cc=10V and I_1m=I_CQ=200mA")

+p=2/2

+disp(p,"P_ac(in W)=(V_1rms*I_1rms)=(V_1m*I_1m)/2=(10*200*10^-3)/2=")

+disp("i) P_ac(max)=Maximum output power =1W")

+n=100/2

+disp(n,"ii) %eta=(P_ac*100)/(P_DC)=")

+disp("P_d(max)=V_cc*I_CQ= 2W")

+disp("The power dissipation rating of the transistor must be higher than 2W")

+r=10/(200^10^-3)

+disp(r,"Now  R''_L(in ohm)=(V_1m)/(I_1m)=")

+n=1/5

+disp(n,"Now R_L=2 ohm and n =N2/N1=1/5=")

+r=2/(0.2^2)

+disp(r,"R''_L(in ohm)=(R_L)/n^2=")

+disp("As R''_L required matches with the R''_L of the circuit, impedance matching is perfect")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.33/Exmp6_33.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.33/Exmp6_33.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cf86c6358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.33/Exmp6_33.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example 6.33

+clc

+disp("B1 = 5*10^-2,  B2 = 10^-4,  B3 = 3*10^-6")

+disp("These are the amplitudes of various frequency components")

+d2=10^-4/(50*10^-2)

+d3=(3*10^-6)/(50*10^-2)

+d=sqrt((2*10^-4)^2+(6*10^-6)^2)*100

+format(7)

+disp(d2,"Therefore,  D2 = |B2|/|B1| =")

+disp(d3,"Therefore,  D2 = |B3|/|B1| =")

+format(5)

+disp(d,"Therefore,  %D(in percentage) = sqrt(D2^2 + D3^2)*100 =")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.34/Exmp6_34.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.34/Exmp6_34.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d997c50d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.34/Exmp6_34.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Example 6.34

+clc

+disp("V_CC = 12 V,  I_PP = 100 mA,  R_L = 5 ohm")

+disp("Therefore,  I_m = I_PP/2 = 50 mA")

+pac=((2500*10^-6)*5)/2

+format(8)

+disp(pac,"(i)  P_ac(in W) = I_m^2*R_L / 2 =")

+disp("(ii)  P_ac(max) = 1/2 * V_CC^2/R_L")

+disp("But  P_ac = V_m*I_m/2 and V_m = V_CC for maximum power")

+rl=12^2/0.6

+format(4)

+disp(rl,"Therefore,  R''_L(in ohm) = ")

+disp("But  R''_L = R_L/n^2  i.e. 240 = 5/n^2")

+disp("Therefore,  n^2 = 0.02083  i.e. n = 0.1443 = N2/N1")

+disp("Therefore,  N1/N2 = 6.928 : 1")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.35/Exmp6_35.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.35/Exmp6_35.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3b230e449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.35/Exmp6_35.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Example 6.35

+clc

+disp("I_CQ = 250 mA,  V_CEQ = 8 V")

+disp("V_max = 15 V,  V_min = 1 V,  I_max = 450 mA,  I_min = 40 mA")

+ipp=450-40

+disp(ipp,"Therefore,  I_pp(in mA) = I_max - I_min =")

+vpp=15-1

+disp(vpp,"Therefore,  V_pp(in V) = V_max - V_min =")

+vm=14/2

+disp(vm,"Therefore,  V_m(in V) = V_pp/2 =")

+im=410/2

+disp(im,"Therefore,  I_m(in mA) = I_pp/2 =")

+pac=(7*205*10^-3)/2

+pdc=250*8*10^-3

+n=71.75/2

+pd=2-0.7175

+format(7)

+disp(pac,"(i)  P_ac(in W) = V_m*I_m/2 =                 ...output power")

+disp(pdc,"(ii)  P_DC(in W) = I_CQ*V_CEQ =               ...input power")

+disp(n,"(iii)  %eta(in %) = P_ac/P_DC * 100 =           ...efficiency")

+disp(pd,"(iv)  P_d(in W) = P_DC - P_ac =                ...power dissipation")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.4/e6_4.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.4/e6_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..07e0d6e82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.4/e6_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//example6.4

+clc

+disp("R_L=8ohm, I_CQ=140 mA, V_CC=10V")

+disp("P_ac= 0.48 W")

+disp("The turns ratio are specified as N1/N2:1 i.e 3:1")

+disp("Therefore N1/N2=3")

+n=1/3

+disp(n,"n=N2/N1=1/3=")

+r=8/(0.333)^2

+disp(r,"Therefore R''_L=R_L/n^2=")

+disp("1. As the transformer is ideal, whatever is the power delivered to the load,same is the power developed across primary.")

+disp("Therefore P_ac(across primary)=0.48W")

+disp("2. Using equation (9),")

+disp("we get, P_ac=(V_1rms^2)/(R''_L)")

+disp("Therefore 0.48=(V_1rms^2)/72")

+v=sqrt(34.56)

+disp(v,"Therefore V_1rms(in V)=")

+disp("But rms value of the load voltage is V_2rms")

+disp("So (V1_rms)/(V2_rms)=N1/N2=3/1")

+v=5.8787/3

+disp(v,"Therefore (V2_rms)(in V)=(V1_rms)/3=")

+disp("This is the rms value of the load voltage.")

+disp("3. The rms value of the primary voltage is (V1_rms) as calculated above.")

+disp("Therefore (V1_rms)=5.8787 V")

+disp("4. The power delivered to the load = (I_2rms^2)*R_L       ..Refer equation 13.")

+disp("0.48=(I_2rms^2)*8")

+i=sqrt(0.06)

+disp(i,"(I_2rms)[in A]=")

+disp("This is the rms value of the load current as the resistance value used is R_L and not R''_L")

+disp("5. The rms values of primary and secondary are related through the transformation ratio.")

+disp("Therefore (I_1rms)/(I_2rms)=N2/N1=n=0.333")

+i=0.2449*0.333

+disp(i,"Thererfore (I_1rms)[in A]=0.2449*0.333= ")

+disp("6. The dc power input is,")

+p=140*10^-2

+disp(p,"P_DC(in W)=(V_CC)*(I_CQ)=")

+n=(0.48*100)/1.4

+disp(n,"7. %eta=(P_ac *100)/(P_dc)=")

+d=1.4-0.48

+disp(d,"P_d(in W)=")

+disp("This is the power dissipation.")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.6/Exmp6_6.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.6/Exmp6_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d2a9206c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.6/Exmp6_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example 6.6

+clc

+disp("R_L = 4 k-ohm,  (P_ac)_D = 0.85 W")

+disp("The current without signal is I_CQ = 31 mA")

+disp("The current with signal is I_CQ + B0 = 34 mA")

+disp("The increase is due to harmonic content in the signal")

+disp("Therefore,  B0 = 34 - 31 = 3 mA")

+disp("But,  B2 = B0 = 3 mA")

+disp("Now  (P_ac)_D = P_ac * [1+D2^2]      ... Assuming only second harmonic")

+disp("Therefore,  (P_ac)_D = 1/2*B1^2*R_L * [1 + B2^2/B1^2]")

+disp("Therefore,  (P_ac)_D = 1/2*B1^2*R_L + 1/2*B2^2*R_L")

+disp("0.85 = 1/2*B1^2*(4*10^3) + 1/2*(9*10^-6)*(4*10^3)")

+disp("Therefore,  B1 = 20.396 mA")

+d2=300/20.396

+format(7)

+disp(d2,"Therefore,  D2(in percentage) = |B2|/|B1| * 100 =")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.7/Exmp6_7.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.7/Exmp6_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fa8d27218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.7/Exmp6_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example 6.7

+clc

+disp("The maximum power dissipation occurs when the value of V_m is")

+disp("V_m = 2/pi * V_CC")

+disp("Now  P_ac = V_m*I_m / 2")

+disp("So at the time of maximum power dissipation, it is")

+disp("P_ac = 2/pi * V_CC*I_m/2 = V_CC*I_m / pi")

+disp("Now  P_DC = 2/pi * V_CC * I_m")

+disp("Hence,  %eta = P_ac/P_DC * 100 = (V_CC*I_m/pi)/(2*V_CC*I_m/pi)*100 = 50%")

+disp("Thus efficiency is just 50% when the power dissipation is maximum. While the maximum effiency of the class B operation is 78.5%")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.8/Exmp6_8.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.8/Exmp6_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..76c807628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.8/Exmp6_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Example 6.8

+clc

+disp("R_L = 12 ohm,  n = N2/N1 = 1/3 = 0.333, eta_trans = 78.5%")

+rl=12/(0.333^2)

+format(4)

+disp(rl,"Therefore,  R''_L = R_L / n^2 =")

+pac=(0.5*20^2)/108

+format(7)

+disp("(i) For P_max, V_m = V_CC")

+disp(pac,"Threfore,  (P_ac)_max(in W) = 1/2 * V_CC^2/R''_L =")

+disp("But  eta_trans = 78.5%")

+pl=0.785*1.8518

+disp(pl,"Therefore,  P_L(in W) = eta_trans * (P_ac)_max =")

+vm=(2*20)/%pi

+format(8)

+disp(vm,"(ii) Condition for (P_d)_max is V_m(in V) = 2*V_CC/pi =")

+pd=(2*20^2)/(108*%pi^2)

+format(7)

+disp(pd,"Therefore,  (P_d)_max(in W) = 2*V_CC^2 / pi^2*R''_L =")

+pdm=0.7505/2

+disp(pdm,"Therefore,  (P_d)_max(in W) per transistor =")

+disp("(iii) (P_ac)_max = V_rms * I_rms = V_m/sqrt(2) * I_m/sqrt(2) = V_m*I_m / 2  and  V_m = V_CC")

+disp("Therefore,  1.8518 = 20*I_m / 2")

+im=(2*1.8518)/20

+disp(im,"Therefore,  I_m(in A) = (I_c)_max =")

+ibm=(0.1851/25)*10^3

+disp(ibm,"and  (i_b)_max(in mA) = (i_c))max / h_fe =")

diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.9/e6_9.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.9/e6_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e81cdcb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.9/e6_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//example6.9

+clc

+disp("R_L=16 ohm, V_CC=25 V")

+disp("Now 2N1=200, N2=50")

+n=200/2

+disp(n,"Therefore N1=")

+n=50/100

+disp(n,"Therefore n=N2/N1=")

+r=16/(0.5^2)

+disp(r,"Therefore R''_L =(R_L)/(n^2)=")

+disp("For maximum power output, V_m=V_CC")

+p=(25^2)/(2*64)

+disp(p,"i) (P_ac)_max [in W]=(V_CC^2)/(2*R_L)=")

+disp("ii) (P_dc)=(2*V_CC*I_m)/pi")

+disp("Now  (V_m)/(I_m)=(R''_L)")

+disp("and V_m=V_CC")

+i=25/64

+disp(i,"Therefore (I_m)=(V_CC)/(R''_L)=")

+p=(2*25*0.3906)/(%pi)

+disp(p,"Therefore (P_DC)[in W]=")

+n=(4.8848*100)/6.2169

+disp(n,"iii) %eta=(P_ac*100)/(P_DC)=")

+p=(2*4.8828)/(%pi^2)

+disp(p,"iv) (P_d)_max[in W]=(2*(P_ac)_max)/(pi^2)=")