From b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: priyanka Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2015 15:03:17 +0530 Subject: initial commit / add all books --- 1691/CH6/EX6.1/Exmp6_1.sce | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.12/Exmp6_12.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.13/e6_13.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.15/Exmp6_15.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.16/e6_16.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.19/e6_19.sce | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.2/Exmp6_2.sce | 9 +++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.20/Exmp6_20.sce | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.21/Exmp6_21.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.22/Exmp6_22.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.26/Exmp6_26.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.27/e6_27.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.3/Exmp6_3.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.30/e6_30.sce | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.32/e6_32.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.33/Exmp6_33.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.34/Exmp6_34.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.35/Exmp6_35.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.4/e6_4.sce | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.6/Exmp6_6.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.7/Exmp6_7.sce | 10 ++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.8/Exmp6_8.sce | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1691/CH6/EX6.9/e6_9.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 23 files changed, 503 insertions(+) create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.1/Exmp6_1.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.12/Exmp6_12.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.13/e6_13.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.15/Exmp6_15.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.16/e6_16.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.19/e6_19.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.2/Exmp6_2.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.20/Exmp6_20.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.21/Exmp6_21.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.22/Exmp6_22.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.26/Exmp6_26.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.27/e6_27.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.3/Exmp6_3.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.30/e6_30.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.32/e6_32.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.33/Exmp6_33.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.34/Exmp6_34.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.35/Exmp6_35.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.4/e6_4.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.6/Exmp6_6.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.7/Exmp6_7.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.8/Exmp6_8.sce create mode 100755 1691/CH6/EX6.9/e6_9.sce (limited to '1691/CH6') diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.1/Exmp6_1.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.1/Exmp6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f906fc229 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.1/Exmp6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Example 6.1 +clc +ibq=(20-0.7)/1.5 +format(6) +disp(ibq,"(i) I_BQ(in mA) = V_CC-V_BE / R_B =") +icq=50*12.87 +format(7) +disp(icq,"I_CQ(in mA) = beta * I_BQ =") +disp("(ii) V_CC = I_CQ*R_L + V_CEQ") +vceq=20-(643.5*16*10^-3) +format(5) +disp(vceq,"Therefore, V_CEQ(in V) = V_CC - I_CQ*R_L =") +format(6) +pdc=20*643.5*10^-3 +disp(pdc,"(iii) P_DC(in W) = V_CC * I_CQ =") +disp("(iv) P_ac Peak current i_b = 9 mA") +ic=50*9 +format(4) +disp(ic,"i_c(in mA) = beta * i_b =") +icm=450/sqrt(2) +format(8) +disp(icm,"Therefore, i_c(rms) = I_rms(in mA) = i_c(peak) / sqrt(2) =") +pac=318.19^2*16*10^-6 +format(7) +disp(pac,"Therefore, P_ac(in W) = (I_rms)^2 * R_L =") +n=(1.619*100)/12.87 +disp(n,"(v) Efficiency eta(in percentage) = P_ac/P_DC * 100 =") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.12/Exmp6_12.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.12/Exmp6_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1dfbb10c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.12/Exmp6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 6.12 +clc +disp("R_L = 8 ohm, V_CC = +-12 V hence dual supply version") +pac=0.5*(12^2/8) +format(2) +disp(pac,"(1) (P_ac)_max(in W) = 1/2 * V_CC^2/R_L =") +disp("(2) P_DC = V_CC*I_DC but I_DC = 2*I_m / pi") +disp(" = V_CC * (2*I_m/pi)") +disp("Now R_L = V_m/I_m i.e. I_m = V_m/R_L and V_m = V_CC") +pdc=(12^2*2)/(8*%pi) +format(8) +disp(pdc,"Therefore, P_DC(in W) = V_CC * 2 * V_CC/R_L * 1/pi =") +pdt=11.4591-9 +disp(pdt,"Therefore, Total P_D(in W) = P_DC - P_ac =") +pd=2.4591/2 +format(7) +disp(pd,"Therefore, P_D per transistor(in W) =") +n=900/11.4591 +format(5) +disp(n,"(3) %eta(in percentage) = P_ac/P_DC * 100 =") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.13/e6_13.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.13/e6_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0cbe73c75 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.13/e6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//example6.13 +clc +disp("V_CC=10V ,R_L=5 ohm") +p=100/10 +disp(p,"i) (P_ac)_max[in W]= (V_CC^2)/(2*R_L)=(10^2)/(2*5)=") +disp("ii) To decide Power rating of transistors means to find (P_D)_max") +v=(2*10)/(%pi) +disp(v,"V_m(in V)=") +disp("Now, R_L=(V_m)/(I_m)") +i=6.3662/5 +disp(i,"Therefore (I_m)[in A]=") +disp("Therefore (P_DC)=(V_CC)*(I_DC)=(V_CC)*(2*I_m)/pi (I_DC)=(2*I_m)/pi") +p=(10*2*1.2732)/(%pi) +disp(p," =(10*2*1.2732)/(pi) =") +p=(6.3662*1.2732)/2 +disp(p,"and (P_ac)[in W]=(V_m*I_m)/2=") +p=8.1056-4.5027 +disp(p,"(P_D)_max[in W]= (P_DC)-(P_ac)=") +p=4.0528/2 +disp(p,"Therefore P_D rating fora each transistor =(P_D)_max/2=") +disp("iii) For (P_ac)_max, V_m=V_CC=10 V") +i=10/5 +disp(i,"I_m(in A)=(V_m)/R_L=") +p=(10*2*2)/%pi +disp(p,"P_DC(in W)=") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.15/Exmp6_15.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.15/Exmp6_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1a2cb710b --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.15/Exmp6_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Example 6.15 +clc +disp("V_CC = 20 V, R_L = 4 ohm") +vm=(2*20)/%pi +format(8) +disp(vm,"For (P_d)max, V_m(in V) = 2/pi * V_CC = ") +disp("R_L = V_m / I_m") +im=12.7324/4 +format(6) +disp(im,"Therefore, I_m(in A) = V_m / R_L =") +idc=(2*3.183)/%pi +format(7) +disp(idc,"Therefore, I_dc(in A) = 2*I_m / pi =") +pac=(0.5*12.7324^2)/4 +format(8) +disp(pac,"Therefore, P_ac(in W) = 1/2 * V_m^2/R_L =") +pdc=20*2.0254 +format(7) +disp(pdc,"and P_dc(in W) = V_CC * I_DC =") +pdm=40.508-20.2542 +format(8) +disp(pdm,"Therefore, Total (P_d)max(in W) = P_dc - P_ac =") +pdma=20.2538/2 +disp(pdma,"Therefore, (P_d)max(in W) per transistor =") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.16/e6_16.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.16/e6_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ddd8bfbd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.16/e6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//example6.16 +clc +disp("For a given transistor,") +disp("Maximum collector current =I_cm =1A") +disp("Maximum power dissipation =P_d=10W") +disp("Maximum V_CEO =40V") +disp("For maximum output power,") +disp("I_cm=2*I_CQ") +i=1/2 +disp(i,"I_CQ=1/2=") +disp("and V_CEO=2*V_CC") +v=40/2 +disp(v,"V_CC(in V)=V_CEO/2=") +disp("and V_cc=V_m=20V for (P_ac)_max") +disp("(P_ac)_max=(V_cc^2)/(2*R_L)") +disp("R''_L=(V_m)/I_m and I_m=I_CQ=0.5 A") +r=20/0.5 +disp(r,"R''_L(in ohm)=") +p=(20^2)/80 +disp(p,"(P_ac)_max(in W)=(20^2)/(2*40)=") +disp("Now, R''_L=R_L/n^2") +n=sqrt(0.0625) +disp(n,"n=N2/N1=") +n=1/0.25 +disp(n,"Therefore N1/N2=1/n=") +disp("Hence the turns ratio of output transformer is 4:1") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.19/e6_19.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.19/e6_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..76630d2fa --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.19/e6_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//example6.19 +clc +disp("Using equation (2) from section 6.7, we can determine I_BQ.") +i=(18-0.7)/(1.2*10^3) +format(10) +disp(i,"I_BQ(in A)=") +i=40*14.4167 +format(7) +disp(i,"Now (I_CQ)[in mA]=(beta*I_BQ)=") +v=18-(576.67*16*10^-3) +disp(v,"And (V_CEQ)[in V]=(V_CC)-(I_CQ*R_L)=") +p=18*576.67 +disp(p,"So P_dc(in W)=(V_CC)*(I_CQ)=") +disp("This is the input power.") +disp("Now input a.c. voltage causes a base current of 5mA rms") +disp("Therefore (I_b)_rms=5 mA") +i=40*5 +disp(i,"Therefore i_c_rms(in mA)=40*5=") +disp("This is nothing but the output collector current,rms value I_rms") +disp("Therefore I_rms = 200mA") +disp("Using equation (13) from section 6.8, we can write,") +p=16*(200*10^-3)^2 +disp(p,"P_ac(in W)=(I_rms^2)^R_L=") +disp("This is the power delivered to the load.") +disp("Hence the efficiency of the amplifier is,") +n=(64000*10^-3)/10.38 +disp(n,"%eta=(P_ac*100)/P_dc= ") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.2/Exmp6_2.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.2/Exmp6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..75f55a014 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.2/Exmp6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 6.2 +clc +disp("R_L = 4 ohm, N1 = 200, N2 = 20") +n=20/200 +format(4) +disp(n,"Therefore, n = N2 / N1 =") +rl=4/(0.1^2) +disp(rl,"Therefore, R''_L(in ohm) = R1 / n^2 =") +disp("As N2 < N1, the transformer is step down and hence R''_L > R_L, as the primary winding is high voltage winding.") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.20/Exmp6_20.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.20/Exmp6_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..afb0199c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.20/Exmp6_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Example 6.20 +clc +disp("V_CC = 20 V, R_L = 20 ohm, turns ratio 1.58:1") +n=1/1.58 +format(7) +disp(n," n = 1/1.58 = ") +rl=20/0.6329^2 +disp(rl,"Therefore, R''_L(in ohm) = R_L / n^2 =") +disp("(i) For maximum possible peak to peak output voltage, the power output is also maximum possible. For this condition the slope of the a.c. load line can be expressed as") +disp("R''_L = V_m/I_m = V_CC/I_CQ") +icq=20/49.928 +format(4) +disp(icq,"Therefore, I_CQ(in A) =") +ibq=0.4/40 +format(5) +disp(ibq,"Therefore, I_BQ(in A) = I_CQ/beta =") +disp("This is the required value of the base current") +disp("(ii) P_ac = I_Irms^2 * R''_L") +disp("But for maximum power output condition,") +irms=0.4/sqrt(2) +format(8) +disp(irms,"I_Irms(in A) = I_Im/sqrt(2) = I_CQ/sqrt(2) =") +pac=49.928*0.2828^2 +format(2) +disp(pac,"Therefore, P_ac(in W) =") +disp("(iii) %eta = P_ac/P_DC * 100") +pdc=20*0.4 +disp(pdc,"Now P_DC(in W) = V_CC * I_CQ =") +eta=400/8 +format(3) +disp(eta,"%eta(in percentage) =") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.21/Exmp6_21.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.21/Exmp6_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ad9df0952 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.21/Exmp6_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 6.21 +clc +disp("R_L = 8 ohm, P_ac(max) = 40 W") +disp("2*N1 = 160, N2 = 40") +disp("N1 = 80") +n=40/80 +format(4) +disp(n,"n = N2/N1 =") +rl=8/0.5^2 +disp(rl,"Therefore, R''_L(in ohm) = R_L / n^2 =") +disp("Under maximum condition, V_CC = V_m") +disp("Therefore, P_ac(max) = 1/2 * V_CC^2/R''_L") +vcc=sqrt(40*2*32) +format(6) +disp(vcc,"Therefore, V_CC(in V) =") +disp("This is the required value of V_CC") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.22/Exmp6_22.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.22/Exmp6_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ccfa77828 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.22/Exmp6_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 6.22 +clc +disp("For a common collector configuration the voltage gain is 1") +disp("Therefore, V_in(peak) = V_out(peak) = 20 V") +disp("i.e. V_m = 20 V") +disp("Now V_m/I_m = R_L") +im=20/16 +format(5) +disp(im,"Therefore, I_m(in A) = V_m/R_L =") +disp("while V_CC = 25 V") +pdc=(2*25*1.25)/%pi +format(8) +disp(pdc,"Now P_DC(in W) = 2*V_CC*I_m / pi =") +pac=(20*1.25)/2 +format(5) +disp(pac,"P_ac(in W) = V_m*I_m / 2 =") +eta=1250/19.8943 +format(7) +disp(eta,"Therefore, %eta(in percentage) = P_ac*100 / P_DC =") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.26/Exmp6_26.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.26/Exmp6_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f2d6cc144 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.26/Exmp6_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Example 6.26 +clc +disp("(i) As single transistor is used, even harmonic components will not get eliminated") +d2=1000/120 +d3=400/120 +d4=200/120 +d5=100/120 +format(5) +disp(d2," D2(in percentage) = |B2| / |B1| =") +disp(d3," D3(in percentage) = |B3| / |B1| =") +format(6) +disp(d4," D4(in percentage) = |B4| / |B1| =") +disp(d5," D5(in percentage) = |B5| / |B1| =") +disp("The total harmonic distortion is,") +disp("%D = sqrt(D2^2 + D3^2 + D4^2 + D5^2) * 100") +d=sqrt((0.0833^2)+(0.0333^2)+(0.01667^2)+(0.00833^2))*100 +format(7) +disp(d,"Therefore, %D(in percentage) =") +disp("(ii) When identical second transistor is used, then all even harmonics get eliminated. So only D3 and D5 will present") +dp=sqrt((0.033^2)+(0.00833^2))*100 +disp(dp,"Therefore, %D(in percentage) = sqrt(D3^2 + D5^2)*100 =") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.27/e6_27.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.27/e6_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cec748684 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.27/e6_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//example6.27 +clc +disp("From the fig 6.50 we can write,") +disp("V_CC=20V and R_L=12 ohm") +disp("i) The maximum ac power that can be delivered to the load is,") +p=(20^2)/24 +disp(p,"(P_ac)_max[in W]= ") +disp("Let new power delivered to load be (P_ac)''.") +disp("The corresponding new supply voltage be (V''_cc)") +disp("(P_ac)''[in W]=1.36(P_ac)_max ..36% more") +p=1.36*16.67 +disp(p,"= 1.36*16.67=") +disp("And (P_ac)''=(V''_cc^2)/R_L") +disp("Therefore 22.67=(V''_cc^2)/(2*12)") +v=sqrt(544.1088) +disp(v,"V''_cc(in V)=") +disp("Hence the percentage increase in supply voltage is,") +p=(23.326-20)/0.2 +disp(p,"= ((V''_cc-V_cc)*100)/V_cc= ") +disp("The mimimum breakdown voltage per transistor this condition is,") +v=2*23.326 +disp(v,"=2*V''_cc=2*23.326=") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.3/Exmp6_3.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.3/Exmp6_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e0f0c6dd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.3/Exmp6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 6.3 +clc +disp("R_L = 8 ohm, R''_L = 648 ohm") +disp("Now R''_L = R_L / n^2") +n=8/648 +format(8) +disp(n,"Therefore, n^2 = R_L / R''_L =") +disp("Therefore, n = 0.1111 = Turn ratio") +disp("But, n = N2 / N1 = 0.1111") +disp("Therefore, N1/N2 = 9") +disp("Generally the turns ratio is specified as Ni/N2 : 1 i.e. for this transformer it is 9:1") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.30/e6_30.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.30/e6_30.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..293d67dfa --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.30/e6_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//example6.30 +disp("The circuit used for providing proper biasing is self bias, for which the various currents can be shown in the fig 6.52") +disp("Applying KVL to base emiter loop,") +disp("(-V_BE)-(I_E*R_E)+(I*R2)=0") +disp("Theredfore (I*100)-(1+beta)*I_B*10=V_BE") +disp("100I-210(I_B)=0.5 ..(1)") +disp("Applying KVL through R1 and R2,") +disp("(-R1(I+I_B))-(R2*I)+V_cc=0") +disp("-1000(I+I_B)-100I=-V_cc") +disp("1100I+1000(I_B)=25 ..(2)") +disp("Multiplying equation (1) by 11 and subtracting from equation (2) we get,") +disp("3310(I_B)=19.5") +i=19.5/3310 +disp(i,"Therefore I_B(in A)=") +format(8) +disp("Thereofore I_C=(beta*I_B)=117.82 mA=I_CQ") +disp("Now n=N2/N1=1/8") +r=5*(8^2) +disp("Therefore (R''_L)=(R_L)/(n^2)=") +disp("i) For maximum power delivered to load,") +disp("V_1m=V_CEQ") +disp("Apply KVL to collector-emitter loop,") +disp("(-10I_C)-(V_CEQ)-(10*I_E)+V_CC=0") +v=25-(20*(117.82*10^-3)) +format(7) +disp(v,"V_CEQ=V_cc-20*I_C ...I_C=I_E") +p=(22.643^2)/640 +disp(p,"(P_ac)_pri[in W]=(V_CEQ^2)/(2*R''_L)=") +p=0.9*0.8011 +disp(p,"(P_ac)_max[in W]=0.9*0.8011=") +disp("This is maximum power delivered to the load.") +p=25*117.82*10^-3 +format(7) +disp("ii) Now (P_DC)[in W]=V_CC*I_CQ=") +n=(0.721*100)/2.9455 +format(6) +disp(n,"%eta=(P_ac*100)/(P_dc)=") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.32/e6_32.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.32/e6_32.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3c1621b17 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.32/e6_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//example6.32 +clc +disp("When no signal is applied, current drawn is") +disp("I_CQ =200mA from V_cc= 10V") +p=10*200*10^-3 +disp("P_DC(in W)=V_CC*I_CQ=") +disp("For maximum power output,") +disp("V_1m=V_cc=10V and I_1m=I_CQ=200mA") +p=2/2 +disp(p,"P_ac(in W)=(V_1rms*I_1rms)=(V_1m*I_1m)/2=(10*200*10^-3)/2=") +disp("i) P_ac(max)=Maximum output power =1W") +n=100/2 +disp(n,"ii) %eta=(P_ac*100)/(P_DC)=") +disp("P_d(max)=V_cc*I_CQ= 2W") +disp("The power dissipation rating of the transistor must be higher than 2W") +r=10/(200^10^-3) +disp(r,"Now R''_L(in ohm)=(V_1m)/(I_1m)=") +n=1/5 +disp(n,"Now R_L=2 ohm and n =N2/N1=1/5=") +r=2/(0.2^2) +disp(r,"R''_L(in ohm)=(R_L)/n^2=") +disp("As R''_L required matches with the R''_L of the circuit, impedance matching is perfect") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.33/Exmp6_33.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.33/Exmp6_33.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cf86c6358 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.33/Exmp6_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 6.33 +clc +disp("B1 = 5*10^-2, B2 = 10^-4, B3 = 3*10^-6") +disp("These are the amplitudes of various frequency components") +d2=10^-4/(50*10^-2) +d3=(3*10^-6)/(50*10^-2) +d=sqrt((2*10^-4)^2+(6*10^-6)^2)*100 +format(7) +disp(d2,"Therefore, D2 = |B2|/|B1| =") +disp(d3,"Therefore, D2 = |B3|/|B1| =") +format(5) +disp(d,"Therefore, %D(in percentage) = sqrt(D2^2 + D3^2)*100 =") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.34/Exmp6_34.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.34/Exmp6_34.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d997c50d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.34/Exmp6_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 6.34 +clc +disp("V_CC = 12 V, I_PP = 100 mA, R_L = 5 ohm") +disp("Therefore, I_m = I_PP/2 = 50 mA") +pac=((2500*10^-6)*5)/2 +format(8) +disp(pac,"(i) P_ac(in W) = I_m^2*R_L / 2 =") +disp("(ii) P_ac(max) = 1/2 * V_CC^2/R_L") +disp("But P_ac = V_m*I_m/2 and V_m = V_CC for maximum power") +rl=12^2/0.6 +format(4) +disp(rl,"Therefore, R''_L(in ohm) = ") +disp("But R''_L = R_L/n^2 i.e. 240 = 5/n^2") +disp("Therefore, n^2 = 0.02083 i.e. n = 0.1443 = N2/N1") +disp("Therefore, N1/N2 = 6.928 : 1") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.35/Exmp6_35.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.35/Exmp6_35.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3b230e449 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.35/Exmp6_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Example 6.35 +clc +disp("I_CQ = 250 mA, V_CEQ = 8 V") +disp("V_max = 15 V, V_min = 1 V, I_max = 450 mA, I_min = 40 mA") +ipp=450-40 +disp(ipp,"Therefore, I_pp(in mA) = I_max - I_min =") +vpp=15-1 +disp(vpp,"Therefore, V_pp(in V) = V_max - V_min =") +vm=14/2 +disp(vm,"Therefore, V_m(in V) = V_pp/2 =") +im=410/2 +disp(im,"Therefore, I_m(in mA) = I_pp/2 =") +pac=(7*205*10^-3)/2 +pdc=250*8*10^-3 +n=71.75/2 +pd=2-0.7175 +format(7) +disp(pac,"(i) P_ac(in W) = V_m*I_m/2 = ...output power") +disp(pdc,"(ii) P_DC(in W) = I_CQ*V_CEQ = ...input power") +disp(n,"(iii) %eta(in %) = P_ac/P_DC * 100 = ...efficiency") +disp(pd,"(iv) P_d(in W) = P_DC - P_ac = ...power dissipation") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.4/e6_4.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.4/e6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..07e0d6e82 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.4/e6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//example6.4 +clc +disp("R_L=8ohm, I_CQ=140 mA, V_CC=10V") +disp("P_ac= 0.48 W") +disp("The turns ratio are specified as N1/N2:1 i.e 3:1") +disp("Therefore N1/N2=3") +n=1/3 +disp(n,"n=N2/N1=1/3=") +r=8/(0.333)^2 +disp(r,"Therefore R''_L=R_L/n^2=") +disp("1. As the transformer is ideal, whatever is the power delivered to the load,same is the power developed across primary.") +disp("Therefore P_ac(across primary)=0.48W") +disp("2. Using equation (9),") +disp("we get, P_ac=(V_1rms^2)/(R''_L)") +disp("Therefore 0.48=(V_1rms^2)/72") +v=sqrt(34.56) +disp(v,"Therefore V_1rms(in V)=") +disp("But rms value of the load voltage is V_2rms") +disp("So (V1_rms)/(V2_rms)=N1/N2=3/1") +v=5.8787/3 +disp(v,"Therefore (V2_rms)(in V)=(V1_rms)/3=") +disp("This is the rms value of the load voltage.") +disp("3. The rms value of the primary voltage is (V1_rms) as calculated above.") +disp("Therefore (V1_rms)=5.8787 V") +disp("4. The power delivered to the load = (I_2rms^2)*R_L ..Refer equation 13.") +disp("0.48=(I_2rms^2)*8") +i=sqrt(0.06) +disp(i,"(I_2rms)[in A]=") +disp("This is the rms value of the load current as the resistance value used is R_L and not R''_L") +disp("5. The rms values of primary and secondary are related through the transformation ratio.") +disp("Therefore (I_1rms)/(I_2rms)=N2/N1=n=0.333") +i=0.2449*0.333 +disp(i,"Thererfore (I_1rms)[in A]=0.2449*0.333= ") +disp("6. The dc power input is,") +p=140*10^-2 +disp(p,"P_DC(in W)=(V_CC)*(I_CQ)=") +n=(0.48*100)/1.4 +disp(n,"7. %eta=(P_ac *100)/(P_dc)=") +d=1.4-0.48 +disp(d,"P_d(in W)=") +disp("This is the power dissipation.") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.6/Exmp6_6.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.6/Exmp6_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d2a9206c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.6/Exmp6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 6.6 +clc +disp("R_L = 4 k-ohm, (P_ac)_D = 0.85 W") +disp("The current without signal is I_CQ = 31 mA") +disp("The current with signal is I_CQ + B0 = 34 mA") +disp("The increase is due to harmonic content in the signal") +disp("Therefore, B0 = 34 - 31 = 3 mA") +disp("But, B2 = B0 = 3 mA") +disp("Now (P_ac)_D = P_ac * [1+D2^2] ... Assuming only second harmonic") +disp("Therefore, (P_ac)_D = 1/2*B1^2*R_L * [1 + B2^2/B1^2]") +disp("Therefore, (P_ac)_D = 1/2*B1^2*R_L + 1/2*B2^2*R_L") +disp("0.85 = 1/2*B1^2*(4*10^3) + 1/2*(9*10^-6)*(4*10^3)") +disp("Therefore, B1 = 20.396 mA") +d2=300/20.396 +format(7) +disp(d2,"Therefore, D2(in percentage) = |B2|/|B1| * 100 =") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.7/Exmp6_7.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.7/Exmp6_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fa8d27218 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.7/Exmp6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 6.7 +clc +disp("The maximum power dissipation occurs when the value of V_m is") +disp("V_m = 2/pi * V_CC") +disp("Now P_ac = V_m*I_m / 2") +disp("So at the time of maximum power dissipation, it is") +disp("P_ac = 2/pi * V_CC*I_m/2 = V_CC*I_m / pi") +disp("Now P_DC = 2/pi * V_CC * I_m") +disp("Hence, %eta = P_ac/P_DC * 100 = (V_CC*I_m/pi)/(2*V_CC*I_m/pi)*100 = 50%") +disp("Thus efficiency is just 50% when the power dissipation is maximum. While the maximum effiency of the class B operation is 78.5%") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.8/Exmp6_8.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.8/Exmp6_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..76c807628 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.8/Exmp6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Example 6.8 +clc +disp("R_L = 12 ohm, n = N2/N1 = 1/3 = 0.333, eta_trans = 78.5%") +rl=12/(0.333^2) +format(4) +disp(rl,"Therefore, R''_L = R_L / n^2 =") +pac=(0.5*20^2)/108 +format(7) +disp("(i) For P_max, V_m = V_CC") +disp(pac,"Threfore, (P_ac)_max(in W) = 1/2 * V_CC^2/R''_L =") +disp("But eta_trans = 78.5%") +pl=0.785*1.8518 +disp(pl,"Therefore, P_L(in W) = eta_trans * (P_ac)_max =") +vm=(2*20)/%pi +format(8) +disp(vm,"(ii) Condition for (P_d)_max is V_m(in V) = 2*V_CC/pi =") +pd=(2*20^2)/(108*%pi^2) +format(7) +disp(pd,"Therefore, (P_d)_max(in W) = 2*V_CC^2 / pi^2*R''_L =") +pdm=0.7505/2 +disp(pdm,"Therefore, (P_d)_max(in W) per transistor =") +disp("(iii) (P_ac)_max = V_rms * I_rms = V_m/sqrt(2) * I_m/sqrt(2) = V_m*I_m / 2 and V_m = V_CC") +disp("Therefore, 1.8518 = 20*I_m / 2") +im=(2*1.8518)/20 +disp(im,"Therefore, I_m(in A) = (I_c)_max =") +ibm=(0.1851/25)*10^3 +disp(ibm,"and (i_b)_max(in mA) = (i_c))max / h_fe =") diff --git a/1691/CH6/EX6.9/e6_9.sce b/1691/CH6/EX6.9/e6_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5e81cdcb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1691/CH6/EX6.9/e6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//example6.9 +clc +disp("R_L=16 ohm, V_CC=25 V") +disp("Now 2N1=200, N2=50") +n=200/2 +disp(n,"Therefore N1=") +n=50/100 +disp(n,"Therefore n=N2/N1=") +r=16/(0.5^2) +disp(r,"Therefore R''_L =(R_L)/(n^2)=") +disp("For maximum power output, V_m=V_CC") +p=(25^2)/(2*64) +disp(p,"i) (P_ac)_max [in W]=(V_CC^2)/(2*R_L)=") +disp("ii) (P_dc)=(2*V_CC*I_m)/pi") +disp("Now (V_m)/(I_m)=(R''_L)") +disp("and V_m=V_CC") +i=25/64 +disp(i,"Therefore (I_m)=(V_CC)/(R''_L)=") +p=(2*25*0.3906)/(%pi) +disp(p,"Therefore (P_DC)[in W]=") +n=(4.8848*100)/6.2169 +disp(n,"iii) %eta=(P_ac*100)/(P_DC)=") +p=(2*4.8828)/(%pi^2) +disp(p,"iv) (P_d)_max[in W]=(2*(P_ac)_max)/(pi^2)=") -- cgit