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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Chapter 12:Measurement of Non-Electrical Quantities"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example 12.1,Page No:600"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"Gf = 2; #guage factor \n",
"a = 100*10**6; #stress in N/m**2\n",
"E = 200*10**9; #elasticity of steel in N/m**2\n",
"\n",
"#calculation\n",
"st = (a/float(E)); #strain\n",
"x = Gf*st; # change in guage resistance\n",
"p = (x)*100; #percentage change in resistance in %\n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
"print\"percentage change in resistance %1.1f\"%p,\"%\";\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example 12.4,Page No:631"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"water flow rate 0.0586 m**3/s\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"D1 = 200*10**-3; # inlet horizontal venturimeter in m\n",
"D2 = 100*10**-3; #throat horizontal enturimeter in m\n",
"h = 220*10**-3; #pressure in m\n",
"Cd = 0.98; #coefficient of discharge \n",
"phg = 13.6; #specific gravity of mercury\n",
"p = 1000; #density of water in kg/m**3\n",
"g = 9.81; #gravitational constant\n",
"pw = 1; #density of water in kg/m**3\n",
"w = 9.81; \n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"#calculation\n",
"x = (g)*(h)*(phg-pw)*1000; #differential pressure head in N/m**2\n",
"a = 1-((D2/float(D1))**4); #velocity approach factor\n",
"M = 1/(float(math.sqrt(a))); #velocity of approach\n",
"b = math.sqrt(((2*g)/(float(w*p)))*x);\n",
"A2 = (math.pi/float(4))*((D2)**2); #area in m**2\n",
"Q = Cd*M*A2*(b); #discharge through venturimeter in m**3/s\n",
" \n",
"#result\n",
"print'water flow rate %3.4f'%Q,'m**3/s'; \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example 12.5,Page No:631"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"rate of flow of oil 0.137850 m**3/s\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"D1 = 400*10**-3; #diameter at inlet in m\n",
"D2 = 200*10**-3; #diameter at throat in m\n",
"y = 50*10**-3; #reading of differential manometer in m\n",
"Shl = 13.6; #specific gravity of mercury in U-tube \n",
"Sp = 0.7; #specific gravity of oil in U-tube \n",
"h = 0.92;\n",
"\n",
"#bernoulli's equation\n",
"#p1/w +z1+V1**2=p2/w +z2+V2**2\n",
"#solving we get h+(V1**2/2*g)-(V2**2/2*g)=0\n",
"# calculations\n",
"\n",
"A1 = (math.pi/float(4))*(D1**2); #area in m**2\n",
"A2 = (math.pi/4)*(D2**2); #area in m**2\n",
"a = A2/float(A1); #ratio of areas\n",
"#V1 = a*V2;\n",
"#h+(V1**2/2*g)*(1-(1/4))=0\n",
"V2 = math.sqrt((2*g*h)/(float(1-((a)**2)))); \n",
"Q = A2*V2; #rate of oil flow in m**3/s\n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
"print'rate of flow of oil %f'%Q,'m**3/s';\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example 12.6,Page No:633"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"difference in pressure head 4952.073 N/m**2\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"Q = 0.015; #rate of flow in m**3/s\n",
"D0 = 100*10**-3; #diameter orifice in m\n",
"D1 = 200*10**-3; #diameter of pipe in m\n",
"Cc = 0.6; #coefficient of contraction\n",
"Cd = 0.6; #coefficient of discharge\n",
"E = 1; #thermal expansion factor\n",
"g = 9.81; #gravitational constant \n",
"w = 9810;\n",
"\n",
"#calculations\n",
"A0 = ((math.pi)/float(4))*(D0**2); #area in m**2\n",
"A1 = ((math.pi)/float(4))*(D1**2); #area in m**2\n",
"a = (Cc*A0)/(float(A1)); \n",
"M = math.sqrt(1-((a)**2));\n",
"K = Cd/float(M);\n",
"x = ((Q/float(K*E*A0))**2);\n",
"dp = (x*w/float(2*g)); #difference in pressure head in N/m**2\n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
"print'difference in pressure head %3.3f'%dp,'N/m**2';\n",
"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example:12.7,Page No:633"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"discharge through the orifice 0.742 m**3/s\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"C0 = 0.6; #coefficient of orifice\n",
"Cv = 0.97; #coefficient of discharge\n",
"Qv = 1.2; #flow rate in m**3/s\n",
"\n",
"#calculations\n",
"Q0 = (C0/Cv)*Qv; #discharge through the orifice in m**3/s\n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
"print'discharge through the orifice %3.3f'%Q0,'m**3/s'\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example:12.8,Page No:634"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"velocity of submarine 25.0 km/h\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"Shl = 13.6; #specific gravity of mercury\n",
"Sl = 1.025; #specific gravity of sea water\n",
"y = 200*10**-3; #reading in m\n",
"g = 9.81; #constant\n",
"\n",
"#calculation\n",
"x = Shl/float(Sl);\n",
"h = (y*((x)-1)); #head\n",
"V = math.sqrt(2*g*h); #velocity of submarine in km/h\n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
"print'velocity of submarine %3.1f'%(V*(18/float(5))),'km/h';"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 2",
"language": "python",
"name": "python2"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
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"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
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|
