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diff --git a/Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter9_1.ipynb b/Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter9_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..2a72be5d --- /dev/null +++ b/Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter9_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,276 @@ +{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "#9: Semiconducting Materials"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 9.1, Page number 9.23"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 39,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "number of electron hole pairs is 2.32 *10**16 per cubic metre\n",
+ "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "ni1=2.5*10**19; #number of electron hole pairs\n",
+ "T1=300; #temperature(K)\n",
+ "Eg1=0.72*1.6*10**-19; #energy gap(J)\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n",
+ "T2=310; #temperature(K)\n",
+ "Eg2=1.12*1.6*10**-19; #energy gap(J)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "x1=-Eg1/(2*k*T1);\n",
+ "y1=(T1**(3/2))*math.exp(x1);\n",
+ "x2=-Eg2/(2*k*T2);\n",
+ "y2=(T2**(3/2))*math.exp(x2);\n",
+ "ni=ni1*(y2/y1); #number of electron hole pairs\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"number of electron hole pairs is\",round(ni/10**16,2),\"*10**16 per cubic metre\"\n",
+ "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 9.2, Page number 9.24"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 41,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "intrinsic conductivity is 1.434 *10**4 ohm-1 m-1\n",
+ "intrinsic resistivity is 0.697 *10**-4 ohm m\n",
+ "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n",
+ "number of germanium atoms per m**3 is 4.5 *10**28\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "w=72.6; #atomic weight\n",
+ "d=5400; #density(kg/m**3)\n",
+ "Na=6.025*10**26; #avagadro number\n",
+ "mew_e=0.4; #mobility of electron(m**2/Vs)\n",
+ "mew_h=0.2; #mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+ "m=9.108*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n",
+ "ni=2.1*10**19; #number of electron hole pairs\n",
+ "Eg=0.7; #band gap(eV)\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n",
+ "h=6.625*10**-34; #plancks constant\n",
+ "T=300; #temperature(K)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "sigmab=ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h); #intrinsic conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n",
+ "rhob=1/sigmab; #resistivity(ohm m)\n",
+ "n=Na*d/w; #number of germanium atoms per m**3\n",
+ "p=n/10**5; #boron density\n",
+ "sigma=p*e*mew_h;\n",
+ "rho=1/sigma;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"intrinsic conductivity is\",round(sigma/10**4,3),\"*10**4 ohm-1 m-1\"\n",
+ "print \"intrinsic resistivity is\",round(rho*10**4,3),\"*10**-4 ohm m\"\n",
+ "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\"\n",
+ "print \"number of germanium atoms per m**3 is\",round(n/10**28,1),\"*10**28\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 9.3, Page number 9.25"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 44,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "charge carrier density is 2 *10**22 per m**3\n",
+ "electron mobility is 0.035 m**2/Vs\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+ "RH=3.66*10**-4; #hall coefficient(m**3/coulomb)\n",
+ "sigma=112; #conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "ne=3*math.pi/(8*RH*e); #charge carrier density(per m**3)\n",
+ "mew_e=sigma/(e*ne); #electron mobility(m**2/Vs)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"charge carrier density is\",int(ne/10**22),\"*10**22 per m**3\"\n",
+ "print \"electron mobility is\",round(mew_e,3),\"m**2/Vs\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 9.4, Page number 9.25"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 45,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "intrinsic conductivity is 0.432 *10**-3 ohm-1 m-1 10.4\n",
+ "conductivity during donor impurity is 10.4 ohm-1 m-1\n",
+ "conductivity during acceptor impurity is 4 ohm-1 m-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "mew_e=0.13; #mobility of electron(m**2/Vs)\n",
+ "mew_h=0.05; #mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+ "ni=1.5*10**16; #number of electron hole pairs\n",
+ "N=5*10**28;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "sigma1=ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h); #intrinsic conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n",
+ "ND=N/10**8;\n",
+ "n=ni**2/ND;\n",
+ "sigma2=ND*e*mew_e; #conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n",
+ "sigma3=ND*e*mew_h; #conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"intrinsic conductivity is\",round(sigma1*10**3,3),\"*10**-3 ohm-1 m-1\",sigma2\n",
+ "print \"conductivity during donor impurity is\",sigma2,\"ohm-1 m-1\"\n",
+ "print \"conductivity during acceptor impurity is\",int(sigma3),\"ohm-1 m-1\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 9.5, Page number 9.26"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 50,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "conductivity is 4.97 mho m-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+ "Eg=0.72; #band gap(eV)\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n",
+ "T1=293; #temperature(K)\n",
+ "T2=313; #temperature(K)\n",
+ "sigma1=2; #conductivity(mho m-1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "x=(Eg*e/(2*k))*((1/T1)-(1/T2));\n",
+ "y=round(x/2.303,3);\n",
+ "z=round(math.log10(sigma1),3);\n",
+ "log_sigma2=y+z;\n",
+ "sigma2=10**log_sigma2; #conductivity(mho m-1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"conductivity is\",round(sigma2,2),\"mho m-1\""
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 2",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python2"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 2
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+ "version": "2.7.9"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
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