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Diffstat (limited to 'Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand')
| -rwxr-xr-x | Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter1.ipynb | 198 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter10.ipynb | 786 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter11.ipynb | 459 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter2.ipynb | 626 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter3.ipynb | 501 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter4.ipynb | 602 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter5.ipynb | 630 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter7.ipynb | 814 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter8.ipynb | 364 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter9.ipynb | 58 |
10 files changed, 5038 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter1.ipynb b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..edab587f --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 1, Basic Concepts" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 1.1 - page 13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "#Given data : \n", + "R=4 #in ohm\n", + "XL=3 #in ohm\n", + "VL=400 #in volt\n", + "Vph=VL/sqrt(3) #in volt\n", + "Zph=sqrt(R**2+XL**2) #in ohm\n", + "Iph=Vph/Zph #in Ampere\n", + "#In star connected IL=Iph\n", + "IL=Iph #in Ampere\n", + "print \"Line Current = %0.1f A\" %IL\n", + "cosfi=R/Zph #unitless\n", + "PowerConsumed=sqrt(3)*VL*IL*cosfi #in watts\n", + "print \"Total power consumed by the load = %.f Watts\" %PowerConsumed " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Line Current = 46.2 A\n", + "Total power consumed by the load = 25600 Watts\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 1.2 - page 14" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "#Given data : \n", + "VL=440 #in volt\n", + "IL=10 #in Ampere\n", + "#In star connected :\n", + "print \"In star connected :\" \n", + "Iph=IL #in Ampere\n", + "Vph=VL/sqrt(3) #in volt\n", + "Rph=Vph/Iph #in ohm\n", + "print \"Value of each resistor = %.1f ohm\" %Rph\n", + "#In delta connected :\n", + "print \"In delta connected :\"\n", + "Iph=IL/sqrt(3) #in Ampere\n", + "Vph=Iph*Rph #in volt\n", + "print \"Voltage in delta connection = %.2f volt\" %Vph" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "In star connected :\n", + "Value of each resistor = 25.4 ohm\n", + "In delta connected :\n", + "Voltage in delta connection = 146.67 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 1.3 - page 15" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import sqrt, pi\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "R=16 #in ohm\n", + "L=38.2 #in mH\n", + "L=38.2*10**-3 #in H\n", + "VL=400 #in volt\n", + "f=50 #in Hz\n", + "XL=2*pi*f*L #in ohm\n", + "Zph=sqrt(R**2+XL**2) #in ohm\n", + "#In star connected :\n", + "Vph=VL/sqrt(3) #in volt\n", + "Iph=Vph/Zph #in Ampere\n", + "IL=Iph #in Ampere\n", + "print \"Line Current = %0.2f A\" %IL\n", + "cosfi=R/Zph #unitless\n", + "print \"Power factor = %.1f\" %cosfi\n", + "P=sqrt(3)*VL*IL*cosfi #in watts\n", + "P/=10**3 # kW\n", + "print \"Total power consumed by the load = %0.3f kW\" %P" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Line Current = 11.55 A\n", + "Power factor = 0.8\n", + "Total power consumed by the load = 6.400 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 1.4 - page 15" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "R=15 #in ohm\n", + "X=40 #in ohm\n", + "VL=440 #in volt\n", + "#In delta connection : \n", + "Vph=VL #in volt\n", + "Zph=sqrt(R**2+X**2) #in ohm\n", + "Iph=Vph/Zph #in Ampere\n", + "print \"Phase Current = %0.1f A\" %Iph\n", + "IL=Iph*sqrt(3) #in Ampere\n", + "print \"Line Current = %0.2f A\" %IL" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Phase Current = 10.3 A\n", + "Line Current = 17.84 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} diff --git a/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter10.ipynb b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter10.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..a6dd1247 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,786 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter10 - Power factor improvement" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.1 - page 268" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Load=500 #in KW\n", + "cosfi_1=0.75 #powerfactor\n", + "x=40 #in Rs/year/KVA\n", + "x1=60 #cost of PF improvement equipment in Rs./KVAR\n", + "i=12 #in % per annum\n", + "y=x1*i/100 #in Rs.\n", + "cosfi_2=0.98 #unitless\n", + "KVA1=Load/cosfi_1 #in KVA(at 0.75 pf)\n", + "KVA2=Load/cosfi_2 #in KVA(at 0.98 pf)\n", + "AnnualSaving=x*(KVA1-KVA2) #in Rs.\n", + "fi_1=np.arccos(cosfi_1)*180/np.pi #in degree\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(fi_1*np.pi/180) #unitless\n", + "Pr1=Load*tanfi_1 #in KVAR\n", + "fi_2=np.arccos(cosfi_2)*180/np.pi #in degree\n", + "tanfi_2=np.tan(fi_2*np.pi/180) #unitless\n", + "Pr2=Load*tanfi_2 #in KVAR\n", + "Rating=Pr1-Pr2 #in KVAR\n", + "AnnualExpenditure=y*Rating #in Rs.\n", + "NetSaving=AnnualSaving-AnnualExpenditure #in Rs./year\n", + "print \"Net saving per year = %0.2f Rs.\" %NetSaving\n", + "# Answer in the textbook is not accurate." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Net saving per year = 3882.50 Rs.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.2 - page 270" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Eta=85 #in %\n", + "P=30 #in HP\n", + "P1=P*0.7355*Eta/100 #in KW\n", + "cosfi_1=0.8 #powerfactor\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) #unitless\n", + "Pr=P1*tanfi_1 #in KVAR\n", + "#Let active power P2 : Total Active power = P1+P2\n", + "cosfi=0.9 #overall powerfactor\n", + "tanfi=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi)) #unitless\n", + "#Pr1=tanfi*(P1+P2) #in KVAR\n", + "#Putting Pr=Pr1\n", + "P2=(Pr-P1*tanfi)/tanfi #in KW\n", + "print \"Rating of the heater = %0.2f KW\" %P2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Rating of the heater = 10.29 KW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.3 - page 270" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Im=50 #in Ampere\n", + "f=50 #in Hz\n", + "V=400 #in volts\n", + "cosfi_1=0.6 #powerfactor\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) #unitless\n", + "Ia=Im*cosfi_1 #in Ampere\n", + "Ir1=Ia*tanfi_1 #in Ampere\n", + "#Let the capaitor of C farads be connected to improve pf i.e., 0.9(lag) \n", + "cosfi_2=0.9 #powerfactor\n", + "tanfi_2=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_2)) #unitless\n", + "Ir2=Ia*tanfi_2 #in Ampere\n", + "Ic=Ir1-Ir2 #in Ampere\n", + "C=Ic/(2*np.pi*f*V) #in farads\n", + "print \"Capacity of condenser = %0.1f uF\" %(C*10**6)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Capacity of condenser = 202.7 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.4 - page 271" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Im=10 #in Ampere\n", + "f=50 #in Hz\n", + "V=240 #in volts\n", + "cosfi_1=0.707 #powerfactor\n", + "sinfi_1=np.sin(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) #unitless\n", + "Ir1=Im*sinfi_1 #in Ampere\n", + "cosfi_2=1 #powerfactor\n", + "Ir2=0 #in A(as cosfi_2=1)\n", + "Ic=Ir1-Ir2 #in Ampere\n", + "C=Ic/(2*np.pi*f*V) #in farads\n", + "print \"Capacity of condenser = %0.2f uF\" %(C*10**6)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Capacity of condenser = 93.80 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.5 - page 272" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Im=30 #in Ampere\n", + "f=50 #in Hz\n", + "V=200 #in volts\n", + "cosfi_1=0.8 #powerfactor\n", + "Ia=Im*cosfi_1 #in Ampere\n", + "cosfi_2=1 #powerfactor\n", + "Ir2=0 #in A(as cosfi_2=1)\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) #unitless\n", + "Ir1=Ia*tanfi_1 #in Ampere\n", + "Ic=Ir1-Ir2 #in Ampere\n", + "C=Ic/(2*np.pi*f*V) #in farads\n", + "print \"Capacity of condenser = %0.1f uF\" %(C*10**6)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Capacity of condenser = 286.5 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.6 - page 272" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Im=30 #in Ampere\n", + "f=50 #in Hz\n", + "V=200 #in volts\n", + "cosfi_1=0.7 #powerfactor\n", + "Ia=Im*cosfi_1 #in Ampere\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) #unitless\n", + "Ir1=Ia*tanfi_1 #in Ampere\n", + "cosfi_2=0.85 #powerfactor\n", + "tanfi_2=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_2)) #unitless\n", + "Ir2=Ia*tanfi_2 #in Ampere\n", + "Ic=Ir1-Ir2 #in Ampere\n", + "C=Ic/(2*np.pi*f*V) #in farads\n", + "print \"Capacity of condenser = %0.2f uF\" %(C*10**6)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Capacity of condenser = 133.84 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.7 - page 273" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "#(i)\n", + "IMO=200 #in HP(Induction Motor output)\n", + "IMO=IMO*0.7355 #in KW(Induction Motor output)\n", + "LagEff=90 #in %\n", + "LagEff=90/100 #in fraction\n", + "MotorIn=IMO/(LagEff) #in KW\n", + "cosfi_1=0.75 #powerfactor\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) #unitless\n", + "Pr1=MotorIn*tanfi_1 #in KVAR\n", + "#(ii)\n", + "P2=300 #in KW\n", + "cosfi_2=0.5 #unitless\n", + "tanfi_2=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_2)) #unitless\n", + "Pr2=P2*tanfi_2 #in KVAR\n", + "#(iii)\n", + "P3=200 #in KW\n", + "cosfi_3=1 #unitless\n", + "tanfi_3=0 #unitless\n", + "Pr3=0 #in KVAR\n", + "#(iv)\n", + "PsynMotor=500 #in KW\n", + "Eff=93 #in %\n", + "Eff=93/100 #in fration\n", + "Input=PsynMotor/Eff #in KW\n", + "Pa=MotorIn+P2+P3+PsynMotor #in KW\n", + "P1=Pr1+Pr2+Pr3 #in KVAR\n", + "cosfi=1 #unitless\n", + "tanfi=0 #unitless\n", + "Pr=Pa*tanfi #in KVAR\n", + "Prm=Pr-P1 #in KVAR\n", + "tanfi_m=Prm/Input\n", + "cosfi_m=np.cos(np.arctan(tanfi_m)) #unitless\n", + "print \"P.F. of the motor = %0.4f lead\" %cosfi_m\n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "P.F. of the motor = 0.6294 lead\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.8 - page 274" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "f=50 #in Hz\n", + "V=400 #in volts\n", + "MotorOut=20 #in HP(Motor output)\n", + "MotorOut=MotorOut*735.5 #in Watts(Induction Motor output)\n", + "CorrectPF=0.85 #in fraction\n", + "MotorIn=MotorOut/(CorrectPF*1000) #in KW\n", + "cosfi_1=0.7071 #powerfactor\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) #unitless\n", + "Pr1=MotorIn*tanfi_1 #in KVAR\n", + "cosfi_2=0.85 #unitless\n", + "tanfi_2=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_2)) #unitless\n", + "Pr2=Pr1*tanfi_2 #in KVAR\n", + "Prc=Pr1-Pr2 #in KVAR\n", + "Prc_ph=Prc/3 #in KVAR\n", + "C=Prc_ph*10**3/(2*np.pi*f*V**2)\n", + "print \"Rating of each capacitor per phase = %0.2f uF\" %(C*10**6)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Rating of each capacitor per phase = 43.64 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.9 - page 275" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Pa=500 #in KW\n", + "cosfi_1=0.7071 #powerfactor\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) #unitless\n", + "Pr1=Pa*tanfi_1 #in KVAR\n", + "Pm=100 #in KW\n", + "P=Pa+Pm #in KW\n", + "cosfi_2=0.95 #unitless\n", + "tanfi_2=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_2)) #unitless\n", + "Pr=P*tanfi_2 #in KVAR\n", + "Prm=Pr-Pr1 #in KVAR\n", + "Pam=np.sqrt(Pm**2+Prm**2)\n", + "PFsynMotor=Pm/Pam #leading PF\n", + "print \"P.F. of synchronous motor = %0.4f lead\" %(PFsynMotor)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "P.F. of synchronous motor = 0.3136 lead\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 28 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.10 - page 275" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "P=1500 #in KW\n", + "cosfi_1=0.75 #powerfactor\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) #unitless\n", + "Pr1=P*tanfi_1 #in KVAR\n", + "Pm=150 #in KW\n", + "P=P+Pm #in KW\n", + "cosfi_2=0.9 #unitless\n", + "tanfi_2=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_2)) #unitless\n", + "Pr=P*tanfi_2 #in KVAR\n", + "Prm=Pr-Pr1 #in KVAR\n", + "Pam=np.sqrt(Pm**2+Prm**2)\n", + "cosfi=Pm/Pam #leading PF\n", + "print \"P.F. of synchronous motor = %0.4f lead\" %cosfi" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "P.F. of synchronous motor = 0.2753 lead\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.11 - page 276" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Load=100 #in KW\n", + "LoadPF=0.75 #powerfactor\n", + "x=100 #in Rs/KVA\n", + "y=600*(10/100) #in Rs.\n", + "cosfi_2=np.sqrt(1-(y/x)**2)\n", + "print \"P.F. = %0.1f lag\" %(cosfi_2)\n", + "MaxDemand1=Load/LoadPF #in KW(at 0.75 load power factor)\n", + "MaxDemand2=Load/cosfi_2 #in KW(at cosfi_2 power factor)\n", + "AnnSaving=(MaxDemand1-MaxDemand2)*x #in Rs.\n", + "cosfi_1=0.75 #powerfactor\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) #unitless\n", + "tanfi_2=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_2)) #unitless\n", + "KVAR1=Load*tanfi_1 #in KVAR\n", + "KVAR2=Load*cosfi_2 #in KVAR\n", + "Rating=KVAR1-KVAR2 #in KVAR\n", + "AnnualExpenditure=y*Rating #in Rs.\n", + "AnnualSaving=AnnSaving-AnnualExpenditure #in Rs.\n", + "print \"Annual Savings = %0.1f Rs.\" %AnnualSaving" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "P.F. = 0.8 lag\n", + "Annual Savings = 341.8 Rs.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.12 - page 277" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "#(i)\n", + "PHeater=50 #in KW\n", + "cosfi_1=1 #unitless\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) #unitless\n", + "Pr1=PHeater*tanfi_1 #in KVAR\n", + "#(ii)\n", + "cosfi_2=0.7 #unitless\n", + "P2=200*735.5/(1000*0.8) #in KW\n", + "tanfi_2=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_2)) #unitless\n", + "Pr2=P2*tanfi_2 #in KVAR\n", + "#(iii)\n", + "cosfi=0.9 #unitless New PF\n", + "P3=200*735.5/(1000*cosfi) #in KW\n", + "TotalActivePower=PHeater+P2+P3 #in KW\n", + "TotalReactivePower=Pr1+Pr2 #in KW\n", + "tanfi=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi)) #unitless\n", + "TotalPr=TotalActivePower*tanfi #in KVAR\n", + "Pnn=TotalPr-TotalReactivePower #in KVAR(ReactivePower of motor)\n", + "tanfi_mu=Pnn/P3 #unitless\n", + "cosfi_mu=np.cos(np.arctan(tanfi_mu)) \n", + "print \"PF of the synchronous motor = %0.2f\" %cosfi_mu \n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong due to accuracy. My ans is 0.9996 if calculate upto 4 decimal place." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "PF of the synchronous motor = 1.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.13 - page 277" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "x=60 #in Rs./KVA\n", + "x1=100 #in Rs/KVAR(cost of phase advancing equipment)\n", + "InterestCepriciation=x1*10/100 #in Rs.\n", + "y=10 #in Rs./KVAR\n", + "cosfi_2=np.sqrt(1-(y/x)**2) #unitless\n", + "print \"Most Ecomnomical PF = %0.3f lag\" %cosfi_2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Most Ecomnomical PF = 0.986 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.14 - page 278" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "f=50 #in Hz\n", + "V=240 #in Volts\n", + "#(i)\n", + "Imoter=20 #in Ampere\n", + "cosfi_1=0.75 #unitless\n", + "ReacComponent1=Imoter*np.sqrt(1-cosfi_1**2) #in Ampere\n", + "#(ii)\n", + "cosfi_2=0.9 #unitless\n", + "P2=200*735.5/(1000*0.8) #in KW\n", + "ReacComponent2=Imoter*np.sqrt(1-cosfi_2**2) #in Ampere\n", + "Ic=ReacComponent1-ReacComponent2 #in Ampere(Leading reactive component)\n", + "C=Ic/(2*np.pi*f*V) #in Farads\n", + "print \"Capacitance of the capacitor = %0.2f uF\" %(round(C*10**6))\n", + "#Power of the motor=5 KW\n", + "P=5 #in KW\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) \n", + "tanfi_2=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_2)) \n", + "LeadingKVAR=P*(tanfi_1-tanfi_2) #in KVAR\n", + "print \"Leading KVAR supplied by the capactor = %0.2f KVAR\" %(round(LeadingKVAR))\n", + "print \"KVAR supplied per phase = %0.2f KVAR\" %(LeadingKVAR/3) \n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Capacitance of the capacitor = 60.00 uF\n", + "Leading KVAR supplied by the capactor = 2.00 KVAR\n", + "KVAR supplied per phase = 0.66 KVAR\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.15 - page 279" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "f=50 #in Hz\n", + "V=240 #in Volts\n", + "TotalLoad=200+80 #in KW\n", + "cosfi_1=0.8 #unitless\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) \n", + "cosfi_2=0.9 #unitless\n", + "tanfi_2=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_2)) \n", + "#(i)\n", + "OA=200 #in KW\n", + "OD=280 #in KW\n", + "CM=OA*tanfi_1-OD*tanfi_2 #in KVAR\n", + "print \"(i) Leading KVAR supplied by the motor = %0.1f KVAR\" %CM\n", + "#(ii)\n", + "BM=80 #in KW\n", + "CM=15.6 #in KW\n", + "KVA_Rating=np.sqrt(BM**2+CM**2) #in KVA\n", + "print \"(ii) KVA rating = %0.1f KVA\" %(KVA_Rating)\n", + "#(iii)\n", + "BC=KVA_Rating #in KW\n", + "cosfi_m=BM/BC #unitless\n", + "print \"(iii) P.F. Of the motor = %0.2f \"%cosfi_m \n", + "#Note : Answer of (i) part is wrong in the book is wrong" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(i) Leading KVAR supplied by the motor = 14.4 KVAR\n", + "(ii) KVA rating = 81.5 KVA\n", + "(iii) P.F. Of the motor = 0.98 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 42 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.16 - page 280" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "x=80 #in Rs./KVA\n", + "x1=100 #in Rs/KVAR(cost of phase advancing equipment)\n", + "i=12 #in %\n", + "y=(i/100)*150 #in Rs./KVAR\n", + "cosfi_2=np.sqrt(1-(y/x)**2) #unitless\n", + "print \"Most Ecomnomical PF = %0.2f lag\" %cosfi_2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Most Ecomnomical PF = 0.97 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 43 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 10.17 - page 280" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "P=300 #in KW\n", + "cosfi_1=0.7 #unitless\n", + "tanfi_1=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_1)) \n", + "y=13 #in Rs./KVAR\n", + "x=130 #in Rs./KVA\n", + "cosfi_2=np.sqrt(1-(y/x)**2) #unitless\n", + "print \"(i) Most Ecomnomical PF = %0.3f\"%cosfi_2\n", + "tanfi_2=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi_2)) \n", + "#(ii)\n", + "LeadingKVAR=P*(tanfi_1-tanfi_2) #in KVAR\n", + "AnnSavingMD=x*(P/cosfi_1-P/cosfi_2) #in Rs.\n", + "AnnExpenditure=y*LeadingKVAR #in Rs.\n", + "NetSaving=AnnSavingMD-AnnExpenditure #in Rs.\n", + "print \"(ii) Net Saving = %0.2f Rs.\" %NetSaving\n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is not accurate." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(i) Most Ecomnomical PF = 0.995\n", + "(ii) Net Saving = 12930.98 Rs.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} diff --git a/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter11.ipynb b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter11.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..71d12924 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter11.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,459 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter11 - Various types of tariffs" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 11.1 - page 290" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "E=438000 #in kWh(Energy consumed per year)\n", + "pf=0.8 #unitless\n", + "cosfi=pf #unitless\n", + "LoadFactor=40 #in %\n", + "#tarrif=Rs. 75/year/kw of max demand plus 3 paise per unit per reactive KVA\n", + "h=8760 #no. of years in a year\n", + "AvgLoad=E/h #kw\n", + "MaxLoad=AvgLoad/(LoadFactor/100) #in kw\n", + "MaxLoad_KVA=MaxLoad/pf #in KVA\n", + "tanfi=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi)) #unitless\n", + "ReactiveKVAR=h*tanfi*AvgLoad #in KVA\n", + "AnnualBill=75*MaxLoad+(3/100)*E+(1.5/100)*ReactiveKVAR #in Rs.\n", + "CostPerUnit=AnnualBill/E #in Rs.\n", + "CostPerUnit=CostPerUnit*100 #in Paisa\n", + "print \"Cost per unit = %0.3f Paisa\" %CostPerUnit" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cost per unit = 6.265 Paisa\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 11.2 - page 291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "#tarrif=Rs. 275/year/KVA of max demand plus 35 paise per unit\n", + "C1=275 #in Rs.year/KVA\n", + "C2=35 #in paisa/unit\n", + "LoadFactor=30 #in %/year\n", + "LoadFactor=30/100 #in fraction\n", + "#Let MaxDemand = x KW\n", + "#Case (i) PF=1\n", + "cosfi=1 #unitless\n", + "AnnualBillBYx=C1/cosfi+(C2/100)*LoadFactor*24*365 #in Rs.(Here 24*365 is for No. of hours in a year)\n", + "AnnualBill=AnnualBillBYx*100/(LoadFactor*24*365) #in paisa/unit\n", + "print \"Cost per unit(at unity power factor) = %0.2f paisa\" %AnnualBill\n", + "#Case (i) PF=0.8\n", + "cosfi=0.8 #unitless\n", + "AnnualBillBYx=C1/cosfi+(C2/100)*LoadFactor*24*365 #in Rs.(Here 24*365 is for No. of hours in a year)\n", + "AnnualBill=AnnualBillBYx*100/(LoadFactor*24*365) #in paisa/unit\n", + "print \"Cost per unit(at 0.8 power factor) = %0.2f paisa\" %AnnualBill" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cost per unit(at unity power factor) = 45.46 paisa\n", + "Cost per unit(at 0.8 power factor) = 48.08 paisa\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 11.3 - page 292" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "FixedLoad=200 #in kW\n", + "PF=0.8 #unitless\n", + "cosfi=PF #unitless\n", + "h=10 #in hours/day\n", + "d=300 #in days\n", + "Time=h*d #in hours\n", + "Energy=FixedLoad*Time #in kwh/year\n", + "# (i) tarrif=Rs. 100/KVA/Annum plus 20 paise per kwh\n", + "C1=100 #in Rs.year/KVA\n", + "C2=20 #in paisa/kwh\n", + "KVA=FixedLoad/cosfi #in KVA\n", + "AnnualBill=KVA*C1+(C2/100)*Energy #in Rs.\n", + "print \" Case (i) Annual Payment = %0.f Rs.\" %AnnualBill\n", + "# (ii) tarrif=Rs. 100/KW/Annum plus 20 paise per kwh plus 2 paise/KVARH\n", + "C1=100 #in Rs./year/KW\n", + "C2=20 #in paisa/kwh\n", + "C3=2 #in paisa/KVARH\n", + "tanfi=np.tan(np.arccos(cosfi)) #unitless\n", + "ReactiveKVARH=FixedLoad*tanfi*Time #in KVARH\n", + "AnnualBill=C1*FixedLoad+(C2/100)*Energy+(C3/100)*ReactiveKVARH #in Rs.\n", + "print \" Case (ii) Annual Payment = %0.f Rs.\" %AnnualBill" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Case (i) Annual Payment = 145000 Rs.\n", + " Case (ii) Annual Payment = 149000 Rs.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 11.4 - page 293" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Energy=180000 #in kwh\n", + "LoadFactor=45 #in %/year\n", + "LoadFactor=45/100 #in fraction\n", + "#Charges=Rs. 50/KW/Annum plus 8 paise per unit\n", + "C1=50 #in Rs.year/KW\n", + "C2=8 #in paisa/unit\n", + "h=365*24 #no. of hours per year\n", + "AvgLoad=Energy/h #in KW\n", + "MaxLoad=AvgLoad/LoadFactor #in KW\n", + "FixCharges=MaxLoad*C1 #in Rs.\n", + "PlusCharges=(C2/100)*Energy #in rs.\n", + "TotalTarrif=FixCharges+PlusCharges #in Rs.\n", + "print \"Total Annual electricity charges = %0.2f Rs.\" %TotalTarrif" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Total Annual electricity charges = 16683.11 Rs.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 11.5 - page 293" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Energy=25*10**6 #in kwh\n", + "MaxDemand=1600 #in KW\n", + "#(i) Rs. 70/KW max demand plus 2 paise per kwh\n", + "C1=70 #in Rs.year/KW\n", + "C2=2 #in paisa/unit\n", + "AnnualCost=MaxDemand*C1+(C2/100)*Energy #in Rs.\n", + "print \"Case (i) Annual cost of energy = %0.f Rs.\" %AnnualCost\n", + "#(ii) Annual cost at a flat rate of 5p/kwh\n", + "C=5 #in paisa/kwh\n", + "AnnualCost=(C/100)*Energy #in Rs.\n", + "print \"Case (ii) Annual cost of energy = %0.f Rs.\" %AnnualCost" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Case (i) Annual cost of energy = 612000 Rs.\n", + "Case (ii) Annual cost of energy = 1250000 Rs.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 11.6 - page 293" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "MaxDemand=20 #in KW\n", + "#(i) Rs. 180/KW/annum max demand plus 15 paise per unit\n", + "#(ii) Flat rate tarrif 40 paise/unit\n", + "C1=180 #in Rs.year/KW\n", + "C2=15 #in paisa/unit\n", + "#AnnualBill1=C1*MaxDemand+(C2/100)*x x is the energy consumed\n", + "C=40 #in paisa/unit\n", + "#AnnualBill2=(C/100)*x x is the energy consumed\n", + "#Puting two bills equal gives :\n", + "x=C1*MaxDemand/((C/100)-(C2/100)) #in kwh\n", + "print \"No. of units to be consumed is %d or %d kwh\" %(x,x)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "No. of units to be consumed is 14400 or 14400 kwh\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 11.7 - page 294" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "MaxDemand=500 #in KW\n", + "LoadFactor=70 #in %/year\n", + "LoadFactor=70/100 #in fraction\n", + "cosfi=0.8 #unitless\n", + "#(i) Rs. 80/KVA of max demand\n", + "#(ii) Running chargeare 5 paise/kwh\n", + "C1=80 #in Rs./KVA\n", + "C2=5 #in paisa/kwh\n", + "AvgLoad=MaxDemand*LoadFactor #in KW\n", + "h=365*24 #no. of hours per year\n", + "Energy=AvgLoad*h #in kwh\n", + "MaxDemandKVA=MaxDemand/cosfi #in KVA\n", + "AnnualBill=MaxDemandKVA*C1+(C2/100)*Energy #in RS\n", + "print \"Annual bill of consumer = %0.f Rs.\" %AnnualBill" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Annual bill of consumer = 203300 Rs.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 11.8 - page 294" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "MD=100 #in KW\n", + "LF=60 #in %/year\n", + "LF=60/100 #in fraction\n", + "#Tarrif Rs. 100/KW of max demand and Rs. 1/kwh\n", + "C1=100 #in Rs./KW\n", + "C2=1 #in Rs./kwh\n", + "h=365*24*12 #no. of hours\n", + "UnitsConsumed=MD*LF*h #in kwh/year\n", + "AnnualCharges=C1*MD+C2*UnitsConsumed #in RS\n", + "print \"Overall Annual chrges = %0.f Rs.\" %AnnualCharges" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Overall Annual chrges = 6317200 Rs.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 11.9 - page 294" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "MD=250 #in KW\n", + "PF=0.8 #power factor\n", + "cosfi=PF #unitless\n", + "Energy=50000 #in units/annum\n", + "#Tarrif Rs. 50/KVA of max demand and 0.25paisa/unit\n", + "C1=50 #in Rs./KW\n", + "C2=0.25 #in Paise/kwh\n", + "MDKVA=MD/cosfi #in KVA\n", + "AnnualBill1=C1*MDKVA+C2*Energy #in RS\n", + "print \"Annuall bill of industry = %0.f Rs.\" %AnnualBill1\n", + "#Note : If consumer raised the PF to unity.\n", + "PF=1 #power factor\n", + "cosfi=PF #unitless\n", + "MDKVA=MD/cosfi #in KVA\n", + "AnnualBill2=C1*MDKVA+C2*Energy #in RS\n", + "print \"Saving by consumer in the bill = %0.f Rs.\"%(AnnualBill1-AnnualBill2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Annuall bill of industry = 28125 Rs.\n", + "Saving by consumer in the bill = 3125 Rs.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 11.10 - page 295" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "MD=10 #in KW\n", + "Energy=50000 #in kwh/year(Annual consumption)\n", + "#(i) Rs. 100/KW/year max demand plus Rs. 0.20 paise per unit\n", + "#(ii) Simple tarrif 0.30 Rs./unit\n", + "C1=100 #in Rs.year/KW\n", + "C2=0.20 #in Rs. /unit\n", + "#Case (i)\n", + "AnnualBill1=C1*MD+C2*Energy #in Rs.\n", + "print \"Case(i) Annual Bill of tarrif 1 = %0.f Rs.\" %AnnualBill1\n", + "C=0.30 #in Rs. /unit\n", + "AnnualBill2=C*Energy #in Rs.\n", + "print \"Case(ii) Annual Bill of tarrif 2 = %0.f Rs.\" %AnnualBill2\n", + "print \"He must choose the first tarrif.\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Case(i) Annual Bill of tarrif 1 = 11000 Rs.\n", + "Case(ii) Annual Bill of tarrif 2 = 15000 Rs.\n", + "He must choose the first tarrif.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} diff --git a/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter2.ipynb b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..4d0e3eeb --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,626 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "chapter 2, Layout of transmission systems" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 2.1 : page 32" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from sympy import symbols\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "a=symbols('a')\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "CableCost=20+400*a #in Rs./meter (a=cross section in cm**2)\n", + "Cable_cost=(20+400*a)*1000 #in Rs./km\n", + "l=1 #in Km\n", + "P=1 #in MW\n", + "V=11 #in KV\n", + "cosfi=0.8 #powerfactor\n", + "h=3000 #hours\n", + "i=10 #in %\n", + "E_cost=15 #in paisa/kwh\n", + "rho=1.75*10**-6 #sp. resistance in ohm-cm\n", + "C1=CableCost*1000 #in Rs./km\n", + "R=rho*l*10**3/(a*10**-2) #in ohm\n", + "Ifl=(P*10**6)/(V*10**3*cosfi) #in Ampere\n", + "Ploss=2*Ifl**2*R #in Watts\n", + "Annual_cost=Ploss*10**-3*h*E_cost/100 #in Rs.\n", + "AnnualCost2=400*10**3*a*i/100 #in Rs.\n", + "annually_energy_lost = 40000/a # Rs.\n", + "#comparing Annual_cost = AnnualCost2\n", + "a=Annual_cost/AnnualCost2*a**2\n", + "print \"Most economical cross section area, a = \",round(a,4), \"cm2 \"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Most economical cross section area, a = 0.0508 cm2 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 245 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 2.2 : page 33" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Pt=30*10**6 #in watt\n", + "V=220*10**3 #in volt\n", + "l=275*10**3 #in meter\n", + "R=0.173 #in ohm/km\n", + "Eta=90 #in %\n", + "density=8.9 #copper density\n", + "Loss=100-Eta #in %\n", + "cosfi=0.8 #powerfactor\n", + "print \"3-phase 3 wire :\"\n", + "IL=Pt/(sqrt(3)*V*cosfi) #in Ampere\n", + "LineLosses=(Loss/100)*Pt #in watts\n", + "rho=R*10**-4/(1*10**3) #in ohm-meter\n", + "a=3*IL**2*rho*l/(LineLosses) #in m**2\n", + "Volume=3*a*l #in m**3\n", + "Cu_weight=Volume*density #in Tones\n", + "print \"Weight of copper = %0.f Tones\" %Cu_weight\n", + "print \"Single phase 2 wire :\"\n", + "IL=Pt/(V*cosfi) #in Ampere\n", + "a=2*IL**2*rho*l/(LineLosses) #in m**2\n", + "Volume=2*a*l #in m**3\n", + "Cu_weight=Volume*density #in Tones\n", + "print \"Weight of copper = %0.1f Tones\" %Cu_weight\n", + "#Note : answer is not accurate in the book." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "3-phase 3 wire :\n", + "Weight of copper = 338 Tones\n", + "Single phase 2 wire :\n", + "Weight of copper = 451.1 Tones\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 246 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 2.3 : page 35" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from sympy import symbols\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "a=symbols('a')\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "l=1 #in Km\n", + "l=l*10**5 #in cm\n", + "I=200 #in Ampere\n", + "CableCost=50*a #in Rs./meter (a=cross section in cm**2)\n", + "E_cost=5 #in paisa/kwh\n", + "i=10 #in %\n", + "rho=1.72*10**-6 #resistivity in ohm-cm\n", + "R=rho*l/a #in ohm\n", + "Eloss=2*I**2*R*24*365/1000 #in kwh\n", + "AnnualCost2=(E_cost/100)*2*I**2*rho*l*24*365/1000/a #in Rs.\n", + "C1=CableCost*1000 #in Rs./km\n", + "AnnualCharges=C1*i/100 #in Rs.\n", + "a=sqrt(AnnualCost2/AnnualCharges*a**2) # cm2\n", + "print \"Most economical cross section area a = %0.3f cm2\" %a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Most economical cross section area a = 1.098 cm2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 247 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 2.4 : page 36" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from sympy import symbols\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "a=symbols('a')\n", + "#Given Data : \n", + "l=4*10**5 #in cm\n", + "VL=30 #in KV\n", + "LineCost=40000*a+7500 #in Rs/km\n", + "i=8 #in %\n", + "E_cost=4 #in paisa/kwh\n", + "rho=1.72*10**-6 #in ohm-cm\n", + "R=rho*l/a #in ohm\n", + "P1=3*10**6 #in watt\n", + "h1=10 #in hours\n", + "cosfi1=0.8#unitless\n", + "I1=P1/(sqrt(3)*VL*10**3*cosfi1) #in Ampere\n", + "P2=1.5*10**6 #in watt\n", + "h2=6 #in hours\n", + "cosfi2=0.9#unitless\n", + "I2=P2/(sqrt(3)*VL*10**3*cosfi2) #in Ampere\\\n", + "P3=0.5*10**6 #in watt\n", + "h3=8 #in hours\n", + "cosfi3=0.9 #unitless\n", + "I3=P3/(sqrt(3)*VL*10**3*cosfi3) #in Ampere\n", + "Etot=3*(I1**2*h1+I2**2*h2+I3**2*h3)*R*365/1000 #in kwh\n", + "Ccost_line=40000*a*4 #in Rs.\n", + "AnnualCharges=Ccost_line*i/100 #in Rs.\n", + "AnnualCost2=(E_cost/100)*Etot #in Rs.\n", + "a=sqrt(AnnualCost2/AnnualCharges*a**2) # cm2\n", + "print \"Most economical cross section area a = %0.2f cm2\" %a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Most economical cross section area a = 0.37 cm2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 248 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 2.5 : page 37" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from sympy import symbols\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "a, l=symbols('a l')\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "P=5*10**6 #in watt\n", + "VL=33*10**3 #in volt\n", + "cosfi=0.8#unitless\n", + "LineCost=31250*a+4000 #in Rs/km\n", + "rho=10**-6 #in ohm-cm\n", + "i=8 #in %\n", + "E_cost=4 #in paisa/kwh\n", + "IL=P/(sqrt(3)*VL*cosfi) #in Ampere\n", + "Line_length=l*10**5 #in cm\n", + "R=rho*l*10**5/a #in ohm\n", + "E_lost=3*IL**2*R*365/1000 #in kwh\n", + "Ccost_line=31250*a*l #in Rs.\n", + "AnnualCharges=Ccost_line*i/100 #in Rs.\n", + "a=sqrt(E_lost/AnnualCharges*a**2)\n", + "print \"Most economical cross section area a = %0.2f cm2\" %a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Most economical cross section area a = 0.72 cm2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 249 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 2.6 : page 38" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given Data :\n", + "P=50*10**6 #in watt\n", + "VL=220*10**3 #in volt\n", + "cosfi=0.8#unitless\n", + "Eta=90 #in %\n", + "l=200*10**3 #in meter\n", + "rho=1.75*10**-8 #in ohm-cm\n", + "W=P*(100-Eta)/100 #in Wats(Line losses)\n", + "#Part (i) : 3 phase 3 wire with Cu condutor\n", + "gravity=8.9 #specific gravity\n", + "IL=P/(sqrt(3)*VL*cosfi) #in Ampere\n", + "a=3*IL**2*rho*l/W #in m**2\n", + "Vol3=3*a*l #volume of 3 lines(in m**3)\n", + "CuWeight=Vol3*gravity #in Tones\n", + "print \"Weight of copper = %0.2f Tones\" %CuWeight \n", + "#Part (ii) : When Al conductor is used.\n", + "gravity=2.7 #specific gravity\n", + "rho=3*10**-8 #in ohm-meter\n", + "a=3*IL**2*rho*(l/W) #in m**2\n", + "Vol=3*a*l #volume of 3 lines(in m**3)\n", + "AlWeight=Vol*gravity #in Tones\n", + "print \"Weight of Alluminium = %0.3f Tones\" %AlWeight " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Weight of copper = 301.69 Tones\n", + "Weight of Alluminium = 156.896 Tones\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 250 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 2.7 : page 39" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from sympy import symbols\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "P2, V, cosfi, R = symbols('P2 V cosfi R')\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Vcon=V #in volt\n", + "pf=cosfi #unitless\n", + "Rcon=R #in ohm\n", + "P1=15*10**6 #in watt\n", + "I1=P1/(V*cosfi) #in Ampere\n", + "W1=2*I1**2*Rcon #in Wats(Line losses)\n", + "Lloss_percent=W1/P1*100 #in % eqn(1)\n", + "\n", + "I2=P2/(V*cosfi*sqrt(3)) #in Ampere\n", + "W2=3*I2**2*Rcon #in Wats(Line losses)\n", + "Lloss_percent=W2/P2*100 #in % eqn(2)\n", + "# Equating eqn(1) & eqn(2)\n", + "P2=W1/P1*100/W2/100*P2**2 # W\n", + "P2/=10**6 # MW\n", + "print \"3 phase load = %0.f MW \" %P2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "3 phase load = 30 MW \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 251 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 2.8 : page 40" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given Data :\n", + "from sympy import symbols\n", + "P, V, rho, l, a = symbols('P V rho l a')\n", + "I=P/V #in Ampere\n", + "R=rho*l/a\n", + "a=2*I**2*2*rho*l/W\n", + "K=a*V**2\n", + "#(i) When V=220 volts\n", + "V1=220 #in volts\n", + "vol1=K/V1**2\n", + "#(ii) When V=500 volts\n", + "V2=500 #in volts\\\n", + "vol2=K/V2**2\n", + "saving=(vol1-vol2)/vol1*100 # in % \n", + "print \"Saving in copper =\",round(saving,2),\"%\"\n", + "# Answer not accurate in the textbook." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Saving in copper = 80.64 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 252 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 2.9 : page 41" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given Data :\n", + "P=30*10**6 #in watts\n", + "V=220*10**3 #in Volt\n", + "l=250*10**3 #in meter\n", + "Eta=85 #in %\n", + "rho=3*10**-8 #in ohm-meter\n", + "cosfi=0.8 #power factor\n", + "W=P*(100-Eta)/100 #in watts\n", + "I=P/(sqrt(3)*V*cosfi) #in Ampere\n", + "a=3*I**2*rho*l/W #in m**2\n", + "Volume=3*a*l #in m**3\n", + "print \"Volume of the conductor material = %0.1f m3\" %Volume\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Volume of the conductor material = 36.3 m3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 253 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 2.10 : page 42" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given Data :\n", + "P=20*10**6 #in VA\n", + "cosfi=0.75 #power factor\n", + "P=20*10**6*cosfi #in watts\n", + "V=33*10**3 #in Volt\n", + "l=20*10**3 #in meter\n", + "Eta=85 #in %\n", + "rho=3*10**-8 #in ohm-meter\n", + "W=P*(100-Eta)/100 #in watts\n", + "#For single phase system :\n", + "I=P/(V*cosfi) #in Ampere\n", + "a1=2*I**2*rho*l/W #in m**2\n", + "V1=2*a1*l #in m**3\n", + "print \"For single phase system :\\nVolume of the conductor material = %0.3f m3\" %(V1)\n", + "#For 3 phase 3 wire system :\n", + "I=P/(sqrt(3)*V*cosfi) #in Ampere\n", + "a2=3*I**2*rho*l/W #in m**2\n", + "V2=3*a2*l #in m**3\n", + "print \"For three phase 3-wire system :\\nVolume of the conductor material = %0.2f m3\" %V2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "For single phase system :\n", + "Volume of the conductor material = 7.836 m3\n", + "For three phase 3-wire system :\n", + "Volume of the conductor material = 5.88 m3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 254 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 2.11 : page 43" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from sympy import symbols\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "a=symbols('a')#Given Data :\n", + "l=1*10**3 #in meter\n", + "rho=1.85*10**-6 #in ohm-cm\n", + "R=rho*l*100/a #in ohm\n", + "IL=300 #in Ampere\n", + "Rate=10 #in Rs/kwh\n", + "Eloss=2*IL**2*R*365*24/1000 #in kwh\n", + "CableCost=100*a #in Rs/meter : a=cross sectional area(in cm**2)\n", + "i=10 #in %\n", + "AnnualCost=Eloss/Rate #in Rs\n", + "Ccost=100*a*l #in Rs\n", + "Ccost=Ccost*i/100 # with effet of depreciation\n", + "#a=sqrt(29170.8/10000)\n", + "a=sqrt(AnnualCost/Ccost*a**2) # cm2\n", + "print \"Most economical cross section = %0.3f cm2\" %a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Most economical cross section = 1.708 cm2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 255 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 2.12 : page 44 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from sympy import symbols\n", + "pf, Vcon, Rcon = symbols('cosfi V R')\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "#Part (i) : single phase system\n", + "P1=5*10**6 #in watt\n", + "I1=P1/(Vcon*pf) #in Ampere\n", + "W1=2*I1**2*Rcon #in Watts(Line losses)\n", + "Lloss_percent=W1/P1*100 #in % eqn(1)\n", + "#Part (ii) : 3 phase 3 wire system\n", + "P2 = symbols('P2') # MW\n", + "I2=P2/(Vcon*pf*sqrt(3)) #in Ampere\n", + "W2=3*I2**2*Rcon #in Watts(Line losses)\n", + "Lloss_percent=W2/P2*100 #in % eqn(2)\n", + "# Equating two eqn\n", + "P2=(W1/P1*100)/(W2*100)*P2**2\n", + "P2/=10**6 # MW\n", + "print \"3 phase load = %0.f MW \" %P2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "3 phase load = 10 MW \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 256 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 2.13 : page 45" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "from sympy import symbols\n", + "P, V, rho, l, a = symbols('P V rho l a')\n", + "I=P/V #in Ampere\n", + "R=rho*l/a\n", + "a=2*I**2*2*rho*l/W\n", + "K=a*V**2\n", + "#(i) When V=200 volts\n", + "V1=200 #in volts\n", + "vol1=K/V1**2\n", + "#(ii) When V=600 volts\n", + "V2=600 #in volts\\\n", + "vol2=K/V2**2\n", + "saving=(vol1-vol2)/vol1*100 # in % \n", + "print \"Saving in copper =\",math.floor(saving),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Saving in copper = 88.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 257 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} diff --git a/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter3.ipynb b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter3.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..3d8b23b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,501 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 3, Constructional Mechanical Features of line" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 3.1 : page 70" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "m=1/10 #unitless\n", + "EL=66 #in KV\n", + "E=EL/sqrt(3) #in KV\n", + "#Formula : E=E1+(11/10)*E1+(131/100)*E1+(1651/1000)*E1=(5061/1000)*E1\n", + "E1=E*(1000/5061) #in KV\n", + "print \"E1 = %0.2f KV\" %E1 \n", + "E2=E1*(11/10) #in KV\n", + "print \"E2 = %0.3f KV\" %E2\n", + "E3=E1*(131/100) #in KV\n", + "print \"E3 = %0.2f KV\" %E3\n", + "E4=E1*(1651/1000) #in KV\n", + "print \"E4 = %0.2f KV\" %E4\n", + "Eta=(E/(4*E4))*100 #in %\n", + "print \"String Efficiency = %0.1f %%\" %Eta" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "E1 = 7.53 KV\n", + "E2 = 8.282 KV\n", + "E3 = 9.86 KV\n", + "E4 = 12.43 KV\n", + "String Efficiency = 76.6 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 3.2 : page 71" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "W=0.85 #in Kg/meter\n", + "L=250 #in meter\n", + "Ww=1.4 #in Kg\n", + "SafetyFactor=5 #unitless\n", + "UTS=10128 #Ultimate tensile strength in Kg\n", + "T=UTS/SafetyFactor #in Kg\n", + "Wi=0 #there is no ice\n", + "Wr=sqrt((W+Wi)**2+Ww**2) #in Kg\n", + "S=Wr*L**2/(8*T) #in meter\n", + "Sv=(W/Wr)*S #in meter\n", + "print \"Horizontal sag = %0.3f m\" %S\n", + "print \"Vertical sag = %0.3f m\" %Sv " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Horizontal sag = 6.317 m\n", + "Vertical sag = 3.278 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 3.3 : page 72" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "L=150 #in meter\n", + "A=2 #in cm**2(cross sectional area)\n", + "US=5000 #in Kg/cm**2(ultimate strength)\n", + "g=8.9 #specific gravity\n", + "Ww=1.5 #in Kg/m(wind pressure)\n", + "SafetyFactor=5 #unitless\n", + "B_strength=2*US #in Kg\n", + "T=B_strength/SafetyFactor #in Kg\n", + "Volume=A*100 #in cm**2\n", + "Wc=1.78 #in Kg/m\n", + "Wr=sqrt(Wc**2+Ww**2) #in Kg\n", + "Sag=Wr*L**2/(8*T) #in meter\n", + "print \"Sag = %0.2f m\" % Sag " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Sag = 3.27 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 3.4 : page 73" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import sqrt, pi\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "L=160 #in meter\n", + "d=0.95 #in cm\n", + "A=pi*d**2/4 #in cm**2(cross sectional area)\n", + "US=4250 #in Kg/cm**2(ultimate strength)\n", + "g=8.9 #specific gravity\n", + "Ww=1.5 #in Kg/m(wind pressure)\n", + "SafetyFactor=5 #unitless\n", + "B_strength=2*US #in Kg\n", + "T=B_strength/SafetyFactor #in Kg\n", + "Volume=A*100 #in cm**2\n", + "Wc=1.78 #in Kg/m\n", + "Wr=sqrt(Wc**2+Ww**2) #in Kg\n", + "Sag=Wr*L**2/(8*T) #in meter\n", + "print \"Sag = %.f m\" % Sag \n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is not accurate." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Sag = 4 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 3.5 : page 73" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "m=75-45 #in meter\n", + "L=300 #in meter\n", + "T=2500 #in Kg\n", + "w=0.9 #in kg/meter\n", + "x=L/2-T*m/(w*L) #in meters\n", + "print \"x = %0.2f m\" %x\n", + "x=L/2-x #in meter\n", + "print \"Centre point P from O is %0.2f m\" %(x) \n", + "y=w*x**2/(2*T) #in meter\n", + "print \"Height of point P, y= %0.2f m\" %y\n", + "x=L/2-T*m/(w*L) #in meters\n", + "z=w*(L-x)**2/(2*T) #in meters\n", + "print \"Height of B above O is, z = %0.2f m\" %z \n", + "print \"The mid point of the line is \",(z-y),\" meter below point B, i.e., \",(75-(z-y)),\" meter above water level.\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "x = -127.78 m\n", + "Centre point P from O is 277.78 m\n", + "Height of point P, y= 13.89 m\n", + "Height of B above O is, z = 32.94 m\n", + "The mid point of the line is 19.05 meter below point B, i.e., 55.95 meter above water level.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 3.6 : page 74" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "L=60 #in meter\n", + "S=25*10**-2 #in meter\n", + "A=61.36 #in mm**2(cross sectional area)\n", + "W=0.5445 #in Kg/m\n", + "UTS=42.20 #in Kg/mm**2\n", + "T=W*L**2/(8*S) #in Kg\n", + "B_strength=UTS*A #in Kg\n", + "SafetyFactor=B_strength/T #unitless\n", + "print \"Factor of safety =\", round(SafetyFactor,2) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Factor of safety = 2.64\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 3.7 : page 75" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "L=220 #in meter\n", + "W=0.604 #in Kg/m\n", + "T_strength=5758 #in Kg\n", + "SafetyFactor=2 #unitless\n", + "T=T_strength/SafetyFactor #in Kg\n", + "S=W*L**2/(8*T) #in meter\n", + "print \"Sag = %0.2f m \" %S " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Sag = 1.27 m \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 3.8 : page 75" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given Data :\n", + "W=850/1000 #in Kg/m\n", + "US=7950 #in kg\n", + "L=275 #in meter\n", + "h=8 #in meter(ground clearance)\n", + "SafetyFactor=2 #unitless\n", + "T=US/SafetyFactor #in Kg\n", + "S=W*L**2/(8*T) #in meter\n", + "H=h+S #in meter\n", + "print \"Height above the ground = %0.2f m \" %H" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Height above the ground = 10.02 m \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 3.9 : page 76" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import floor\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "m=1/9 #unitless\n", + "EL=33 #in K\n", + "EbyE1=1+(1+m)+(1+3*m+m**2) #assumed\n", + "E=EL/sqrt(3) #in KV\n", + "E1=E/EbyE1 #in KV\n", + "print \"E1 = %0.2f kV\" %E1\n", + "E2=(1+m)*E1 #in KV\n", + "print \"E2 = %0.2f kV\" %E2 \n", + "E3=(1+3*m+m**2)*E1 #in KV\n", + "print \"E3 = %0.2f kV\" %E3 \n", + "E=E1+E2+E3 #in KV\n", + "Eff=E/(3*E3) \n", + "Eff*=100 # %\n", + "print \"String Efficiency = %.f %%\" %floor(Eff)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "E1 = 5.51 kV\n", + "E2 = 6.12 kV\n", + "E3 = 7.42 kV\n", + "String Efficiency = 85 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 3.10 : page 77" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given Data :\n", + "#Applying KCL we get I1+i1=I2+ix and I2+i2=I3+iy\n", + "#On solving we get : 1*2*E1=1*1*E2+0*1*E3 and 0*2*E1=-1*2*E2+1*3*E3 \n", + "E1byE=1/(1+(154/155)+(166/155)) #assumed\n", + "E2byE=(154/155)*E1byE #assumed\n", + "E3byE=(166/155)*E1byE #assumed\n", + "Eff=1/((3*(166/155)*E1byE))\n", + "Eff*=100 # %\n", + "print \"String Efficiency = %.f %%\" %Eff " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "String Efficiency = 95 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 29 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 3.11 - page : 78" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given Data :\n", + "L=200 #in meter\n", + "W=684/1000 #in Kg/m\n", + "T=1450 #in Kg\n", + "S=W*L**2/(8*T) #in meter\n", + "print \"Sag = %0.2f m\" %S" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Sag = 2.36 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 3.12 : page 78" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "L=220 #in meter\n", + "T=586 #in Kg\n", + "Wc=0.62 #in Kg\n", + "Ww=39.2*0.94/100 #in Kg\n", + "Wr=sqrt(Wc**2+Ww**2) #in Kg\n", + "cos_theta=Wc/Wr #unitless\n", + "Sv=Wr*L**2*cos_theta/(8*T) #in meter\n", + "print \"Vertical Sag = %0.2f m\" %Sv \n", + "# Answer is not accurate in the textbook." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Vertical Sag = 6.40 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 34 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} diff --git a/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter4.ipynb b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter4.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..66eb3e2e --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,602 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 4, Electrical Features of lines - 1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.1 : page 104" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import log, pi\n", + "import math\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "r=1.213/2 #in cm\n", + "f=60 #in Hz\n", + "ds=0.77888*r #in cm\n", + "spacing=1.25 #in meter\n", + "L=4*10**-7*log(spacing*100/ds) #in H/m\n", + "L*=1000 # in H/km\n", + "print \"Inductance = %0.2e H/km\" %L\n", + "XL=2*pi*f*L #in ohm/km\n", + "XL*=60 # ohm per 60 km\n", + "print \"Inductive reactance for 60 km line = %0.1f ohm\" %XL" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Inductance = 2.23e-03 H/km\n", + "Inductive reactance for 60 km line = 50.5 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 105 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.2 : page 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log\n", + "#Given Data : \n", + "l=20 # km (length of line)\n", + "d=2.8*100 #in cm(spacing)\n", + "r=0.5*1.5 #in cm\n", + "ds=0.77888*r #in cm\n", + "L=0.2*log(d/ds) #in H/m/phase\n", + "L*=l # mH for 20km line\n", + "print \"Inductance per phase for a 20 km line = %0.2f mH\" %L" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Inductance per phase for a 20 km line = 24.69 mH\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 106 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.3 : page 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "a=1.5 #in cm**2\n", + "d=8 #in meter(spacing)\n", + "r=39.8/2 #in mm\n", + "l=1*10**5 #in cm\n", + "rho=1.73*10**-6 #in ohm-cm\n", + "R=rho*l/a #in ohm/km\n", + "print \"Resistance of line = %0.4f ohms/km\" %R\n", + "ds=0.77888*r #in cm\n", + "L=0.2*log(d/(ds*10**-3)) #in mH/km/phase\n", + "print \"Inductance per phase for a 1 km line = %0.3f mH/km\" %L" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resistance of line = 0.1153 ohms/km\n", + "Inductance per phase for a 1 km line = 1.249 mH/km\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 107 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.4 : page 106" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Cs=1/3 #in uF\n", + "Cc=(0.6-Cs)/2 #in uF\n", + "#Part (a) :\n", + "C1=(3/2)*Cc+(1/2)*Cs #in uF(between any two conductor)\n", + "print \"Capacitance between any two conductor = %0.3f uF\" %C1\n", + "#Part (b) :\n", + "C2=2*Cc+2*Cs/3\n", + "print \"Capacitance between any shorted conductors = %0.3f uF\" %C2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Capacitance between any two conductor = 0.367 uF\n", + "Capacitance between any shorted conductors = 0.489 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 108 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.5 : page 107" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "d1=3 #in meter\n", + "d2=3 #in meter\n", + "d3=d1+d2 #in meter\n", + "d=378 #in cm\n", + "dia=2.5 #in cm\n", + "r=dia/2 #in cm\n", + "epsilon_o=8.854*10**-12 #constnt\n", + "L=(0.5+2*log10(d/r))*10**-7 #in H/m\n", + "L*=60*1000*1000 # mH per 60 km\n", + "print \"Inductance for 60 km line %0.2f mH\" %L\n", + "C=2*pi*epsilon_o/log(d/r) #in F/m\n", + "C*=60*10**3*10**6 # uF per 60 km line\n", + "print \"Capacitnce for 60 km line = %0.4f uF\" %C\n", + "# Answer is not accurate in the textbook." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Inductance for 60 km line 32.77 mH\n", + "Capacitnce for 60 km line = 0.5844 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 109 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.6 : page 107" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import log10\n", + "#Given Data : \n", + "dinner=6 #in meter\n", + "douter=12 #in meter\n", + "d=(dinner**2*douter)**(1/3) #in meter\n", + "r=2.8 #in meter\n", + "ds=0.7788*r #in cm\n", + "L=2*log10(d*100/ds) #in mH/phase/km\n", + "L*=100 # mH per 100 km\n", + "print \"Inductance for 100 km line %0.f mH\" %L" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Inductance for 100 km line 508 mH\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 110 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.7 : page 108" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "dia=5 #in mm\n", + "d=1.5 #in meter(spacing)\n", + "r=dia/2 #in mm\n", + "r=r*10**-3 #in meter\n", + "epsilon_o=8.854*10**-12 #constnt\n", + "C=pi*epsilon_o/log(d/r) #in Farad per meter\n", + "C*=50*1000 # F per 50km line\n", + "print \"Capacitance for 50 km line = %0.2e F\" %C\n", + "#Note : answer is not accurate in the book. " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Capacitance for 50 km line = 2.17e-07 F\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 111 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.8 : page 108" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "d=300 #in cm(spacing)\n", + "r=1 #in cm\n", + "#Formula : L=10**-7*[mu_r+4*log10(d/r)] #in H/m\n", + "#Part (i) : mu_r=1\n", + "mu_r=1 #constant\n", + "L=10**-4*(mu_r+4*log(d/r)) #in H/m\n", + "L*=1000 # mh per km\n", + "print \"Loop inductance per km for copper %0.2f mH\" %L\n", + "#Part (ii) : mu_r=100\n", + "mu_r=100 #constant\n", + "L=10**-4*(mu_r+4*log(d/r)) #in H/m\n", + "L*=1000 # mH per km\n", + "print \"Loop inductance per km for steel = %0.2f mH\" %L\n", + "# Answer not calculated completely and calculation mistake." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Loop inductance per km for copper 2.38 mH\n", + "Loop inductance per km for steel = 12.28 mH\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 112 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.9 : page 109" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "d1=100 #in cm(spacing)\n", + "d2=100 #in cm(spacing)\n", + "d3=100 #in cm\n", + "r=1 #in cm\n", + "L=10**-7*(0.5+2*log((d1*d2*d3)**(1/3)/r)) #in H/m\n", + "L=L*1000*1000 #in mH/km\n", + "print \"Inductance per km = %0.2f mH\" %L\n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong due to calculation mistake.\n", + "#Note : In the last line it should be multiply by 10**6 to convert from H/m to mH/km instead of 10**8." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Inductance per km = 0.97 mH\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 113 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.10 : page 109" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import log\n", + "#Given Data : \n", + "d1=2 #in cm\n", + "d2=2.5 #in cm\n", + "d3=4.5 #in cm\n", + "r=1.24/2 #in cm\n", + "L=10**-7*(0.5+2*log((d1*d2*d3)**(1/3)/r)) #in H/m\n", + "L=L*1000*1000 #in mH/km\n", + "print \"Inductance per km per phase = %0.2f mH\" %L\n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong(calculation mistake)." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Inductance per km per phase = 0.35 mH\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 114 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.11 : page 110" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import log\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "r=0.75*10 #in mm\n", + "d=1.5*10**3 #in mm\n", + "ds=0.7788*r #in mm\n", + "L=4*10**-7*log(d/ds) #in H/m\n", + "L=L*10**6 #in mH/km\n", + "print \"Inductance of line = %0.2f mH/km\" %L" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Inductance of line = 2.22 mH/km\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 115 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.12 : page 110" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import log\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "d1=4*100 #in cm\n", + "d2=5*100 #in cm\n", + "d3=6*100 #in cm\n", + "r=1 #in cm\n", + "ds=0.7788*r #in cm\n", + "L=(0.2*log((d1*d2*d3)**(1/3)/ds)) #in mH\n", + "L*=10**3 # uH\n", + "print \"Inductance per km = %0.2f uH\" %L\n", + "#Note : answer in the book is wrong." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Inductance per km = 1290.20 uH\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 116 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.13 : page 110" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import log\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "d=300 #in cm(spacing)\n", + "r=1 #in cm\n", + "epsilon_o=8.854*10**-12 #constnt\n", + "C=pi*epsilon_o/log(d/r) #in Farad per meter\n", + "C*=30*1000*10**6 # uF per 30k km line\n", + "print \"Capacitance for 30 km line = %0.2f uF\" %C" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Capacitance for 30 km line = 0.15 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 117 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.14 : page 111" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import log\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "d=2.5*100 #in cm(spacing)\n", + "r=2/2 #in cm\n", + "epsilon_o=8.854*10**-12 #constnt\n", + "C=2*pi*epsilon_o/log(d/r) #in Farad per meter\n", + "C*=10*1000*10**6 # uF per 10 km line\n", + "print \"Capacitance for 10 km line = %0.2f uF\" %C\n", + "#Note : answer given in the book is wrong but calculated is right." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Capacitance for 10 km line = 0.10 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 119 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 4.15 : page 111" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given Data :\n", + "VL=33 #in KV\n", + "f=50 #in hz\n", + "d1=4 #in meter\n", + "d2=4 #in meter\n", + "d3=8 #in meter\n", + "d=(d1*d2*d3)**(1/3) #in meter\n", + "epsilon_o=8.854*10**-12 #constnt\n", + "d=d*100 #in cm\n", + "r=0.62 #in cm\n", + "C=2*pi*epsilon_o/log(d/r) #in Farad per meter\n", + "C*=50*1000*10**6 # uF per m line\n", + "print \"Capacitance for 50 km line %0.3f uF\" %C\n", + "Vp=VL/sqrt(3) #in KV\n", + "Vp=Vp*10**3 #in volt\n", + "Ic=2*pi*f*(C*10**-6)*Vp #in Ampere\n", + "print \"The charging current = %0.2f Ampere\" %Ic" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Capacitance for 50 km line 0.415 uF\n", + "The charging current = 2.48 Ampere\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 120 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} diff --git a/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter5.ipynb b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter5.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..aadf45e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,630 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 5, Electrical features of lines-2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 5.1 : page 128" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Load=100 #in MW\n", + "V=380 #in KV\n", + "d=100 #in km\n", + "rho=0.045 #in ohm/cm**2/km\n", + "w=0.01 #in kg/cm**3\n", + "Eff=90 #in %\n", + "IL=Load*10**6/(sqrt(3)*V*10**3) #in Ampere\n", + "P_loss=Load*(100-Eff)/100 #in MW\n", + "P_loss=P_loss*10**6 #in Watt\n", + "P_loss=P_loss/3 #in watt/conductor\n", + "R_con=P_loss/IL**2 #in ohm/conductor\n", + "#R_con=R_con/d #in ohm/conductor/km\n", + "a=rho*d/R_con #in cm**2\n", + "vol=a*d #in cm**3\n", + "W_cu=vol*w #in Kg\n", + "W_cu*=100*10**3*3 # kg per 100 km \n", + "print \"Weight of Cu for 3 conductors of 100 km length %0.f Kg\" %W_cu\n", + "#Note : answer in the book is not accurate." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Weight of Cu for 3 conductors of 100 km length 9349 Kg\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 5.2 : page 129" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given Data : \n", + "R=2 #in ohm\n", + "X=6 #in ohm\n", + "P=10000*10**3 #in watts\n", + "cos_fir=0.8 #unitless\n", + "VR=22*10**3 #in volt\n", + "I=P/(sqrt(3)*VR*cos_fir) #in Ampere\n", + "VR_phase=VR/sqrt(3) #in volt\n", + "Vs=sqrt((VR_phase*cos_fir+I*R)**2+(VR_phase*sqrt(1-cos_fir**2)+I*X)**2) \n", + "print \"Sending end voltage Vs(phase) %0.2f V\" %Vs\n", + "R=((Vs-VR_phase)/VR_phase)*100 # %\n", + "print \"Regulation = %0.2f %%\" %R\n", + "# Ans in the textbook is not accurate." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Sending end voltage Vs(phase) 14455.83 V\n", + "Regulation = 13.81 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 5.3 : page 129" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given Data : \n", + "l=10*10**3 #in meter\n", + "P_del=4000 #in KVA\n", + "cos_fir=0.9 #unitless\n", + "VL=11*10**3 #in volt\n", + "R=0.2*10 #in ohm/phase/10km\n", + "X=0.3*10 #in ohm/phase/10km\n", + "I=P_del*10**3/(sqrt(3)*VL) #in Ampere\n", + "VR_phase=VL/sqrt(3) #in volt\n", + "Vs=sqrt((VR_phase*cos_fir+I*R)**2+(VR_phase*sqrt(1-cos_fir**2)+I*X)**2) # V\n", + "Vs*=sqrt(3)/1000 # kV\n", + "print \"Sending end voltage Vs(line) %0.4f KV\" %Vs \n", + "Reg=((Vs-VL/1000)/VL*1000)*100 # %\n", + "print \"Regulation = %0.3f %%\" %Reg \n", + "Losses3line=3*I**2*R #in watt\n", + "P_rec=P_del*cos_fir #in KW\n", + "Pin=P_rec+Losses3line/1000 #in KW\n", + "ETA=P_rec/Pin #unitless\n", + "ETA*=100 # %\n", + "print \"Transmission Efficiency = %0.3f %%\" %ETA\n", + "cos_fis=(VR_phase*cos_fir+I*R)/(Vs*1000/sqrt(3)) #unitless\n", + "print \"Sending end PF = %0.4f lag\" %cos_fis " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Sending end voltage Vs(line) 12.1483 KV\n", + "Regulation = 10.439 %\n", + "Transmission Efficiency = 93.157 %\n", + "Sending end PF = 0.8748 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 28 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 5.4 : page 130" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "l=15*10**3 #in meter\n", + "Pt=10000 #in kW\n", + "cos_fir=0.8 #unitless\n", + "VL=33*10**3 #in volt\n", + "R=0.2*15 #in ohm/phase/15km\n", + "X=0.4*15 #in ohm/phase/15km\n", + "I=Pt*10**3/(sqrt(3)*VL*cos_fir) #in Ampere\n", + "VR_phase=VL/sqrt(3) #in volt\n", + "Vs=sqrt((VR_phase*cos_fir+I*R)**2+(VR_phase*sqrt(1-cos_fir**2)-I*X)**2) \n", + "Vs*=sqrt(3)/1000 # \n", + "print \"Sending end voltage Vs(line) = %0.3f KV \" %Vs\n", + "Vs=sqrt((VR_phase*cos_fir+I*R)**2+(VR_phase*sqrt(1-cos_fir**2)-I*X)**2) \n", + "cos_fis=(VR_phase*cos_fir+I*R)/Vs #unitless\n", + "print \"Sending end PF = %0.4f leading \" %cos_fis\n", + "Reg=((Vs-VR_phase)/VR_phase)*100 # %\n", + "print \"Regulation = %0.3f %%\" %Reg" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Sending end voltage Vs(line) = 32.641 KV \n", + "Sending end PF = 0.8436 leading \n", + "Regulation = -1.087 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 34 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 5.5 : page 131" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import array, sqrt, roots, poly\n", + "import cmath\n", + "from sympy import symbols\n", + "VR=symbols('VR')\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Vs_line=33*10**3 #in volt\n", + "cos_fir=0.8 #unitless\n", + "P_KVA=6000 #in KVA\n", + "P_KW=P_KVA*cos_fir #in KW\n", + "cos_fir=0.8 #unitless\n", + "impedence=complex(2,6) #in ohm/phase\n", + "R=impedence.real #in ohm\n", + "X=impedence.imag #in ohm\n", + "Vs_phase=Vs_line/sqrt(3) #in volt\n", + "##\n", + "I=P_KVA*10**3/sqrt(3)/VR\n", + "Vs = VR+I*R*cos_fir+I*X*sin_fir\n", + "#polynomial p = [1 -Vs_phase P_KVA*10**3*R*cos_fir/sqrt(3)+P_KVA*10**3*X*sin_fir/sqrt(3)]\n", + "sin_fir=sqrt(1-cos_fir**2) \n", + "p=poly((1,-Vs_phase,P_KVA*R*cos_fir/sqrt(3)+P_KVA*X*sin_fir/sqrt(3)) )\n", + "VR=roots(p) # Calculating roots of the polynomial\n", + "VR=VR[1] #(root calculated using -ve sign is discarded in shreedharacharya method)\n", + "VR_line=VR*sqrt(3) #in volt\n", + "print \"(i) Line voltage at receiving end = %0.2f KV\" %(VR_line/1000)\n", + "Regulation=((Vs_line-VR_line)/VR_line)*100 #unitless\n", + "print \"(ii) Regulation = %0.2f %%\" %Regulation\n", + "I=P_KVA*10**3/(sqrt(3)*VR_line)\n", + "#I=P*10**3/(sqrt(3)*VR_line) #in Ampere\n", + "TotalLoss=3*I**2*R #in watt\n", + "Pout=P_KVA*cos_fir #in KW\n", + "Pin=Pout+TotalLoss/1000 #in KW\n", + "ETA=Pout/Pin #unitless\n", + "print \"(iii) Transmission Efficiency = %0.2f %%\" %(ETA*100)\n", + "#NOTE : Answer wrong : Accuracy efficiency in textbook'" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(i) Line voltage at receiving end = 31.20 KV\n", + "(ii) Regulation = 5.77 %\n", + "(iii) Transmission Efficiency = 98.48 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 5.6 - page 132" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "P_del=10000*10**3 #in Watts\n", + "cos_fir=0.8 #unitless\n", + "R=0.95 #in ohm/km\n", + "VR=132*10**3 #in volt\n", + "IL=P_del/(sqrt(3)*VR*cos_fir) #in Ampere\n", + "#TotalLosses=3*I**2*R and should be equal to (7.5/100)*P_del #in watt\n", + "l=(7.5/100)*P_del/(3*IL**2*R) #in km\n", + "print \"Distance = %0.2f km \" %l" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Distance = 88.04 km \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 29 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 5.7 - page 133" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "I=180 #in Ampere\n", + "cos_fir=0.8 #unitless\n", + "R=0.7 #in ohm/phase\n", + "X=1.2 #in ohm/phase\n", + "ETA=90 #in %\n", + "Pdev_BY_VR=3*I*cos_fir #in KW\n", + "Psending_BY_VR=Pdev_BY_VR/(ETA/100) #in kW\n", + "Losses=3*I**2*R #in watt\n", + "VR=Losses/(Psending_BY_VR-Pdev_BY_VR) #in volt\n", + "Vs=sqrt((VR*cos_fir+I*R)**2+(VR*sqrt(1-cos_fir**2)+I*X)**2) \n", + "print \"Sending end voltage Vs(line) = %0.2f Volts\" %(Vs*sqrt(3))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Sending end voltage Vs(line) = 2859.21 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 32 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 5.8 - page 134" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import log, sqrt, pi\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "d=1*100 #in cm\n", + "dia=1 #in cm\n", + "r=dia/2 #in cm\n", + "Length=20 #in km\n", + "V=33 #in KV\n", + "P=10 #in MW\n", + "cosfi=0.8 #unitless\n", + "f=50 #in Hz\n", + "R=0.19 #in ohm/km/phase\n", + "#Part (i) :\n", + "L=2*10**-7*log(d/r) #in H/m\n", + "L20=L*Length*10**3 #in H\n", + "XL=2*pi*f*L20 #in ohm\n", + "R20=R*Length #in ohm\n", + "Z=sqrt(R20**2+XL**2) #in ohm\n", + "IR=P*10**3/(sqrt(3)*V*cosfi)\n", + "Losses=3*IR**2*R20 #in watt\n", + "ETA=P/(P+Losses/10**6) #unitless\n", + "print \"(i) Efficiency of line = %0.2f %%\" %(ETA*100)\n", + "#Part (ii) :\n", + "VR=V*1000/sqrt(3) #in volt\n", + "Vs=((VR*cosfi+IR*R20)+(VR*sqrt(1-cosfi**2)+IR*XL)) \n", + "print \"(ii) Regulation = %0.2f %% \" %(((Vs-VR)/VR)*100) \n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong. In second last line of the solution in the book 16079+12885 is taken as 20605 instead of 28964. " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(i) Efficiency of line = 94.83 %\n", + "(ii) Regulation = 52.00 % \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 35 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 5.9 : page 134" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "#Given Data : \n", + "R=2.5 #in ohm\n", + "X=4.33 #in ohm\n", + "I=120 #in Ampere\n", + "Vr=3300 #in volt\n", + "cos_fir=0.8 #unitless\n", + "Vs=Vr+I*R*cos_fir+I*X*sqrt(1-cos_fir**2) #in volt\n", + "print \"Sending end voltage = %0.2f Volts\" %Vs" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Sending end voltage = 3851.76 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 5.10 - page 135" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "Pt=4000*10**3 #in watt(power to be transmitted)\n", + "VR=11000 #in volt\n", + "cos_fir=0.9 #unitless\n", + "R=1 #in ohm\n", + "X=2.5 #in ohm\n", + "I=Pt/VR #in Ampere\n", + "Vs=VR+I*R*cos_fir+I*X*sqrt(1-cos_fir**2) #in volt\n", + "print \"(i) Sending end voltage = %0.2f Volts\" %Vs\n", + "Reg=(Vs-VR)*100/VR #in %\n", + "print \"(ii) Regulation = %0.3f %%\" %Reg\n", + "cos_fis=(VR*cos_fir+I*R)/Vs #unitless\n", + "print \"(iii) Sending end pf = %0.3f lag \" %(cos_fis)\n", + "losses=I**2*R #in watts\n", + "Pr=Pt*cos_fir #in wats(Receiving end power)\n", + "Psend=Pr+losses #in watts\n", + "Eff=Pr*100/Psend #unitless\n", + "print \"(iv) Transmission efficiency = %0.2f %%\" %(Eff)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(i) Sending end voltage = 11723.54 Volts\n", + "(ii) Regulation = 6.578 %\n", + "(iii) Sending end pf = 0.875 lag \n", + "(iv) Transmission efficiency = 96.46 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 41 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 5.11 - page 136" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "L=20 #in Km(length of the line)\n", + "Pdev=3000*10**3 #in watt(power delivered)\n", + "cos_fir=0.8 #unitless\n", + "VR=11*1000 #in volt\n", + "R=0.15*L #in ohm\n", + "X=0.4*L #in ohm\n", + "I=Pdev/VR #in Ampere\n", + "Vs=VR+I*R*cos_fir-I*X*sqrt(1-cos_fir**2) #in volt\n", + "print \"(i) Sending end voltage = %0.2f Volts\" %Vs\n", + "Reg=(VR-Vs)*100/VR #in %\n", + "print \"(ii) Regulation = %0.2f %% \"%Reg \n", + "cos_fis=(VR*cos_fir+I*R)/Vs #unitless\n", + "print \"(iii) Sending end pf = %0.3f lag\" %cos_fis\n", + "losses=I**2*R #in watts\n", + "Pr=Pdev*cos_fir #in wats(Receiving end power)\n", + "Psend=Pr+losses #in watts\n", + "Eff=Pr*100/Psend #unitless\n", + "print \"(iv) Transmission efficiency = %0.2f %%\" %(Eff)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(i) Sending end voltage = 10345.45 Volts\n", + "(ii) Regulation = 5.95 % \n", + "(iii) Sending end pf = 0.930 lag\n", + "(iv) Transmission efficiency = 91.49 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 44 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 5.12 - page 137" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "R=2 #in ohm\n", + "X=3 #in ohm\n", + "VR=10*1000 #in volt\n", + "P=1000*10**3 #in watt(power delivered)\n", + "cos_fir=0.8 #unitless\n", + "I=P/(VR*cos_fir) #in Ampere\n", + "Vs=sqrt((VR*cos_fir+I*R)**2+(VR*sqrt(1-cos_fir**2)+I*X)**2) #in volt\n", + "Reg=(Vs-VR)*100/VR #in %\n", + "print \"(i) Regulation = %0.2f %%\" %Reg \n", + "losses=I**2*R #in watts\n", + "Pr=P*cos_fir #in wats(Receiving end power)\n", + "Psend=Pr+losses #in watts\n", + "Eff=Pr*100/Psend #unitless\n", + "print \"(ii) Transmission efficiency = %0.2f %% \" %(Eff)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(i) Regulation = 4.26 %\n", + "(ii) Transmission efficiency = 96.24 % \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 5.13 - page 137" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "R=1.5 #in ohm\n", + "X=4 #in ohm\n", + "VR=11*1000 #in volt\n", + "VRphase=VR/sqrt(3) #in volt/phase\n", + "P=6000 #in KVA(power delivered)\n", + "cos_fir=0.8 #unitless\n", + "I=P*1000/(3*VRphase) #in Ampere\n", + "Vs=VRphase+cos_fir*I*R+sqrt(1-cos_fir**2)*I*X #in volt\n", + "Vs=Vs*sqrt(3) #in volt(not phase)\n", + "Reg=(Vs-VR)*100/VR #in %\n", + "print \"(i) Regulation = %0.1f %%\" %Reg\n", + "losses=3*I**2*R/1000 #in Kw\n", + "Pr=P*cos_fir #in wats(Receiving end power)\n", + "Psend=Pr+losses #in watts\n", + "Eff=Pr*100/Psend #unitless\n", + "print \"Transmission efficiency = %0.1f %%\" %Eff" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(i) Regulation = 17.9 %\n", + "Transmission efficiency = 91.5 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 52 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} diff --git a/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter7.ipynb b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter7.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..71496b0e --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,814 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter7 - Distribution systems" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.1 - page 174" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import cmath\n", + "#Given data : \n", + "l=1 #in km\n", + "I=100 #in Ampere\n", + "cosfi=0.8 #Power factor(lag) unitless\n", + "VC=200 #in volt\n", + "IL=60 #in Ampere\n", + "cosfi_load=0.9 #Power factor(lag) unitless\n", + "R=0.6 #in ohm\n", + "XL=0.08 #in ohm\n", + "IC=I*complex(0.8,-0.6) #in Ampere\n", + "z=complex(0.06,0.08)/2 #in ohm\n", + "VD_BC=z*IC #in volt\n", + "VB=VC+VD_BC #in volt\n", + "IB=IL*complex(0.9,-0.4357)+IC #in Ampere\n", + "VD_AB=z*IB #in volt\n", + "VD_AB=round(VD_AB.real,2)+round(VD_AB.imag,2)*1J\n", + "print \"V.D. from sending end to mid point =\" ,VD_AB,\"Volt\"\n", + "print \"V.D. from mid point to the far end =\",VD_BC,\"Volt\" " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "V.D. from sending end to mid point = (7.47+2.78j) Volt\n", + "V.D. from mid point to the far end = (4.8+1.4j) Volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.2 - page 175" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from sympy import symbols\n", + "#Given data : \n", + "l=500 #in meter\n", + "i=1 #in Ampere/meter\n", + "IL1=200;IL2=150;IL3=50;IL4=100 #in Ampere\n", + "l1=100;l2=200;l3=300;l4=400 #in meter\n", + "r=0.1 #in ohm/km\n", + "Vd=250 #in volt\n", + "I=symbols('I')\n", + "Drop_AC=100*(r/10**3)*(I-i*l1/2) \n", + "Drop_CD=I \n", + "Drop_DE=100*r*(I-550)-I*100/2 \n", + "Drop_EF=100*r*(I-700-I*100/2) \n", + "Drop_FB=100*r*(I-900-I*100/2) \n", + "VD_tot=0.05*I-27 #in volts\n", + "#both ends are fed with same voltage,\n", + "#VD_tot should be equal to zero.\"\n", + "I=27/0.05 #in Ampere\n", + "print \"Curent = %0.2f Ampere\" %I\n", + "Drop_AD=(0.01*I-0.5)+(0.01*I-3.5) \n", + "print \"Value at minimum potential at D = %0.2f V\" %(Vd-Drop_AD)\n", + "#Note : Ans in the book is wrong as 27/0.05 gives 540 instead of 54." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Curent = 540.00 Ampere\n", + "Value at minimum potential at D = 243.20 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.3 - page 176" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given data : \n", + "l=250 #in meter\n", + "VA=230 #in volt\n", + "VB=232 #in volt\n", + "r=0.5 #in ohm/km\n", + "r=0.5/10**3 #in ohm/m\n", + "RAC=r*50*2 #in ohm\n", + "RCD=RAC;RDE=RAC;REF=RAC;RFB=RAC #in ohm\n", + "#VA-VB=VAC+VCD+VDE+VEF+VFB #in volt\n", + "Ia=(VA-VB+15)/(5*RAC) #Ampere\n", + "IAC=Ia;ICD=IAC-20;IDE=IAC-60;IED=-IDE;IEF=IAC-100;IFE=-IEF;IFB=IAC-120;IBF=-IFB #in Ampere\n", + "print \"IAC = %0.f A\" %IAC\n", + "print \"ICD = %0.f A\" %ICD\n", + "print \"IDE = %0.f A\" %IDE\n", + "print \"IED = %0.f A\" %IED\n", + "print \"IEF = %0.f A\" %IEF\n", + "print \"IFE = %0.f A\" %IFE\n", + "print \"IFB = %0.f A\" %IFB\n", + "print \"IBF = %0.f A\" %IBF\n", + "VAC=IAC*RAC #in volt\n", + "VCD=ICD*RCD #in volt\n", + "VD=VA-VAC-VCD #in volt\n", + "print \"The minimum potential = %0.1f Volt\" %(VD)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "IAC = 52 A\n", + "ICD = 32 A\n", + "IDE = -8 A\n", + "IED = 8 A\n", + "IEF = -48 A\n", + "IFE = 48 A\n", + "IFB = -68 A\n", + "IBF = 68 A\n", + "The minimum potential = 225.8 Volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 32 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.4 - page 177" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given data : \n", + "VA=235 #in volt\n", + "VB=236 #in volt\n", + "l=200 #in meter\n", + "IL1=20;IL2=40;IL3=25;IL4=30 #in Ampere\n", + "l1=50;l2=75;l3=100;l4=50 #in meter\n", + "r=0.4 #in ohm/km\n", + "r=0.4/10**3 #in ohm/m\n", + "RAC=r*l1*2 #in ohm\n", + "RCD=r*(l2-l1)*2*RAC;RDE=r*(l2-l1)*2*RAC;REF=r*l1*2*RAC;RFB=r*l1*2*RAC #in ohm\n", + "#VA-VB=VAC+VCD+VDE+VEF+VFB #in volt\n", + "IA=(VA-VB+9.6)/(0.16) #in Ampere\n", + "IAC=IA;ICD=IA-IL1;IDE=IA-IL1-IL2;IEF=IA-IL1-IL2-IL3;IFB=IA-IL1-IL2-IL3-IL4 #in Ampere\n", + "print \"IAC = %0.2f A\" %IAC\n", + "print \"ICD = %0.2f A\" %ICD\n", + "print \"IED = %0.2f A\" %(-IDE)\n", + "print \"IFE = %0.2f A\" %-IEF\n", + "print \"IFB = %0.2f A\" %-IFB\n", + "VAC=IAC*RAC #in volt\n", + "VCD=ICD*RCD #in volt\n", + "VD=VA-VAC-VCD #in volt\n", + "print \"The minimum potential = %0.3f Volt\" %VD\n", + "# Answer wrong in the textbook due to accuracy." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "IAC = 53.75 A\n", + "ICD = 33.75 A\n", + "IED = 6.25 A\n", + "IFE = 31.25 A\n", + "IFB = 61.25 A\n", + "The minimum potential = 232.823 Volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 43 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.5 - page 179" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given data : \n", + "VA=400 #in volt\n", + "r=0.03 #in ohm/km\n", + "r=0.03/1000 #in ohm/m\n", + "RAB=r*500*2 #in ohm\n", + "RBC=r*300*2 #in ohm\n", + "RAB=r*700*2 #in ohm\n", + "RAB=r*500*2 #in ohm\n", + "#VA-VB=VAC+VCD+VDE+VEF+VFB #in volt\n", + "IA=(17.4)/(0.09) #in Ampere\n", + "VAB=(RAB)*IA #in volt\n", + "VB=VA-VAB #in volt\n", + "print \"Voltage at B = %0.2f Volts\" %VB\n", + "VBC=(RBC)*(IA-150) #in volt\n", + "VC=VB-VBC #in volt\n", + "print \"Voltage at C = %0.2f Volts\" %VC\n", + "IBC=IA-150 #in A\n", + "print \"Current in section BC = %0.2f A \"%IBC \n", + "#Note : Answer of VB is wrong in the book." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage at B = 394.20 Volts\n", + "Voltage at C = 393.42 Volts\n", + "Current in section BC = 43.33 A \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.6 - page 180" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#Given data : \n", + "VA=240 #in volt\n", + "MAxVDrop=VA*5/100 #in volt\n", + "rho=2.87*10**-6 #in ohm-cm \n", + "#VAB+VBC+VCA=0 #in volt\n", + "IA=(3200)/(26) #in Ampere\n", + "IAB=IA #in Ampere\n", + "IBC=IA-100 #in Ampere\n", + "#Allowed voltage drop: IAB*RAB+IBC*RBC=12\n", + "R=12/(1015.26) #in ohm\n", + "RAB=R*300*2/100 #in ohm\n", + "RBC=R*600*2/100 #in ohm\n", + "RCA=R*400*2/100 #in ohm\n", + "#formula : R=rho*l/a\n", + "a=rho*(100*100)/R #in cm**2\n", + "print \"Cross section area = %0.2f cm2 \" %a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cross section area = 2.43 cm2 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.7 - page 182" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import sqrt\n", + "#Given data : \n", + "R=0.2 #in ohm/km\n", + "X=0.1 #in ohm/km\n", + "ZAM=((R+X*1J)/1000)*200 #in ohm\n", + "ZMB=((R+X*1J)/1000)*100 #in ohm\n", + "I1=100*(0.707-0.707*1J) #in A\n", + "I2=200*(0.8-0.6*1J) #in A\n", + "IAM=I1+I2 #in Ampere\n", + "VAM=ZAM*IAM #in volts\n", + "VMB=ZMB*I2 #in volts\n", + "VAB=VAM+VMB #in volts\n", + "magVAB=sqrt(VAB.real**2+VAB.imag**2) \n", + "print \"Total voltage drop = %0.2f Volts\" %magVAB" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Total voltage drop = 17.85 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 50 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.8 - page 183" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import sqrt, sin, pi, arctan, arccos, cos\n", + "import cmath\n", + "#Given data : \n", + "VB=200 #in volts\n", + "R=0.2 #in ohm/km\n", + "X=0.3 #in ohm/km\n", + "I=100 #in Ampere\n", + "ZAB=(R+X*1J) #in ohm\n", + "ZMB=ZAB/2 #in ohm\n", + "ZAM=ZMB #in ohm\n", + "cosfi_1=0.6 #unitless\n", + "cosfi_2=0.8 #unitless\n", + "IMB=I*(cosfi_2-cosfi_1*1J) #in A\n", + "I2=IMB #in Ampere\n", + "VMB=IMB*ZMB #in volts\n", + "VM=VB+VMB #in volts\n", + "print \"Voltage at M = %.2f\u2220%.2f\u00b0\" %(abs(VM),cmath.phase(VM)*180/pi)\n", + "#print('Sending end voltage , V_S = %.2f\u2220%.2f\u00b0 kV/phase' %(abs(V_S*10**-3),cmath.phase(V_S)*180/math.pi))\n", + "fi=arctan(VM.imag/VM.real)*180/pi #in degree\n", + "fi_1=arccos(cosfi_1)*180/pi #in degree\n", + "fi_VBandI1=fi_1-fi #in degree\n", + "I1=I*(cos(fi_VBandI1*pi/180)-sin(fi_VBandI1*pi/180))*1J #in Ampere\n", + "IAM=I1+I2 #inA Ampere\n", + "VAM=ZAM*IAM #in volts\n", + "VA=VM+VAM #in volts\n", + "magVA=sqrt(VA.real**2+VA.imag**2) \n", + "print \"Voltage at A, standing end voltage = %0.2f Volts\" %magVA\n", + "#Answer wrong in the textbook." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage at M = 217.08\u22201.58\u00b0\n", + "Voltage at A, standing end voltage = 236.65 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 63 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.9 - page 184" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data : \n", + "l=500 #in meter\n", + "VA=200 #in volt\n", + "MAxVDrop=6 #in % of declared voltage \n", + "rho=0.014 #in ohm/m \n", + "#VD in the distributor=53*10**3*r\n", + "AllowedVD=VA*(6/100) #in volts\n", + "r=AllowedVD*10**6/(53*10**3) #in ohm/meter\n", + "#formula : R=rho*l/a\n", + "a=rho*(2*l)/r #in m**2\n", + "print \"Cross section area = %0.2f m2 \" %(a)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cross section area = 0.06 m2 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 64 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.10 - page 185" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data : \n", + "l=300 #in meter\n", + "I=0.75 #in A/m\n", + "R=0.00018 #in ohm/m\n", + "x=200 #in meter\n", + "Vs=250 #in volt\n", + "VD=I*R*(l*x-x**2/2) #in volt\n", + "V_A=Vs-VD #in volt(Voltage at 200m from end A)\n", + "print \"Voltage as 200m from supply end A = %0.1f Volts\" %V_A" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage as 200m from supply end A = 244.6 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 66 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.11 - page 185" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data : \n", + "l=600 #in meter\n", + "VA=440 #in volt\n", + "VB=400 #in volt\n", + "R=0.01 #in ohm/100m\n", + "RAC=(R/100)*300 #in ohm\n", + "RCD=(R/100)*300 #in ohm\n", + "RDE=(R/100)*100 #in ohm\n", + "REF=(R/100)*200 #in ohm\n", + "RFB=(R/100)*300 #in ohm\n", + "#VA-VB=VAC+VCD+VDE+VEF+VFB #in volt\n", + "IA=(VA-VB+42.5)/(0.12) #in Ampere\n", + "IAC=IA;ICD=IA-100;IDE=IA-300;IFE=IA-550;IFB=IA-850 #in Ampere\n", + "print \"Current fed at A, IA = %0.1f A \"%IAC \n", + "print \"Current fed at B, IB = %0.1f A \"%-IFB" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current fed at A, IA = 687.5 A \n", + "Current fed at B, IB = 162.5 A \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 69 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.12 - page 187" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data : \n", + "VA=220 #in volt\n", + "VB=200 #in volt\n", + "R=0.1 #in ohm/km\n", + "I=1 #in A/m\n", + "l=500 #in meter\n", + "R=2*R/1000 #in ohm/m\n", + "x=(VA-VB)/(I*R*l)+l/2 #in meter\n", + "Vmin=VA-I*R*x**2/2 #in volts\n", + "print \"Value of minimum potential = %0.2f V \"%Vmin \n", + "IA=I*x #in A\n", + "print \"Current supplied from end A = %0.f A \" %IA \n", + "IB=I*(l-x) #in A\n", + "print \"Current supplied from end B = %0.f A\"%IB" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of minimum potential = 199.75 V \n", + "Current supplied from end A = 450 A \n", + "Current supplied from end B = 50 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.13 - page 187" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data : \n", + "VL=240 #in volt\n", + "Router=0.2 #in ohm\n", + "I1=VL/5 #in Ampere\n", + "I2=VL/6 #in Ampere\n", + "Ineutral=I1-I2 #in Ampere\n", + "#Applying KVL on +ve side\n", + "V1=VL+I1*0.2+8*0.4 #in volt\n", + "print \"Voltage at +ve side = %0.1f V\" %V1\n", + "#Applying KVL on +ve side\n", + "V2=VL-(8*0.4)+I2*0.2 #in volt\n", + "print \"Voltage at -ve side = %0.1f V\" %V2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage at +ve side = 252.8 V\n", + "Voltage at -ve side = 244.8 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.14 - page 188" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data : \n", + "#Applying KVL on +ve side\n", + "V1=200-(600*0.015)-(100)*0.03 #in volt\n", + "print \"Voltage at +ve side = %0.f V\" %V1\n", + "#Applying KVL on -ve side\n", + "V2=200-(-100*0.03)-500*0.0015 #in volt\n", + "print \"Voltage at -ve side = %0.1f V\" %V2\n", + "#Note : answer of 2nd part is wrong in the book." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage at +ve side = 188 V\n", + "Voltage at -ve side = 202.2 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.15 - page 189" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from sympy import symbols\n", + "x=symbols('x')\n", + "#Given data : \n", + "#VD in section AC from RHS: \n", + "VD1=(40+x)*0.02+0.17*x\n", + "#VD in section AC from LHS: \n", + "VD2=(350-x)*0.015+(150-x)*0.03\n", + "#Equating two VDs we get\n", + "#x*0.02+0.17*x+0.015*x+x*0.03=350*0.015+150*0.03-40*0.02\n", + "x=(350*0.015+150*0.03-40*0.02)/0.082 #in A\n", + "VB=500-(x+40)*0.02 #in volts\n", + "print \"Potential at point B = %0.2f V\" %VB\n", + "VC=VB-(x*0.017) #in volts\n", + "print \"Potential at point C = %0.2f V\" %VC\n", + "VD=500-(350-x)*0.015 #in volts\n", + "print \"Potential at point D = %0.2f V\" %VD\n", + "#Note : Answer of 3rd part is given wrong in the book." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Potential at point B = 497.02 V\n", + "Potential at point C = 495.16 V\n", + "Potential at point D = 496.39 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.16 - page 190" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from sympy import symbols\n", + "x=symbols('x')\n", + "#Given data : \n", + "#Applying KVL in loop AFEDA: \n", + "p1=((0.016*x)+0.09*(x-30)+0.14*(x-17)-0.1*y) #eqn(1) \n", + "#Applying KVL in loop ADCBA: \n", + "p2=(0.1*y-0.12*(95-x-y)-.01*(145-x-y)-0.008*(165-x-y)) #eqn(2)\n", + "#Equating two equtions we get\n", + "#3.9*x-125=97.75-0.75*x\n", + "x=(97.75+125)/(3.9+0.75) #in A\n", + "y=97.75-0.75*x #in A\n", + "print \"x = %0.f A\" %x \n", + "print \"y = %0.2f A\"%y \n", + "print \"Point of minimum ppotential is E.\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "x = 48 A\n", + "y = 61.82 A\n", + "Point of minimum ppotential is E.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.17 - page 190" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data : \n", + "V=200 #in volt\n", + "I=1 #in A/m\n", + "R=2*0.05/1000 #in ohm/m\n", + "l=1*1000 #in meter\n", + "IT=I*l #in Ampere\n", + "RT=R*l #in ohm\n", + "VD=IT*RT/8 #in volt\n", + "Vmin=V-VD #in volt\n", + "print \"Minimum potential occurs at mid point. It is %0.2f V\" %Vmin" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Minimum potential occurs at mid point. It is 187.50 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 7.19 - page 191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data : \n", + "VB=400 #in volt\n", + "ZAC=0.04+0.08*1J #in ohm\n", + "ZCB=0.08+1J*0.12 #in ohm\n", + "I1=60*(0.8-1J*0.6) \n", + "I2=120*(0.8-1J*0.6) \n", + "VCB=I2*ZCB #in Volt\n", + "VAC=(I1+I2)*ZAC #in volt\n", + "VC=VB+I2*ZCB #in Volt\n", + "print \"Voltage at C =\",VC,\"Volt\"\n", + "VA=VC+(I1+I2)*ZAC #in volt\n", + "print \"Voltage at A =\",VA,\"Volt\"\n", + "#Answer not accurate in the textbook." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage at C = (416.32+5.76j) Volt\n", + "Voltage at A = (430.72+12.96j) Volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} diff --git a/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter8.ipynb b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter8.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b2ca03f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,364 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter8 - Underground cables and faults" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 8.1 - page 222" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import exp, pi\n", + "#given data\n", + "R=500 #in Mohm/Km\n", + "R=R*10**6 #in ohm\n", + "r1=2.5/2 #in cm\n", + "r1=r1*10**-2 #in meter\n", + "rho=4.5*10**16 #in ohm/cm\n", + "rho=rho*10**-2 #in ohm/m\n", + "l=1 #in Km\n", + "l=l*1000 #in meter\n", + "#Formula : R=(rho/(2*pi*l))*log(r2/r1)\n", + "r2=(exp(R/(rho/(2*pi*l))))*r1 #in meter\n", + "thickness=r2-r1 #in meter\n", + "thickness=thickness*100 #in cm\n", + "print \"Thickness of Insulation = %0.3f cm\" %thickness\n", + "# Answer in the textbook is wrong due to accuracy." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Thickness of Insulation = 0.009 cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 8.2 - page 223" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import log10\n", + "#given data\n", + "d=1 #in cm\n", + "d=d*10**-2 #in meter\n", + "D=1.8 #in cm\n", + "D=D*10**-2 #in meter\n", + "epsilon_r=4 #permittivity of insulation\n", + "C=0.024*epsilon_r/log10(D/d) #in uF/Km\n", + "print \"Capacitance/km of the fibre = %0.3f uF\" %C" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Capacitance/km of the fibre = 0.376 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 8.3 - page 223" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import log\n", + "#given data\n", + "V=33 #in KV\n", + "d=1 #in cm\n", + "D=4 #in cm\n", + "#Part (a) :\n", + "gmax=2*V/(d*log(D/d)) #in KV/cm\n", + "print \"Maximum Stress = %0.1f KV/cm\" %gmax\n", + "#Part (b) :\n", + "gmin=2*V/(D*log(D/d)) #in KV/cm\n", + "print \"Minimum Stress = %0.0f KV/cm\" %round(gmin)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Maximum Stress = 47.6 KV/cm\n", + "Minimum Stress = 12 KV/cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 8.4 - page 224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "#given data\n", + "Vrms=66 #in KV\n", + "gmax=40 #in KV/cm\n", + "V=sqrt(2)*Vrms #in Volt\n", + "#Part (a) : \n", + "d=2*V/gmax #in cm\n", + "print \"The most economical diameter = %0.3f cm\" %d\n", + "#Part (b) : \n", + "PeakVoltage=sqrt(2)*Vrms/sqrt(3) #in Volt\n", + "V=PeakVoltage #in Volt\n", + "d=2*V/gmax #in cm\n", + "print \"The most economical diameter for 3 phase system = %0.1f m\" %d" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The most economical diameter = 4.667 cm\n", + "The most economical diameter for 3 phase system = 2.7 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 8.5 - page 224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "#given data\n", + "d=2 #in cm\n", + "D=2.5*2 #in cm\n", + "d1=(5/4)*d #in cm\n", + "d2=(5/3)*d #in cm\n", + "gmax=40 #in KV/cm\n", + "PeakVoltage=(gmax/2)*(d*log(d1/d)+d1*log(d2/d1)+d2*log(D/d2)) #in KV\n", + "print \"The safe Working Potential = %0.1f KV\" %(PeakVoltage/sqrt(2))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The safe Working Potential = 35.6 KV\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 8.6 - page 25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import pi, sqrt\n", + "#given data\n", + "CN=0.4 #in uF\n", + "V=33 #in KV\n", + "VP=V/sqrt(3) #in KV\n", + "f=25 #in Hz\n", + "#Capacitance between 2 cores for 15 Km length\n", + "CN_1=15*CN #in uF\n", + "#Capacitance of each core to neutral\n", + "CN=2*CN_1 #in uF\n", + "#Charging current per phase\n", + "I=2*pi*f*VP*1000*CN*10**-6 #in Ampere\n", + "print \"Charging current per phase = %0.2f A\" %round(I)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Charging current per phase = 36.00 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 8.7 - page 225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import pi, sqrt\n", + "#given data\n", + "l=10 #in Km\n", + "C=0.3 #in uF\n", + "V=22 #in KV\n", + "VP=V/sqrt(3) #in KV\n", + "VP=VP*1000 #in Volt\n", + "f=50 #in Hz\n", + "Capacitance=C*l #in uF\n", + "CN=2*Capacitance #in uF\n", + "KVA_Taken=3*VP*2*pi*f*VP*CN*10/1000 #in KVA\n", + "print \"KVA taken by the 10 Km cable = %0.3e KVA\" %KVA_Taken" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "KVA taken by the 10 Km cable = 9.123e+09 KVA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 8.8 - page 225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#given data\n", + "P=10 #in Ohm\n", + "Q=80 #in Ohm\n", + "S2=3400 #in Ohm\n", + "S1=2400 #in Ohm\n", + "X=P*(S2-S1)/(P+Q) #in Ohm\n", + "LoopResistance=P*S2/Q #in Ohm\n", + "ResistancePerKm=LoopResistance/10 #in Ohm\n", + "Distance=X/ResistancePerKm #in Km\n", + "print \"Distance of fault from testing end = %0.3f Km\" %Distance" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Distance of fault from testing end = 2.614 Km\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exa 8.9 - page 226" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#given data\n", + "Resistance=1.6 #in ohm/Km\n", + "l=1000 #in meter\n", + "PbyQ=3 #unitless\n", + "PplusQbyQ=4 #unitless\n", + "LoopResistance=(Resistance/1000)*2*l #in Ohm\n", + "X=(1/PplusQbyQ)*LoopResistance #in Ohm\n", + "Distance=X/(Resistance/1000) #in meter\n", + "print \"Distance of Fault from testing end = %0.2f meters\" %Distance" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Distance of Fault from testing end = 500.00 meters\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} diff --git a/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter9.ipynb b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter9.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..4eac07db --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Power-i__by_M.L._Anand/Chapter9.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter9 - Substations and earthing" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Problem 9.1 - page 252" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import pi\n", + "#Given Data :\n", + "V=250 #in volt\n", + "f=50 #in Hz\n", + "l=300 #in km\n", + "C_earth=0.03 #in uF\n", + "C=l*C_earth*10**-6 #in F\n", + "XL=1/(3*2*pi*f*C) #in ohm\n", + "print \"Reactance required for the Peterson coil = %.f ohm\" %XL" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Reactance required for the Peterson coil = 118 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} |