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-{
- "cells": [
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "# 11: Magnetic Properties"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example number 1, Page number 11.31"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 1,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "temperature rise is 8.43 K\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "#importing modules\n",
-    "import math\n",
-    "from __future__ import division\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Variable declaration\n",
-    "El=10**-2*50;       #energy loss(J)\n",
-    "H=El*60;      #heat produced(J)\n",
-    "d=7.7*10**3;    #iron rod(kg/m**3)\n",
-    "s=0.462*10**-3;    #specific heat(J/kg K)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Calculation\n",
-    "theta=H/(d*s);     #temperature rise(K)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Result\n",
-    "print \"temperature rise is\",round(theta,2),\"K\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example number 2, Page number 11.31"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 4,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "magnetic field at the centre is 14 weber/m**2\n",
-      "dipole moment is 9 *10**-24 ampere/m**2\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "#importing modules\n",
-    "import math\n",
-    "from __future__ import division\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Variable declaration\n",
-    "e=1.6*10**-19;    #charge(coulomb)\n",
-    "new=6.8*10**15;   #frequency(revolutions per second)\n",
-    "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7;\n",
-    "R=5.1*10**-11;     #radius(m)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Calculation\n",
-    "i=round(e*new,4);          #current(ampere)\n",
-    "B=mew0*i/(2*R);    #magnetic field at the centre(weber/m**2)\n",
-    "A=math.pi*R**2;\n",
-    "d=i*A;       #dipole moment(ampere/m**2)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Result\n",
-    "print \"magnetic field at the centre is\",int(round(B)),\"weber/m**2\"\n",
-    "print \"dipole moment is\",int(round(d*10**24)),\"*10**-24 ampere/m**2\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example number 3, Page number 11.31"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 6,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "intensity of magnetisation is 5 ampere/m\n",
-      "flux density in material is 1.257 weber/m**2\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "#importing modules\n",
-    "import math\n",
-    "from __future__ import division\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Variable declaration\n",
-    "chi=0.5*10**-5;    #magnetic susceptibility\n",
-    "H=10**6;     #field strength(ampere/m)\n",
-    "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7;\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Calculation\n",
-    "I=chi*H;     #intensity of magnetisation(ampere/m)\n",
-    "B=mew0*(I+H);    #flux density in material(weber/m**2)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Result\n",
-    "print \"intensity of magnetisation is\",int(I),\"ampere/m\"\n",
-    "print \"flux density in material is\",round(B,3),\"weber/m**2\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example number 4, Page number 11.31"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 7,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "number of Bohr magnetons is 2.22 bohr magneon/atom\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "#importing modules\n",
-    "import math\n",
-    "from __future__ import division\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Variable declaration\n",
-    "B=9.27*10**-24;      #bohr magneton(ampere m**2)\n",
-    "a=2.86*10**-10;      #edge(m)\n",
-    "Is=1.76*10**6;       #saturation value of magnetisation(ampere/m)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Calculation\n",
-    "N=2/a**3;\n",
-    "mew_bar=Is/N;      #number of Bohr magnetons(ampere m**2)\n",
-    "mew_bar=mew_bar/B;      #number of Bohr magnetons(bohr magneon/atom)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Result\n",
-    "print \"number of Bohr magnetons is\",round(mew_bar,2),\"bohr magneon/atom\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example number 5, Page number 11.32"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 8,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "average magnetic moment is 2.79 *10**-3 bohr magneton/spin\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "#importing modules\n",
-    "import math\n",
-    "from __future__ import division\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Variable declaration\n",
-    "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7;\n",
-    "H=9.27*10**-24;      #bohr magneton(ampere m**2)\n",
-    "beta=10**6;      #field(ampere/m)\n",
-    "k=1.38*10**-23;    #boltzmann constant\n",
-    "T=303;    #temperature(K)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Calculation\n",
-    "mm=mew0*H*beta/(k*T);    #average magnetic moment(bohr magneton/spin)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Result\n",
-    "print \"average magnetic moment is\",round(mm*10**3,2),\"*10**-3 bohr magneton/spin\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example number 6, Page number 11.32"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 11,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "hysteresis loss per cycle is 188 J/m**3\n",
-      "hysteresis loss per second is 9400 watt/m**3\n",
-      "power loss is 1.23 watt/kg\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "#importing modules\n",
-    "import math\n",
-    "from __future__ import division\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Variable declaration\n",
-    "A=94;      #area(m**2)\n",
-    "vy=0.1;    #value of length(weber/m**2)\n",
-    "vx=20;     #value of unit length\n",
-    "n=50;      #number of magnetization cycles\n",
-    "d=7650;    #density(kg/m**3)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Calculation\n",
-    "h=A*vy*vx;     #hysteresis loss per cycle(J/m**3)\n",
-    "hs=h*n;       #hysteresis loss per second(watt/m**3)\n",
-    "pl=hs/d;      #power loss(watt/kg)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Result\n",
-    "print \"hysteresis loss per cycle is\",int(h),\"J/m**3\"\n",
-    "print \"hysteresis loss per second is\",int(hs),\"watt/m**3\"\n",
-    "print \"power loss is\",round(pl,2),\"watt/kg\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example number 8, Page number 11.33"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 13,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "critical field is 33.64 *10**3 ampere/m\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "#importing modules\n",
-    "import math\n",
-    "from __future__ import division\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Variable declaration\n",
-    "H0=64*10**3;         #initial field(ampere/m)\n",
-    "T=5;                 #temperature(K)\n",
-    "Tc=7.26;             #critical temperature(K)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Calculation\n",
-    "H=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2);      #critical field(ampere/m)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#Result\n",
-    "print \"critical field is\",round(H/10**3,2),\"*10**3 ampere/m\""
-   ]
-  }
- ],
- "metadata": {
-  "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "Python 2",
-   "language": "python",
-   "name": "python2"
-  },
-  "language_info": {
-   "codemirror_mode": {
-    "name": "ipython",
-    "version": 2
-   },
-   "file_extension": ".py",
-   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
-   "name": "python",
-   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
-   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
-   "version": "2.7.11"
-  }
- },
- "nbformat": 4,
- "nbformat_minor": 0
-}