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| author | hardythe1 | 2014-07-28 14:01:58 +0530 |
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| committer | hardythe1 | 2014-07-28 14:01:58 +0530 |
| commit | 7876eeaf85f7c020ec1f3530963928cd2bc26a66 (patch) | |
| tree | 67f4da564402aeb9869eaaf6f1e83ec7f1f75aa9 /Material_Science_In_Engineering | |
| parent | 1c1ea29e3e213559fef5f928df109b7d17c21f24 (diff) | |
| download | Python-Textbook-Companions-7876eeaf85f7c020ec1f3530963928cd2bc26a66.tar.gz Python-Textbook-Companions-7876eeaf85f7c020ec1f3530963928cd2bc26a66.tar.bz2 Python-Textbook-Companions-7876eeaf85f7c020ec1f3530963928cd2bc26a66.zip | |
adding book
Diffstat (limited to 'Material_Science_In_Engineering')
24 files changed, 4151 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/README.txt b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/README.txt new file mode 100755 index 00000000..4ad88b95 --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/README.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +Contributed By: Girirajsinh Dodiya +Course: mca +College/Institute/Organization: Freelancing work +Department/Designation: Freelancer +Book Title: Material Science In Engineering +Author: Dr. K. M. Gupta +Publisher: Umesh Publication, New Delhi +Year of publication: 2012 +Isbn: 9789380117249 +Edition: 5
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch10.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch10.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..2d7438c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,234 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 10 : Phase Diagram and Equilibrium Diagram" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.1 pageno : 251" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "c = 2.; \t\t\t#for 2 component system\n", + "p = 4.;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "d = c-p+2;\t\t\t#degree of freedom\n", + "t = p*(c-1)+2;\t\t\t#no. of total variables\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"D = C-P+2\"\n", + "print \"Total no. of variables = P*(C-1)+2\"\n", + "print \"Degree of freedom = \",d\n", + "print \"when p = \",p\n", + "print \"Two component system cannot have more than 4 phases in an equilibrium\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "D = C-P+2\n", + "Total no. of variables = P*(C-1)+2\n", + "Degree of freedom = 0.0\n", + "when p = 4.0\n", + "Two component system cannot have more than 4 phases in an equilibrium\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.2 page no : 257" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p_pb = 11364.1; \t \t\t#density of lead in kg/m**3\n", + "p_sn = 7220.14;\t \t \t#density of tin in kg/m**3\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "p_e = 100./((38./p_pb)+(62./p_sn));\t\t\t#density of eutectic composition at point D\n", + "w = .88*p_e;\t \t\t#in kgf\n", + "w_pb = .38*w;\t\t \t#of lead in kgf\n", + "w_sn = .62*w;\t\t\t #of tin in kgf\n", + "p_b = 7300.; \t\t#density in beta phase in kg/m**3\n", + "w1 = .12*p_b;\t\t \t#in kgf\n", + "w1_pb = .03*w1;\t\t\t #of lead in kgf\n", + "w1_sn = .97*w1;\t\t\t #of tin in kgf\n", + "w2_pb = w_pb+w1_pb;\t\t\t#Total weight of lead in kgf\n", + "w2_sn = w_sn+w1_sn;\t\t\t#Total weight of tin in kgf\n", + "sn = (w2_sn/(w2_sn+w2_pb))*100;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Density of eutectic composition at point D (in kg/m3) = %.1f kg/m**3\"%p_e\n", + "print \"Total weight of lead (in kgf) = %.2f kgf\"%w2_pb\n", + "print \"Total weight of tin (in kgf) = %.1f kgf\"%w2_sn\n", + "print \"%% of Sn = %.2f\"%sn\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Density of eutectic composition at point D (in kg/m3) = 8381.6 kg/m**3\n", + "Total weight of lead (in kgf) = 2829.07 kgf\n", + "Total weight of tin (in kgf) = 5422.7 kgf\n", + "% of Sn = 65.72\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.4 pageno : 266" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "c_be = 100;\n", + "c_e = 1.65;\n", + "c_o = 10;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "w = (c_be-c_o)/(c_be-c_e);\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"weight fractions = %.3f\"%w\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "weight fractions = 0.915\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.5 pageno : 267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "#m be amount of tin\n", + "w_sn = 900.;\t \t\t#weight of tin\n", + "w_pb = 1000.;\t\t \t#weight of lead\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "m = ((w_pb*0.97)-w_sn)/(1-.97);\t\t\t#in grams\n", + "m1 = m/1000.;\t\t\t #maximum mass of tin in kgm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Maximum weight of tin that can be added without changing systems temperature (in kgm) = %.2f kg\"%m1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Maximum weight of tin that can be added without changing systems temperature (in kgm) = 2.33 kg\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.6 page no : 270" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "c = 0.83;\t\t\t#carbon\n", + "f = 0.; \t\t\t#ferrite\n", + "ce = 6.67;\t\t\t#cementite\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "w_a = (ce-c)/(ce-f);\n", + "w_b = (c-f)/(ce-f);\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Weight fraction of errite = %.3f\"%w_a\n", + "print \"Weight Fraction of Cementite = %.3f\"%w_b\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Weight fraction of errite = 0.876\n", + "Weight Fraction of Cementite = 0.124\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch12.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch12.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..fb6de32d --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch12.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 12 : Heat Treatment" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.1 page no : 304" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "n_bcc = 1./2;\n", + "n_fcc = 1./4;\n", + "r_fcc = 1.26;\t\t\t#in Angstorm\n", + "r_bcc = 1.24;\t\t\t#in Angstorm\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a_bcc = 4.*r_bcc/math.sqrt(3);\t\t\t#in Angstorm\n", + "a_fcc = 2.*math.sqrt(2)*r_fcc;\t\t\t#in Angstorm\n", + "v_fcc = a_fcc**3;\n", + "v_bcc = a_bcc**3;\n", + "v = 100*((n_fcc*v_fcc)-(n_bcc*v_bcc))/(n_fcc*v_fcc);\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Percentage change in volume = %.3f\"%v\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Percentage change in volume = -3.764\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.3 pageno : 317" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "e = 51.;\t\t\t#Young modulous in GPa\n", + "v = 0.22;\t\t\t#poisson ratio\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "g = e/(2*(1-v));\t\t\t#shear modulous in GPa\n", + "b = 2*10.**-10;\n", + "ue = (1./2)*g*10**9*b**2*10**12;\t\t\t#in J/m**3\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Change in free energy during recrysatllization (in J/m**3) = %.1f J/m**3\"%ue\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Change in free energy during recrysatllization (in J/m**3) = 653.8 J/m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.5 pageno : 329" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "g = 41.*10**9;\t\t\t#in N/m**2\n", + "b = 0.64*10**-9;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "l = 20.*10**-6;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "t = g*b/l;\t\t\t#in N/m**2\n", + "T = t*10.**-6;\t\t\t#in MPa\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Contribution of these particles (in MPa) = %.3f MPa\"%T\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Contribution of these particles (in MPa) = 1.312 MPa\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch14.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch14.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..14bec84f --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch14.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,344 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 14 : Magnetic Properties and Materials" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.1 pageno : 358" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "x = 1500.;\t\t\t#susceptibility\n", + "h = 2400.;\t\t\t#mafnetic field in A/m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "u_r = 1+x;\n", + "m = x*h;\t\t\t #in A/m\n", + "u_0 = 4*3.14*10**-7;\n", + "b = u_0*u_r*h;\t\t\t#in T\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"relative permeability = \",u_r\n", + "print \"Intensity of magnetisation (in A/m)\",m\n", + "print \"Remanance (in T) = \",b\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "relative permeability = 1501.0\n", + "Intensity of magnetisation (in A/m) 3600000.0\n", + "Remanance (in T) = 4.5246144\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.2 page no : 368" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "w = 80. + 80;\t\t\t#width of loop in A/m from graph\n", + "h = 0.15 + .15;\t\t\t#height of loop in Wb/sqm\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a = w*h;\t\t\t #area of the loop in J\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Hysteresis energy loss per unit volume of magnetic material during one cycle (in J) = %d J\"%a\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Hysteresis energy loss per unit volume of magnetic material during one cycle (in J) = 48 J\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.3 pageno : 370" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "a = 600.;\t\t\t#loop area in J/sqm\n", + "f = 50.;\t\t\t#in Hz\n", + "v = 0.01\t\t\t#volume in cu. m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "w = a*f*v;\t\t\t#in W\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Power loss due to Hysteresis (in W) = %.f watt\"%w\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power loss due to Hysteresis (in W) = 300 watt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.4 pageno : 370" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "w_h1 = 300.; # hysteresis loss\n", + "b_1 = 0.9; # max. flux density\n", + "\n", + "y = b_1**1.7;\n", + "b_2 = 1.1; #raised flux density(Wb/m^2)\n", + "x = b_2**1.7;\n", + "f1 = 50*10**-7; #frequency(Hz)\n", + "f2 = 40*10**-7; #frequency(Hz)\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "w_h2 = (w_h1*x*f2)/(y*f1);\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Loss at 40 Hz (in W) = %.f W\"%w_h2\n", + "\n", + "# Note : Answer in book is wrong. Please calculate manually." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Loss at 40 Hz (in W) = 338 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.5 pageno : 376" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "m = 6000.; # megnetization\n", + "u_r = 200000.; # relative permeability\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "x = u_r-1;\n", + "h = m/x;\n", + "u_0 = 4*3.14*10**-7;\n", + "b = u_0*u_r*h;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Magnetic strength (in T) = %.5f tesla\"%b\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Magnetic strength (in T) = 0.00754 tesla\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.6 pageno : 376" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 9.27*10**-24;\t\t\t#Bohr Magneton in A/sqm\n", + "m = 0.6*b;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a = 0.35*10**-9;\n", + "n = 4.;\t\t\t#FCC\n", + "m_g = n*m/a**3;\t\t\t#in A/m\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Saturation Magnetisation (in A/m) = %.2e A/m\"%m_g\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Saturation Magnetisation (in A/m) = 5.19e+05 A/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.9 page no : 381" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "f = 50.;\t\t\t#in Hz\n", + "L = 100.;\t\t\t#Eddy current loss in transformer in W\n", + "f1 = 60.;\t\t\t#in Hz\n", + "f2 = 100;\t\t\t#in Hz\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "w_e = L*(f1/f)**2;\t\t\t#in W\n", + "w_ee = L*(f2/f)**2;\t\t\t#in W\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Eddy current loss at 60 Hz (in W) = %.1f W\"%w_e\n", + "print \"Eddy current loss at 100 Hz (in W) = %.1f W\"%w_ee\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Eddy current loss at 60 Hz (in W) = 144.0 W\n", + "Eddy current loss at 100 Hz (in W) = 400.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.13 pageno : 382" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = .25;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "n = 400.;\t\t\t#turns\n", + "i = 15.;\t\t\t#in A\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "u_0 = 1.257*10**-6;\t\t\t#in H/m\n", + "h = n*i/l;\t\t\t#in AT/m\n", + "u_r = 1;\t\t\t#relative permeability\n", + "b = u_0*u_r*h;\t\t\t#in wB/sqm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Magnetic field strength (in AT/m) = %.1f AT/m\"%h\n", + "print \"Flux density (in Wb/sq m) = %.2f Wb/m**2\"%b\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Magnetic field strength (in AT/m) = 24000.0 AT/m\n", + "Flux density (in Wb/sq m) = 0.03 Wb/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch15.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch15.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..ef9c8eba --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch15.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,489 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 15 : Electric Properties" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.1 pageno : 391" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "v = 230.;\t\t\t#in volts\n", + "d = 0.005;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "E = -v/d;\t\t\t#in V/m\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Electric field between pair of conducting plates (in V/m) = \",E\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Electric field between pair of conducting plates (in V/m) = -46000.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.2 pageno : 391" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "n = 10.**19;\t\t\t#no. of electrons per unit volume\n", + "e = 1.602*10**-19;\t\t\t#charge of an electron in C\n", + "a = 0.018;\t\t\t#conductivity in ohm/m\n", + "m = 9.1*10**-31;\t\t\t#mass of an electron in kg\n", + "v = 0.16;\t\t\t#in volts\n", + "t = 0.29;\t\t\t#thickness in mm\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "efg = v/t;\t\t\t#electric field gradient in V/m\n", + "vd = a*efg/(n*e);\n", + "vd1 = 10**3*vd;\t\t\t#in m/s\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Drift Velocity (in m/sec) = %.3f m/s\"%vd1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Drift Velocity (in m/sec) = 6.199 m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.3 pageno : 399" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = 200.; \t \t\t#in m\n", + "r = 21.;\t \t \t#in ohm\n", + "d = 0.44*10**-3;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a = 3.14*(d/2)**2;\t\t\t#area in sq m\n", + "p = r*a/l;\t\t\t#in ohm-m\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Specific Resistance (in ohm-m) = %.3e ohm-m\"%p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Specific Resistance (in ohm-m) = 1.596e-08 ohm-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.4 pageno : 400" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p_cu = 0.015*10**-6;\t\t\t#resistivity of copper in ohm-m\n", + "p_ni = 0.012*10**-6;\t\t\t#resistivity of nickel in ohm-m\n", + "p_ag = 0.016*10**-6;\t\t\t#resistivity of silver in ohm-m\n", + "c1 = 0.25;\t\t\t#atomic % of nickel\n", + "c2 = 0.4;\t\t\t#atomic % of silver\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "p = p_cu+(c1*p_ni)+(c2*p_ag);\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Resistivity of Cu-Ni-Ag alloy at 300 K (in ohm-m) = %.2e ohm m\"%p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resistivity of Cu-Ni-Ag alloy at 300 K (in ohm-m) = 2.44e-08 ohm m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.5 pageno : 407" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "m = 0.14;\t\t\t#mobility of electron\n", + "u_h = 0.05;\t\t\t#mobility of holes\n", + "p = 3000.;\t\t\t#resistivity in ohm-m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "e = 1.602*10**-19;\t\t\t#charge of an electron in C\n", + "a = 1./p;\t\t\t#conductivity \n", + "n = a/(e*(m+u_h));\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Intrinsic Carrier density in pure silicon (in per cu m) = %.3e m**3\"%n\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Intrinsic Carrier density in pure silicon (in per cu m) = 1.095e+16 m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.6 pageno : 410" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "id = 1000.;\t\t\t#in A/sqm\n", + "p = 0.05;\t\t\t#resistivity in ohm-m\n", + "l = 100.*10**-6;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "m_e = 0.4;\t\t\t#in sqm/Vsec\n", + "e = 1.602*10**-19;\t\t\t#charge of electron in C\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a = 1./p;\t\t\t#conductivity\n", + "n_e = a/(e*m_e);\t\t\t#in per cubic m\n", + "v_d = id/(n_e*e);\t\t\t#in m/s\n", + "t = l/v_d;\t\t\t#in sec\n", + "t1 = t*10**6;\t\t\t#in msec\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Drift Velocity (in m/s) = %.f m/s\"%v_d\n", + "print \"Time taken by electrons (in msec) = %.f ms\"%t1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Drift Velocity (in m/s) = 20 m/s\n", + "Time taken by electrons (in msec) = 5 ms\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.7 pageno : 410" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 1.*10**-3;\t \t\t#diameter in m\n", + "a = 3.14*(d/2)**2;\t\t\t#area of cross section of rod in sq m\n", + "r = 100.;\t\t\t #in ohm\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "l = 10.*10**-3;\t\t\t #in m\n", + "p = a*r/l;\t\t\t #in ohm-m\n", + "c = 1./p;\t \t\t#conductivity\n", + "e = 1.602*10**-19;\t\t\t#charge of electron in C\n", + "u_h = 0.19;\t\t\t #mobility of holes in sqm/Vsec\n", + "n_h = c/(e*u_h);\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Impurity concentration in rod (in per cubic m) = %.2e m**3\"%n_h\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Impurity concentration in rod (in per cubic m) = 4.19e+21 m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.8 pageno : 413" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "ni = 1.5*10**16;\t\t\t#intrinsic carrier concentration per cu. m\n", + "n = 10**19;\t\t\t#no. of conduction electrons in per cu. m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "p = ni**2/n;\t\t\t#in per cu.m\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Conduction electron and hole density (per cubic m) = %.2e m**3\"%p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Conduction electron and hole density (per cubic m) = 2.25e+13 m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.9 pageno : 413" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "nd = 10.**17;\t\t\t#in per cu cm\n", + "ni = 1.5*10**10;\t\t\t#in cu cm\n", + "t = 300;\t\t\t#in K\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "ne = nd;\t\t\t#nd>>ni\n", + "nh = ni**2/ne;\n", + "e = 0.0259*math.log(ne/ni);\t\t\t#in eV\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Hole concentration (in per cubic cm) = %.2e /cm**3\"%nh\n", + "print \"Location of Fermi Level (in eV) = %.3f eV\"%e\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Hole concentration (in per cubic cm) = 2.25e+03 /cm**3\n", + "Location of Fermi Level (in eV) = 0.407 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.10 pageno : 423" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 40000.;\t\t\t #dielectric strength in V/mm\n", + "v = 33*10.**3;\t\t\t#in volts\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "t = v/d;\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"thickness of insulation (in mm) = %.3f m m\"%t\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "thickness of insulation (in mm) = 0.825 m m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.14 page no : 424" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Calculation\n", + "\n", + "T = 0.0464*10**5/2.9444\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print \"Temperature T = %.1f K\"%T" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Temperature T = 1575.9 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.16 pageno : 425" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "c = 2.99*10**8;\t\t \t#speed of light in m/s\n", + "h = 6.62*10**-24;\t\t\t#planck's constant\n", + "l = 1.771*10**-6 #wavelength in m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "eg = (h*c)/l;\t \t\t#in J\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Band gap energy (in J) = %.2e Joules\"%eg\n", + "#Incorrect answer int the textbook. Please calculate manually" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Band gap energy (in J) = 1.12e-09 Joules\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch16.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch16.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..7ccccce9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch16.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,313 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 16 : Superconductivity and Superconductors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 16.1 page no : 431" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 0;\n", + "#m = -h\n", + "#m = x*h\n", + "# = = >> -h = x*h\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "x = -1;\t\t\t#from above realtions\n", + "ur = x+1;\t\t\t#relative permeability\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Susceptibility of superconductor = \",x\n", + "print \"Relative permeability of superconductor = \",ur\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Susceptibility of superconductor = -1\n", + "Relative permeability of superconductor = 0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 16.2 pageno : 434" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "ho = 0.0803;\t\t\t#in A/m\n", + "t1 = 3.; \t\t\t#in K\n", + "t2 = 10.;\t \t\t#in k\n", + "tc = 7.17;\t\t \t#in K\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "hc1 = ho*(1-(t1/tc)**2);\n", + "hc2 = ho*(1-(t2/tc)**2);\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Critical field at 3K (in A/m) = %f A/m\"%hc1\n", + "print \"Critical field at 10K (in A/m) = %.4f A/m\"%hc2\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Critical field at 3K (in A/m) = 0.066242 A/m\n", + "Critical field at 10K (in A/m) = -0.0759 A/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 16.3 pageno : 434" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "r = 1.*10**-3;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "hc = 7.9*10**3;\t\t\t#in A/m\n", + "ic = 2.*3.14*r*hc;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Critical current in superconducting state (in A) = %.2f A\"%ic\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Critical current in superconducting state (in A) = 49.61 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 16.4 pageno : 441" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p = 11.4*10**3;\t\t\t#in kg/m**3\n", + "aw = 207.2;\t\t\t#in kg/kg-mol\n", + "v = 1200.;\t\t\t#in m/s\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "na = 60.23*10**26;\t\t\t#avagadro's no\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19;\t\t\t#charge in C\n", + "m = 9.1*10**-31;\t\t\t#mass of electron in kg\n", + "mo = 4*3.14*10**-7;\t\t\t#in H/m\n", + "ne = 2*p*na/aw;\t\t\t#in per m**3\n", + "ied = ne*e*v;\t\t\t#in A/m**2\n", + "dp = (m/(mo*(6.62*10**28)*(e**2)))**(1./2);\n", + "dp1 = round(dp*10**10,-1);\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Electron density (in per m**3) = %.2e electron/m**3\"%ne\n", + "print \"Current density (in A/m**2) = %.2e A/m**2\"%ied\n", + "print \"Depth of penetration (in angstorm) = %.1f A\"%dp1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Electron density (in per m**3) = 6.63e+29 electron/m**3\n", + "Current density (in A/m**2) = 1.27e+14 A/m**2\n", + "Depth of penetration (in angstorm) = 210.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 16.9 page no : 446" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "ho = 65.*10**3;\t\t\t#in A/m\n", + "tc = 7.18;\t\t\t#in K\n", + "t = 4.2;\t\t\t#in K\n", + "r = 0.5*10**-3;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "hc = ho*(1-(t/tc)**2);\t\t\t#in A/m\n", + "ic = 2*3.14*r*hc; \t\t\t#in A\n", + "a = 3.14*r**2;\t\t \t#area in m**2\n", + "j = ic/a;\t\t\t #in A/m**2\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"current density (in A/m**2) = %.2e A/m**2\"%j\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current density (in A/m**2) = 1.71e+08 A/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 16.10 page no : 446" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "hc1 = 21.;\t\t\t#in A/m\n", + "hc2 = 10.;\t\t\t#in A/m\n", + "tc = 7.;\t\t\t#in K\n", + "t = 14.;\t\t\t#in K\n", + "h = hc1/hc2;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#Determining critical temperature\n", + "tc1 = math.sqrt(3626./11);\t\t\t#by quadratic eqn in the example\n", + "ho = hc1/(1-(tc**2/tc1**2));\n", + "t = 4.2;\t\t\t#in k\n", + "hc = ho*(1-(t/tc1)**2);\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Critical field at 0 K (in A/m) = %.2f A/m\"%ho\n", + "print \"Critical field At 4.2 k (in A/m) = %.3f A/m\"%hc\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Critical field at 0 K (in A/m) = 24.67 A/m\n", + "Critical field At 4.2 k (in A/m) = 23.347 A/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 16.11 page no : 447" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# part (b)\n", + "# Variables\n", + "m = 39.6 # materials\n", + "Tc = 7.19 # K\n", + "\n", + "# Calculation\n", + "dp = math.sqrt(m**2 * (1 - 3**4/Tc**4))\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Depth of penetration at absolute zero dp(0) = %.3f nm\"%dp" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Depth of penetration at absolute zero dp(0) = 38.995 nm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch17.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch17.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..87b2a98d --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch17.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 17 : Ceramics and Plastics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 17.1 pageno : 467" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "mc = 12.;\t\t\t#mol wt of carbon\n", + "mh = 1.;\t\t\t#mol wt of hydrogen\n", + "m = 8.*(mc+mh);\t\t\t#mol wt of C8H8\n", + "DOP = 10000.;\t\t\t#degree of polarization , given\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "mp = DOP*m;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Molecualr weight of Styrene polymer = %.2e \"%mp\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Molecualr weight of Styrene polymer = 1.04e+06 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 17.2 pageno : 468" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "DOP = 100000.;\n", + "mc = 12.;\t\t\t#mol wt of carbon\n", + "mf = 19.;\t\t\t#mol wt of fluorine\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "m = (2*mc)+(4*mf);\t\t\t#mol wt of teflon monomer\n", + "mp = DOP*m;\n", + "mh = 1.;\t\t\t#mol wt of hydrogen\n", + "m1 = (2*mc)+(4*mh);\t\t\t#mol wt of polyethylene\n", + "#for same DOP\n", + "x = m/m1;\t\t\t#ratio of molecular weights\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Molecualr weight of Teflon polymer = %e\"%mp\n", + "print \"Ratio of molecualr weights of Teflon and Polyethylene = %.2f\"%x\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Molecualr weight of Teflon polymer = 1.000000e+07\n", + "Ratio of molecualr weights of Teflon and Polyethylene = 3.57\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch19.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch19.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..c548a0e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch19.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,223 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chatper 19 : Composite Materials" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 19.1 pageno : 507" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "t_s = 3.;\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "t_c = 24.;\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "b = 100.;\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "d = (t_s+t_c)/2;\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "is_ = ((b*t_s**3)/12)+(b*t_s*d**2);\t\t\t#in mm**4\n", + "ic = b*t_c**3/12 \t\t\t#in mm**4\n", + "Es = 7000.; \t\t\t #moduli of polyester skin in N/mm**2\n", + "m_f = 20.; \t\t\t #moduli of foam core in N/mm**2\n", + "d_fr = (2*Es*is_)+(m_f*ic);\t\t\t #in N/mm**2\n", + "\n", + "Ts = 6\n", + "D_s = (Es*b*Ts**2)/12\n", + "c = d_fr/D_s\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Flexural rigidity (in N/sqm) = %.2e\"%d_fr\n", + "print \"Ds = %.1e N mm**2\"%D_s\n", + "print \"Flexural rigidity of sandwich beam is %d times more\"%c\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Note : answer in book is wrong for D_s please check manually." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Flexural rigidity (in N/sqm) = 7.71e+08\n", + "Ds = 2.1e+06 N mm**2\n", + "Flexural rigidity of sandwich beam is 367 times more\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 19.2 page no : 520" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "ec = 210.;\t\t\t#in GPa\n", + "ea = 71.;\t\t\t#in GPa\n", + "eb = 440.;\t\t\t#in GPa\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "va = (ec-eb)/(ea-eb);\n", + "vb = 1-va;\n", + "c = vb/va;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Volume ratio = %.2f\"%c\n", + "\n", + "# note : answer in book is wrong . please calculate manually.\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Volume ratio = 0.60\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 19.3 pageno : 521" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "ef = 430.;\t\t\t#in GPa\n", + "e = 3.6;\t\t\t#in GPa\n", + "m = ef/e;\n", + "vf = 0.15;\t\t\t#by volume\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "vm = 1-vf;\n", + "x = vm/vf;\n", + "pf = m;\n", + "pc = m+x;\n", + "y = pf/pc;\n", + "vf1 = 0.65\n", + "vm1 = 1-vf1;\n", + "z = vm1/vf1;\n", + "pc1 = m+z;\n", + "zz = pf/pc1;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"fraction of load carried by fibres (15 %% by volume) = %.2f\"%y\n", + "print \"fraction of load carried by fibres (65 %% by volume) = %.4f\"%zz\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "fraction of load carried by fibres (15 % by volume) = 0.95\n", + "fraction of load carried by fibres (65 % by volume) = 0.9955\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 19.4 page no : 522" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "vf = 0.65;\n", + "vm = 1-vf;\n", + "kts = 2.8; \t\t\t#in Gpa\n", + "ets = 0.0025;\t\t\t#in GPa\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "ac = (kts*vf)+(ets*vm);\t\t\t#in GPa\n", + "print \"Longitudinal Strength (in GPa) = %.2f\"%ac\n", + "\n", + "ktm = 130.;\t\t\t#in GPa\n", + "etm = 3.5;\t\t\t#in GPa\n", + "ec = (ktm*vf)+(etm*vm);\n", + "print \"Longitudianl Modulous (in GPa) = %.2f\"%ec\n", + "\n", + "e_c = 1/((vf/ktm)+(vm/etm));\n", + "print \"Transverse Modulous (in GPa) = %.2f\"%e_c\n", + "\n", + "kp = 0.34;\t\t\t#in GPa\n", + "ep = 0.36;\t\t\t#in GPa\n", + "vlt = (vf*kp)+(vm*vm);\n", + "print \"Poissons Ratio = \",vlt\n", + "\n", + "glt = 1./((vf/2.2)+(vm/1.2));\t\t\t#in GPa\n", + "print \"Shear Modulous (in GPa) = %.2f\"%glt\n", + "\n", + "# note: answer in book is wrong for part a. please calculate manually.\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Longitudinal Strength (in GPa) = 1.82\n", + "Longitudianl Modulous (in GPa) = 85.72\n", + "Transverse Modulous (in GPa) = 9.52\n", + "Poissons Ratio = 0.3435\n", + "Shear Modulous (in GPa) = 1.70\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch2.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..3ee92690 --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,316 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 2 : Review of Atomic concepts, Atomic Models, and Periodic Table" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.1 page no : 21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "a1 = 1.0078;\t\t\t#atomic weight of H-1\n", + "a2 = 2.0143;\t\t\t#atomic weight of H-2\n", + "p1 = 99.985;\t\t\t#% of H-1\n", + "p2 = .015; \t\t\t#% of H-2\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a = ((a1*p1)+(a2*p2))/100\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Average atomic weight of Hydrogen = %.3f\"%a\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Average atomic weight of Hydrogen = 1.008\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.2 page no : 24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "z = 79.; \t\t\t#atomic no. of gold\n", + "e = 7.68*1.6*10**-13;\t\t\t#ke in J\n", + "e_c = 1.6*10**-19;\t \t\t#charge of electron in C\n", + "e_0 = 8.854*10**-12;\t\t\t#permittivity F/m\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "d = (2*e_c**2*z)/(4*3.14*e_0*e);\t\t\t#distance in m\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"distance (in m) = %.2e m\"%d\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "distance (in m) = 2.96e-14 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.3 pageno : 24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "n = 44.;\t\t\t#no. of particles scattered per minute\n", + "a = 90.;\t\t\t#angle in degrees\n", + "b = 75.;\t\t\t#angle in degrees\n", + "d = 135.;\t\t\t#angle in degrees\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "x = math.sin(math.radians(a/2));\n", + "c = n*x**4;\n", + "y = math.sin(math.radians(b/2));\n", + "n1 = c/y**4;\n", + "z = math.sin(math.radians(d/2));\n", + "n2 = c/z**4;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Proportionality constant = \",c\n", + "print \"No. of particles scattered at 75 degree (in per minute) = %d\"%n1\n", + "print \"No. of particles scattered at 135 degree (in per minute) = %d\"%n2\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Proportionality constant = 11.0\n", + "No. of particles scattered at 75 degree (in per minute) = 80\n", + "No. of particles scattered at 135 degree (in per minute) = 15\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.4 pageno : 28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "n = 1. \t\t\t#first orbit\n", + "e_0 = 8.85*10**-12;\t\t\t#permittivity in freee space\n", + "h = 6.62*10**-34;\t\t\t#planck's consmath.tant\n", + "m = 9.1*10**-31;\t\t\t#mass of an electron in kg\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19;\t\t\t#charge of an electron in C\n", + "z = 1.;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "r = n**2*e_0*h**2/(3.14*m*e**2*z);\t\t\t#radius of first orbit in m\n", + "r1 = r*10.**10;\t\t\t #radius in Angstorm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Radius of first orbit of electron in Hydrogen atom (in Angstorm) = %.2f A\"%r1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Radius of first orbit of electron in Hydrogen atom (in Angstorm) = 0.53 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.5 pageno : 28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "e_0 = 8.85*10**-12;\t\t\t#permittivity in freee space in sqC/N/sqm\n", + "h = 6.62*10**-34;\t\t\t#planck's constant in Js\n", + "m = 9.1*10**-31;\t\t\t#mass of an electron in kg\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19;\t\t\t#charge of an electron in C\n", + "z = 1.;\t \t\t#for hydrogen\n", + "n = 1.;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "e = m*z**2*e**4/(8*e_0**2*h**2*n**2);\t\t\t#ionisation energy in J\n", + "e1 = e/(1.602*10**-19);\t\t\t #in eV\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Ionisation Energy (in J) = %.2e J\"%e\n", + "print \"Ionisation Energy (in eV) = %.1f V\"%e1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Ionisation Energy (in J) = 2.17e-18 J\n", + "Ionisation Energy (in eV) = 13.6 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.6 page no : 32" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "n = 4.; \t\t\t#fourth orbit\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a = (0+1)/n;\t\t\t#for s suborbit\n", + "b = (1+1)/n;\t\t\t#for p suborbit\n", + "c = (2+1)/n;\t\t\t#for d suborbit\n", + "d = (3+1)/n;\t\t\t#for f suborbit\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"For s suborbit b/a = \",a,\"a\"\n", + "print \"For p suborbit b/a = \",b,\"a\"\n", + "print \"For d suborbit b/a = \",c,\"a\"\n", + "print \"For f suborbit b/a = \",d,\"a\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "For s suborbit b/a = 0.25 a\n", + "For p suborbit b/a = 0.5 a\n", + "For d suborbit b/a = 0.75 a\n", + "For f suborbit b/a = 1.0 a\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.7 pageno : 33" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "h = 6.62*10**-34;\t\t\t#planck's constant in Js\n", + "p = 10**-27;\t\t\t#uncertainity in momentum in kg m/s\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "x = h/(2*3.14*p);\t\t\t#uncertainity in position in m\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Minimum Uncertainity in Position (in m) = %.3e\"%x\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Minimum Uncertainity in Position (in m) = 1.054e-07\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch20.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch20.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..558f322d --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch20.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 20 : Performance of Materials in Service ( Fracture, Fatigue, and Corrosion and its Control)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 20.1 page no : 537" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = 1.5*10**-6;\t\t\t#crack length in m\n", + "e = 70*10**9;\t\t\t#Young's modulous in N/m**2\n", + "y_e = 1.05;\t\t\t#specific surface energy in j/m**2\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a_f = math.sqrt((2*y_e*e)/(3.14*l));\n", + "a_f1 = a_f*10**-6;\t\t\t#in MPa\n", + "r = a_f/e;\t\t\t#ratio\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Fracture strength (in MPa) = %.2f\"%a_f1\n", + "print \"Ratio of fracture strength to Youngs modulous = %.2e\"%r\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Fracture strength (in MPa) = 176.66\n", + "Ratio of fracture strength to Youngs modulous = 2.52e-03\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 20.2 pageno : 547" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "#Variables\n", + "m_m = 58.71;\t\t\t#molecular weight of ni\n", + "m_c = 74.71;\t\t\t#molecular weight of nio\n", + "p_m = 8900;\t\t\t#density of ni in kg/m**3\n", + "p_c = 7080;\t\t\t#desity of nio in kg/m**3\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations & Reults\n", + "x = m_m/p_m;\t\t\t#molar volume of ni in m**3/mol\n", + "print \"Mc/Pc (in m**3/mol) %.2e m**3/mol\"%x\n", + "y = m_c/p_c;\t\t\t#molar volume of nio in m**3/mol\n", + "print \"Mm/Pm (in m**3/mol) %.2e m**3/mol\"%y\n", + "print \" Mc/Pc > Mm/Pm Hence protective layer of NiO will form over Ni \";\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Mc/Pc (in m**3/mol) 6.60e-03 m**3/mol\n", + "Mm/Pm (in m**3/mol) 1.06e-02 m**3/mol\n", + " Mc/Pc > Mm/Pm Hence protective layer of NiO will form over Ni \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 20.3 pageno : 548" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "x1 = 0.1;\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "t1 = 25.;\t\t\t#in hours\n", + "t2 = 300.;\t\t\t#in hours\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "x2 = x1*math.sqrt(t2/t1);\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Oxidation loss in 300 hours (in mm) = %.3f mm\"%x2\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Oxidation loss in 300 hours (in mm) = 0.346 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 20.4 pageno : 551" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p_mg = 1.74;\t\t\t#density of magnesium in gm/cm**3\n", + "p_mgo = 3.65;\t\t\t#density of magnesium oxide in gm/cm**3\n", + "m_mg = 24.;\t\t\t#mol wt ogf mg\n", + "m_mgo = 40.3;\t\t\t#mol wt of mgo\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "PBR = (m_mgo/p_mgo)/(m_mg/p_mg);\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"PBR = %.2f\"%PBR\n", + "print \"Since PBR < 1. So porous film will form which will be non protective\";\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "PBR = 0.80\n", + "Since PBR < 1. So porous film will form which will be non protective\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 20.5 pageno : 562" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "m = 0.0243;\t\t\t#one mole of magnesium in kg\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "c = 2.*96490;\t\t\t#in C\n", + "j = 20.*10**-3;\t\t\t#in A/m**2\n", + "t = 15.*365*24*3600;\t\t\t#in sec\n", + "x = j*t; \t\t\t#in A s\n", + "w_mg = m*x/c;\t \t\t#in kg/sqm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Amount of Magnesium needed (in Kg/m**2) = %.2f kg/m**2\"%w_mg\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Amount of Magnesium needed (in Kg/m**2) = 1.19 kg/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch21.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch21.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b1d87105 --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch21.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 21 : Diffusion of Solids" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 21.1 pageno : 577" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "c_cu = 2.*10**13;\t\t\t#concentration of copper in /m**3\n", + "c_al = 4.*10**6;\t\t\t#concn of copper on other side of Al in /m**3\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "t = 3.*10**-3;\t\t \t#thickness in m\n", + "z = (c_cu-c_al)/t;\t\t\t#z = dm/dx,concentration graient\n", + "jx = 10.**21;\t\t \t#outward flux of copperv atoms in /sq m/sec\n", + "d = -jx/z;\t\t\t #diffusivity in sq m/sec\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Diffusivity (in sq m/sec) = %.2e m**2/s\"%d\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Diffusivity (in sq m/sec) = -1.50e+05 m**2/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 21.2 pageno : 583" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "c_n = 12.;\t\t\t#nitrogen concentration in kg/m**3\n", + "t = 6.*10**-3;\t\t\t#thickness in m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "z = (c_n-0)/t;\t\t\t#concentration gradient in kg/m**4\n", + "d0 = 5.*10**-7;\t\t\t#in sqm/sec\n", + "q = 75.*10**3;\t\t\t#in j/mol\n", + "r = 8.314;\t\t\t#in J/mol/K\n", + "t = 400.;\t\t\t#in K\n", + "dx = d0*math.exp(-q/(r*t));\t\t\t#diffusivity in sqm/sec\n", + "jx = dx * 2*10**-3;\t\t\t#rate of flow of nitrogen in kg/sqm/sec\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"concentration gradient (in kg/m4) = %.0e\"%z\n", + "print \"Diffusivity (in sqm/sec) = %.3e m**2/s\"%dx\n", + "print \"Rate at which nitrogen escapes (in kg/sqm/sec) = %.3e kg/m**2/s\"%jx\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "concentration gradient (in kg/m4) = 2e+03\n", + "Diffusivity (in sqm/sec) = 8.028e-17 m**2/s\n", + "Rate at which nitrogen escapes (in kg/sqm/sec) = 1.606e-19 kg/m**2/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 21.4 pageno : 585" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# variables\n", + "z = 8.;\t\t\t#ratio of diffusion in silicon at 1350 C and 1100 C\n", + "x = math.log(z);\n", + "\n", + "# calculations\n", + "q = x/(1.35*10**-5);\t\t\t#activation energy for silver diffusion in J/mol\n", + "q1 = q/1000.;\t \t\t#in kJ/mol\n", + "\n", + "# results\n", + "print \"Activation Energy in Silver diffusion (in kJ/mol) = %d kJ/mol\"%q1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Activation Energy in Silver diffusion (in kJ/mol) = 154 kJ/mol\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch3.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch3.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..9933f0bf --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 3 : Chemical Bonding" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.4 pageno : 59" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "e1 = -13.6;\t\t\t#ionization potential of hydrogen in volts\n", + "n = 3.; \t\t\t#third orbit\n", + "m = 5.; \t\t\t#fifth orbit\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "e3 = e1/(n**2);\t\t\t#Energy of third orbit in volts\n", + "e5 = e1/(m**2);\t\t\t#Energy of fifth orbit in volts\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Energy of third orbit (in volts) = %.2f eV\"%e3\n", + "print \"Energy of fifth orbit (in volts) = %.2f eV\"%e5\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Energy of third orbit (in volts) = -1.51 eV\n", + "Energy of fifth orbit (in volts) = -0.54 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.5 pageno : 61" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.9178;\t\t\t#molecular distance in angstorm\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "d1 = d*10**-10;\t \t\t#in m\n", + "e = 1.602*10**-19;\t\t\t#in C\n", + "dm = e*d1; \t\t\t#dipole moment in fully ionic state in Cm\n", + "dm_m = 6.375*10**-30;\t\t\t#meaured dipole moment in Cm\n", + "p = (dm_m*100)/dm;\t\t\t#Percentage ionic character\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Dipole moment of HF in fully ionic state (in Cm) = %.3e Cm\"%dm\n", + "print \"Percentage ionic character : %.1f %%\"%p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Dipole moment of HF in fully ionic state (in Cm) = 1.470e-29 Cm\n", + "Percentage ionic character : 43.4 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch4.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch4.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..ebcb7af1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,195 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 4 : Crystallography" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.3 page no : 82" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "r_na = 0.98;\t\t\t#ionic radius of sodium in angstorm\n", + "r_cl = 1.81;\t\t\t#ionic radius of chlorine in angstorm\n", + "n = 4.; \t\t\t#in fcc there are 4 Na and 4 Cl ions\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a = ((2*r_na)+(2*r_cl));\t\t\t#latice constant\n", + "apf = ((n*(4./3)*3.14*r_na**3)+(n*(4./3)*3.14*r_cl**3))/a**3;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Lattice consmath.tant = \",a\n", + "print \"atomic packing fraction of NaCl having FCC structure = %.2f\"%apf\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Lattice consmath.tant = 5.58\n", + "atomic packing fraction of NaCl having FCC structure = 0.66\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.4 pageno : 83" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "r = 1.278;\t\t\t#radius of copper in angstorm\n", + "\n", + "#copper has FCC structure\n", + "a = round(4*r/math.sqrt(2),2);\t\t\t#in angstorm\n", + "a1 = a*10**-8;\t\t\t #in cm\n", + "aw = 63.54; \t\t\t#atomic weight of copper\n", + "ne = 4.;\t\t\t #fcc\n", + "na = 6.023*10**23;\t\t\t #Avagadro's no.\n", + "p = aw*ne/(na*a1**3);\t\t\t#in g/cm**3\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"a (in Angstorm) = %.2f A\"%a\n", + "print \"Density of Copper (in gm/cm**3) : %.2f\"%p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a (in Angstorm) = 3.61 A\n", + "Density of Copper (in gm/cm**3) : 8.97\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.5 pageno : 84" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "w_na = 23.; \t\t\t#atomic weight of Na\n", + "w_cl = 35.5;\t\t\t#atomic weight of Cl\n", + "w = w_na+w_cl;\t\t\t#effective no.of atoms in FCC structure\n", + "n = 4.; \t\t\t#FCC\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "na = 6.023*10**23;\t\t\t#Avagadrro's no.\n", + "w_4 = w*n/na;\t\t\t#weight of 4 molecules in gm\n", + "p = 2.18;\t\t\t#density in gm/cm**3\n", + "a3 = (w*n)/(na*p)\n", + "a = a3**(1./3)\n", + "#a = (w_4/p)**(1/3);\t\t\t#in cm\n", + "a1 = a*10**8;\t\t\t#in angstorm\n", + "d = a1/2;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"unit cell dimension (in angstorm) = %.2f A\"%a1\n", + "print \"Distance between two adjacent atoms (in Angstorm) = %.2f A\"%d\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "unit cell dimension (in angstorm) = 5.63 A\n", + "Distance between two adjacent atoms (in Angstorm) = 2.81 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.6 pageno : 84" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "n = 2.; \t\t\t#BCC \n", + "p = 7.86;\t \t\t #density in gm/cm**3\n", + "aw = 55.85;\t\t \t#atomic weight of iron\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "na = 6.023*10**23;\t\t \t#Avagadrro's no.\n", + "a = ((aw*n)/(na*p))**(1./3);\t\t\t#in cm\n", + "a1 = a*10**8;\t \t\t#in angstorm\n", + "r = math.sqrt(3)*a1/4;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"unit cell dimension of iron (in angstorm) = %.2f A\"%a1\n", + "print \"atomic radius = %.3f A\"%r\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "unit cell dimension of iron (in angstorm) = 2.87 A\n", + "atomic radius = 1.242 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch5.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch5.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..701408be --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,384 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 5 : Miller Indices and X-Ray Crystallograph Techniques" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.1 pageno : 96" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p = 1.;\n", + "q = 1./2;\n", + "r = 3.;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "h = 1./p;\n", + "k = 1./q;\n", + "l = 1./r;\n", + "h1 = 3.*h;\n", + "k1 = 3.*k;\n", + "l1 = 3.*l;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"MILLER INDICES OF THE PLANE are h = \",h1\n", + "print \"k = \",k1\n", + "print \"l = \",l1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "MILLER INDICES OF THE PLANE are h = 3.0\n", + "k = 6.0\n", + "l = 1.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.3 pageno : 97" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p = 2./4;\t\t\t#intercepts\n", + "q = 3./3;\n", + "r = 4./2;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "h = 1./p;\n", + "k = 1./q;\n", + "l = 1./r;\n", + "h1 = 2.*h;\n", + "k1 = 2.*k;\n", + "l1 = 2.*l;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"MILLER INDICES ARE \",l1,k1,h1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "MILLER INDICES ARE 1.0 2.0 4.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.5 pageno : 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "r = 1.246;\t\t\t#radius in angstorm\n", + "h = 2.;\n", + "k = 0.;\n", + "l = 0.;\n", + "h1 = 2.;\n", + "k1 = 2.;\n", + "l1 = 0.;\n", + "h2 = 1.;\n", + "k2 = 1.;\n", + "l2 = 1.;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "x = math.sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2);\n", + "a = 2*math.sqrt(2)*r;\t\t\t#in angstorm\n", + "d_200 = a/x;\t\t\t #interplanar spacing in angstorm\n", + "x1 = math.sqrt(h1**2+k1**2+l1**2);\n", + "d_220 = a/x1; \t\t\t#interplanar spacing in angstorm\n", + "x2 = math.sqrt(h2**2+k2**2+l2**2);\n", + "d_111 = a/x2;\t\t \t#interplanar spacing in angstorm\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print \"Interplanar Spacing (200) (in Angstorm) = %.3f A\"%d_200\n", + "print \"Interplanar Spacing (220) (in Angstorm) = %.3f A\"%d_220\n", + "print \"Interplanar Spacing (111) (in Angstorm) = %.3f A\"%d_111\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Interplanar Spacing (200) (in Angstorm) = 1.762 A\n", + "Interplanar Spacing (220) (in Angstorm) = 1.246 A\n", + "Interplanar Spacing (111) (in Angstorm) = 2.035 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.6 pageno : 106" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "a = 3.61*10**-10;\t\t\t#unit cell in m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "r_110 = 2/(math.sqrt(2)*a);\t\t\t#in atoms/m\n", + "r_a = r_110/10**3;\t \t\t#in atoms/mm\n", + "r_111 = 1/(math.sqrt(3)*a);\t\t\t#in atoms/m\n", + "r_b = r_111/10**3;\t\t\t #in atoms/mm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Linear Density per unit length along direction [110] (in atoms/mm) = %.2e atoms/mm\"%r_a\n", + "print \"Linear Density per unit length along direction [111] (in atoms/mm) = %.2e atoms/mm\"%r_b\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Linear Density per unit length along direction [110] (in atoms/mm) = 3.92e+06 atoms/mm\n", + "Linear Density per unit length along direction [111] (in atoms/mm) = 1.60e+06 atoms/mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.7 pageno : 110" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "r_po = 1.7*10**-10;\t\t\t #radius of polonium in m\n", + "r_rh = 1.34*10**-10;\t\t\t#radius of rhodium in m\n", + "r_cr = 1.25*10**-10;\t\t\t#radius of chromium in m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a_po = 2*r_po;\t\t \t#in m\n", + "a_rh = 2*math.sqrt(2)*r_rh;\t\t#in m\n", + "a_cr = 4*r_cr/math.sqrt(3);\n", + "p_po = 1/a_po**2;\t\t\t # /sqm\n", + "p_rh = 1.414/a_rh**2;\t\t\t# /sqm\n", + "p_cr = 1.732/a_cr**2;\t\t\t# /sqm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Planar Density on [100] in Polonium (per sqm) = %.2e /m**2\"%p_po\n", + "print \"Planar Density on [110] in Rhodium (per sqm) = %.2e /m**2\"%p_rh\n", + "print \"Planar Density on [111] in Chromium (per sqm) = %.2e /m**2\"%p_cr\n", + "\n", + "# Note : To check answer , please calculate manually for p_rh" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Planar Density on [100] in Polonium (per sqm) = 8.65e+18 /m**2\n", + "Planar Density on [110] in Rhodium (per sqm) = 9.84e+18 /m**2\n", + "Planar Density on [111] in Chromium (per sqm) = 2.08e+19 /m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.8 pageno : 113" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "w = 0.824;\t\t\t#wavelength in angstorm\n", + "theta1 = 8.35;\t\t\t#angle at n = 1 in degrees\n", + "n1 = 1.;\n", + "n3 = 3.;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "d = w/(2*math.sin(math.radians(theta1)));\t\t\t#in angstorm\n", + "theta3 = math.degrees(math.asin(3*math.sin(math.radians(theta1))))\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Glancing angle for third order diffraction = %f degrees\"%theta3\n", + "print \"Interplanar spacing of the crystal (in Angstorm) = %.3f A\"%d\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Glancing angle for third order diffraction = 25.827235 degrees\n", + "Interplanar spacing of the crystal (in Angstorm) = 2.837 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.9 pageno : 115" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "a = 17.03;\t\t\t#in degrees\n", + "w = 0.71;\t\t\t#in angstorm\n", + "n = 1.;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "d = n*w/(2*math.sin(math.radians(a)));\t\t\t#interplanar spacing in angstorm\n", + "# given that h**2+k**2+l**2 = 8\n", + "a = math.sqrt(8)*d; \t\t\t#in angstorm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Interplanar Spacing (in angstorm) = %.3f A\"%d\n", + "print \"Lattice parameter of the crystal (in Angstorm) = %.2f A\"%a\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Interplanar Spacing (in angstorm) = 1.212 A\n", + "Lattice parameter of the crystal (in Angstorm) = 3.43 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.10 pageno : 117" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "w = 0.0708;\t\t\t #wavelength in nm\n", + "h = 1.;\n", + "k = 0.;\n", + "l = 0.;\n", + "s = 0.0132; \t\t\t#a common divisor i.e.math.sin**2(theta) = 0.0132\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a = math.sqrt((w**2*(h**2+k**2+l**2))/(4*s));\t\t\t#in nm\n", + "a1 = 10.**3*a;\t\t\t #in pm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Dimension of unit cell (in Picometer) = %.1f pm\"%a1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Dimension of unit cell (in Picometer) = 308.1 pm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch6.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch6.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..86d72983 --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch6.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,341 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 6 : Imperfections, Defects and Dislocations in Solids" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.1 pageno : 125" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "na = 6.023*10**23;\t\t\t#Avagadro's no.\n", + "p = 3170.;\t \t\t#density in kg/m**3\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "mw = 7.9*10**-2;\t\t\t#molecular weight of CaF2\n", + "nl = na*p/mw;\t\t\t #calcium ions/cubic m\n", + "ni = 2.*nl;\t\t\t # /cubic m\n", + "t = 1300.;\t \t\t#in K\n", + "ef = 2.7*1.6*10**-19.;\t\t\t#energy of formation of one frenkel defect\n", + "k = 1.38*10**-23;\t\t\t#boltzmann constant\n", + "nf = math.sqrt(nl*ni)*math.exp(-ef/(2*k*t));\t\t\t#in /cubic m\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"No. of Frenkel defect per unit volume of Calcium Fluoride (in /m**3) = %.2e /m**3\"%nf\n", + "\n", + "# note: Answers may vary because of rouding error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "No. of Frenkel defect per unit volume of Calcium Fluoride (in /m**3) = 2.02e+23 /m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.2 pageno : 127" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "r = 8.314;\t\t\t# J/mol K\n", + "t1 = 300.;\t\t\t#in K\n", + "t2 = 1000.;\t\t\t#in K\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "ent = 168*10**3; \t\t\t#enthalpy of formation of vacancy in J/mol\n", + "x1 = math.exp(-ent/(r*t1));\t\t\t#x1 = n/Na\n", + "x2 = math.exp(-ent/(r*t2));\t\t\t#x2 = n/Na\n", + "rt = x1/x2; \t\t\t#ratio \n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Ratio of no. of vacancies = %.2e\"%rt\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Ratio of no. of vacancies = 3.34e-21\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.3 page no : 132" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "# for 1/6[121] dislocation\n", + "a1 = 1./6 * 1 # x - component\n", + "b1 = 1./6 * 2 # y - component\n", + "c1 = 1./6 * 1 # z - component\n", + "\n", + "# for 1/6[211] dislocation\n", + "a2 = 1./6 * 2 # x - component\n", + "b2 = 1./6 * 1 # y - component\n", + "c2 = 1./6 * -1 # z - component\n", + "\n", + "a = a1 + a2 # x - component\n", + "b = b1 + b2 # y - component\n", + "c = c1 + c2 # z - component\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"X-component a = %.1f\"%a\n", + "print \"Y-component b = %.1f\"%b\n", + "print \"Z-component c = %.1f\"%c\n", + "\n", + "print \"Thus, [abc] = [%.1f %.1f %.1f] = 1/2[110]\"%(a,b,c)\n", + "print \"Hence, 1/6[121] + 1/6[211] -> 1/2[110] proved\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "X-component a = 0.5\n", + "Y-component b = 0.5\n", + "Z-component c = 0.0\n", + "Thus, [abc] = [0.5 0.5 0.0] = 1/2[110]\n", + "Hence, 1/6[121] + 1/6[211] -> 1/2[110] proved\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.4 pageno : 136" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "v = 0.31; \t\t\t#poisson's ratio\n", + "bv = .25*10**-9;\t\t\t#burger's vector in m\n", + "ri = 1.1*10**-9;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "r0 = 10.**5*bv;\t \t\t#in m\n", + "sm = 45.*10**9;\t\t \t#shear modulous in n/sqm\n", + "gb_2 = sm*bv**2;\n", + "u_ed = (gb_2/(4*3.14*(1-v)))*math.log(r0/ri);\n", + "u_sd = (gb_2/(4*3.14))*math.log(r0/ri);\n", + "r = u_ed/u_sd;\t\t\t#ratio\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Elastic Strain Energy of Edge dislocation (in J/m) = %.2e J/m\"%u_ed\n", + "print \"Elastic Strain Energy of Screw dislocation (in J/m) = %.2e J/m\"%u_sd\n", + "print \"Ratio of energies of edge dislocation over screw dislocation = %.2f\"%r\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Elastic Strain Energy of Edge dislocation (in J/m) = 3.26e-09 J/m\n", + "Elastic Strain Energy of Screw dislocation (in J/m) = 2.25e-09 J/m\n", + "Ratio of energies of edge dislocation over screw dislocation = 1.45\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.5 pageno : 139" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "r = 1.7*10**-10;\t\t\t#atomic radius in m\n", + "n1 = 10.**-3; \t\t\t#1mm = 10**-3m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a = 2*r;\t\t \t#in m\n", + "n = n1/a;\n", + "ed = 2.*10**-6; \t\t\t#edge dislocation in m\n", + "ns = ed/a;\n", + "nv = n*ns;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Total no. of created vacancies = %.2e\"%nv\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Total no. of created vacancies = 1.73e+10\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.6 pageno : 142" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "c1 = 3.61 # lattice parameter of copper\n", + "c2 = 44 # shear modulus of copper\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "b = c1*math.sqrt(1**2 + 1**2 + 0**2)/2.\n", + "U = c2*b**2 * 10**9 * 10**-20/2.\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"The magnitude of the Burgers vector : %.3f A\"%b\n", + "print \"LIne energy of dislocation U : %.3e J/m\"%U" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The magnitude of the Burgers vector : 2.553 A\n", + "LIne energy of dislocation U : 1.434e-09 J/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.7 pageno : 144" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "a = 3.84 # lattice constant\n", + "h = 1\n", + "k = 1\n", + "l = 0\n", + "\n", + "# calculations\n", + "b = a*math.sqrt(h**2 + k**2 + l**2)/2.\n", + "h1 = b/math.tan(math.radians(1))\n", + "h3 = b/math.tan(math.radians(3))\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"b = %.3f A\"%b\n", + "print \"Spacing between dislocaitons in a low angle tilt boundary in iridium\"\n", + "print \"When,\"\n", + "print \"Angle of tilts 1 = %.2f A\"%h1\n", + "print \"Angle of tilts 3 = %.2f A\"%h3" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "b = 2.715 A\n", + "Spacing between dislocaitons in a low angle tilt boundary in iridium\n", + "When,\n", + "Angle of tilts 1 = 155.56 A\n", + "Angle of tilts 3 = 51.81 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch7.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch7.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b80c4373 --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 7 : Mechanical Properties" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.3 pageno : 166" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%pylab inline\n", + "\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import *\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "a1 = 222.*10**9;\t\t\t#in N\n", + "a2 = 168.*10**9;\t\t\t#in N\n", + "e1 = 1.90; \t \t\t#in sqm\n", + "e2 = 1.42; \t\t \t#in sqm\n", + "da = a1-a2; \t\t\t #in N\n", + "de = e1-e2;\t \t \t#in sqm\n", + "MPa = [14,28,56,84,110,138,193,221,276]\n", + "strain = [.1,.21,.44,.67,.88,1.14,1.7,1.95,2.9]\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "e_math_tan = da/de;\n", + "e_math_tann = e_math_tan*10**-9;\t\t\t#in Gpa\n", + "a3 = 180.*10**9; \t\t\t#in N\n", + "e3 = 1.46;\t\t\t #in sqm\n", + "e_sec = 10**-9*a3/e3;\t\t\t #in Gpa\n", + "a = 85*10**6;\n", + "e = .68*10**-3;\n", + "e_y = 10**-9*a/e;\t\t\t #in Gpa\n", + "plot(strain,MPa)\n", + "plot(strain,MPa,\"go\")\n", + "xlabel(\"STRAIN\")\n", + "ylabel(\"STRESS(MPa)\")\n", + "suptitle(\"Stress-strain diagram\")\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Tangent Modulous of elasticity (in Gpa) = %.1f GPa\"%e_math_tann\n", + "print \"Secant modulous of elasticity (in Gpa) = %d GPa\"%e_sec\n", + "print \"Youngs modulous (in Gpa) = %d GPa\"%e_y\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n", + "Tangent Modulous of elasticity (in Gpa) = 112.5 GPa\n", + "Secant modulous of elasticity (in Gpa) = 123 GPa\n", + "Youngs modulous (in Gpa) = 125 GPa\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": 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+ "text": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f50104c24d0>" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.4 page no : 179" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%pylab inline\n", + "\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import *\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "t = [0,1,2,4,8,16,24,32,40,48,60,72] #time\n", + "s = [0,.02,.029,.041,.057,.078,.094,.109,.122,.136,.156,.176] # strain E (mm/mm)\n", + "\n", + "# calculations\n", + "min_creep_rate = 12./14 # from curve\n", + "creep_intercept = .055 # from curve\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "plot(t,s)\n", + "plot(t,s,\"go\")\n", + "suptitle(\"Strain-Time Curve\")\n", + "xlabel(\"Time(minute)\")\n", + "ylabel(\"Strain\")\n", + "\n", + "print \"Minimum Creep rate : %.3f mm/mm\"%min_creep_rate\n", + "print \"The creep intercept : %.3f mm/mm\"%creep_intercept\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n", + "Minimum Creep rate : 0.857 mm/mm\n", + "The creep intercept : 0.055 mm/mm\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stderr", + "text": [ + "WARNING: pylab import has clobbered these variables: ['draw_if_interactive', 'e']\n", + "`%pylab --no-import-all` prevents importing * from pylab and numpy\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": 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IqKysNEJDQ438/PxabdLS0oxRo0YZhmEY2dnZRmRkpGEYhlFUVGT06dPHqKio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\nQ3CwoyMREWmb2kSyKC0FV1e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+ "text": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f50125b9350>" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5 pageno : 183" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Find Stress\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "n = 3.;\n", + "a = 300.;\n", + "t = 365. * 24;\t\t\t#in hours\n", + "e = 2.*10**6;\t\t\t#kgf/sqcm\n", + "ai = 750.;\t \t\t#in kgf/sqcm\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "v_cr = 2.8*10**-8;\t\t\t# in cm/cm/hour creep rate\n", + "x = math.log(v_cr)-n*math.log(a);\n", + "a1 = math.exp(x);\n", + "a_tf = round(math.sqrt(1./((1./ai**(n-1))+(a1*e*(n-1)*t))),-2);\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Stress Remaining (in kgf/sq cm) = %.f kgf/cm**2\"%a_tf\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Stress Remaining (in kgf/sq cm) = 200 kgf/cm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch8.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch8.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..c6220c7a --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,275 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 8 : Mechanical Testing" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.1 pageno : 195" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 225.;\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "h = 10. \t\t\t#in mm\n", + "l = 1100.;\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "f1 = 250.;\t\t\t#in N\n", + "f2 = 350;\t\t\t#in N at which glass breaks\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "m = f1*l/4.;\t\t\t#in N-mm\n", + "f = f1/2.; \t\t\t#in N\n", + "a = (6*m)/(b*h**2);\t\t\t#in N/mm**2\n", + "t = (3*f)/(2*b*h);\t\t\t#in N/sqmm\n", + "r = f2*l/4;\t\t\t #in N-mm\n", + "i = (b*h**3)/12;\t\t\t#in mm**4\n", + "y = h/2;\t \t\t#in mm\n", + "mr = r*y/i;\t\t \t#in n/sqmm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Flexural Strength (in N/sqmm) = %.2f N/mm**2\"%a\n", + "print \"Shear Strength (in N/sqmm) = %3f N/mm**2\"%t\n", + "print \"Modulous of Rupture (in N/sqmm) = %.2f N/mm**2\"%mr\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Flexural Strength (in N/sqmm) = 18.33 N/mm**2\n", + "Shear Strength (in N/sqmm) = 0.083333 N/mm**2\n", + "Modulous of Rupture (in N/sqmm) = 25.67 N/mm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.2 pageno : 201" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 5.; \t\t\t#in mm\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "id = 32.5/10;\t\t\t#indentation diameter in mm\n", + "p = 30*d**2;\t\t\t#load for steel specimen in kgf\n", + "bhn = p/((3.14*d/2)*(d-math.sqrt(d**2-id**2)));\t\t\t#in kgf/sqmm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Load P for steel specimen (in kgf) = %.f kgf\"%p\n", + "print \"BRINELL HARDNESS NUMBER of the steel specimen = %.1f\"%bhn\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Load P for steel specimen (in kgf) = 750 kgf\n", + "BRINELL HARDNESS NUMBER of the steel specimen = 79.6\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.3 pageno : 209" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = 0.1;\t\t\t#frictinal and windage losses in kgf-m\n", + "dr = 5.9;\t\t\t#dial reading in kgf-m\n", + "w = 19.33;\t\t\t#weight of hammer in kgf-m\n", + "t = 10.;\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "ui = 30.;\t\t\t#in kgf-m\n", + "a = 160.;\t\t\t#angle in degrees\n", + "r = 0.8;\t\t\t#swing radius in m\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "u = dr-l;\t \t\t#in kgf-m\n", + "d = t/5;\t\t \t#depth of V-notch in mm\n", + "te = t-d;\t\t \t #effective thickness in mm\n", + "ve = 75.*10*te; \t\t\t#effective volume in cu. mm\n", + "vem = ve*10.**-9;\t\t\t#in cu. m\n", + "mr = u/vem;\t \t\t#in kgf/sqm\n", + "ae = t*te; \t\t\t#effective area of cross section in sqmm\n", + "aem = ae*10**-6;\t\t\t#in sqm\n", + "is_ = u/aem;\t\t \t#in kg/m\n", + "uf = ui-u;\t\t\t#in kgf-m\n", + "hf = uf/w;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "B = math.degrees(math.acos(1-(uf/(w*r))))\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Rupture Energy (in kgf-m) = %.1f kgf-m\"%u\n", + "print \"Modulous Of Rupture (in kgf/sqm) = %.1e kgf/m**2\"%mr\n", + "print \"Notch Imapct Strength (in kg/m) = %.2e kgm\"%is_\n", + "print \"Height risen by Hammer (in m) = %.2f m\"%hf\n", + "print \"Angle after Breaking the specimen (in degress) = %.1f degrees\"%(B)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Rupture Energy (in kgf-m) = 5.8 kgf-m\n", + "Modulous Of Rupture (in kgf/sqm) = 9.7e+05 kgf/m**2\n", + "Notch Imapct Strength (in kg/m) = 7.25e+04 kgm\n", + "Height risen by Hammer (in m) = 1.25 m\n", + "Angle after Breaking the specimen (in degress) = 124.4 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.4 pageno : 211" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "a_m = 70.; \t \t\t#mean stress in Mpa\n", + "a_r = 210.;\t \t \t#stress amplitude in Mpa\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a_max = ((2*a_m)+a_r)/2;\t\t\t#maximum stress in MPa\n", + "a_min = 2*a_m-a_max;\t \t\t#Minimum stress in MPa\n", + "s = a_min/a_max;\t\t\t #stress ratio\n", + "sr = a_max-a_min; \t\t\t#stress range in MPa\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Maximum Stress Level (in MPa) = \",a_max\n", + "print \"Minimum Stress Level (in MPa) = \",a_min\n", + "print \"Stress Ratio = \",s\n", + "print \"Stress Range (in MPa) = \",sr\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Maximum Stress Level (in MPa) = 175.0\n", + "Minimum Stress Level (in MPa) = -35.0\n", + "Stress Ratio = -0.2\n", + "Stress Range (in MPa) = 210.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.5 pageno : 212" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p_min = 20.;\t\t\t#in kN\n", + "p_max = 50.;\t\t\t#in kN\n", + "l = 500.; \t\t\t#in mm\n", + "d = 60.;\t \t\t#in mm\n", + "a_u = 650.;\t\t \t#in MPa\n", + "a_y = 520.;\t\t #in MPa\n", + "fos = 1.8;\t\t\t #factor of safety\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "m_max = p_max*l/4;\t\t\t#maximum bending moment in kN mm\n", + "m_min = p_min*l/4;\t\t\t#minimum bending moment in kN mm\n", + "m_m = (m_max+m_min)/2;\t\t\t#mean bending moment in kN mm\n", + "m_a = (m_max-m_min)/2;\t\t\t#alternating bending moment in kN mm\n", + "z = 3.14*d**3/32;\n", + "a_m = (m_m/z)*1000;\t\t\t#mean bending stress in MPa\n", + "a_a = (m_a/z)*1000;\t\t\t#alternating bending stress in MPa\n", + "a_e1 = a_a/((1/fos)-(a_m/a_u)**2*fos);\t\t\t#in MPa\n", + "a_e2 = a_a/((1/fos)-(a_m/a_u));\t\t\t#in MPa\n", + "a_e3 = a_a/((1/fos)-(a_m/a_y));\t\t\t#in MPa\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"ENDURANCE STRESS FROM Gerbers Parabolic Function (in MPa) = %.2f MPa\"%a_e1\n", + "print \"ENDURANCE STRESS FROM Goodman Straight Line Relation (in MPa) = %.2f MPa\"%a_e2\n", + "print \"ENDURANCE STRESS FROM Soderberg Straight Line Relation (in MPa) = %.2f MPa\"%a_e3\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ENDURANCE STRESS FROM Gerbers Parabolic Function (in MPa) = 236.52 MPa\n", + "ENDURANCE STRESS FROM Goodman Straight Line Relation (in MPa) = 371.71 MPa\n", + "ENDURANCE STRESS FROM Soderberg Straight Line Relation (in MPa) = 557.78 MPa\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch9.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch9.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..078d890f --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch9.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 9 : Microstructural Examination and Non-Destructive Testing" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.1 pageno : 228" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "n = 2.**(12-1);\t\t\t#astm no. = 12\n", + "\t\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#1 sq inch = 645mm**2\n", + "d = 1./math.sqrt((n/645)*10**4);\t\t\t#grain diameter in mm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"grain diameter for ASTM no. 12 (in mm) = %.4f mm\"%d\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "grain diameter for ASTM no. 12 (in mm) = 0.0056 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.2 pageno : 228" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "n = 2**(5-1);\t\t\t#astm no. = 5 in grain/inch**2\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#Lineal and Areal magnifications are related as *100 Lineal = *10000 Areal\n", + "x = n/(.01*.01);\t\t\t#in grain/inch**2 at 1 x.\n", + "a = 1./x; \t\t\t#average area in inch**2\n", + "a1 = 2.54*2.54*a;\t\t\t#average area in cm.**2\n", + "l = math.sqrt(x);\t\t\t#grains/inch of length\n", + "s = (1./l)**2; \t\t\t#surface area in sq inch\n", + "s6 = 6.*s;\t\t \t#surface area of 6 surfaces of cubic grain in sq inch\n", + "b = 0.5*s6*(l**3);\t\t\t#total boundary area in sq inch\n", + "b1 = b/(2.54);\t\t\t #total boundary area in sq cm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Average area of one grain (in sq cm) = %.2e cm**2\"%a1\n", + "print \"Boundary Area per cubic centimetre of steel (in sq cm) = %.1f cm**2\"%b1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Average area of one grain (in sq cm) = 4.03e-05 cm**2\n", + "Boundary Area per cubic centimetre of steel (in sq cm) = 472.4 cm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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