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diff --git a/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch15.ipynb b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch15.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..ef9c8eba --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science_In_Engineering/ch15.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,489 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 15 : Electric Properties" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.1 pageno : 391" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "v = 230.;\t\t\t#in volts\n", + "d = 0.005;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "E = -v/d;\t\t\t#in V/m\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Electric field between pair of conducting plates (in V/m) = \",E\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Electric field between pair of conducting plates (in V/m) = -46000.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.2 pageno : 391" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "n = 10.**19;\t\t\t#no. of electrons per unit volume\n", + "e = 1.602*10**-19;\t\t\t#charge of an electron in C\n", + "a = 0.018;\t\t\t#conductivity in ohm/m\n", + "m = 9.1*10**-31;\t\t\t#mass of an electron in kg\n", + "v = 0.16;\t\t\t#in volts\n", + "t = 0.29;\t\t\t#thickness in mm\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "efg = v/t;\t\t\t#electric field gradient in V/m\n", + "vd = a*efg/(n*e);\n", + "vd1 = 10**3*vd;\t\t\t#in m/s\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Drift Velocity (in m/sec) = %.3f m/s\"%vd1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Drift Velocity (in m/sec) = 6.199 m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.3 pageno : 399" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = 200.; \t \t\t#in m\n", + "r = 21.;\t \t \t#in ohm\n", + "d = 0.44*10**-3;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a = 3.14*(d/2)**2;\t\t\t#area in sq m\n", + "p = r*a/l;\t\t\t#in ohm-m\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Specific Resistance (in ohm-m) = %.3e ohm-m\"%p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Specific Resistance (in ohm-m) = 1.596e-08 ohm-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.4 pageno : 400" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p_cu = 0.015*10**-6;\t\t\t#resistivity of copper in ohm-m\n", + "p_ni = 0.012*10**-6;\t\t\t#resistivity of nickel in ohm-m\n", + "p_ag = 0.016*10**-6;\t\t\t#resistivity of silver in ohm-m\n", + "c1 = 0.25;\t\t\t#atomic % of nickel\n", + "c2 = 0.4;\t\t\t#atomic % of silver\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "p = p_cu+(c1*p_ni)+(c2*p_ag);\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Resistivity of Cu-Ni-Ag alloy at 300 K (in ohm-m) = %.2e ohm m\"%p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resistivity of Cu-Ni-Ag alloy at 300 K (in ohm-m) = 2.44e-08 ohm m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.5 pageno : 407" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "m = 0.14;\t\t\t#mobility of electron\n", + "u_h = 0.05;\t\t\t#mobility of holes\n", + "p = 3000.;\t\t\t#resistivity in ohm-m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "e = 1.602*10**-19;\t\t\t#charge of an electron in C\n", + "a = 1./p;\t\t\t#conductivity \n", + "n = a/(e*(m+u_h));\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Intrinsic Carrier density in pure silicon (in per cu m) = %.3e m**3\"%n\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Intrinsic Carrier density in pure silicon (in per cu m) = 1.095e+16 m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.6 pageno : 410" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "id = 1000.;\t\t\t#in A/sqm\n", + "p = 0.05;\t\t\t#resistivity in ohm-m\n", + "l = 100.*10**-6;\t\t\t#in m\n", + "m_e = 0.4;\t\t\t#in sqm/Vsec\n", + "e = 1.602*10**-19;\t\t\t#charge of electron in C\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a = 1./p;\t\t\t#conductivity\n", + "n_e = a/(e*m_e);\t\t\t#in per cubic m\n", + "v_d = id/(n_e*e);\t\t\t#in m/s\n", + "t = l/v_d;\t\t\t#in sec\n", + "t1 = t*10**6;\t\t\t#in msec\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Drift Velocity (in m/s) = %.f m/s\"%v_d\n", + "print \"Time taken by electrons (in msec) = %.f ms\"%t1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Drift Velocity (in m/s) = 20 m/s\n", + "Time taken by electrons (in msec) = 5 ms\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.7 pageno : 410" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 1.*10**-3;\t \t\t#diameter in m\n", + "a = 3.14*(d/2)**2;\t\t\t#area of cross section of rod in sq m\n", + "r = 100.;\t\t\t #in ohm\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "l = 10.*10**-3;\t\t\t #in m\n", + "p = a*r/l;\t\t\t #in ohm-m\n", + "c = 1./p;\t \t\t#conductivity\n", + "e = 1.602*10**-19;\t\t\t#charge of electron in C\n", + "u_h = 0.19;\t\t\t #mobility of holes in sqm/Vsec\n", + "n_h = c/(e*u_h);\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Impurity concentration in rod (in per cubic m) = %.2e m**3\"%n_h\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Impurity concentration in rod (in per cubic m) = 4.19e+21 m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.8 pageno : 413" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "ni = 1.5*10**16;\t\t\t#intrinsic carrier concentration per cu. m\n", + "n = 10**19;\t\t\t#no. of conduction electrons in per cu. m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "p = ni**2/n;\t\t\t#in per cu.m\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Conduction electron and hole density (per cubic m) = %.2e m**3\"%p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Conduction electron and hole density (per cubic m) = 2.25e+13 m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.9 pageno : 413" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "nd = 10.**17;\t\t\t#in per cu cm\n", + "ni = 1.5*10**10;\t\t\t#in cu cm\n", + "t = 300;\t\t\t#in K\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "ne = nd;\t\t\t#nd>>ni\n", + "nh = ni**2/ne;\n", + "e = 0.0259*math.log(ne/ni);\t\t\t#in eV\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Hole concentration (in per cubic cm) = %.2e /cm**3\"%nh\n", + "print \"Location of Fermi Level (in eV) = %.3f eV\"%e\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Hole concentration (in per cubic cm) = 2.25e+03 /cm**3\n", + "Location of Fermi Level (in eV) = 0.407 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.10 pageno : 423" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 40000.;\t\t\t #dielectric strength in V/mm\n", + "v = 33*10.**3;\t\t\t#in volts\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "t = v/d;\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"thickness of insulation (in mm) = %.3f m m\"%t\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "thickness of insulation (in mm) = 0.825 m m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.14 page no : 424" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Calculation\n", + "\n", + "T = 0.0464*10**5/2.9444\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print \"Temperature T = %.1f K\"%T" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Temperature T = 1575.9 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15.16 pageno : 425" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "c = 2.99*10**8;\t\t \t#speed of light in m/s\n", + "h = 6.62*10**-24;\t\t\t#planck's constant\n", + "l = 1.771*10**-6 #wavelength in m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "eg = (h*c)/l;\t \t\t#in J\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Band gap energy (in J) = %.2e Joules\"%eg\n", + "#Incorrect answer int the textbook. Please calculate manually" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Band gap energy (in J) = 1.12e-09 Joules\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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