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+{

+ "metadata": {

+  "name": "",

+  "signature": "sha256:7a4739840eca82c1ce9eed121a54d5060bb7d710089eb77f452cc47ec3867eee"

+ },

+ "nbformat": 3,

+ "nbformat_minor": 0,

+ "worksheets": [

+  {

+   "cells": [

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 1,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Chapter 7 - CORONA"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E1 - Pg 189"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#calculate Line Voltage for comencing of corena(in kV)\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Given data :\n",

+      "r=1.##cm\n",

+      "d=4.##meter\n",

+      "g0=30./math.sqrt(2.)##kV/cm\n",

+      "LineVoltage=math.sqrt(3.)*g0*r*math.log(d*100./r)##kV\n",

+      "print '%s %.2f' %(\"Line Voltage for comencing of corena(in kV) :\",round(LineVoltage))#\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Line Voltage for comencing of corena(in kV) : 220.00\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 1

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E2 - Pg 190"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#calculate Disruptive critical voltage from line to line(kV rms)\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Given data :\n",

+      "Ph=3.##phase\n",

+      "V=220.##kV\n",

+      "f=50.##Hz\n",

+      "r=1.2##cm\n",

+      "d=2.##meter\n",

+      "mo=0.96##Irregularity factor\n",

+      "t=20.##degree C\n",

+      "T=t+273.##K\n",

+      "b=72.2##cm\n",

+      "go=21.1##kV rms/cm\n",

+      "dela=3.92*b/T##Air density factor\n",

+      "Vdo=go*dela*mo*r*math.log(d*100./r)##in kV\n",

+      "Vdo_line=math.sqrt(3.)*Vdo##in kV\n",

+      "print '%s %.2f' %(\"Disruptive critical voltage from line to line(kV rms) : \",round(Vdo_line))#\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Disruptive critical voltage from line to line(kV rms) :  208.00\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 2

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E3 - Pg 190"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#calculate Spacing between conductors in meter\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Given data :\n",

+      "V=132.##kV\n",

+      "r=2./2.##cm\n",

+      "Vexceed=210.##kV(rms)\n",

+      "go=30000./math.sqrt(2.)##Volts/cm\n",

+      "go=go/1000.##kV/cm\n",

+      "Vdo=Vexceed/math.sqrt(3.)##Volt\n",

+      "mo=1.##assumed \n",

+      "dela=1.##assumed air density factor\n",

+      "#Formula : Vdo=go*del*mo*r*log(d*100/r)##in kV\n",

+      "d=math.exp(Vdo/go/dela/mo/r)*r##cm\n",

+      "print '%s %.2f' %(\"Spacing between conductors in meter : \",d*10**-2)#\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Spacing between conductors in meter :  3.04\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 3

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E4 - Pg 190"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#calculate Minimum Diameter of conductor by Hit & Trial method(cm)\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "import numpy\n",

+      "#Given data :\n",

+      "Ph=3.##phase\n",

+      "V=132.##kV\n",

+      "f=50.##Hz\n",

+      "d=3.##meter\n",

+      "d=d*100.##in cm\n",

+      "go=21.21##kV/cm : assumed\n",

+      "mo=0.85##assumed \n",

+      "dela=0.95##assumed air density factor\n",

+      "Vdo=V/math.sqrt(3.)##kV\n",

+      "#Formula : Vdo=go*del*mo*r*log(d*100/r)##in kV\n",

+      "#r*log(d/r)=Vdo/go/del/mo: solving\n",

+      "#Implementing Hit & Trial method\n",

+      "w=numpy.zeros(200)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "w[0]=.1\n",

+      "for i in range (1,200):\n",

+      "\tw[i]=.1+w[i-1];\n",

+      "\n",

+      "for r in w:\n",

+      "    if round(r*math.log(d/r))==round(Vdo/go/dela/mo):\n",

+      "        print '%s %.2f' %(\"Minimum Diameter of conductor by Hit & Trial method(cm) : \",2*r)#\n",

+      "        break"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Minimum Diameter of conductor by Hit & Trial method(cm) :  1.20\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 1

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E5 - Pg 191"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#calculate g1max(kV/cm)\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Given data :\n",

+      "r=2.5/2.##cm\n",

+      "epsilon_r=4.##constant\n",

+      "r1=3./2.##cm\n",

+      "r2=9./2.##cm\n",

+      "V=20.##kV(rms)\n",

+      "#Formula : gmax=q/(2*epsilon*r)\n",

+      "g2maxBYg1max=r/epsilon_r/r1##unitless\n",

+      "#Formula : V=g1max*r*log(r1/r)+g2max*r1*log(r2/r1)\n",

+      "g1max=V/(r*math.log(r1/r)+g2maxBYg1max*r1*math.log(r2/r1))##in kV/cm\n",

+      "print '%s %.2f' %(\"g1max(kV/cm) = \",g1max)#\n",

+      "print '%s' %(\"Corona will be present.g1max > go\")#\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "g1max(kV/cm) =  35.01\n",

+        "Corona will be present.g1max > go\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 4

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E6 - Pg 192"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#calculate Line to line visual critical voltage for local corona(kV-rms),Line to line visual critical voltage for general corona(kV-rms)\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Given data :\n",

+      "Ph=3.##phase\n",

+      "r=10.4/2##mm\n",

+      "r=r/10.##in cm\n",

+      "d=2.5##meter\n",

+      "d=d*100.##in cm\n",

+      "t=21.##degree C\n",

+      "T=t+273.##K\n",

+      "b=73.6##cm-Hg\n",

+      "mo=0.85# \n",

+      "mv_l=0.7#\n",

+      "mv_g=0.8#\n",

+      "go=21.21##kV/cm : assumed\n",

+      "dela=3.92*b/T##Air density factor\n",

+      "#Formula : Vdo=go*del*mo*r*log(d*100/r)##kV\n",

+      "Vdo=go*dela*mo*r*math.log(d/r)##kV\n",

+      "Vdo_line=math.sqrt(3.)*Vdo##kV\n",

+      "Vvo=go*dela*mv_l*r*(1+.3/math.sqrt(dela*r))*math.log(d/r)##kV\n",

+      "Vvo_line_local=Vvo*math.sqrt(3.)##kV(rms)\n",

+      "print '%s %.1f' %(\"Line to line visual critical voltage for local corona(kV-rms)  : \",Vvo_line_local)\n",

+      "Vvo_line_general=Vvo_line_local*mv_g/mv_l##kV(rms)\n",

+      "print '%s %.f' %(\"Line to line visual critical voltage for general corona(kV-rms)  : \",Vvo_line_general)\n",

+      "#Note : Answer in the book is not accurate.\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Line to line visual critical voltage for local corona(kV-rms)  :  115.1\n",

+        "Line to line visual critical voltage for general corona(kV-rms)  :  132\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 5

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E7 - Pg 193"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#calculate Corona Loss at 113 kV in kW ,Disruptive critical voltage between lines(kV)\n",

+      "#Given data :\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "Pc1=53.##in kW\n",

+      "V1=106.##in kV\n",

+      "Pc2=98.##in kW\n",

+      "V2=110.9##in kV\n",

+      "Vph1=V1/math.sqrt(3.)##in kV\n",

+      "Vph2=V2/math.sqrt(3.)##in kV\n",

+      "#Formula : Pc=3*244/del*(f+25)*sqrt(r/d)*(Vph-Vdo)**2*10**-5##kW/Km\n",

+      "print '%s' %(\"Using proportionality : Pc is proportional to (Vph-Vdo)**2\")#\n",

+      "print '%s' %(\"We have, Pc1/Pc2 = (Vph1-Vdo)**2/(Vph2-Vdo)**2\")#\n",

+      "Vdo=(Vph1-math.sqrt(Pc1/Pc2)*(Vph2))/(1-math.sqrt(Pc1/Pc2))#\n",

+      "V3=113.##in kV\n",

+      "Vph3=V3/math.sqrt(3.)##in kV\n",

+      "Pc3=Pc2*(Vph3-Vdo)**2./(Vph2-Vdo)**2##in kW\n",

+      "print '%s %.1f' %(\"Corona Loss at 113 kV in kW : \",Pc3)#\n",

+      "VLine=math.sqrt(3.)*Vdo##in kV\n",

+      "print '%s %.1f' %(\"Disruptive critical voltage between lines(kV):  \",VLine)#\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Using proportionality : Pc is proportional to (Vph-Vdo)**2\n",

+        "We have, Pc1/Pc2 = (Vph1-Vdo)**2/(Vph2-Vdo)**2\n",

+        "Corona Loss at 113 kV in kW :  121.5\n",

+        "Disruptive critical voltage between lines(kV):   92.4\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 6

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E8 - Pg 194"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#calculate Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peek formula in kW,Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peterson formula in kW \n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Given data :\n",

+      "f=50.##Hz\n",

+      "l=160.##km\n",

+      "r=1.036/2.##cm\n",

+      "d=2.44*100.##cm\n",

+      "g0=21.1##kV/cm(rms)\n",

+      "m0=0.85##irregularity factor\n",

+      "mv=0.72##roughness factor\n",

+      "b=73.15##cm\n",

+      "t=26.6##degree C\n",

+      "dela=3.92*b/(273.+t)##air density factor\n",

+      "Vd0=g0*dela*m0*r*math.log(d/r)##kV(rms)\n",

+      "print '%s %.2f' %(\"Critical disruptive voltage(rms) in kV : \",Vd0)#\n",

+      "Vv0=g0*dela*mv*r*(1+0.3/math.sqrt(dela*r))*math.log(d/r)##kV\n",

+      "print '%s %.1f' %(\"Visual Critical voltage(rms) in kV : \",Vv0)#\n",

+      "Vph=110./math.sqrt(3.)##in kV\n",

+      "Pc_dash=d/dela*(f+25)*math.sqrt(r/d)*(Vph-0.8*Vd0)**2*10**-5##kW/km/phase\n",

+      "T_Corona_loss=l*3*Pc_dash##kW\n",

+      "print '%s %.f' %(\"Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peek formula in kW : \",T_Corona_loss)#\n",

+      "VphBYVd0=Vph/Vd0/0.8#\n",

+      "K=0.46##constant\n",

+      "Corona_loss=21*10**-5*f*Vph**2*K/(math.log10(d/r))**2##kW/km/phase\n",

+      "T_corona_loss=Corona_loss*3*l##kW\n",

+      "print '%s %.1f' %(\"Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peterson formula in kW : \",T_corona_loss)#\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Critical disruptive voltage(rms) in kV :  54.73\n",

+        "Visual Critical voltage(rms) in kV :  66.1\n",

+        "Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peek formula in kW :  1645\n",

+        "Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peterson formula in kW :  1308.7\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 7

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E9 - Pg 195"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#calculate Power loss due to corona for fair weather condition,Total corona loss using Peek formula in kW,Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peterson formula in kW \n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#given data :\n",

+      "f=50.##Hz\n",

+      "l=175.##km\n",

+      "r=1./2.##cm\n",

+      "d=3.*100.##cm\n",

+      "g0=21.1##kV/cm(rms)\n",

+      "m0=0.85##irregularity factor\n",

+      "mv=0.72##roughness factor\n",

+      "mv_dash=0.82##roughness factor\n",

+      "b=74.##cm\n",

+      "t=26.##degree C\n",

+      "Vph=110./math.sqrt(3.)##kV\n",

+      "dela=3.92*b/(273.+t)##air density factor\n",

+      "Vd0=g0*dela*m0*r*math.log(d/r)##kV(rms)\n",

+      "Vvo=g0*dela*mv*r*(1.+0.3/math.sqrt(dela*r))*math.log(d/r)##kV rms\n",

+      "Vvo_dash=Vvo*mv_dash/mv##kV rms\n",

+      "Pc=244./dela*(f+25.)*math.sqrt(r/d)*(Vph-Vd0)**2.*10.**-5##kW/Km/phase\n",

+      "T_CoronaLoss=Pc*l*3.##kW\n",

+      "print '%s' %(\"Power loss due to corona for fair weather condition : \")#\n",

+      "print '%s %.f' %(\"Total corona loss using Peek formula in kW : \",T_CoronaLoss)#\n",

+      "K=0.0713##constant for Vph/Vdo=1.142\n",

+      "Pc=21.*10.**-5*f*Vph**2./(math.log10(d/r))**2.*K##kW/Km/phase\n",

+      "T_CoronaLoss=Pc*l*3##kW\n",

+      "print '%s %.1f' %(\"According Peterson formula, Total corona loss for 175 km 3-phase line(kW): \",T_CoronaLoss)#\n",

+      "print '%s' %(\"Power loss due to corona for stormy weather condition : \")#\n",

+      "Vd0=0.8*Vd0##kV\n",

+      "Pc_dash=l*3.*244./dela*(f+25.)*math.sqrt(r/d)*(Vph-Vd0)**2.*10.**-5##kW/Km/phase\n",

+      "print '%s %.f' %(\"Total corona loss using Peek formula in kW : \",Pc_dash)#\n",

+      "K=0.395##constant for Vph/Vdo=1.42\n",

+      "Pc=21.*10.**-5*f*Vph**2./(math.log10(d/r))**2.*K##kW/Km/phase\n",

+      "T_CoronaLoss=Pc*l*3.##kW\n",

+      "print '%s %.f' %(\"According Peterson formula, Total corona loss for 175 km 3-phase line(kW): \",T_CoronaLoss)#\n",

+      "#Answer is wrong in the book for corona loss fair weather condition using Peek formula.\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Power loss due to corona for fair weather condition : \n",

+        "Total corona loss using Peek formula in kW :  249\n",

+        "According Peterson formula, Total corona loss for 175 km 3-phase line(kW):  205.4\n",

+        "Power loss due to corona for stormy weather condition : \n",

+        "Total corona loss using Peek formula in kW :  1457\n",

+        "According Peterson formula, Total corona loss for 175 km 3-phase line(kW):  1138\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 8

+    }

+   ],

+   "metadata": {}

+  }

+ ]

+}
\ No newline at end of file