From 92cca121f959c6616e3da431c1e2d23c4fa5e886 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hardythe1 Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2015 15:58:05 +0530 Subject: added books --- Elements_of_Power_system/Chapter_7.ipynb | 454 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 454 insertions(+) create mode 100755 Elements_of_Power_system/Chapter_7.ipynb (limited to 'Elements_of_Power_system/Chapter_7.ipynb') diff --git a/Elements_of_Power_system/Chapter_7.ipynb b/Elements_of_Power_system/Chapter_7.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..fba9cc63 --- /dev/null +++ b/Elements_of_Power_system/Chapter_7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,454 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:7a4739840eca82c1ce9eed121a54d5060bb7d710089eb77f452cc47ec3867eee" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 7 - CORONA" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example E1 - Pg 189" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate Line Voltage for comencing of corena(in kV)\n", + "import math\n", + "#Given data :\n", + "r=1.##cm\n", + "d=4.##meter\n", + "g0=30./math.sqrt(2.)##kV/cm\n", + "LineVoltage=math.sqrt(3.)*g0*r*math.log(d*100./r)##kV\n", + "print '%s %.2f' %(\"Line Voltage for comencing of corena(in kV) :\",round(LineVoltage))#\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Line Voltage for comencing of corena(in kV) : 220.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example E2 - Pg 190" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate Disruptive critical voltage from line to line(kV rms)\n", + "import math\n", + "#Given data :\n", + "Ph=3.##phase\n", + "V=220.##kV\n", + "f=50.##Hz\n", + "r=1.2##cm\n", + "d=2.##meter\n", + "mo=0.96##Irregularity factor\n", + "t=20.##degree C\n", + "T=t+273.##K\n", + "b=72.2##cm\n", + "go=21.1##kV rms/cm\n", + "dela=3.92*b/T##Air density factor\n", + "Vdo=go*dela*mo*r*math.log(d*100./r)##in kV\n", + "Vdo_line=math.sqrt(3.)*Vdo##in kV\n", + "print '%s %.2f' %(\"Disruptive critical voltage from line to line(kV rms) : \",round(Vdo_line))#\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Disruptive critical voltage from line to line(kV rms) : 208.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example E3 - Pg 190" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate Spacing between conductors in meter\n", + "import math\n", + "#Given data :\n", + "V=132.##kV\n", + "r=2./2.##cm\n", + "Vexceed=210.##kV(rms)\n", + "go=30000./math.sqrt(2.)##Volts/cm\n", + "go=go/1000.##kV/cm\n", + "Vdo=Vexceed/math.sqrt(3.)##Volt\n", + "mo=1.##assumed \n", + "dela=1.##assumed air density factor\n", + "#Formula : Vdo=go*del*mo*r*log(d*100/r)##in kV\n", + "d=math.exp(Vdo/go/dela/mo/r)*r##cm\n", + "print '%s %.2f' %(\"Spacing between conductors in meter : \",d*10**-2)#\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Spacing between conductors in meter : 3.04\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example E4 - Pg 190" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate Minimum Diameter of conductor by Hit & Trial method(cm)\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "#Given data :\n", + "Ph=3.##phase\n", + "V=132.##kV\n", + "f=50.##Hz\n", + "d=3.##meter\n", + "d=d*100.##in cm\n", + "go=21.21##kV/cm : assumed\n", + "mo=0.85##assumed \n", + "dela=0.95##assumed air density factor\n", + "Vdo=V/math.sqrt(3.)##kV\n", + "#Formula : Vdo=go*del*mo*r*log(d*100/r)##in kV\n", + "#r*log(d/r)=Vdo/go/del/mo: solving\n", + "#Implementing Hit & Trial method\n", + "w=numpy.zeros(200)\n", + "\n", + "w[0]=.1\n", + "for i in range (1,200):\n", + "\tw[i]=.1+w[i-1];\n", + "\n", + "for r in w:\n", + " if round(r*math.log(d/r))==round(Vdo/go/dela/mo):\n", + " print '%s %.2f' %(\"Minimum Diameter of conductor by Hit & Trial method(cm) : \",2*r)#\n", + " break" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Minimum Diameter of conductor by Hit & Trial method(cm) : 1.20\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example E5 - Pg 191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate g1max(kV/cm)\n", + "import math\n", + "#Given data :\n", + "r=2.5/2.##cm\n", + "epsilon_r=4.##constant\n", + "r1=3./2.##cm\n", + "r2=9./2.##cm\n", + "V=20.##kV(rms)\n", + "#Formula : gmax=q/(2*epsilon*r)\n", + "g2maxBYg1max=r/epsilon_r/r1##unitless\n", + "#Formula : V=g1max*r*log(r1/r)+g2max*r1*log(r2/r1)\n", + "g1max=V/(r*math.log(r1/r)+g2maxBYg1max*r1*math.log(r2/r1))##in kV/cm\n", + "print '%s %.2f' %(\"g1max(kV/cm) = \",g1max)#\n", + "print '%s' %(\"Corona will be present.g1max > go\")#\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "g1max(kV/cm) = 35.01\n", + "Corona will be present.g1max > go\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example E6 - Pg 192" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate Line to line visual critical voltage for local corona(kV-rms),Line to line visual critical voltage for general corona(kV-rms)\n", + "import math\n", + "#Given data :\n", + "Ph=3.##phase\n", + "r=10.4/2##mm\n", + "r=r/10.##in cm\n", + "d=2.5##meter\n", + "d=d*100.##in cm\n", + "t=21.##degree C\n", + "T=t+273.##K\n", + "b=73.6##cm-Hg\n", + "mo=0.85# \n", + "mv_l=0.7#\n", + "mv_g=0.8#\n", + "go=21.21##kV/cm : assumed\n", + "dela=3.92*b/T##Air density factor\n", + "#Formula : Vdo=go*del*mo*r*log(d*100/r)##kV\n", + "Vdo=go*dela*mo*r*math.log(d/r)##kV\n", + "Vdo_line=math.sqrt(3.)*Vdo##kV\n", + "Vvo=go*dela*mv_l*r*(1+.3/math.sqrt(dela*r))*math.log(d/r)##kV\n", + "Vvo_line_local=Vvo*math.sqrt(3.)##kV(rms)\n", + "print '%s %.1f' %(\"Line to line visual critical voltage for local corona(kV-rms) : \",Vvo_line_local)\n", + "Vvo_line_general=Vvo_line_local*mv_g/mv_l##kV(rms)\n", + "print '%s %.f' %(\"Line to line visual critical voltage for general corona(kV-rms) : \",Vvo_line_general)\n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is not accurate.\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Line to line visual critical voltage for local corona(kV-rms) : 115.1\n", + "Line to line visual critical voltage for general corona(kV-rms) : 132\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example E7 - Pg 193" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate Corona Loss at 113 kV in kW ,Disruptive critical voltage between lines(kV)\n", + "#Given data :\n", + "import math\n", + "Pc1=53.##in kW\n", + "V1=106.##in kV\n", + "Pc2=98.##in kW\n", + "V2=110.9##in kV\n", + "Vph1=V1/math.sqrt(3.)##in kV\n", + "Vph2=V2/math.sqrt(3.)##in kV\n", + "#Formula : Pc=3*244/del*(f+25)*sqrt(r/d)*(Vph-Vdo)**2*10**-5##kW/Km\n", + "print '%s' %(\"Using proportionality : Pc is proportional to (Vph-Vdo)**2\")#\n", + "print '%s' %(\"We have, Pc1/Pc2 = (Vph1-Vdo)**2/(Vph2-Vdo)**2\")#\n", + "Vdo=(Vph1-math.sqrt(Pc1/Pc2)*(Vph2))/(1-math.sqrt(Pc1/Pc2))#\n", + "V3=113.##in kV\n", + "Vph3=V3/math.sqrt(3.)##in kV\n", + "Pc3=Pc2*(Vph3-Vdo)**2./(Vph2-Vdo)**2##in kW\n", + "print '%s %.1f' %(\"Corona Loss at 113 kV in kW : \",Pc3)#\n", + "VLine=math.sqrt(3.)*Vdo##in kV\n", + "print '%s %.1f' %(\"Disruptive critical voltage between lines(kV): \",VLine)#\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Using proportionality : Pc is proportional to (Vph-Vdo)**2\n", + "We have, Pc1/Pc2 = (Vph1-Vdo)**2/(Vph2-Vdo)**2\n", + "Corona Loss at 113 kV in kW : 121.5\n", + "Disruptive critical voltage between lines(kV): 92.4\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example E8 - Pg 194" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peek formula in kW,Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peterson formula in kW \n", + "import math\n", + "#Given data :\n", + "f=50.##Hz\n", + "l=160.##km\n", + "r=1.036/2.##cm\n", + "d=2.44*100.##cm\n", + "g0=21.1##kV/cm(rms)\n", + "m0=0.85##irregularity factor\n", + "mv=0.72##roughness factor\n", + "b=73.15##cm\n", + "t=26.6##degree C\n", + "dela=3.92*b/(273.+t)##air density factor\n", + "Vd0=g0*dela*m0*r*math.log(d/r)##kV(rms)\n", + "print '%s %.2f' %(\"Critical disruptive voltage(rms) in kV : \",Vd0)#\n", + "Vv0=g0*dela*mv*r*(1+0.3/math.sqrt(dela*r))*math.log(d/r)##kV\n", + "print '%s %.1f' %(\"Visual Critical voltage(rms) in kV : \",Vv0)#\n", + "Vph=110./math.sqrt(3.)##in kV\n", + "Pc_dash=d/dela*(f+25)*math.sqrt(r/d)*(Vph-0.8*Vd0)**2*10**-5##kW/km/phase\n", + "T_Corona_loss=l*3*Pc_dash##kW\n", + "print '%s %.f' %(\"Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peek formula in kW : \",T_Corona_loss)#\n", + "VphBYVd0=Vph/Vd0/0.8#\n", + "K=0.46##constant\n", + "Corona_loss=21*10**-5*f*Vph**2*K/(math.log10(d/r))**2##kW/km/phase\n", + "T_corona_loss=Corona_loss*3*l##kW\n", + "print '%s %.1f' %(\"Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peterson formula in kW : \",T_corona_loss)#\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Critical disruptive voltage(rms) in kV : 54.73\n", + "Visual Critical voltage(rms) in kV : 66.1\n", + "Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peek formula in kW : 1645\n", + "Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peterson formula in kW : 1308.7\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example E9 - Pg 195" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate Power loss due to corona for fair weather condition,Total corona loss using Peek formula in kW,Total corona loss under foul weather condition using Peterson formula in kW \n", + "import math\n", + "#given data :\n", + "f=50.##Hz\n", + "l=175.##km\n", + "r=1./2.##cm\n", + "d=3.*100.##cm\n", + "g0=21.1##kV/cm(rms)\n", + "m0=0.85##irregularity factor\n", + "mv=0.72##roughness factor\n", + "mv_dash=0.82##roughness factor\n", + "b=74.##cm\n", + "t=26.##degree C\n", + "Vph=110./math.sqrt(3.)##kV\n", + "dela=3.92*b/(273.+t)##air density factor\n", + "Vd0=g0*dela*m0*r*math.log(d/r)##kV(rms)\n", + "Vvo=g0*dela*mv*r*(1.+0.3/math.sqrt(dela*r))*math.log(d/r)##kV rms\n", + "Vvo_dash=Vvo*mv_dash/mv##kV rms\n", + "Pc=244./dela*(f+25.)*math.sqrt(r/d)*(Vph-Vd0)**2.*10.**-5##kW/Km/phase\n", + "T_CoronaLoss=Pc*l*3.##kW\n", + "print '%s' %(\"Power loss due to corona for fair weather condition : \")#\n", + "print '%s %.f' %(\"Total corona loss using Peek formula in kW : \",T_CoronaLoss)#\n", + "K=0.0713##constant for Vph/Vdo=1.142\n", + "Pc=21.*10.**-5*f*Vph**2./(math.log10(d/r))**2.*K##kW/Km/phase\n", + "T_CoronaLoss=Pc*l*3##kW\n", + "print '%s %.1f' %(\"According Peterson formula, Total corona loss for 175 km 3-phase line(kW): \",T_CoronaLoss)#\n", + "print '%s' %(\"Power loss due to corona for stormy weather condition : \")#\n", + "Vd0=0.8*Vd0##kV\n", + "Pc_dash=l*3.*244./dela*(f+25.)*math.sqrt(r/d)*(Vph-Vd0)**2.*10.**-5##kW/Km/phase\n", + "print '%s %.f' %(\"Total corona loss using Peek formula in kW : \",Pc_dash)#\n", + "K=0.395##constant for Vph/Vdo=1.42\n", + "Pc=21.*10.**-5*f*Vph**2./(math.log10(d/r))**2.*K##kW/Km/phase\n", + "T_CoronaLoss=Pc*l*3.##kW\n", + "print '%s %.f' %(\"According Peterson formula, Total corona loss for 175 km 3-phase line(kW): \",T_CoronaLoss)#\n", + "#Answer is wrong in the book for corona loss fair weather condition using Peek formula.\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power loss due to corona for fair weather condition : \n", + "Total corona loss using Peek formula in kW : 249\n", + "According Peterson formula, Total corona loss for 175 km 3-phase line(kW): 205.4\n", + "Power loss due to corona for stormy weather condition : \n", + "Total corona loss using Peek formula in kW : 1457\n", + "According Peterson formula, Total corona loss for 175 km 3-phase line(kW): 1138\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file -- cgit