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author: hardythe1 2015-06-03 15:27:17 +0530
committer: hardythe1 2015-06-03 15:27:17 +0530
commit: df60071cf1d1c18822d34f943ab8f412a8946b69 (patch)
tree: ab059cf19bad4a1233a464ccf5d72cf8b3fb323c /Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements
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diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter1.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
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+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# CHAPTER 1: UNITS, DIMENSIONS AND STANDARDS"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1-1, Page Number: 8"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Total Magenetic Flux = 5.0 micro weber\n",
+      "Cross Section= 6.45e-04 meter square\n",
+      "Flux Density(B)= 7.75 mT\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "phi=500*10**-8               #in weber\n",
+    "A=(1*1)*(2.54*10**-2)**2     #in meter square \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "B=phi/A                      #in tesla  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"Total Magenetic Flux =\",phi*10**6,\"micro weber\"\n",
+    "print \"Cross Section=\",'%.2e' % A,\"meter square\"\n",
+    "print \"Flux Density(B)=\",round(B*10**3,2),\"mT\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1-2, Page Number: 8"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Celsius Temperature= 37.0 degree celsisus\n",
+      "Kelvin Temperature= 310.15 K\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "F=98.6      #Temperature =98.6 Farenheit \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Celsius_temperature=(F-32)/1.8           #in Celsius\n",
+    " \n",
+    "Kelvin_temperature=(F-32)/1.8+273.15     #in Kelvin\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"Celsius Temperature=\",Celsius_temperature,\"degree celsisus\"\n",
+    "print \"Kelvin Temperature=\",round(Kelvin_temperature,2),\"K\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1-3, Page Number: 10"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 19,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The dimensions of Voltage and Resistance are expressed in array format[M L T I],\n",
+      "Voltage= [ 1  2 -3 -1]\n",
+      "Resistance= [ 1  2 -3 -2]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Powers of M, L,T,I are expressed in an array consisting of four elements\n",
+    "#Each array element represents the power of the corresponding dimension\n",
+    "#it is of the form [M,L,T,I]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "P=np.array([1,2,-3,0])     #Dimesnion of Power\n",
+    "I=np.array([0,0,0,1])      #Dimension of Current\n",
+    "\n",
+    "E=P-I      #As E=P/I, the powers have to be subtracted\n",
+    "\n",
+    "R=E-I      #As R=E/I, the powers have to be subtracted\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"The dimensions of Voltage and Resistance are expressed in array format[M L T I],\"\n",
+    "print \"Voltage=\",E\n",
+    "print \"Resistance=\",R"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter10.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter10.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..66963b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter10.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:c81ea1dd6c9cc1e2e41ac05c3336a82a69ef851ca3e89f18fcee6fcbfb433811"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter10 - Special Oscilloscopes"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.11.1 - page10-18"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# sampling rate\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "N=10.0 #number of cycles\n",
+      "f1=1*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+      "f2=100*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "sampling_period1=N/f1 # in seconds\n",
+      "sampling_frequency1=1/sampling_period1 # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"sampling frequency of 1 kHz signal is \", sampling_frequency1, \" samples/second\"\n",
+      "sampling_period2=N/f2 # in seconds\n",
+      "sampling_frequency2=1/sampling_period2 # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"sampling frequency of 100 kHz signal is \", sampling_frequency2,\" samples/second\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "sampling frequency of 1 kHz signal is  100.0  samples/second\n",
+        "sampling frequency of 100 kHz signal is  10000.0  samples/second\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example10.13.1 - page10-22"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# sampling rate\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "N=10.0 #number of cycles\n",
+      "f=1*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+      "sampling_period=N/f # in seconds\n",
+      "sampling_rate=1/sampling_period # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"sampling rate is \",sampling_rate,\" samples/second\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "sampling rate is  100.0  samples/second\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter10_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter10_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..66963b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter10_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:c81ea1dd6c9cc1e2e41ac05c3336a82a69ef851ca3e89f18fcee6fcbfb433811"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter10 - Special Oscilloscopes"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.11.1 - page10-18"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# sampling rate\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "N=10.0 #number of cycles\n",
+      "f1=1*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+      "f2=100*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "sampling_period1=N/f1 # in seconds\n",
+      "sampling_frequency1=1/sampling_period1 # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"sampling frequency of 1 kHz signal is \", sampling_frequency1, \" samples/second\"\n",
+      "sampling_period2=N/f2 # in seconds\n",
+      "sampling_frequency2=1/sampling_period2 # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"sampling frequency of 100 kHz signal is \", sampling_frequency2,\" samples/second\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "sampling frequency of 1 kHz signal is  100.0  samples/second\n",
+        "sampling frequency of 100 kHz signal is  10000.0  samples/second\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example10.13.1 - page10-22"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# sampling rate\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "N=10.0 #number of cycles\n",
+      "f=1*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+      "sampling_period=N/f # in seconds\n",
+      "sampling_rate=1/sampling_period # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"sampling rate is \",sampling_rate,\" samples/second\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "sampling rate is  100.0  samples/second\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter11.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter11.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d9ae373c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter11.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:ce9c4ba63f9ce316e76597a7788141e75bacb70902db486d65612d29b6d08c96"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 11 - Instrument Calibration"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.3.1 - page11-7"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# percentage of the reading and percentage of full scale\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "a=10 #scale reading\n",
+      "b=70 # full scale\n",
+      "error1=-(0.5/10)*100  # in %\n",
+      "print \"step 1\"\n",
+      "print \"error of reading \", error1, \" %\"\n",
+      "error2=-(0.5/100)*100 # in %\n",
+      "print \"error of full scale is \", error2, \" %\"\n",
+      "print \"step 2\"\n",
+      "error3=(2.5/70)*100 # in %\n",
+      "print \"error of reading is \", round(error3,2), \" %\"\n",
+      "error4=(2.5/100)*100 # in %\n",
+      "print \"error of full scale is\", error4, \" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "step 1\n",
+        "error of reading  -5.0  %\n",
+        "error of full scale is  -0.5  %\n",
+        "step 2\n",
+        "error of reading is  3.57  %\n",
+        "error of full scale is 2.5  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.3.2 - page11-9"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      " # wattmeter error and correction figure\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "P1=120.0 # in W\n",
+      "V=114.0 #in volts\n",
+      "I=1 #in A\n",
+      "P=V*I \n",
+      "error1=P-P1 # in W\n",
+      "print \"correction figure is \", error1, \" W\"\n",
+      "error2=(error1/P1)*100  # in %\n",
+      "print \"wattmeter error is \",error2,\" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "correction figure is  -6.0  W\n",
+        "wattmeter error is  -5.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter11_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter11_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d9ae373c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter11_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:ce9c4ba63f9ce316e76597a7788141e75bacb70902db486d65612d29b6d08c96"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 11 - Instrument Calibration"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.3.1 - page11-7"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# percentage of the reading and percentage of full scale\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "a=10 #scale reading\n",
+      "b=70 # full scale\n",
+      "error1=-(0.5/10)*100  # in %\n",
+      "print \"step 1\"\n",
+      "print \"error of reading \", error1, \" %\"\n",
+      "error2=-(0.5/100)*100 # in %\n",
+      "print \"error of full scale is \", error2, \" %\"\n",
+      "print \"step 2\"\n",
+      "error3=(2.5/70)*100 # in %\n",
+      "print \"error of reading is \", round(error3,2), \" %\"\n",
+      "error4=(2.5/100)*100 # in %\n",
+      "print \"error of full scale is\", error4, \" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "step 1\n",
+        "error of reading  -5.0  %\n",
+        "error of full scale is  -0.5  %\n",
+        "step 2\n",
+        "error of reading is  3.57  %\n",
+        "error of full scale is 2.5  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.3.2 - page11-9"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      " # wattmeter error and correction figure\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "P1=120.0 # in W\n",
+      "V=114.0 #in volts\n",
+      "I=1 #in A\n",
+      "P=V*I \n",
+      "error1=P-P1 # in W\n",
+      "print \"correction figure is \", error1, \" W\"\n",
+      "error2=(error1/P1)*100  # in %\n",
+      "print \"wattmeter error is \",error2,\" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "correction figure is  -6.0  W\n",
+        "wattmeter error is  -5.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter11_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter11_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..75895112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter11_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# CHAPTER 11: SIGNAL GENERATORS"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 11-1, Page Number: 317"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Mimimum frequency f(min)= 106.0 Hz\n",
+      "Maximum frequency f(max)= 1.06 kHz\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "R1min=500          #Minimum Value of R1(ohm)\n",
+    "R1max=5*10**3      #Maximum Value of R1(ohm)\n",
+    "C=300*10**-9       #in farad(C=C1=C2) \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "#Using the formula f=1/2*pi*R*C for Wein bridge oscillator\n",
+    "\n",
+    "fmin=1/(2*math.pi*C*R1max)   #Minimum frequency occurs when R1 is maximum(Hz)\n",
+    "fmax=1/(2*math.pi*C*R1min)   #Maximum frequency occurs when R1 is minimum(Hz)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Mimimum frequency f(min)=\",round(fmin),\"Hz\"\n",
+    "print \"Maximum frequency f(max)=\",round(fmax/1000,2),\"kHz\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 11-2, Page Number: 319"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "R3= 1.0 kilo ohm\n",
+      "R1+R2= 49.0 kilo ohm\n",
+      "R1= 4.0 kilo ohm\n",
+      "R2= 45.0 kilo ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vi=5                        #Input voltage(V)\n",
+    "Ib=500*10**-9               #Bias Current(A)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "#With R1 and R2 in the circuit\n",
+    "Vr3=0.1                     #As range is 0-0.1V\n",
+    "Vr=Vi-Vr3                   #KVL\n",
+    "\n",
+    "I3=100*10**-6               #Since I3>>Ib, assume I3=100micro ampere\n",
+    "R3=Vr3/I3                   #Ohm's Law \n",
+    "Rr=Vr/I3                    #Ohm's Law. Rr is equivalent series resistance. Rr=R1+R2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"R3=\",round(R3*10**-3),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"R1+R2=\",round(Rr*10**-3),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#With R2 swithed out of the circuit\n",
+    "Vr3=1                       #Range 0-1V\n",
+    "I3=Vr3/R3                   #Ohm's Law \n",
+    "Vr1=Vi-Vr3                  #KVL\n",
+    "R1=Vr1/I3                   #Ohm's Law\n",
+    "R2=Rr-R1                    #Rr is equivalent series resistance                       \n",
+    "print \"R1=\",R1*10**-3,\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"R2=\",R2*10**-3,\"kilo ohm\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 11-3, Page Number: 326"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 26,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "For contact at top of R1,\n",
+      "f= 1.17 kHz\n",
+      "\n",
+      "For R1 contact at 10% from bottom,\n",
+      "f= 117.0 Hz\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "C1=0.1*10**-6                  #in farad    \n",
+    "R1=1*10**3                     #in ohm\n",
+    "R2=10*10**3                    #in ohm \n",
+    "UTP=3.0                        #in V\n",
+    "LTP=-3.0                       #in V\n",
+    "Vcc=15.0                       #in V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "V3=Vcc-1                       #Op-amp saturation voltage is approximately one less than Vcc\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For contact at top of R1\n",
+    "V1=V3                          \n",
+    "I2=V1/R2\n",
+    "dV=UTP-LTP\n",
+    "t=C1*dV/I2                     #Using equation for a capacitor charging linearly\n",
+    "f=1/(2*t)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"For contact at top of R1,\"\n",
+    "print \"f=\",round(f*10**-3,2),\"kHz\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For R1 at 10% from bottom\n",
+    "\n",
+    "V1=0.1*V3\n",
+    "I2=V1/R2\n",
+    "t=C1* dV/I2                    #Using equation for a capacitor charging linearly\n",
+    "f=1/(2*t)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \n",
+    "print \"For R1 contact at 10% from bottom,\"\n",
+    "print \"f=\",round(f),\"Hz\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 11-4, Page Number: 332"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 32,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "t= 4.13 ms\n",
+      "The frequency of the sqaure wave output is  121.0 Hz\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "R1=20*10**3             #in ohm\n",
+    "R2=6.2*10**3            #in ohm\n",
+    "R3=5.6*10**3            #in ohm\n",
+    "C1=0.2*10**-6           #in farad\n",
+    "Vcc=12.0                #in volt\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vo=Vcc-1                 #Op-amp saturation voltage is approximately one less than Vcc\n",
+    "\n",
+    "UTP=Vo*R3/(R3+R2)        #Upper Threshold Voltage\n",
+    "LTP=-UTP                 #Lower Threshold voltage              \n",
+    " \n",
+    "t=C1*R1*math.log((Vo-LTP)/(Vo-UTP))    #Equation to find pulse width for astable multivibrator\n",
+    "f=1/(2*t)                               \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"t=\",round(t*10**3,2),\"ms\"\n",
+    "print \"The frequency of the sqaure wave output is \",round(f),\"Hz\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 11-5, Page Number: 334"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 35,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Pulse width(PW)= 289.0 micro second\n",
+      "For Pw=6ms, C2 should be 0.2 micro farad\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vcc=10\n",
+    "Vb=1\n",
+    "R1=22*10**3\n",
+    "R2=10*10**3\n",
+    "C1=100*10**-12\n",
+    "C2=0.01*10**-6\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "Vo_plus=Vcc-1\n",
+    "Vo_minus=-(Vcc-1)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "PW=C2*R2*math.log((Vo_plus-Vo_minus)/Vb)\n",
+    "print \"Pulse width(PW)=\",round(PW*10**6),\"micro second\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When Pw=6ms, C2 is found as follows\n",
+    "PW=6*10**-3\n",
+    "C2=PW/(R2*math.log((Vo_plus-Vo_minus)/Vb))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"For Pw=6ms, C2 should be\",round(C2*10**6,1),\"micro farad\"\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter12.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter12.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..20148432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:35a41e7b4dbc1cdc77b9a35c5ee4f207fb6b4dc38c71b3e96011895ab456b780"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter12 - Recorders"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.5.1 - page12-7   "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# chart speed\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "f=50.0  # frequency in Hz\n",
+      "period=1/f  # in seconds\n",
+      "t=5  #in mm/cycle\n",
+      "chart_speed=t/period\n",
+      "print \"chart speed = \", chart_speed,\" mm/s\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "chart speed =  250.0  mm/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter12_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter12_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..20148432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter12_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:35a41e7b4dbc1cdc77b9a35c5ee4f207fb6b4dc38c71b3e96011895ab456b780"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter12 - Recorders"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.5.1 - page12-7   "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# chart speed\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "f=50.0  # frequency in Hz\n",
+      "period=1/f  # in seconds\n",
+      "t=5  #in mm/cycle\n",
+      "chart_speed=t/period\n",
+      "print \"chart speed = \", chart_speed,\" mm/s\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "chart speed =  250.0  mm/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter12_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter12_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..6d83b13e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter12_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# CHAPTER 12: INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 12-1, Page Number: 355"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "When scale reading is 10 V and precise voltage is 9.5 V,\n",
+      "Error=- -5.0 % of reading= -0.5 % of full scale\n",
+      "\n",
+      "When scale reading is 50 V and precise voltage is 51.7 V,\n",
+      "Error= + 3.4 % of reading= + 1.7 % of full scale\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For Scale reading =10 V, and precise voltage=9.5 V\n",
+    "scale_reading=10                                            #Scale reading is 10 V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "precise_reading=9.5                                         #Precise voltage is 9.5 V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "error=(precise_reading-scale_reading)/scale_reading*100     #Error in percentage form w.r.t reading\n",
+    "\n",
+    "error_fullscale=(precise_reading-scale_reading)*100/100     #Error with respect to full scale \n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"When scale reading is 10 V and precise voltage is 9.5 V,\"\n",
+    "print \"Error=-\",round(error,1),\"% of reading=\",error_fullscale, \"% of full scale\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \n",
+    "#For Scale reading =50 V, and precise voltage=51.7 V\n",
+    "scale_reading=50                                            #Scale reading is 50 V\n",
+    "precise_reading=51.7                                        #Precise voltage is 51.7 V\n",
+    "error=(precise_reading-scale_reading)/scale_reading*100     #Error in percentage form \n",
+    "error_fullscale=(precise_reading-scale_reading)*100/100\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"When scale reading is 50 V and precise voltage is 51.7 V,\"\n",
+    "print \"Error= +\",round(error,1),\"% of reading= +\",error_fullscale, \"% of full scale\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 12-2, Page Number: 357"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Correction figure= -6 W\n",
+      "Error= -5 %\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "V=114               #Measured Voltage in V\n",
+    "I=1                 #Measured Current in A\n",
+    "W=120               #Full Scale wattage in W\n",
+    "\n",
+    "P=V*I               #Wattmeter Power\n",
+    "error=P-W           #Correction figure\n",
+    "print \"Correction figure=\",error,\"W\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "error=error*100/W   #Error %\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Error=\",error,\"%\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 12-3, Page Number 361"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 36,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Therefore Vo= 5 V ± 700.0 micro volt\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "R4=1125.0\n",
+    "R5=4017.9\n",
+    "Vz=6.4\n",
+    "accuracy=100.0/10**6           #100ppm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "#Maximum and Minimum values of resistances in ohm\n",
+    "R4max=R4*(1+accuracy)        \n",
+    "R4min=R4*(1-accuracy)\n",
+    "R5max=R5*(1+accuracy)\n",
+    "R5min=R5*(1-accuracy)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Maximum and minimum zener voltages in V\n",
+    "Vzmax=Vz+Vz*0.01/100                  #Maximum voltage is Vz+0.01% of Vz\n",
+    "Vzmin=Vz-Vz*0.01/100                  #Minimum voltage is Vz-0.01% of Vz\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Maximum and minimum output voltages in V\n",
+    "Vomax=Vzmax*(R5max/(R4min+R5max))     #Output is maximum when Vz is maximum, R5 is minimum and R4 is maximum\n",
+    "Vomin=Vzmin*(R5min/(R4max+R5min))     #Output is minimum when Vzi mimimum, R5 is maximum and R4 is minimum\n",
+    "Vo=Vz*(R5/(R4+R5))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "error=round(Vomax-Vo,4)               #Deviation of output voltage from theoretical value \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"Therefore Vo=\",int(Vo),\"V ±\",error*10**6,\"micro volt\"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 12-4, Page Number: 364"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "When the potentiometer is calibrated, I= 20.0 mA\n",
+      "R1= 50.0 ohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Vx= 1.886 V\n",
+      "\n",
+      "The value of R2 to limit standard cell current to 20 micro ampere is  200 kilo ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Rab=100        #Resistance of wire AB, in ohm\n",
+    "Vb1=3          #Battery B1, terminal voltage(V)\n",
+    "Vb2=1.0190     #Standard Cell Voltage(V) \n",
+    "l=50.95        #Length BC, in cm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At Calibration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vbc=Vb2                              \n",
+    "volt_per_unit_length=Vbc/l        #in V/cm\n",
+    "Vab=100*volt_per_unit_length      #in V \n",
+    "I=Vab/Rab                         #Ohm's Law\n",
+    "Vr1=Vb1-Vab                       #KVL \n",
+    "R1=Vr1/I                           \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At 94.3cm\n",
+    "Vx=94.3*volt_per_unit_length\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Worst case: Terminal voltage of B2 or B1 may be reversed\n",
+    "#Total voltage producing current flow through standard cell is\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vt=Vb2+Vb1\n",
+    "R2=Vt/(20*10**-6)       #Value of resistance R2 to limit standard cell current to a maximum of 20 micro ampere\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"When the potentiometer is calibrated, I=\",I*10**3,\"mA\"\n",
+    "print \"R1=\",R1,\"ohm\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \n",
+    "print \"Vx=\",round(Vx,3),\"V\"\n",
+    "print \n",
+    "print \"The value of R2 to limit standard cell current to 20 micro ampere is \",int(R2*10**-3),\"kilo ohm\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 12-5, Page Number: 367"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 15,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The instrument can measure a maximum of 1.6 V\n",
+      "Instrument resolution=± 0.2 mV\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "R3=509.5                   #in ohm\n",
+    "R4=290.5                   #in ohm\n",
+    "R13=100                    #in ohm\n",
+    "l=100                      #in cm\n",
+    "Vb2=1.0190                 #in V(Standard Cell Voltage)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vr3=Vb2     \n",
+    "I1=Vb2/R3                  #Ohm's Law \n",
+    " \n",
+    "#Maximum measurable voltage:\n",
+    "Vae=I1*(R3+R4)             #Maximum measurable voltage in V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Resolution\n",
+    "I2=Vae/(8*R13)             #in A     \n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vab=I2*R13\n",
+    "slidewire_vper_length=Vab/l   #in V/mm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "instrument_resolution=slidewire_vper_length*1  #As contact can be read within 1 mm, 1 is multiplied\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"The instrument can measure a maximum of\",Vae,\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"Instrument resolution=±\",instrument_resolution*10**2,\"mV\""
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter16.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter16.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..e589bb65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter16.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# CHAPTER 16: LABORATORY POWER SUPPLIES"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 16-1, Page Number: 423"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Source Effect= 50.0 mV\n",
+      "Line Regulation= 0.42 %\n",
+      "Load Effect= 100.0 mV\n",
+      "Load Regulation= 0.83 %\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Output voltages at various instances in V\n",
+    "Eo1=12\n",
+    "Eo2=11.95\n",
+    "Eo3=12\n",
+    "Eo4=11.9\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "source_effect=Eo1-Eo2                    #Change in output voltage due to 10% change in input\n",
+    "line_regulation=source_effect*100/Eo1    #percentage\n",
+    "\n",
+    "load_effect=Eo3-Eo4                     #Change in output voltage due to change in load from no load to minimum load \n",
+    "load_regulation=load_effect*100/Eo3\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"Source Effect=\",source_effect*10**3,\"mV\"\n",
+    "print \"Line Regulation=\",round(line_regulation,2),\"%\"\n",
+    "print \"Load Effect=\",load_effect*10**3,\"mV\"\n",
+    "print \"Load Regulation=\",round(load_regulation,2),\"%\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 16-2, Page Number: 428"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Maximum output voltage= 15.2 V\n",
+      "Minimum output voltgae= 9.9 V\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vz=6                   #Zener voltage in V\n",
+    "R2=5.6*10**3           #in ohm\n",
+    "R3=5.6*10**3           #in ohm\n",
+    "R4=3*10**3             #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When the moving contact is at the botton of R4, \n",
+    "Vr3=Vz                 #in V\n",
+    "I3=Vz/R3               #in A\n",
+    "Eo=I3*(R2+R3+R4)       #in V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Maximum output voltage=\",round(Eo,1),\"V\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When the moving contact is at the top of R4\n",
+    "\n",
+    "I3=Vz/(R3+R4)         #in A\n",
+    "Eo=I3*(R2+R3+R4)      #in V     \n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Minimum output voltgae=\",round(Eo,1),\"V\""
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter2.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..3442a20e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1549 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:95b9e0f83468dda84f2de4d99c5a704a6fadf8064c232b063678fd245192ca75"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter2 - Measurement Errors"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.1 - page : 2-8"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#precision of the 5th measurement\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "X1=98.0 \n",
+      "X2=101.0\n",
+      "X3=102.0 \n",
+      "X4=97.0 \n",
+      "X5=101.0 \n",
+      "X6=100.0 \n",
+      "X7=103.0 \n",
+      "X8=98.0 \n",
+      "X9=106.0 \n",
+      "X10=99.0 \n",
+      "Xn_bar=(X1+X2+X3+X4+X5+X6+X7+X8+X9+X10)/10 \n",
+      "Xn=101 # value of 5th measurement\n",
+      "P=(1-abs((Xn-Xn_bar)/Xn_bar))*100 \n",
+      "print \"Precision of the 5th measurement, P = \", round(P,2), \" %\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Precision of the 5th measurement, P =  99.5  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.2.i - page : 2-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Absolute error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Ae=80.0 # in V\n",
+      "Am=79.0 # in V\n",
+      "e=Ae-Am \n",
+      "print \"Absolute error, e = \", e, \" V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Absolute error, e =  1.0  V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.2.ii - page : 2-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Ae=80.0 # in V\n",
+      "Am=79.0 # in V\n",
+      "e=Ae-Am \n",
+      "error1=(e/Ae)*100 \n",
+      "print \"Error = \", error1, \" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Error =  1.25  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.2.iii - page : 2-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Relative accuracy\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Ae=80.0 # in V\n",
+      "Am=79.0 # in V\n",
+      "e=Ae-Am \n",
+      "error1=(e/Ae)*100 \n",
+      "A=(1-abs(e/Ae)) \n",
+      "print \"Relative Accuracy, A = \", A"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Relative Accuracy, A =  0.9875\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.2.iv - page : 2-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# % accuracy\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Ae=80.0 # in V\n",
+      "Am=79.0 # in V\n",
+      "e=Ae-Am \n",
+      "error1=(e/Ae)*100 \n",
+      "A=(1-abs(e/Ae)) \n",
+      "accuracy=A*100 \n",
+      "print \"Accuracy = \", accuracy, \" %\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Accuracy =  98.75  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.2.v - page : 2-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# % error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Ae=80.0 # in V\n",
+      "Am=79.0 # in V\n",
+      "e=Ae-Am \n",
+      "f=100.0 #full scale deflection\n",
+      "error1=(e/Ae)*100 \n",
+      "A=(1-abs(e/Ae)) \n",
+      "accuracy=A*100 \n",
+      "P_error=(e/f)*100 \n",
+      "print \"% error = \", P_error, \" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "% error =  1.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.3 - page : 2-11"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Maximum error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "V1=100.0 # in V\n",
+      "V2=200.0 #in V\n",
+      "V=V2-V1 \n",
+      "A=0.25 #may be \u00b1 in %\n",
+      "max_error=(A/100)*V \n",
+      "print \"Maximum error = \u00b1 \", max_error, \" V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Maximum error = \u00b1  0.25  V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.4 - page : 2-12"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# sensitivity and deflection error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "C=4.0 # change in output in mm\n",
+      "M=8.0 # magnitude of input in ohm\n",
+      "S=C/M \n",
+      "print \"sensitivity, S = \", S, \" mm/ohm\"\n",
+      "D=M/C \n",
+      "print \"Deflection factor, D = \", D, \" ohm/mm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "sensitivity, S =  0.5  mm/ohm\n",
+        "Deflection factor, D =  2.0  ohm/mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.5 - page : 2-14"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resolution\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "V=200.0 # full scale reading in V\n",
+      "N=100.0 # number of divisions \n",
+      "Scale_div=V/N \n",
+      "R=(1.0/10)*Scale_div \n",
+      "print \"Resolution, R = \", R, \" V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resolution, R =  0.2  V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.6 - page : 2-14"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resolution\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "V=9.999 # full scale read out in volt\n",
+      "c=9999.0 # range from 0 to 9999\n",
+      "R=(1/c)*V*10**3 \n",
+      "print \"Resolution, R = \", R, \" mV\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resolution, R =  1.0  mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.1 - page : 2-23"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Magnitude and relative error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "R1=15.0 #ohm\n",
+      "E1=R1*5.0/100 # \u00b1 limiting error for R1\n",
+      "R2=33.0 #ohm\n",
+      "E2=R2*2.0/100 # \u00b1 limiting error for R2\n",
+      "R3=75.0 #ohm\n",
+      "E3=R3*5.0/100 # \u00b1 limiting error for R3\n",
+      "RT=R1+R2+R3 # ohm(in series)\n",
+      "ET=E1+E2+E3 #\u00b1limiting error for RT\n",
+      "print \"For series connection, magnitude is \", RT, \" ohm & limiting error is \u00b1 \", ET, \" ohm.\" \n",
+      "Epr=ET/RT*100 #%\n",
+      "print \"Percent relative error : \u00b1\", round(Epr,1),\" %\" \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Answer is not accurate in the textbook."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "For series connection, magnitude is  123.0  ohm & limiting error is \u00b1  5.16  ohm.\n",
+        "Percent relative error : \u00b1 4.2  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.2 - page : 2-23"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Magnitude and relative error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "R1=36.0 #ohm\n",
+      "E1=5.0 # \u00b1 limiting error for R1\n",
+      "R2=75.0 #ohm\n",
+      "E2=5.0 # \u00b1 limiting error for R2\n",
+      "RT=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2) #ohm(in parallel)\n",
+      "EP1=E1+E2 # \u00b1 limiting error\n",
+      "EP2=((R1*E1)/(R1+R2))+((R2*E2)/(R1+R2)) \n",
+      "ET=EP1+EP2 \n",
+      "etm=(ET/100)*RT \n",
+      "print \"Magnitude of limiting error is \u00b1\", round(etm,2), \" ohm\"\n",
+      "print \"Percentage relative error is \u00b1\", ET, \" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Magnitude of limiting error is \u00b1 3.65  ohm\n",
+        "Percentage relative error is \u00b1 15.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.3  page : 2-24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Limiting error\n",
+      "vr=40.0 #reading of voltmeter in volts\n",
+      "v=50.0 #rane in volts\n",
+      "va=50.0 #ammeeter reading in mA\n",
+      "i=125.0 #range in mA\n",
+      "fsd=2.0 #accurace in percentage in \u00b1\n",
+      "dv=(2.0/100)*v #limiting error of voltmeter\n",
+      "da=(2./100)*i #liming error of the ammeter in mA\n",
+      "erv=dv/vr #relative limiting error in voltmeter reading\n",
+      "eri=da/i #relative limiting error in ammeter reading\n",
+      "et=erv+eri \n",
+      "pet=et*100 #percentage limiting error of the power calcultaed\n",
+      "print \"Percentage limiting error of the power calcultaed is \u00b1 \",pet,\" %\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Percentage limiting error of the power calcultaed is \u00b1  4.5  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.4 - page : 2-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# limiting error\n",
+      "r1=120.0 # ohm\n",
+      "er1=0.5 #limiting error in resistance 1 in ohm \u00b1\n",
+      "r2=2 #in A\n",
+      "er2=0.02 #limiting error in amperes \u00b1\n",
+      "e1=er2/r2 #limiting error in current\n",
+      "e2=er1/r1 #limiting eror in resistance\n",
+      "et=(2*e1+e2) #total error\n",
+      "etp=et*100 #percentage limtimg error\n",
+      "print \"Percentage limiting error in the value of power dissipation is \u00b1\",round(etp,3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Percentage limiting error in the value of power dissipation is \u00b1 2.417\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.5 - page : 2-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#magnitude and limiting error\n",
+      "r1=120 #in ohm\n",
+      "er1=0.1 #limiting error in resistance 1 in ohm \u00b1\n",
+      "r2=2700 #in ohm\n",
+      "er2=0.5 #limiting error in resistance 2 in ohm \u00b1\n",
+      "r3=470 #in ohm\n",
+      "er3=0.5 #limiting error in resistance 3 in ohm \u00b1\n",
+      "rxm=(r2*r3)/r1 #magnitude of unknown resistance in ohm\n",
+      "rxe=(er1+er2+er3) #error\n",
+      "er=(rxe*rxm)/100 #relative error \u00b1\n",
+      "print \"Magnitude of unknown resistance is \",rxm,\" kohm\"\n",
+      "print \"Relative limiting error is \u00b1\",er,\" ohm\"\n",
+      "print \"Guranteed value of resistance is between \",rxm-er, \" ohm to \" ,rxm+er,\" ohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Magnitude of unknown resistance is  10575  kohm\n",
+        "Relative limiting error is \u00b1 116.325  ohm\n",
+        "Guranteed value of resistance is between  10458.675  ohm to  10691.325  ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.6 - page : 2-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# absolute error, % error, relative error, % accuracy and % error of full scale reading\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Ae=80.0 # in volt\n",
+      "Am=79 # in volt\n",
+      "fsd=100 #full scale reading in volt\n",
+      "e=Ae-Am \n",
+      "print \"Absolute error, e = \",e,\" V\"\n",
+      "error1=(e/Ae)*100 \n",
+      "print \"Error = \",error1,\" %\"\n",
+      "A=1-abs(e/Ae) \n",
+      "print \"Relative accuracy, A = \",A,\" %\"\n",
+      "p_accuracy=A*100 \n",
+      "print \"% accuracy = \",p_accuracy,\" %\"\n",
+      "error2=(e/fsd)*100 \n",
+      "print \"% error expressed as percentage of full scale reading = \",error2,\" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Absolute error, e =  1.0  V\n",
+        "Error =  1.25  %\n",
+        "Relative accuracy, A =  0.9875  %\n",
+        "% accuracy =  98.75  %\n",
+        "% error expressed as percentage of full scale reading =  1.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.7 - page : 2-27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# limiting error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "fsd=100.0 # in V\n",
+      "A=1.0 # (+ve or -ve) in %\n",
+      "del_A=(A/100)*fsd \n",
+      "As=15.0 #in V\n",
+      "e1=del_A/As \n",
+      "e=e1*100 \n",
+      "print \"Limiting error, e = \",round(e,4),\" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Limiting error, e =  6.6667  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.8 - page : 2-27 "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# limiting value of current and % limiting error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "As=2.5 # in A\n",
+      "fsd=10 #full scale reading in A\n",
+      "A=1.5/100 \n",
+      "del_A=A*fsd \n",
+      "At1=As+del_A \n",
+      "At2=As-del_A \n",
+      "print \"Limiting value of current, At1 = \",At1,\" A\"\n",
+      "print \"Limiting value of current, At2 = \",At2,\" A\"\n",
+      "e=(del_A/As)*100 \n",
+      "print \"Percentage limiting error, e = \",e,\" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Limiting value of current, At1 =  2.65  A\n",
+        "Limiting value of current, At2 =  2.35  A\n",
+        "Percentage limiting error, e =  6.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.1.i - page : 2-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ARITHEMATIC MEAN\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[49.7,50.1,50.2,49.6,49.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "print \"Arithematic mean is \",AM\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithematic mean is  49.86\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 57
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.1.ii - page : 2-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#deviation\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[49.7,50.1,50.2,49.6,49.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "print \"Deviations of each value are : \"\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    print dev\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Deviations of each value are : \n",
+        "-0.16\n",
+        "0.24\n",
+        "0.34\n",
+        "-0.26\n",
+        "-0.16\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 58
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.1.iii - page : 2-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#algebric sum of deviation\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[49.7,50.1,50.2,49.6,49.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "dtotal=sum(d)\n",
+      "print \"Algebric sum of deviation is\", round(dtotal,4)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Algebric sum of deviation is 0.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 59
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.1.iv - page : 2-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#standard deviation\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[49.7,50.1,50.2,49.6,49.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "sigma=0\n",
+      "n=5 # no. of measurements\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    sigma+=dev**2\n",
+      "sigma/=(n-1)\n",
+      "sigma**=(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Standard Deviation is \",round(sigma,2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Standard Deviation is  0.27\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 60
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.2.i - page : 2-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ARITHEMATIC MEAN\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[101.2,101.4,101.7,101.3,101.3,101.2,101.0,101.3,101.5,101.1] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "print \"Arithematic mean is \",AM,\" V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithematic mean is  101.3  V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 61
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.2.ii - page : 2-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Deviation from mean\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[101.2,101.4,101.7,101.3,101.3,101.2,101.0,101.3,101.5,101.1] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "print \"Deviations of each value are : \"\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    print dev\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Deviations of each value are : \n",
+        "-0.1\n",
+        "0.1\n",
+        "0.4\n",
+        "0.0\n",
+        "0.0\n",
+        "-0.1\n",
+        "-0.3\n",
+        "0.0\n",
+        "0.2\n",
+        "-0.2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 62
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.2.iii - page : 2-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#standard deviation\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[101.2,101.4,101.7,101.3,101.3,101.2,101.0,101.3,101.5,101.1] \n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "sigma=0\n",
+      "n=10 # no. of measurements\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    sigma+=dev**2\n",
+      "sigma/=(n-1)\n",
+      "sigma**=(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Standard Deviation is \",round(sigma,2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Standard Deviation is  0.2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 63
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.2.iv - page : 2-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#probable error\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[101.2,101.4,101.7,101.3,101.3,101.2,101.0,101.3,101.5,101.1] \n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "sigma=0\n",
+      "n=10 # no. of measurements\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    sigma+=dev**2\n",
+      "sigma/=(n-1)\n",
+      "sigma**=(1.0/2)\n",
+      "pe1=0.6745*sigma   # Probable error of one reading\n",
+      "print \"Probable error of one reading is \",pe1,\" V\"\n",
+      "pm=pe1/(n-1)**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Probable error of mean is \",round(pm,5)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Probable error of one reading is  0.1349  V\n",
+        "Probable error of mean is  0.04497\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 64
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.3.i - page : 2-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Arithmetic mean\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "X1=147.2 # in nF\n",
+      "X2=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X3=147.9 # in nF\n",
+      "X4=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X5=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X6=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "X7=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X8=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X9=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X10=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "AM=(X1+X2+X3+X4+X5+X6+X7+X8+X9+X10)/10 \n",
+      "print \"Arithmetic mean, AM = \",AM,\" nF\" "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithmetic mean, AM =  147.63  nF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 77
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.3.ii - page : 2-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Average deviation\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "n=10 \n",
+      "X1=147.2 # in nF\n",
+      "X2=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X3=147.9 # in nF\n",
+      "X4=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X5=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X6=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "X7=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X8=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X9=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X10=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "AM=(X1+X2+X3+X4+X5+X6+X7+X8+X9+X10)/n \n",
+      "d1=X1-AM \n",
+      "d2=X2-AM \n",
+      "d3=X3-AM \n",
+      "d4=X4-AM \n",
+      "d5=X5-AM \n",
+      "d6=X6-AM \n",
+      "d7=X7-AM \n",
+      "d8=X8-AM \n",
+      "d9=X9-AM \n",
+      "d10=X10-AM \n",
+      "Average_deviation=(abs(d1)+abs(d2)+abs(d3)+abs(d4)+abs(d5)+abs(d5)+abs(d6)+abs(d7)+abs(d8)+abs(d9)+abs(d10))/n \n",
+      "print \"Average deviation = \",Average_deviation,\" nF\"\n",
+      "# answer is wrong in book"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average deviation =  0.289  nF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 79
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.3.iii - page : 2-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Standard deviation\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "n=10 \n",
+      "X1=147.2 # in nF\n",
+      "X2=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X3=147.9 # in nF\n",
+      "X4=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X5=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X6=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "X7=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X8=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X9=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X10=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "AM=(X1+X2+X3+X4+X5+X6+X7+X8+X9+X10)/n \n",
+      "d1=X1-AM \n",
+      "d2=X2-AM \n",
+      "d3=X3-AM \n",
+      "d4=X4-AM \n",
+      "d5=X5-AM \n",
+      "d6=X6-AM \n",
+      "d7=X7-AM \n",
+      "d8=X8-AM \n",
+      "d9=X9-AM \n",
+      "d10=X10-AM \n",
+      "sigma=((d1**2+d2**2+d3**2+d4**2+d5**2+d6**2+d7**2+d8**2+d9**2+d10**2)/(n-1))**(1.0/2) \n",
+      "print \"Standard deviation = \",round(sigma,4),\" nF\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Standard deviation =  0.3057  nF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 82
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.3.iv - page : 2-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#: Probable error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "n=10 \n",
+      "X1=147.2 # in nF\n",
+      "X2=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X3=147.9 # in nF\n",
+      "X4=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X5=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X6=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "X7=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X8=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X9=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X10=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "AM=(X1+X2+X3+X4+X5+X6+X7+X8+X9+X10)/n \n",
+      "d1=X1-AM \n",
+      "d2=X2-AM \n",
+      "d3=X3-AM \n",
+      "d4=X4-AM \n",
+      "d5=X5-AM \n",
+      "d6=X6-AM \n",
+      "d7=X7-AM \n",
+      "d8=X8-AM \n",
+      "d9=X9-AM \n",
+      "d10=X10-AM \n",
+      "sigma=((d1**2+d2**2+d3**2+d4**2+d5**2+d6**2+d7**2+d8**2+d9**2+d10**2)/(n-1))**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "Pe1=0.6745*sigma # probable error of one reading\n",
+      "probable_error=Pe1/(n-1)**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Probable error of one reading = \",round(Pe1,4),\" nF\"\n",
+      "print \"Probable error of mean = \",round(probable_error,4),\" nF\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Probable error of one reading =  0.2062  nF\n",
+        "Probable error of mean =  0.0687  nF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 86
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.4.i - page : 2-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ARITHEMATIC MEAN\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[10.3,10.7,10.9,9.7,9.5,9.2,10.3,11.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "print \"Arithematic mean is \",AM,\"  kg/cm2\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in textbook\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithematic mean is  10.2875   kg/cm2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 65
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.4.ii - page : 2-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#average deviation\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "n=8  # NO. OF MEASUREMENTS\n",
+      "q=[10.3,10.7,10.9,9.7,9.5,9.2,10.3,11.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM  # deviation\n",
+      "davg=sum(abs(d))/n  # average deviation\n",
+      "print \"Average deviation = \",round(davg,4),\" kg/cm2\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average deviation =  0.6156  kg/cm2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 66
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.4.iii - page : 2-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#standard deviation\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[10.3,10.7,10.9,9.7,9.5,9.2,10.3,11.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "sigma=0\n",
+      "n=8  # no. of measurements\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    sigma+=dev**2\n",
+      "sigma/=(n-1)\n",
+      "sigma**=(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Standard Deviation is \",round(sigma,4),\" kg/cm2\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in textbook\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Standard Deviation is  0.8184  kg/cm2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 95
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.4.iv - page : 2-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#probable error\n",
+      "n=8  # no. of measurements\n",
+      "q=[10.3,10.7,10.9,9.7,9.5,9.2,10.3,11.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "sigma=0\n",
+      "n=10 # no. of measurements\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    sigma+=dev**2\n",
+      "sigma/=(n-1)\n",
+      "sigma**=(1.0/2)\n",
+      "pe1=0.6745*sigma   # Probable error of one reading\n",
+      "print \"Probable error of one reading is \",round(pe1,4),\" kg/cm2\"\n",
+      "pm=pe1/(n-1)**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Probable error of mean is \",round(pm,4),\" kg/cm2\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in textbook\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Probable error of one reading is  0.4868  kg/cm2\n",
+        "Probable error of mean is  0.1623  kg/cm2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 67
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8.1 - page : 2-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ARITHEMATIC MEAN ,median value ,standard deviation and variance\n",
+      "q=[25.5,30.3,31.1,29.6,32.4,39.4,28.9,30.0,33.3,31.4,29.5,30.5,31.7,33.0,29.2] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "n=len(q) # no. of measurements\n",
+      "Q=q-AM\n",
+      "mv=sorted(q)[n/2] # get the median value from sorted q\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "sigma=0\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    sigma+=dev**2\n",
+      "sigma/=(n-1)\n",
+      "sigma**=(1.0/2)  #standard deviation\n",
+      "V=sigma**2 #variance\n",
+      "print \"Arithematic mean is \",round(AM,4),\" V\"\n",
+      "print \"Median value is\",round(mv,1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Standard Deviation is \",round(sigma,2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Variance is \",round(V,0)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithematic mean is  31.0533  V\n",
+        "Median value is 30.5\n",
+        "Standard Deviation is  3.0\n",
+        "Variance is  9.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 116
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8.2 - page : 2-37"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ARITHEMATIC MEAN\n",
+      "#from __future__ import division\n",
+      "v=[10,11,12,13,14] #\n",
+      "f=[03,12,18,12,03] #\n",
+      "xn=[a*b for a,b in zip(v,f)]\n",
+      "am=sum(xn)/sum(f)   # arithmetic mean\n",
+      "print \"Arithematic mean is \",am,\" V\"\n",
+      "dn=[x-am for x in v]  # deviation\n",
+      "n_dn=[a*b for a,b in zip(f,dn)]\n",
+      "dn2=[a*b for a,b in zip(dn,dn)]\n",
+      "n_dn2=[a*b for a,b in zip(f,dn2)]\n",
+      "absn_dn=[abs(a) for a in n_dn]\n",
+      "mean_dev=sum(absn_dn)/sum(f)\n",
+      "print \"Mean deviation = \",mean_dev\n",
+      "sigma=(sum(n_dn2)/sum(f))**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Standard deviation is \", sigma\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithematic mean is  12.0  V\n",
+        "Mean deviation =  0.75\n",
+        "Standard deviation is  1.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 46
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8.3 - page : 2-37"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ARITHEMATIC MEAN ,median value ,standard deviation \n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[29.2,29.5,29.6,30.0,30.5,31.4,31.7,32.4,33.0,33.3,39.4,28.9] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q)#arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "print \"Arithematic mean is \",round(AM,2)\n",
+      "mv=sorted(q)[int(len(q)/2-1)]\n",
+      "print \"Median value = \",mv\n",
+      "d=[x-AM for x in q]\n",
+      "d2=[x**2 for x in d]\n",
+      "sigma=(sum(d2)/(len(q)-1))**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Standard Deviation = \",round(sigma,3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithematic mean is  31.57\n",
+        "Median value =  30.5\n",
+        "Standard Deviation =  2.886\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 97
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8.4 - page:2-39"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Unknown resistor \n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "S=1000.0    # ohm/V\n",
+      "V=100.0 #in V\n",
+      "I=5*10**-3 # in A\n",
+      "# part (i)\n",
+      "R_app=(V/I)*10**-3 \n",
+      "print \"(i) Apparent Resistor, R_app = \",R_app, \" kohm\"\n",
+      "# part (ii)\n",
+      "V1=150 #in V\n",
+      "Rv=S*V1*10**-3 \n",
+      "Rx=Rv/6.5 #actual resistance in kohm\n",
+      "print \"(ii) Actual resistance is \",round(Rx,2),\" kohm.\"\n",
+      "# part(iii)\n",
+      "per=(Rx-R_app)/Rx*100 # in %\n",
+      "print \"(iii) Percentage error due to loading effect of voltmeter is \",round(per,1), \" %\" \n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(i) Apparent Resistor, R_app =  20.0  kohm\n",
+        "(ii) Actual resistance is  23.08  kohm.\n",
+        "(iii) Percentage error due to loading effect of voltmeter is  13.3  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 103
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8.5 - page : 2-40"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# limiting error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "del_A=2.5 # may be +ve or-ve in %\n",
+      "As=400.0 \n",
+      "FSD=600.0 # in V\n",
+      "del_A1=(del_A/100)*FSD \n",
+      "e=(del_A1/As)*100 # in %\n",
+      "print \"Limiting error, e = \",e, \" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Limiting error, e =  3.75  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 104
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter2_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter2_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..3442a20e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter2_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1549 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:95b9e0f83468dda84f2de4d99c5a704a6fadf8064c232b063678fd245192ca75"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter2 - Measurement Errors"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.1 - page : 2-8"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#precision of the 5th measurement\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "X1=98.0 \n",
+      "X2=101.0\n",
+      "X3=102.0 \n",
+      "X4=97.0 \n",
+      "X5=101.0 \n",
+      "X6=100.0 \n",
+      "X7=103.0 \n",
+      "X8=98.0 \n",
+      "X9=106.0 \n",
+      "X10=99.0 \n",
+      "Xn_bar=(X1+X2+X3+X4+X5+X6+X7+X8+X9+X10)/10 \n",
+      "Xn=101 # value of 5th measurement\n",
+      "P=(1-abs((Xn-Xn_bar)/Xn_bar))*100 \n",
+      "print \"Precision of the 5th measurement, P = \", round(P,2), \" %\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Precision of the 5th measurement, P =  99.5  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.2.i - page : 2-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Absolute error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Ae=80.0 # in V\n",
+      "Am=79.0 # in V\n",
+      "e=Ae-Am \n",
+      "print \"Absolute error, e = \", e, \" V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Absolute error, e =  1.0  V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.2.ii - page : 2-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Ae=80.0 # in V\n",
+      "Am=79.0 # in V\n",
+      "e=Ae-Am \n",
+      "error1=(e/Ae)*100 \n",
+      "print \"Error = \", error1, \" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Error =  1.25  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.2.iii - page : 2-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Relative accuracy\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Ae=80.0 # in V\n",
+      "Am=79.0 # in V\n",
+      "e=Ae-Am \n",
+      "error1=(e/Ae)*100 \n",
+      "A=(1-abs(e/Ae)) \n",
+      "print \"Relative Accuracy, A = \", A"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Relative Accuracy, A =  0.9875\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.2.iv - page : 2-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# % accuracy\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Ae=80.0 # in V\n",
+      "Am=79.0 # in V\n",
+      "e=Ae-Am \n",
+      "error1=(e/Ae)*100 \n",
+      "A=(1-abs(e/Ae)) \n",
+      "accuracy=A*100 \n",
+      "print \"Accuracy = \", accuracy, \" %\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Accuracy =  98.75  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.2.v - page : 2-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# % error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Ae=80.0 # in V\n",
+      "Am=79.0 # in V\n",
+      "e=Ae-Am \n",
+      "f=100.0 #full scale deflection\n",
+      "error1=(e/Ae)*100 \n",
+      "A=(1-abs(e/Ae)) \n",
+      "accuracy=A*100 \n",
+      "P_error=(e/f)*100 \n",
+      "print \"% error = \", P_error, \" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "% error =  1.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.3 - page : 2-11"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Maximum error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "V1=100.0 # in V\n",
+      "V2=200.0 #in V\n",
+      "V=V2-V1 \n",
+      "A=0.25 #may be \u00b1 in %\n",
+      "max_error=(A/100)*V \n",
+      "print \"Maximum error = \u00b1 \", max_error, \" V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Maximum error = \u00b1  0.25  V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.4 - page : 2-12"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# sensitivity and deflection error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "C=4.0 # change in output in mm\n",
+      "M=8.0 # magnitude of input in ohm\n",
+      "S=C/M \n",
+      "print \"sensitivity, S = \", S, \" mm/ohm\"\n",
+      "D=M/C \n",
+      "print \"Deflection factor, D = \", D, \" ohm/mm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "sensitivity, S =  0.5  mm/ohm\n",
+        "Deflection factor, D =  2.0  ohm/mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.5 - page : 2-14"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resolution\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "V=200.0 # full scale reading in V\n",
+      "N=100.0 # number of divisions \n",
+      "Scale_div=V/N \n",
+      "R=(1.0/10)*Scale_div \n",
+      "print \"Resolution, R = \", R, \" V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resolution, R =  0.2  V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3.6 - page : 2-14"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resolution\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "V=9.999 # full scale read out in volt\n",
+      "c=9999.0 # range from 0 to 9999\n",
+      "R=(1/c)*V*10**3 \n",
+      "print \"Resolution, R = \", R, \" mV\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resolution, R =  1.0  mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.1 - page : 2-23"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Magnitude and relative error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "R1=15.0 #ohm\n",
+      "E1=R1*5.0/100 # \u00b1 limiting error for R1\n",
+      "R2=33.0 #ohm\n",
+      "E2=R2*2.0/100 # \u00b1 limiting error for R2\n",
+      "R3=75.0 #ohm\n",
+      "E3=R3*5.0/100 # \u00b1 limiting error for R3\n",
+      "RT=R1+R2+R3 # ohm(in series)\n",
+      "ET=E1+E2+E3 #\u00b1limiting error for RT\n",
+      "print \"For series connection, magnitude is \", RT, \" ohm & limiting error is \u00b1 \", ET, \" ohm.\" \n",
+      "Epr=ET/RT*100 #%\n",
+      "print \"Percent relative error : \u00b1\", round(Epr,1),\" %\" \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Answer is not accurate in the textbook."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "For series connection, magnitude is  123.0  ohm & limiting error is \u00b1  5.16  ohm.\n",
+        "Percent relative error : \u00b1 4.2  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.2 - page : 2-23"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Magnitude and relative error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "R1=36.0 #ohm\n",
+      "E1=5.0 # \u00b1 limiting error for R1\n",
+      "R2=75.0 #ohm\n",
+      "E2=5.0 # \u00b1 limiting error for R2\n",
+      "RT=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2) #ohm(in parallel)\n",
+      "EP1=E1+E2 # \u00b1 limiting error\n",
+      "EP2=((R1*E1)/(R1+R2))+((R2*E2)/(R1+R2)) \n",
+      "ET=EP1+EP2 \n",
+      "etm=(ET/100)*RT \n",
+      "print \"Magnitude of limiting error is \u00b1\", round(etm,2), \" ohm\"\n",
+      "print \"Percentage relative error is \u00b1\", ET, \" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Magnitude of limiting error is \u00b1 3.65  ohm\n",
+        "Percentage relative error is \u00b1 15.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.3  page : 2-24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Limiting error\n",
+      "vr=40.0 #reading of voltmeter in volts\n",
+      "v=50.0 #rane in volts\n",
+      "va=50.0 #ammeeter reading in mA\n",
+      "i=125.0 #range in mA\n",
+      "fsd=2.0 #accurace in percentage in \u00b1\n",
+      "dv=(2.0/100)*v #limiting error of voltmeter\n",
+      "da=(2./100)*i #liming error of the ammeter in mA\n",
+      "erv=dv/vr #relative limiting error in voltmeter reading\n",
+      "eri=da/i #relative limiting error in ammeter reading\n",
+      "et=erv+eri \n",
+      "pet=et*100 #percentage limiting error of the power calcultaed\n",
+      "print \"Percentage limiting error of the power calcultaed is \u00b1 \",pet,\" %\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Percentage limiting error of the power calcultaed is \u00b1  4.5  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.4 - page : 2-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# limiting error\n",
+      "r1=120.0 # ohm\n",
+      "er1=0.5 #limiting error in resistance 1 in ohm \u00b1\n",
+      "r2=2 #in A\n",
+      "er2=0.02 #limiting error in amperes \u00b1\n",
+      "e1=er2/r2 #limiting error in current\n",
+      "e2=er1/r1 #limiting eror in resistance\n",
+      "et=(2*e1+e2) #total error\n",
+      "etp=et*100 #percentage limtimg error\n",
+      "print \"Percentage limiting error in the value of power dissipation is \u00b1\",round(etp,3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Percentage limiting error in the value of power dissipation is \u00b1 2.417\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.5 - page : 2-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#magnitude and limiting error\n",
+      "r1=120 #in ohm\n",
+      "er1=0.1 #limiting error in resistance 1 in ohm \u00b1\n",
+      "r2=2700 #in ohm\n",
+      "er2=0.5 #limiting error in resistance 2 in ohm \u00b1\n",
+      "r3=470 #in ohm\n",
+      "er3=0.5 #limiting error in resistance 3 in ohm \u00b1\n",
+      "rxm=(r2*r3)/r1 #magnitude of unknown resistance in ohm\n",
+      "rxe=(er1+er2+er3) #error\n",
+      "er=(rxe*rxm)/100 #relative error \u00b1\n",
+      "print \"Magnitude of unknown resistance is \",rxm,\" kohm\"\n",
+      "print \"Relative limiting error is \u00b1\",er,\" ohm\"\n",
+      "print \"Guranteed value of resistance is between \",rxm-er, \" ohm to \" ,rxm+er,\" ohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Magnitude of unknown resistance is  10575  kohm\n",
+        "Relative limiting error is \u00b1 116.325  ohm\n",
+        "Guranteed value of resistance is between  10458.675  ohm to  10691.325  ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.6 - page : 2-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# absolute error, % error, relative error, % accuracy and % error of full scale reading\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Ae=80.0 # in volt\n",
+      "Am=79 # in volt\n",
+      "fsd=100 #full scale reading in volt\n",
+      "e=Ae-Am \n",
+      "print \"Absolute error, e = \",e,\" V\"\n",
+      "error1=(e/Ae)*100 \n",
+      "print \"Error = \",error1,\" %\"\n",
+      "A=1-abs(e/Ae) \n",
+      "print \"Relative accuracy, A = \",A,\" %\"\n",
+      "p_accuracy=A*100 \n",
+      "print \"% accuracy = \",p_accuracy,\" %\"\n",
+      "error2=(e/fsd)*100 \n",
+      "print \"% error expressed as percentage of full scale reading = \",error2,\" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Absolute error, e =  1.0  V\n",
+        "Error =  1.25  %\n",
+        "Relative accuracy, A =  0.9875  %\n",
+        "% accuracy =  98.75  %\n",
+        "% error expressed as percentage of full scale reading =  1.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.7 - page : 2-27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# limiting error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "fsd=100.0 # in V\n",
+      "A=1.0 # (+ve or -ve) in %\n",
+      "del_A=(A/100)*fsd \n",
+      "As=15.0 #in V\n",
+      "e1=del_A/As \n",
+      "e=e1*100 \n",
+      "print \"Limiting error, e = \",round(e,4),\" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Limiting error, e =  6.6667  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6.8 - page : 2-27 "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# limiting value of current and % limiting error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "As=2.5 # in A\n",
+      "fsd=10 #full scale reading in A\n",
+      "A=1.5/100 \n",
+      "del_A=A*fsd \n",
+      "At1=As+del_A \n",
+      "At2=As-del_A \n",
+      "print \"Limiting value of current, At1 = \",At1,\" A\"\n",
+      "print \"Limiting value of current, At2 = \",At2,\" A\"\n",
+      "e=(del_A/As)*100 \n",
+      "print \"Percentage limiting error, e = \",e,\" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Limiting value of current, At1 =  2.65  A\n",
+        "Limiting value of current, At2 =  2.35  A\n",
+        "Percentage limiting error, e =  6.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.1.i - page : 2-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ARITHEMATIC MEAN\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[49.7,50.1,50.2,49.6,49.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "print \"Arithematic mean is \",AM\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithematic mean is  49.86\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 57
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.1.ii - page : 2-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#deviation\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[49.7,50.1,50.2,49.6,49.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "print \"Deviations of each value are : \"\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    print dev\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Deviations of each value are : \n",
+        "-0.16\n",
+        "0.24\n",
+        "0.34\n",
+        "-0.26\n",
+        "-0.16\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 58
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.1.iii - page : 2-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#algebric sum of deviation\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[49.7,50.1,50.2,49.6,49.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "dtotal=sum(d)\n",
+      "print \"Algebric sum of deviation is\", round(dtotal,4)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Algebric sum of deviation is 0.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 59
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.1.iv - page : 2-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#standard deviation\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[49.7,50.1,50.2,49.6,49.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "sigma=0\n",
+      "n=5 # no. of measurements\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    sigma+=dev**2\n",
+      "sigma/=(n-1)\n",
+      "sigma**=(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Standard Deviation is \",round(sigma,2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Standard Deviation is  0.27\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 60
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.2.i - page : 2-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ARITHEMATIC MEAN\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[101.2,101.4,101.7,101.3,101.3,101.2,101.0,101.3,101.5,101.1] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "print \"Arithematic mean is \",AM,\" V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithematic mean is  101.3  V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 61
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.2.ii - page : 2-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Deviation from mean\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[101.2,101.4,101.7,101.3,101.3,101.2,101.0,101.3,101.5,101.1] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "print \"Deviations of each value are : \"\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    print dev\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Deviations of each value are : \n",
+        "-0.1\n",
+        "0.1\n",
+        "0.4\n",
+        "0.0\n",
+        "0.0\n",
+        "-0.1\n",
+        "-0.3\n",
+        "0.0\n",
+        "0.2\n",
+        "-0.2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 62
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.2.iii - page : 2-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#standard deviation\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[101.2,101.4,101.7,101.3,101.3,101.2,101.0,101.3,101.5,101.1] \n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "sigma=0\n",
+      "n=10 # no. of measurements\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    sigma+=dev**2\n",
+      "sigma/=(n-1)\n",
+      "sigma**=(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Standard Deviation is \",round(sigma,2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Standard Deviation is  0.2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 63
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.2.iv - page : 2-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#probable error\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[101.2,101.4,101.7,101.3,101.3,101.2,101.0,101.3,101.5,101.1] \n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "sigma=0\n",
+      "n=10 # no. of measurements\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    sigma+=dev**2\n",
+      "sigma/=(n-1)\n",
+      "sigma**=(1.0/2)\n",
+      "pe1=0.6745*sigma   # Probable error of one reading\n",
+      "print \"Probable error of one reading is \",pe1,\" V\"\n",
+      "pm=pe1/(n-1)**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Probable error of mean is \",round(pm,5)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Probable error of one reading is  0.1349  V\n",
+        "Probable error of mean is  0.04497\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 64
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.3.i - page : 2-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Arithmetic mean\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "X1=147.2 # in nF\n",
+      "X2=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X3=147.9 # in nF\n",
+      "X4=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X5=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X6=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "X7=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X8=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X9=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X10=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "AM=(X1+X2+X3+X4+X5+X6+X7+X8+X9+X10)/10 \n",
+      "print \"Arithmetic mean, AM = \",AM,\" nF\" "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithmetic mean, AM =  147.63  nF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 77
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.3.ii - page : 2-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Average deviation\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "n=10 \n",
+      "X1=147.2 # in nF\n",
+      "X2=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X3=147.9 # in nF\n",
+      "X4=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X5=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X6=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "X7=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X8=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X9=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X10=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "AM=(X1+X2+X3+X4+X5+X6+X7+X8+X9+X10)/n \n",
+      "d1=X1-AM \n",
+      "d2=X2-AM \n",
+      "d3=X3-AM \n",
+      "d4=X4-AM \n",
+      "d5=X5-AM \n",
+      "d6=X6-AM \n",
+      "d7=X7-AM \n",
+      "d8=X8-AM \n",
+      "d9=X9-AM \n",
+      "d10=X10-AM \n",
+      "Average_deviation=(abs(d1)+abs(d2)+abs(d3)+abs(d4)+abs(d5)+abs(d5)+abs(d6)+abs(d7)+abs(d8)+abs(d9)+abs(d10))/n \n",
+      "print \"Average deviation = \",Average_deviation,\" nF\"\n",
+      "# answer is wrong in book"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average deviation =  0.289  nF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 79
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.3.iii - page : 2-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Standard deviation\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "n=10 \n",
+      "X1=147.2 # in nF\n",
+      "X2=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X3=147.9 # in nF\n",
+      "X4=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X5=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X6=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "X7=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X8=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X9=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X10=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "AM=(X1+X2+X3+X4+X5+X6+X7+X8+X9+X10)/n \n",
+      "d1=X1-AM \n",
+      "d2=X2-AM \n",
+      "d3=X3-AM \n",
+      "d4=X4-AM \n",
+      "d5=X5-AM \n",
+      "d6=X6-AM \n",
+      "d7=X7-AM \n",
+      "d8=X8-AM \n",
+      "d9=X9-AM \n",
+      "d10=X10-AM \n",
+      "sigma=((d1**2+d2**2+d3**2+d4**2+d5**2+d6**2+d7**2+d8**2+d9**2+d10**2)/(n-1))**(1.0/2) \n",
+      "print \"Standard deviation = \",round(sigma,4),\" nF\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Standard deviation =  0.3057  nF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 82
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.3.iv - page : 2-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#: Probable error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "n=10 \n",
+      "X1=147.2 # in nF\n",
+      "X2=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X3=147.9 # in nF\n",
+      "X4=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X5=148.1 # in nF\n",
+      "X6=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "X7=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X8=147.4 # in nF\n",
+      "X9=147.6 # in nF\n",
+      "X10=147.5 # in nF\n",
+      "AM=(X1+X2+X3+X4+X5+X6+X7+X8+X9+X10)/n \n",
+      "d1=X1-AM \n",
+      "d2=X2-AM \n",
+      "d3=X3-AM \n",
+      "d4=X4-AM \n",
+      "d5=X5-AM \n",
+      "d6=X6-AM \n",
+      "d7=X7-AM \n",
+      "d8=X8-AM \n",
+      "d9=X9-AM \n",
+      "d10=X10-AM \n",
+      "sigma=((d1**2+d2**2+d3**2+d4**2+d5**2+d6**2+d7**2+d8**2+d9**2+d10**2)/(n-1))**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "Pe1=0.6745*sigma # probable error of one reading\n",
+      "probable_error=Pe1/(n-1)**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Probable error of one reading = \",round(Pe1,4),\" nF\"\n",
+      "print \"Probable error of mean = \",round(probable_error,4),\" nF\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Probable error of one reading =  0.2062  nF\n",
+        "Probable error of mean =  0.0687  nF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 86
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.4.i - page : 2-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ARITHEMATIC MEAN\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[10.3,10.7,10.9,9.7,9.5,9.2,10.3,11.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "print \"Arithematic mean is \",AM,\"  kg/cm2\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in textbook\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithematic mean is  10.2875   kg/cm2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 65
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.4.ii - page : 2-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#average deviation\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "n=8  # NO. OF MEASUREMENTS\n",
+      "q=[10.3,10.7,10.9,9.7,9.5,9.2,10.3,11.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM  # deviation\n",
+      "davg=sum(abs(d))/n  # average deviation\n",
+      "print \"Average deviation = \",round(davg,4),\" kg/cm2\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average deviation =  0.6156  kg/cm2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 66
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.4.iii - page : 2-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#standard deviation\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[10.3,10.7,10.9,9.7,9.5,9.2,10.3,11.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "sigma=0\n",
+      "n=8  # no. of measurements\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    sigma+=dev**2\n",
+      "sigma/=(n-1)\n",
+      "sigma**=(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Standard Deviation is \",round(sigma,4),\" kg/cm2\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in textbook\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Standard Deviation is  0.8184  kg/cm2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 95
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7.4.iv - page : 2-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#probable error\n",
+      "n=8  # no. of measurements\n",
+      "q=[10.3,10.7,10.9,9.7,9.5,9.2,10.3,11.7] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "sigma=0\n",
+      "n=10 # no. of measurements\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    sigma+=dev**2\n",
+      "sigma/=(n-1)\n",
+      "sigma**=(1.0/2)\n",
+      "pe1=0.6745*sigma   # Probable error of one reading\n",
+      "print \"Probable error of one reading is \",round(pe1,4),\" kg/cm2\"\n",
+      "pm=pe1/(n-1)**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Probable error of mean is \",round(pm,4),\" kg/cm2\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in textbook\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Probable error of one reading is  0.4868  kg/cm2\n",
+        "Probable error of mean is  0.1623  kg/cm2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 67
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8.1 - page : 2-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ARITHEMATIC MEAN ,median value ,standard deviation and variance\n",
+      "q=[25.5,30.3,31.1,29.6,32.4,39.4,28.9,30.0,33.3,31.4,29.5,30.5,31.7,33.0,29.2] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q) #arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "n=len(q) # no. of measurements\n",
+      "Q=q-AM\n",
+      "mv=sorted(q)[n/2] # get the median value from sorted q\n",
+      "d=q-AM\n",
+      "sigma=0\n",
+      "for dev in d:\n",
+      "    sigma+=dev**2\n",
+      "sigma/=(n-1)\n",
+      "sigma**=(1.0/2)  #standard deviation\n",
+      "V=sigma**2 #variance\n",
+      "print \"Arithematic mean is \",round(AM,4),\" V\"\n",
+      "print \"Median value is\",round(mv,1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Standard Deviation is \",round(sigma,2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Variance is \",round(V,0)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithematic mean is  31.0533  V\n",
+        "Median value is 30.5\n",
+        "Standard Deviation is  3.0\n",
+        "Variance is  9.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 116
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8.2 - page : 2-37"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ARITHEMATIC MEAN\n",
+      "#from __future__ import division\n",
+      "v=[10,11,12,13,14] #\n",
+      "f=[03,12,18,12,03] #\n",
+      "xn=[a*b for a,b in zip(v,f)]\n",
+      "am=sum(xn)/sum(f)   # arithmetic mean\n",
+      "print \"Arithematic mean is \",am,\" V\"\n",
+      "dn=[x-am for x in v]  # deviation\n",
+      "n_dn=[a*b for a,b in zip(f,dn)]\n",
+      "dn2=[a*b for a,b in zip(dn,dn)]\n",
+      "n_dn2=[a*b for a,b in zip(f,dn2)]\n",
+      "absn_dn=[abs(a) for a in n_dn]\n",
+      "mean_dev=sum(absn_dn)/sum(f)\n",
+      "print \"Mean deviation = \",mean_dev\n",
+      "sigma=(sum(n_dn2)/sum(f))**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Standard deviation is \", sigma\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithematic mean is  12.0  V\n",
+        "Mean deviation =  0.75\n",
+        "Standard deviation is  1.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 46
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8.3 - page : 2-37"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ARITHEMATIC MEAN ,median value ,standard deviation \n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "q=[29.2,29.5,29.6,30.0,30.5,31.4,31.7,32.4,33.0,33.3,39.4,28.9] #\n",
+      "AM= numpy.mean(q)#arithematic mean in mm\n",
+      "print \"Arithematic mean is \",round(AM,2)\n",
+      "mv=sorted(q)[int(len(q)/2-1)]\n",
+      "print \"Median value = \",mv\n",
+      "d=[x-AM for x in q]\n",
+      "d2=[x**2 for x in d]\n",
+      "sigma=(sum(d2)/(len(q)-1))**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Standard Deviation = \",round(sigma,3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Arithematic mean is  31.57\n",
+        "Median value =  30.5\n",
+        "Standard Deviation =  2.886\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 97
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8.4 - page:2-39"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Unknown resistor \n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "S=1000.0    # ohm/V\n",
+      "V=100.0 #in V\n",
+      "I=5*10**-3 # in A\n",
+      "# part (i)\n",
+      "R_app=(V/I)*10**-3 \n",
+      "print \"(i) Apparent Resistor, R_app = \",R_app, \" kohm\"\n",
+      "# part (ii)\n",
+      "V1=150 #in V\n",
+      "Rv=S*V1*10**-3 \n",
+      "Rx=Rv/6.5 #actual resistance in kohm\n",
+      "print \"(ii) Actual resistance is \",round(Rx,2),\" kohm.\"\n",
+      "# part(iii)\n",
+      "per=(Rx-R_app)/Rx*100 # in %\n",
+      "print \"(iii) Percentage error due to loading effect of voltmeter is \",round(per,1), \" %\" \n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(i) Apparent Resistor, R_app =  20.0  kohm\n",
+        "(ii) Actual resistance is  23.08  kohm.\n",
+        "(iii) Percentage error due to loading effect of voltmeter is  13.3  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 103
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8.5 - page : 2-40"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# limiting error\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "del_A=2.5 # may be +ve or-ve in %\n",
+      "As=400.0 \n",
+      "FSD=600.0 # in V\n",
+      "del_A1=(del_A/100)*FSD \n",
+      "e=(del_A1/As)*100 # in %\n",
+      "print \"Limiting error, e = \",e, \" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Limiting error, e =  3.75  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 104
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter2_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter2_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..c927ca55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter2_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# CHAPTER 2: MEASUREMENT ERRORS \n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "##Example 2-1, Page Number: 16"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Tolerance of the resistance= ± 5 %\n",
+      "Maximum Resistance at 75 degree celsius= 1.2915 kilo ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Resistance Values at 25 degree Celsius\n",
+    "rmax25=1.26*10**3                  #in ohm\n",
+    "rmin25=1.14*10**3                  #in ohm\n",
+    "r=1.2*10**3                        #in ohm\n",
+    "ppm=500.0/1000000              \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "\n",
+    "absolute_error=rmax25-r           #in ohm  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Tolerance value in percentage\n",
+    "tolerance=absolute_error/r*100    #percentage\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Resistance per degree Celsius\n",
+    "rperc=rmax25*ppm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#To Calculate ressistance at 75 degree celsius\n",
+    "\n",
+    "dT=75-25                          #degree celsius\n",
+    "\n",
+    "dR=rperc*dT                       #in ohm  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Maximum resistance at 75 degree celsius\n",
+    "\n",
+    "rmax75=rmax25+dR                  #in ohm  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print 'Tolerance of the resistance= ±',int(tolerance),'%'\n",
+    "print 'Maximum Resistance at 75 degree celsius=',round(rmax75/1000,4),'kilo ohm'\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "##Example 2-2, Page Number: 20\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Maximum percentage error= 2.8 %\n",
+      "V=( 180 V ± 2.8 %)\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "V1=100              #in V         \n",
+    "V2=80               #in V\n",
+    "p1=1.0/100          #Percentage error of V1\n",
+    "p2=5.0/100          #Percentage error of V2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "V1max=V1+V1*p1      #in V\n",
+    "V2max=V2+V2*p2      #in V \n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Emax=V1max+V2max    #in V\n",
+    "E=V1+V2             #in V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "p=100*(Emax-E)/E    #Percentage\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print 'Maximum percentage error=',round(p,1),'%'\n",
+    "print 'V=(',E,'V ±',round(p,1),'%)'\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "##Example 2-3, Page Number: 22"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Maximum percentage error= ± 25 %\n",
+      "Voltage=( 20 V ± 25 %)\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "V1=100              #in V  \n",
+    "V2=80               #in V  \n",
+    "p1=1.0/100          #Percentage error of V1\n",
+    "p2=5.0/100          #Percentage error of V2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "E=V1-V2            #in V\n",
+    "V1max=V1+V1*p1     #in V \n",
+    "V2min=V2-V2*p2     #in V\n",
+    "Emax=V1max-V2min   #in V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "p=100*(Emax-E)/E   #percentage\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print 'Maximum percentage error= ±',int(p),'%'\n",
+    "print 'Voltage=(',E,'V ±',int(p), '%)'\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "##Example 2-4, Page Number: 23"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Power= 82  mW\n",
+      "Percentage error in power= ± 20 %\n",
+      "Power=( 82 mW ± 20 %)\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "r=820                       #Resistance(ohm)\n",
+    "r_accuracy=10.0/100         #Accuracy of r in percentage\n",
+    "I=10*10**(-3)               #Current(A)\n",
+    "I_accuracy=2.0/100          #Accuracy of I at Full scale in percentage\n",
+    "Imax=25*10**(-3)            #Full scale current(A)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "power=r*(I**2)              #in Watt\n",
+    "\n",
+    "I_error=I_accuracy*Imax\n",
+    "\n",
+    "I_error_percentage=100*I_error/(10*10**(-3))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Isquare_error=2*I_error_percentage\n",
+    "\n",
+    "p_error=Isquare_error+(r_accuracy*100)  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print 'Power=',int(power*1000),' mW'\n",
+    "print 'Percentage error in power= ±',int(p_error), '%'\n",
+    "print 'Power=(',int(power*1000),'mW ±',int(p_error),'%)'\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "##Example 2-5, Page Number: 25"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Average Deviation= 0.0012 volt\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "V=[1.001,1.002,0.999,0.998,1.000]     #Voltage readings\n",
+    "v_average=0.0                         #Variable to hold average value\n",
+    "d=[0]*5                               #Array of 5 elements to hold deviation\n",
+    "D_average=0.0                         #Variable to hold average deviation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "#To find average\n",
+    "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+    "    v_average=v_average+V[i]\n",
+    " \n",
+    "v_average=v_average/5.0\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#To find deviations\n",
+    "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+    "    d[i]=V[i]-v_average\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#To find mean deviation    \n",
+    "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+    "    D_average=D_average+math.fabs(d[i])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "D_average=D_average/5\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print 'Average Deviation=',round(D_average,5),'volt'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "##Example 2-6, Page Number: 26"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Standard Deviation= 0.0014 V\n",
+      "Probable Error= 0.94 mV\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "V=[1.001,1.002,0.999,0.998,1.000]     #Voltage readings in V expressed as an array\n",
+    "v_average=0.0                         #Variable to hold average value\n",
+    "d=[0]*5                               #Array of 5 elements to hold deviation\n",
+    "D_average=0.0                         #Variable to hold average deviation\n",
+    "std_deviation=0.0\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#To find average\n",
+    "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+    "    v_average=v_average+V[i]\n",
+    " \n",
+    "v_average=v_average/5.0\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#To find deviations\n",
+    "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+    "    d[i]=V[i]-v_average\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#To find standard deviation    \n",
+    "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+    "    std_deviation=std_deviation+d[i]**2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "std_deviation=math.sqrt(std_deviation/5)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "probable_error=0.6745*round(std_deviation,4)\n",
+    "print 'Standard Deviation=',round(std_deviation,4),'V'\n",
+    "print 'Probable Error=',round(probable_error*1000,2),'mV'"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter3.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter3.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..987db16f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter3.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:212ce889d9f64f00c714723a9e3110b735cade9ea1d505fecd98a7e24257c63b"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter3 - Electromechanical Instruments"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2.1 - page : 3-5"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Torque\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "N=10  # turns\n",
+      "L=1.5*10**-2    # in m\n",
+      "I=1    # in mA\n",
+      "I*=10**-3  #A\n",
+      "B=0.5 #  T\n",
+      "d=1*10**-2    # in m\n",
+      "Td=B*I*L*d*N  # Nm\n",
+      "print \"Torque, Td = \", Td,\"Nm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Torque, Td =  7.5e-07 Nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2. - page : 3-5"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# number of turns\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "theta=math.pi/2\n",
+      "I=5*10**-3    # in A\n",
+      "B=1.8*10**-3    # in Wb/m2\n",
+      "C=0.14*10**-6    # in Nm/rad\n",
+      "L=15*10**-3    # in m\n",
+      "d=12*10**-3    # in m\n",
+      "N=(C*theta)/(B*I*L*d)\n",
+      "print \"Number of turns, N = \", round(N),\"turns\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Number of turns, N =  136.0 turns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2.3 - page : 3-6"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# resistance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Tc=240*10**-6    #in Nm\n",
+      "N=100  # Turns\n",
+      "L=40*10**-3  # in m\n",
+      "d=30*10**-3  # in m\n",
+      "B=1    #in Wb/m2\n",
+      "TdBYI=N*B*L*d\n",
+      "I=Tc/TdBYI\n",
+      "#voltage per division=I*(R/100)\n",
+      "R=100/I  # ohm\n",
+      "R*=10**-3  # kohm\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R = \", R,\"kohm\"\n",
+      "#UNIT IS GIVEN WRONG FOR THE ANSWER IN THE BOOK."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance, R =  50.0 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2.4 - page : 3-7"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# flux density and diameter\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "p=1.7*10**-8    #in ohm-m\n",
+      "V=100*10**-3    #in V\n",
+      "R=50    # in ohm\n",
+      "theta=120    #in degree\n",
+      "L=30    # in mm\n",
+      "d=25    # in mm\n",
+      "N=100\n",
+      "C=0.375*10**-6    # in Nm/degree\n",
+      "I=V/R  # A\n",
+      "Td_By_B=I*L*10**-3*d*10**-3*N\n",
+      "Tc=C*theta  # N-m\n",
+      "B=Tc/Td_By_B # in Wb/m2\n",
+      "print \"The flux density, B = \", B,\"Wb/m2\"\n",
+      "Rc=0.3*R\n",
+      "Lmt=2*(L+d)\n",
+      "a=(N*p*Lmt*10**-3*10**6)/Rc\n",
+      "D=(4/(math.pi*a))**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Diameter, D = \", round(D,1),\"m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The flux density, B =  0.3 Wb/m2\n",
+        "Diameter, D =  10.1 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.4.1 - page : 3-11"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# shunt resistor\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Im=3*10**-3    # in A\n",
+      "Rm=100    # in ohm\n",
+      "I=150*10**-3    #in A\n",
+      "Rsh=(Im*Rm)/(I-Im)\n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistor, Rsh = \", round(Rsh,2),\"ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Shunt resistor, Rsh =  2.04 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.4.2 - page : 3-11"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# shunt resistormultiplying factor and resistance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Rsh=300    #in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=1500    #in ohm\n",
+      "m=1+(Rm/Rsh)\n",
+      "print \"Multiplying factor, m = \",m\n",
+      "m1=40.0\n",
+      "Rsh1=Rm/(m1-1)\n",
+      "print \"The shunt resistor, Rsh1 = \", round(Rsh1,2),\"ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Multiplying factor, m =  6\n",
+        "The shunt resistor, Rsh1 =  38.46 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.5.1 - page : 3-13"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Rm=100.0    # in ohm\n",
+      "Im=1.0\n",
+      "#for range 0-20 mA\n",
+      "I1=20.0\n",
+      "m=I1/Im\n",
+      "Rsh1=Rm/(m-1)\n",
+      "print \"The shunt resistor, Rsh1 = \", round(Rsh1,2),\"ohm\"\n",
+      "#for the range of 0-100 mA\n",
+      "I2=100.0\n",
+      "m=I2/Im\n",
+      "Rsh2=Rm/(m-1)\n",
+      "print \"The shunt resistor, Rsh2 = \", round(Rsh2,2),\"ohm\"\n",
+      "#for the range 0-200 mA\n",
+      "I3=200.0\n",
+      "m=I3/Im\n",
+      "Rsh3=Rm/(m-1)\n",
+      "print \"The shunt resistor, Rsh3 = \", round(Rsh3,2),\"ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The shunt resistor, Rsh1 =  5.26 ohm\n",
+        "The shunt resistor, Rsh2 =  1.01 ohm\n",
+        "The shunt resistor, Rsh3 =  0.5 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.6.1 - page : 3-15"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "from numpy.linalg import inv\n",
+      "#design\n",
+      "Rm=50.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "Im=2.0 #in mA\n",
+      "Im*=10**-3  # A\n",
+      "I1=2.0 #in A\n",
+      "I2=10.0 #in A\n",
+      "I3=15.0 #in A\n",
+      "#Let Rs=R1+R2+R3\n",
+      "A=numpy.array([[I1,I1,I1],[-Im,I2,I2],[Im,Im,-I3]])\n",
+      "B=numpy.array([[Im*Rm],[Im*Rm],[-Im*Rm]])\n",
+      "Ainv=inv(A)\n",
+      "X=numpy.dot(Ainv,B)\n",
+      "R1=X[0]\n",
+      "R2=X[1]\n",
+      "R3=X[2]\n",
+      "print \"Value of shunt resistors are : \"\n",
+      "print \"R1 is %f ohm, R2 is %.1e ohm & R3 is %.2e ohm\" %(round(R1,5), R2, R3)\n",
+      "# Answer is wrong in the textbook."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of shunt resistors are : \n",
+        "R1 is 0.039990 ohm, R2 is 3.3e-03 ohm & R3 is 6.67e-03 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.9.1 - page : 3-19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Multiplier\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "Vin=20.0 #in volts\n",
+      "I_fsd=50.0*10 **-6 # in Farad\n",
+      "Rm=200.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rs=(Vin/I_fsd)-Rm  # in ohm\n",
+      "Rs=Rs/10**3   # kohm\n",
+      "print \"The multiplier, Rs = \", Rs, \" kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The multiplier, Rs =  399.8  kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.9.2 - page : 3-19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Full scale deflection current\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Vin=10.0 # in V\n",
+      "Rs=200.0 #in kohm\n",
+      "Rm=400.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "I_fsd=Vin/((Rs*10 **3)+Rm) # A\n",
+      "I_fsd*=10**6  # micro A\n",
+      "print \"Full scale deflection current, I_fsd  = \", round(I_fsd,1), \" micro A\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Full scale deflection current, I_fsd  =  49.9  micro A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.10.1 - page : 3-22"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Multiplier\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "V1=200.0 #in V\n",
+      "V2=100.0 #in V\n",
+      "V3=10.0 # in V\n",
+      "Rm=100.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "I_fsd=50*10 **-3 \n",
+      "#for the range 0-10V   \n",
+      "Rt3=V3/I_fsd \n",
+      "Rs3=Rt3-Rm # ohm\n",
+      "print \"The multiplier, Rs3 = \", Rs3, \" ohm.\"\n",
+      "#for the range 0-100V\n",
+      "Rt2=V2/I_fsd \n",
+      "Rs2=Rt2-(Rm+Rs3)  # ohm \n",
+      "print \"The multiplier, Rs2 = \", Rs2, \" ohm.\"\n",
+      "Rt1=V1/I_fsd \n",
+      "Rs1=Rt1-(Rm+Rs3+Rs2) \n",
+      "print \"The multiplier, Rs1 = \", Rs1, \" ohm.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The multiplier, Rs3 =  100.0  ohm.\n",
+        "The multiplier, Rs2 =  1800.0  ohm.\n",
+        "The multiplier, Rs1 =  2000.0  ohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.11.1 - page : 3-23"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Multiplier\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Rm=200.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "I_fsd=150.0*10 **-6 # in A\n",
+      "S=1/I_fsd \n",
+      "V=50 #in V\n",
+      "Rs=(S*V)-Rm   # ohm \n",
+      "Rs*=10**-3   # kohm\n",
+      "print \"Multiplier, Rs = \", round(Rs,2), \" kohm.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Multiplier, Rs =  333.13  kohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.11.2 - page : 3-24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Accurate voltmeter reading\n",
+      "r1=50.0 # in kohms\n",
+      "r2=50.0 #in kohms\n",
+      "v=100.0 #in V\n",
+      "vr2=(r1/(r1+r2))*v # voltage in V\n",
+      "#case 1\n",
+      "s1=12000.0 #sensivity in ohm/V\n",
+      "rm1=r1*s1*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "req=((rm1*r1)/(rm1+r1)) #equivalent resistance in ohm\n",
+      "v1=((req/(r1+req)))*v # voltmeter reading when sensivity is 12000 ohm/V\n",
+      "#case 2\n",
+      "s2=15000 #sensivity in ohm/V V\n",
+      "rm2=r1*s2*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "req1=((rm2*r1)/(rm2+r1)) #equivalent resistance in ohm\n",
+      "v2=((req1/(r1+req1)))*v # voltmeter reading when sensivity is 15000 ohm/V\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 12000 ohm/V is \", round(v1,2), \" V\"\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 15000 ohm/V is \", round(v2,2), \" V. This voltmeter will measure the correct value.\"\n",
+      "# Answer in the textbook is not accurate"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 12000 ohm/V is  48.0  V\n",
+        "Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 15000 ohm/V is  48.39  V. This voltmeter will measure the correct value.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15.1 - page : 3-28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#voltage\n",
+      "r1=25.0 # kohms\n",
+      "r2=5.0 #in kohms\n",
+      "v=30.0 #in V\n",
+      "# part(i)\n",
+      "vr2=(r2/(r1+r2))*v # voltage in V across 5 kohms resistance\n",
+      "Vactual=vr2  # V\n",
+      "print \"Voltage across 5 kohm Resistance is \", vr2, \" V.\"\n",
+      "#part (ii)\n",
+      "vr2=(r1/(r1+r2))*v # voltage in V across 5 kohm resistance\n",
+      "#case 1\n",
+      "s1=1.0 #sensivity in kohm/V\n",
+      "v1=10.0 # in V\n",
+      "rm1=v1*s1 #in kohm\n",
+      "req=((rm1*r2)/(rm1+r2)) # equivalent resistance in ohm\n",
+      "vrb1=((req/(r1+req)))*v # voltmeter reading when sensivity is 1 kohm/V\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 1 kohm/V is \",round(vrb1,2), \" V.\"\n",
+      "# part(iii)\n",
+      "#case 2\n",
+      "s2=20 #sensivity in kohm/V\n",
+      "v1=10 # in V\n",
+      "rm2=v1*s2 #in kohm\n",
+      "req1=((rm2*r2)/(rm2+r2)) #equivalent resistance in ohm\n",
+      "vrb2=((req1/(r1+req1)))*v # voltmeter reading when sensivity is 1 kohm/V\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 1 kohm/V is \",round(vrb2,2), \" V.\"\n",
+      "#part(iii) #error\n",
+      "er1=(Vactual-vrb1)/Vactual*100 #voltmeter 1 error in %\n",
+      "er2=(Vactual-vrb2)/Vactual*100 #voltmeter 2 error in %\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter 1 error is \",round(er1,2),\" %\"\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter 2 error is \",round(er2,1),\" %\"\n",
+      "#Answer is wrong in the textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage across 5 kohm Resistance is  5.0  V.\n",
+        "Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 1 kohm/V is  3.53  V.\n",
+        "Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 1 kohm/V is  4.9  V.\n",
+        "Voltmeter 1 error is  29.41  %\n",
+        "Voltmeter 2 error is  2.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15.2 - page : 3-29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Shunt resistance\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "Im=1.0 # in mA\n",
+      "Rm=100.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "I=100.0 # in mA\n",
+      "Rsh=(Im*10**-3*Rm)/((I-Im)*10**-3) \n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistance, Rsh = \",round(Rsh,3),\" ohm.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Shunt resistance, Rsh =  1.01  ohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15.3 - page : 3-29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Shunt resistance\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "Im=1.0 # in mA\n",
+      "P=100.0 # in kW\n",
+      "I=100.0 # in mA\n",
+      "Rm=(P)/(Im)**2 # ohm\n",
+      "Rsh=((Im*10**-3*Rm*10**3)/((I-Im)*10**-3))*10**-3 # ohm\n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistance, Rsh = \",round(Rsh,3), \" kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Shunt resistance, Rsh =  1.01  kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15.4 - page : 3-29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Shunt resistance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Rsh=200.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=100.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "m=50.0 \n",
+      "Rsh=Rm/(m-1) # ohm\n",
+      "print \"The shunt resistance, Rsh = \", round(Rsh,2), \" ohm.\" "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The shunt resistance, Rsh =  2.04  ohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15.5 - page : 3-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# shunt resistance\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "Im=1.0 # in mA\n",
+      "Rm=100.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "I=100.0 # in mA\n",
+      "Rsh=(Im*10**-3*Rm)/((I-Im)*10**-3) # ohm\n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistance, Rsh = \", round(Rsh,3), \" kohm.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Shunt resistance, Rsh =  1.01  kohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter3_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter3_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..987db16f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter3_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:212ce889d9f64f00c714723a9e3110b735cade9ea1d505fecd98a7e24257c63b"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter3 - Electromechanical Instruments"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2.1 - page : 3-5"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Torque\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "N=10  # turns\n",
+      "L=1.5*10**-2    # in m\n",
+      "I=1    # in mA\n",
+      "I*=10**-3  #A\n",
+      "B=0.5 #  T\n",
+      "d=1*10**-2    # in m\n",
+      "Td=B*I*L*d*N  # Nm\n",
+      "print \"Torque, Td = \", Td,\"Nm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Torque, Td =  7.5e-07 Nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2. - page : 3-5"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# number of turns\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "theta=math.pi/2\n",
+      "I=5*10**-3    # in A\n",
+      "B=1.8*10**-3    # in Wb/m2\n",
+      "C=0.14*10**-6    # in Nm/rad\n",
+      "L=15*10**-3    # in m\n",
+      "d=12*10**-3    # in m\n",
+      "N=(C*theta)/(B*I*L*d)\n",
+      "print \"Number of turns, N = \", round(N),\"turns\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Number of turns, N =  136.0 turns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2.3 - page : 3-6"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# resistance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Tc=240*10**-6    #in Nm\n",
+      "N=100  # Turns\n",
+      "L=40*10**-3  # in m\n",
+      "d=30*10**-3  # in m\n",
+      "B=1    #in Wb/m2\n",
+      "TdBYI=N*B*L*d\n",
+      "I=Tc/TdBYI\n",
+      "#voltage per division=I*(R/100)\n",
+      "R=100/I  # ohm\n",
+      "R*=10**-3  # kohm\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R = \", R,\"kohm\"\n",
+      "#UNIT IS GIVEN WRONG FOR THE ANSWER IN THE BOOK."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance, R =  50.0 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2.4 - page : 3-7"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# flux density and diameter\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "p=1.7*10**-8    #in ohm-m\n",
+      "V=100*10**-3    #in V\n",
+      "R=50    # in ohm\n",
+      "theta=120    #in degree\n",
+      "L=30    # in mm\n",
+      "d=25    # in mm\n",
+      "N=100\n",
+      "C=0.375*10**-6    # in Nm/degree\n",
+      "I=V/R  # A\n",
+      "Td_By_B=I*L*10**-3*d*10**-3*N\n",
+      "Tc=C*theta  # N-m\n",
+      "B=Tc/Td_By_B # in Wb/m2\n",
+      "print \"The flux density, B = \", B,\"Wb/m2\"\n",
+      "Rc=0.3*R\n",
+      "Lmt=2*(L+d)\n",
+      "a=(N*p*Lmt*10**-3*10**6)/Rc\n",
+      "D=(4/(math.pi*a))**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Diameter, D = \", round(D,1),\"m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The flux density, B =  0.3 Wb/m2\n",
+        "Diameter, D =  10.1 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.4.1 - page : 3-11"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# shunt resistor\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Im=3*10**-3    # in A\n",
+      "Rm=100    # in ohm\n",
+      "I=150*10**-3    #in A\n",
+      "Rsh=(Im*Rm)/(I-Im)\n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistor, Rsh = \", round(Rsh,2),\"ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Shunt resistor, Rsh =  2.04 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.4.2 - page : 3-11"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# shunt resistormultiplying factor and resistance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Rsh=300    #in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=1500    #in ohm\n",
+      "m=1+(Rm/Rsh)\n",
+      "print \"Multiplying factor, m = \",m\n",
+      "m1=40.0\n",
+      "Rsh1=Rm/(m1-1)\n",
+      "print \"The shunt resistor, Rsh1 = \", round(Rsh1,2),\"ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Multiplying factor, m =  6\n",
+        "The shunt resistor, Rsh1 =  38.46 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.5.1 - page : 3-13"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Rm=100.0    # in ohm\n",
+      "Im=1.0\n",
+      "#for range 0-20 mA\n",
+      "I1=20.0\n",
+      "m=I1/Im\n",
+      "Rsh1=Rm/(m-1)\n",
+      "print \"The shunt resistor, Rsh1 = \", round(Rsh1,2),\"ohm\"\n",
+      "#for the range of 0-100 mA\n",
+      "I2=100.0\n",
+      "m=I2/Im\n",
+      "Rsh2=Rm/(m-1)\n",
+      "print \"The shunt resistor, Rsh2 = \", round(Rsh2,2),\"ohm\"\n",
+      "#for the range 0-200 mA\n",
+      "I3=200.0\n",
+      "m=I3/Im\n",
+      "Rsh3=Rm/(m-1)\n",
+      "print \"The shunt resistor, Rsh3 = \", round(Rsh3,2),\"ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The shunt resistor, Rsh1 =  5.26 ohm\n",
+        "The shunt resistor, Rsh2 =  1.01 ohm\n",
+        "The shunt resistor, Rsh3 =  0.5 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.6.1 - page : 3-15"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "from numpy.linalg import inv\n",
+      "#design\n",
+      "Rm=50.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "Im=2.0 #in mA\n",
+      "Im*=10**-3  # A\n",
+      "I1=2.0 #in A\n",
+      "I2=10.0 #in A\n",
+      "I3=15.0 #in A\n",
+      "#Let Rs=R1+R2+R3\n",
+      "A=numpy.array([[I1,I1,I1],[-Im,I2,I2],[Im,Im,-I3]])\n",
+      "B=numpy.array([[Im*Rm],[Im*Rm],[-Im*Rm]])\n",
+      "Ainv=inv(A)\n",
+      "X=numpy.dot(Ainv,B)\n",
+      "R1=X[0]\n",
+      "R2=X[1]\n",
+      "R3=X[2]\n",
+      "print \"Value of shunt resistors are : \"\n",
+      "print \"R1 is %f ohm, R2 is %.1e ohm & R3 is %.2e ohm\" %(round(R1,5), R2, R3)\n",
+      "# Answer is wrong in the textbook."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of shunt resistors are : \n",
+        "R1 is 0.039990 ohm, R2 is 3.3e-03 ohm & R3 is 6.67e-03 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.9.1 - page : 3-19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Multiplier\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "Vin=20.0 #in volts\n",
+      "I_fsd=50.0*10 **-6 # in Farad\n",
+      "Rm=200.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rs=(Vin/I_fsd)-Rm  # in ohm\n",
+      "Rs=Rs/10**3   # kohm\n",
+      "print \"The multiplier, Rs = \", Rs, \" kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The multiplier, Rs =  399.8  kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.9.2 - page : 3-19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Full scale deflection current\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Vin=10.0 # in V\n",
+      "Rs=200.0 #in kohm\n",
+      "Rm=400.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "I_fsd=Vin/((Rs*10 **3)+Rm) # A\n",
+      "I_fsd*=10**6  # micro A\n",
+      "print \"Full scale deflection current, I_fsd  = \", round(I_fsd,1), \" micro A\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Full scale deflection current, I_fsd  =  49.9  micro A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.10.1 - page : 3-22"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Multiplier\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "V1=200.0 #in V\n",
+      "V2=100.0 #in V\n",
+      "V3=10.0 # in V\n",
+      "Rm=100.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "I_fsd=50*10 **-3 \n",
+      "#for the range 0-10V   \n",
+      "Rt3=V3/I_fsd \n",
+      "Rs3=Rt3-Rm # ohm\n",
+      "print \"The multiplier, Rs3 = \", Rs3, \" ohm.\"\n",
+      "#for the range 0-100V\n",
+      "Rt2=V2/I_fsd \n",
+      "Rs2=Rt2-(Rm+Rs3)  # ohm \n",
+      "print \"The multiplier, Rs2 = \", Rs2, \" ohm.\"\n",
+      "Rt1=V1/I_fsd \n",
+      "Rs1=Rt1-(Rm+Rs3+Rs2) \n",
+      "print \"The multiplier, Rs1 = \", Rs1, \" ohm.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The multiplier, Rs3 =  100.0  ohm.\n",
+        "The multiplier, Rs2 =  1800.0  ohm.\n",
+        "The multiplier, Rs1 =  2000.0  ohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.11.1 - page : 3-23"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Multiplier\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Rm=200.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "I_fsd=150.0*10 **-6 # in A\n",
+      "S=1/I_fsd \n",
+      "V=50 #in V\n",
+      "Rs=(S*V)-Rm   # ohm \n",
+      "Rs*=10**-3   # kohm\n",
+      "print \"Multiplier, Rs = \", round(Rs,2), \" kohm.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Multiplier, Rs =  333.13  kohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.11.2 - page : 3-24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Accurate voltmeter reading\n",
+      "r1=50.0 # in kohms\n",
+      "r2=50.0 #in kohms\n",
+      "v=100.0 #in V\n",
+      "vr2=(r1/(r1+r2))*v # voltage in V\n",
+      "#case 1\n",
+      "s1=12000.0 #sensivity in ohm/V\n",
+      "rm1=r1*s1*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "req=((rm1*r1)/(rm1+r1)) #equivalent resistance in ohm\n",
+      "v1=((req/(r1+req)))*v # voltmeter reading when sensivity is 12000 ohm/V\n",
+      "#case 2\n",
+      "s2=15000 #sensivity in ohm/V V\n",
+      "rm2=r1*s2*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "req1=((rm2*r1)/(rm2+r1)) #equivalent resistance in ohm\n",
+      "v2=((req1/(r1+req1)))*v # voltmeter reading when sensivity is 15000 ohm/V\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 12000 ohm/V is \", round(v1,2), \" V\"\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 15000 ohm/V is \", round(v2,2), \" V. This voltmeter will measure the correct value.\"\n",
+      "# Answer in the textbook is not accurate"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 12000 ohm/V is  48.0  V\n",
+        "Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 15000 ohm/V is  48.39  V. This voltmeter will measure the correct value.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15.1 - page : 3-28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#voltage\n",
+      "r1=25.0 # kohms\n",
+      "r2=5.0 #in kohms\n",
+      "v=30.0 #in V\n",
+      "# part(i)\n",
+      "vr2=(r2/(r1+r2))*v # voltage in V across 5 kohms resistance\n",
+      "Vactual=vr2  # V\n",
+      "print \"Voltage across 5 kohm Resistance is \", vr2, \" V.\"\n",
+      "#part (ii)\n",
+      "vr2=(r1/(r1+r2))*v # voltage in V across 5 kohm resistance\n",
+      "#case 1\n",
+      "s1=1.0 #sensivity in kohm/V\n",
+      "v1=10.0 # in V\n",
+      "rm1=v1*s1 #in kohm\n",
+      "req=((rm1*r2)/(rm1+r2)) # equivalent resistance in ohm\n",
+      "vrb1=((req/(r1+req)))*v # voltmeter reading when sensivity is 1 kohm/V\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 1 kohm/V is \",round(vrb1,2), \" V.\"\n",
+      "# part(iii)\n",
+      "#case 2\n",
+      "s2=20 #sensivity in kohm/V\n",
+      "v1=10 # in V\n",
+      "rm2=v1*s2 #in kohm\n",
+      "req1=((rm2*r2)/(rm2+r2)) #equivalent resistance in ohm\n",
+      "vrb2=((req1/(r1+req1)))*v # voltmeter reading when sensivity is 1 kohm/V\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 1 kohm/V is \",round(vrb2,2), \" V.\"\n",
+      "#part(iii) #error\n",
+      "er1=(Vactual-vrb1)/Vactual*100 #voltmeter 1 error in %\n",
+      "er2=(Vactual-vrb2)/Vactual*100 #voltmeter 2 error in %\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter 1 error is \",round(er1,2),\" %\"\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter 2 error is \",round(er2,1),\" %\"\n",
+      "#Answer is wrong in the textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage across 5 kohm Resistance is  5.0  V.\n",
+        "Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 1 kohm/V is  3.53  V.\n",
+        "Voltmeter reading when sensivity is 1 kohm/V is  4.9  V.\n",
+        "Voltmeter 1 error is  29.41  %\n",
+        "Voltmeter 2 error is  2.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15.2 - page : 3-29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Shunt resistance\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "Im=1.0 # in mA\n",
+      "Rm=100.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "I=100.0 # in mA\n",
+      "Rsh=(Im*10**-3*Rm)/((I-Im)*10**-3) \n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistance, Rsh = \",round(Rsh,3),\" ohm.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Shunt resistance, Rsh =  1.01  ohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15.3 - page : 3-29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Shunt resistance\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "Im=1.0 # in mA\n",
+      "P=100.0 # in kW\n",
+      "I=100.0 # in mA\n",
+      "Rm=(P)/(Im)**2 # ohm\n",
+      "Rsh=((Im*10**-3*Rm*10**3)/((I-Im)*10**-3))*10**-3 # ohm\n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistance, Rsh = \",round(Rsh,3), \" kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Shunt resistance, Rsh =  1.01  kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15.4 - page : 3-29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Shunt resistance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Rsh=200.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=100.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "m=50.0 \n",
+      "Rsh=Rm/(m-1) # ohm\n",
+      "print \"The shunt resistance, Rsh = \", round(Rsh,2), \" ohm.\" "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The shunt resistance, Rsh =  2.04  ohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15.5 - page : 3-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# shunt resistance\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "Im=1.0 # in mA\n",
+      "Rm=100.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "I=100.0 # in mA\n",
+      "Rsh=(Im*10**-3*Rm)/((I-Im)*10**-3) # ohm\n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistance, Rsh = \", round(Rsh,3), \" kohm.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Shunt resistance, Rsh =  1.01  kohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter3_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter3_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..b6cd352a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter3_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1565 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# CHAPTER 3: ELECTROMECHANICAL INSTRUMENTS"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "##Example 3-1, Page Number: 37"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Torque= 3e-06  N.m\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "N=100\n",
+    "B=0.2         #in Tesla\n",
+    "D=1*10**-2    #in m\n",
+    "l=1.5*10**-2  #in m\n",
+    "I=1*10**-3    #in A\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation of torque\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Td=B*l*I*N*D  #Torque equation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"Torque=\",Td,\" N.m\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-2, Page Number: 39"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Voltage Sensitivity= 1  mV/mm\n",
+      "Megaohm Sensitivity= 1 mega ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "current_sensitivity=1*10**-6  #in A/mm\n",
+    "damping_resistance=1*10**3    #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Voltage sensitivity\n",
+    "voltage_sensitivity=damping_resistance*current_sensitivity\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Megaohm sensitivity\n",
+    "\n",
+    "megaohm_sensitivity=1/current_sensitivity\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"Voltage Sensitivity=\",int(voltage_sensitivity*1000),\" mV/mm\"\n",
+    "print \"Megaohm Sensitivity=\",int(megaohm_sensitivity/10**6),\"mega ohm\"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-3, Page Number: 41"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 24,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "At FSD,\n",
+      "Meter Voltage= 9.9  mV\n",
+      "Meter Current= 0.1  mA\n",
+      "Shunt Current= 9.9  mA\n",
+      "Total Current= 10.0 mA\n",
+      " \n",
+      "At 0.5 FSD,\n",
+      "Meter Voltage= 4.95  mV\n",
+      "Meter Current= 0.05  mA\n",
+      "Shunt Current= 4.95  mA\n",
+      "Total Current= 5.0   mA\n",
+      " \n",
+      "At 0.25 FSD,\n",
+      "Meter Voltage= 2.475  mV\n",
+      "Meter Current= 0.025  mA\n",
+      "Shunt Current= 2.475  mA\n",
+      "Total Current= 2.5    mA\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Rm=99            #Coil resistance in ohm\n",
+    "Im1=0.1*10**-3   #FSD current in A\n",
+    "Rs=1             #Shunt resistance in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At FSD\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vm1=Im1*Rm        #Meter Voltage\n",
+    "Is1=Vm1/Rs\n",
+    "It1=Is1+Im1       #Total Current\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At 0.5 FSD\n",
+    "Im2=0.5*Im1     #0.5 FSD current\n",
+    "Vm2=Im2*Rm      #Meter Voltage\n",
+    "Is2=Vm2/Rs      #Shunt current\n",
+    "It2=Im2+Is2     #Total current\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At 0.25 FSD\n",
+    "Im3=0.25*Im1     #0.25 FSD current\n",
+    "Vm3=Im3*Rm      #Meter Voltage\n",
+    "Is3=Vm3/Rs      #Shunt current\n",
+    "It3=Im3+Is3     #Total current\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"At FSD,\"\n",
+    "print \"Meter Voltage=\",round(Vm1*1000,1),\" mV\"\n",
+    "print \"Meter Current=\",round(Im1*1000,1),\" mA\"\n",
+    "print \"Shunt Current=\",round(Is1*1000,1),\" mA\"\n",
+    "print \"Total Current=\",round(It1*1000,1),\"mA\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \" \"\n",
+    "print \"At 0.5 FSD,\"\n",
+    "print \"Meter Voltage=\",round(Vm2*1000,2),\" mV\"\n",
+    "print \"Meter Current=\",round(Im2*1000,2),\" mA\"\n",
+    "print \"Shunt Current=\",round(Is2*1000,2),\" mA\"\n",
+    "print \"Total Current=\",round(It2*1000,2),\"  mA\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \" \"\n",
+    "print \"At 0.25 FSD,\"\n",
+    "print \"Meter Voltage=\",round(Vm3*1000,3),\" mV\"\n",
+    "print \"Meter Current=\",round(Im3*1000,3),\" mA\"\n",
+    "print \"Shunt Current=\",round(Is3*1000,3),\" mA\"\n",
+    "print \"Total Current=\",round(It3*1000,1),\"   mA\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-4, Page Number: 43"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "For FSD=100mA,\n",
+      "Shunt Resistance= 1.001  ohm\n",
+      "For FSD=1A,\n",
+      "Shunt Resistance= 0.10001  ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "Im=100*10**-6    #FSD Current in A\n",
+    "Rm=1*10**3       #Coil Resistance \n",
+    "I1=100*10**-3    #Required FSD current\n",
+    "I2=1             #Required FSD current\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#FSD=100mA\n",
+    "Vm1=Im*Rm        #Meter Voltage\n",
+    "Is1=I1-Im        #Shunt Current\n",
+    "Rs1=Vm1/Is1      #Shunt Resistance\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#FSD=1A\n",
+    "Vm2=Im*Rm        #Meter Voltage\n",
+    "Is2=I2-Im        #Shunt Current\n",
+    "Rs2=Vm2/Is2      #Shunt Resistance\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"For FSD=100mA,\"\n",
+    "print \"Shunt Resistance=\",round(Rs1,3),\" ohm\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"For FSD=1A,\"\n",
+    "print \"Shunt Resistance=\",round(Rs2,5),\" ohm\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-5, Page Number: 45"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 49,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "When switch is at B, Ammeter Range= 10  mA\n",
+      "When switch is at C, Ammeter Range= 100  mA\n",
+      "When switch is at D, Ammeter Range= 1  A\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "R1=0.05      #in ohm\n",
+    "R2=0.45      #in ohm\n",
+    "R3=4.5       #in ohm\n",
+    "Rm=1*10**3   #in ohm\n",
+    "Im=50*10**-6 #in A\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Switch at contact B\n",
+    "Vs1=Im*Rm\n",
+    "Is1=Vs1/(R1+R2+R3)\n",
+    "It1=Im+Is1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Switch at contact C\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vs2=Im*(Rm+R3)\n",
+    "Is2=Vs2/(R1+R2)\n",
+    "It2=Im+Is2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Swithc at contact D\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vs3=Im*(Rm+R3+R2)\n",
+    "Is3=Vs3/R1\n",
+    "It3=Im+Is3\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"When switch is at B, Ammeter Range=\",int(It1*1000),\" mA\"\n",
+    "print \"When switch is at C, Ammeter Range=\",int(It2*1000),\" mA\"\n",
+    "print \"When switch is at D, Ammeter Range=\",int(It3),\" A\"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-6, Page Number:47"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "For 50V at full scale, multiplier resistance should be 499  kilo ohm\n",
+      "When instrument reads 0.8 FSD, applied voltage is 40  volt\n",
+      "When instrument reads 0.5 FSD, applied voltage is 25  volt\n",
+      "When instrument reads 0.2 FSD, applied voltage is 10  volt\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Im=100*10**-6       #in A\n",
+    "Rm=1*10**3          #in ohm\n",
+    "V=50                #in V \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Rs=V/Im-Rm          #in ohm  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At 0.8 FSD\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Im1=0.8*Im          #in A\n",
+    "V1=Im1*(Rs+Rm)      #in V \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At 0.5 FSD\n",
+    "Im2=0.5*Im          #in A  \n",
+    "V2=Im2*(Rs+Rm)      #in V \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At 0.2 FSD\n",
+    "Im3=0.2*Im          #in A\n",
+    "V3=Im3*(Rs+Rm)      #in V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"For 50V at full scale, multiplier resistance should be\",int(Rs/1000),\" kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"When instrument reads 0.8 FSD, applied voltage is\",int(V1),\" volt\"\n",
+    "print \"When instrument reads 0.5 FSD, applied voltage is\",int(V2),\" volt\"\n",
+    "print \"When instrument reads 0.2 FSD, applied voltage is\",int(V3),\" volt\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-7, Page Number: 49"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "For Circuit 1,\n",
+      "R1= 198.3 kilo ohm\n",
+      "R2= 998.3 kilo ohm\n",
+      "R3= 1.9983 mega ohm\n",
+      " \n",
+      "For Circuit 2,\n",
+      "R1= 198.3 kilo ohm\n",
+      "R2= 800 kilo ohm\n",
+      "R3= 1.0 mega ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Im=50*10**-6    #FSD current in A\n",
+    "Rm=1700         #Coil resistance in ohm\n",
+    "V1=10           #Required range in V\n",
+    "V2=50           #Required range in V\n",
+    "V3=100          #Required range in V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For Circuit 1\n",
+    "R11=V1/Im-Rm\n",
+    "R12=V2/Im-Rm\n",
+    "R13=V3/Im-Rm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For Circuit 2\n",
+    "R21=V1/Im-Rm\n",
+    "R22=V2/Im-R21-Rm\n",
+    "R23=V3/Im-R22-R21-Rm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"For Circuit 1,\"\n",
+    "print \"R1=\",round(R11/1000,1),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"R2=\",round(R12/1000,1),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"R3=\",round(R13/10**6,4),\"mega ohm\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \" \"\n",
+    "print \"For Circuit 2,\"\n",
+    "print \"R1=\",round(R21/1000,1),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"R2=\",int(R22/1000),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"R3=\",round(R23/10**6,4),\"mega ohm\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-8, Page Number: 53"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 97,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Multiplier Resistance= 890.7 kilo ohm\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
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+       "A+MgTQ0qgm8WAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x79bf450>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+    "## Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "I=100*10**-6    #Full Scale Current in A\n",
+    "Rm=1*10**3       #Coil Resistance in ohm\n",
+    "Vrms=100         #FSD rms voltage in V \n",
+    "Vf=0.7           #Diode voltage\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At FSD, the average current flowing through PMMC is\n",
+    "Iavg=I\n",
+    "Im=round(Iavg/0.637,6)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "rectifier_voltage_drops=2*Vf\n",
+    "peak_voltage=1.414*Vrms\n",
+    "Rs=(peak_voltage-rectifier_voltage_drops)/Im-Rm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#To plot rectified waveform used by the voltmeter at FSD\n",
+    "t=np.arange(0.01,1.0,0.01)                                               #Time Axis\n",
+    "plt.plot(t,(peak_voltage-2*Vf)*fabs(sin(2*pi*t*2)))                      #Full wave rectified sine wave\n",
+    "plt.plot(t,(peak_voltage-2*Vf)*t/t,'--',label='Vm')                      #Peak Voltage Marker\n",
+    "plt.plot(t,(Vrms-0.707*2*Vf)*t/t,'--',label='Vrms')                      #RMS Voltage Marker\n",
+    "plt.plot(t,(peak_voltage-2*Vf)*0.637*t/t,'--',label='Vavg')              #Average Voltage Marker\n",
+    "legend = plt.legend(loc='lower right')\n",
+    "xlabel('Time(second)')\n",
+    "ylabel('Input Voltage(V)')\n",
+    "title('Rectified waveform across PMMC at FSD')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"Multiplier Resistance=\",round(Rs/1000,1), \"kilo ohm\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-9, Page Number: 53\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "When input is 75 V(rms), meter reading is 0.75  FSD\n",
+      "When input is 50 V(rms), meter reading is 0.5  FSD\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration \n",
+    "#Data from Example 3-7\n",
+    "Rs=890*10**3             #in ohm   \n",
+    "Rm=1*10**3               #in ohm\n",
+    "Vrms=100                 #in V\n",
+    "Vf=0.7                   #in V\n",
+    "I=100*10**-6             #in A\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When input=75V (rms)\n",
+    "Vrms1=75\n",
+    "Im1=(1.414*Vrms1-2*Vf)/(Rs+Rm)\n",
+    "Iavg1=0.637*Im1\n",
+    "p1=Iavg1/I\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When input=50V (rms)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vrms2=50\n",
+    "Im2=(1.414*Vrms2-2*Vf)/(Rs+Rm)\n",
+    "Iavg2=0.637*Im2\n",
+    "p2=Iavg2/I\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"When input is 75 V(rms), meter reading is\",round(p1,2),\" FSD\"\n",
+    "print \"When input is 50 V(rms), meter reading is\",round(p2,2),\" FSD\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-10, Page Number: 54"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 22,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The sensitivity of the voltmeter described in example 3-8 is, 9 kilo ohm/V\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math \n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "#From Example 3-8\n",
+    "Im=157*10**-6          #Maximum Current(A)\n",
+    "Vrms=100               #Maximum rms voltage(V)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Irms=0.707*Im         #Property of sinusoid  \n",
+    "R=Vrms/Irms           #Ohm's Law\n",
+    "sensitivity=R/Vrms\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"The sensitivity of the voltmeter described in example 3-8 is,\",int(sensitivity/1000),\"kilo ohm/V\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-11, Page Number: 55"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 96,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The value of Rsh is 778   ohm\n",
+      "The value of Rs is 139.5  kilo ohm\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "image/png": [
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+       "IZiQDogzvAYCHwdu7UO+O2I4gKOr7m0WZXSctuEKw+kFLPG31jGs3hq36BP6COBMSfcDU4C94/3b\n",
+       "gXfG4/WBP8ftsm8DTorXvwy8Mw5sPwwcH6+fDmwQB7fvB8aa2XzgFOAW4H5gspn9uYZsSbm/Apwg\n",
+       "6UFgWFW4PQjjHY7TNnx7c8dpAUmDCWMO78pbllrEMZCzzGxK3rI45cF7GI7TAmb2CmF204F5y1JN\n",
+       "nHY7xJWF0268h+E4juOkwnsYjuM4TipcYTiO4zipcIXhOI7jpMIVhuM4jpMKVxiO4zhOKlxhOI7j\n",
+       "OKn4/5CFOt6sGQp8AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7edddd0>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Iav=50*10**-6         #FSD Current (A)\n",
+    "Rm=1700               #Coil resistance(ohm)\n",
+    "Imin=100*10**-6       #Minimum forward current (peak)in A\n",
+    "p=20.0/100.0          #20% FSD at 100 micro amps\n",
+    "Vrms=50\n",
+    "Vf=0.7\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "Im=Iav/(0.5*0.637)  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At 20% FSD, If must be 100micro amps, hence the current at 100% FSD is\n",
+    "If_peak=Imin/p\n",
+    "Ish_peak=If_peak-Im\n",
+    "Vm_peak=Im*Rm\n",
+    "Rsh=Vm_peak/Ish_peak\n",
+    "Rs=(1.414*Vrms-Vm_peak-Vf)/If_peak\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Plot of half wave rectified voltage appearing across PMMC instrument\n",
+    "t=np.arange(0.01,1.0,0.01)                                  #Time Axis\n",
+    "N=0\n",
+    "x=zeros(99)\n",
+    "while(N<99):\n",
+    "    if((N<=25)|(N>50)&(N<=75)):\n",
+    "         x[N]=(If_peak-Im)*Rsh*sin(2*pi*2*N/100)\n",
+    "    else:\n",
+    "          x[N]=0\n",
+    "    N=N+1\n",
+    " plt.plot(t,x)\n",
+    "plt.plot(t,(If_peak-Im)*Rsh*t/t,'--',label='Vmax')\n",
+    "plt.plot(t,0.5*(If_peak-Im)*Rsh*t/t,'--',label='Vrms')\n",
+    "plt.plot(t,0.318*(If_peak-Im)*Rsh*t/t,'--',label='Vavg')\n",
+    "plt.xlabel('Time(second)')\n",
+    "plt.ylabel('Voltage(V)')\n",
+    "plt.title('Half wave rectified waveform across PMMC at FSD')\n",
+    "legend = plt.legend(loc='lower right')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"The value of Rsh is\",int(Rsh),\"  ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"The value of Rs is\",round(Rs/1000,1),\" kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-12, Page Number: 58"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 111,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The required value of Rl is 28.2  kilo ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Iav=1*10**-3                      #in A\n",
+    "Rm=1700                           #in ohm \n",
+    "Ns=500                            #Secondary windings                           \n",
+    "Np=4                              #Primary windings \n",
+    "Vf=0.7                            #in V \n",
+    "Rs=20*10**3                       #in ohm \n",
+    "Ip=250*10**-3                     #in A\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "Im=Iav/0.637                      #Property of sine half wave\n",
+    "Em=Im*(Rs+Rm)+2*Vf                \n",
+    "Es=0.707*Em\n",
+    "rms_meter_current=1.11*Iav\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Trasnformer rms secondary current is,\n",
+    "Is=Ip*Np/Ns\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Il=Is-rms_meter_current\n",
+    "Rl=Es/Il\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"The required value of Rl is\",round(Rl/1000,1),\" kilo ohm\" \n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-13, Page Number: 59"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 129,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "At FSD,\n",
+      "Measured current= 99.0  micro ampere to 101.0  micro ampere\n",
+      "Error=± 1 % of measured current\n",
+      " \n",
+      "At 0.5 FSD,\n",
+      "Measured current= 49.0  micro ampere to 51.0  micro ampere\n",
+      "Error= ± 2 % of measured current\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Delcaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "current_fsd=100*10**-6\n",
+    "accuracy=1.0/100.0\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "error_fsd=accuracy*current_fsd\n",
+    "#At FSD\n",
+    "indicated_current_fsd=current_fsd\n",
+    "measured_current_fsd_max=indicated_current_fsd+error_fsd\n",
+    "measured_current_fsd_min=indicated_current_fsd-error_fsd\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At 0.5 FSD\n",
+    "\n",
+    "indicated_current=0.5*current_fsd\n",
+    "measured_current_max=indicated_current+error_fsd\n",
+    "measured_current_min=indicated_current-error_fsd\n",
+    "\n",
+    "error=error_fsd/indicated_current\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results \n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"At FSD,\"\n",
+    "print \"Measured current=\",measured_current_fsd_min*10**6,\" micro ampere to\",measured_current_fsd_max*10**6,\" micro ampere\"\n",
+    "print \"Error=±\",int(accuracy*100),\"% of measured current\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \" \"\n",
+    "print \"At 0.5 FSD,\"\n",
+    "print \"Measured current=\",measured_current_min*10**6,\" micro ampere to\",measured_current_max*10**6,\" micro ampere\"\n",
+    "print \"Error= ±\",int(error*100),\"% of measured current\"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-14, Page Number: 61"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "When Rx=0, the meter indicates 100 micro ampere(FSD)\n",
+      " \n",
+      "At 0.5 FSD, Rx= 15  kilo ohm\n",
+      "At 0.25 FSD, Rx= 45  kilo ohm\n",
+      "At 0.75 FSD, Rx= 5.0  kilo ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "Eb=1.5               #Battery Voltage(V)\n",
+    "R1=15.0*10**3          #Standard resistance+meter resistance\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Im=Eb/R1             #Ohm's Law\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At 0.5 FSD\n",
+    "Im1=0.5*Im           #Current at 0.5 FSD\n",
+    "Rx1=Eb/Im1-R1        #Resistance measured at 0.5 FSD\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At 0.25 FSD\n",
+    "Im2=Im/4\n",
+    "Rx2=Eb/Im2-Rx1        #Resistance  measured at 0.25 FSD  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At 0.75 FSD          \n",
+    "Im3=0.75*Im\n",
+    "Rx3=Eb/Im3-Rx1      #Resistance measured at 0.25 FSD \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"When Rx=0, the meter indicates\",int(Im*10**6),\"micro ampere(FSD)\"\n",
+    "print \" \"\n",
+    "print \"At 0.5 FSD, Rx=\",int(Rx1*10**-3),\" kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"At 0.25 FSD, Rx=\",int(Rx2*10**-3),\" kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"At 0.75 FSD, Rx=\",round(Rx3*10**-3),\" kilo ohm\"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-15, Page Number: 63"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 22,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Ohmmeter scale reading at 0.5 FSD is, 15 kilo ohm\n",
+      "With Rx=0 and Eb=1.3V, R2 should be 68.18 ohm\n",
+      "At 0.5 FSD, with Eb=1.3V, the ohmeter scale reading is, 15 kilo ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "Eb1=1.5               #Battery Voltage(V)\n",
+    "R1=15*10**3           #Series resistance as shown in figure(ohm)\n",
+    "Rm=50                 #Coil resistance (ohm)\n",
+    "R2=50                 #Shunt resistance(ohm)\n",
+    "I_fsd=50*10**-6       #FSD Current(A)  \n",
+    "Eb2=1.3\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At 0.5 FSD, with Eb=1.5V\n",
+    "Im1=0.5*I_fsd\n",
+    "Vm1=Im1*Rm\n",
+    "I21=Vm1/R2           #Ohm's Law\n",
+    "Ib1=I21+Im1          #KCL\n",
+    "Rx1=Eb1/Ib1-R1       #Unknown resistance value is found   \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#With Rx=0,Eb=1.3V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Ib2=Eb2/R1           #Total Current \n",
+    "I22=Ib2-I_fsd        #Shunt Current using KCL\n",
+    "Vm2=I_fsd*Rm         #Voltage across meter\n",
+    "R22=Vm2/I22          #Shunt Resistance value\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At 0.5FSD, Eb=1.3V\n",
+    "Im3=0.5*I_fsd        #Meter Current\n",
+    "Vm3=Im3*Rm           #Voltage across meter using Ohm's Law\n",
+    "I23=Vm3/R22          #Shunt Current using Ohm's Law \n",
+    "Ib3=I23+Im3          #Total current using KCL \n",
+    "Rx2=Eb2/Ib3-R1       #Resitance reading on Ohm scale\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Ohmmeter scale reading at 0.5 FSD is,\",int(Rx1/1000),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"With Rx=0 and Eb=1.3V, R2 should be\",round(R22,2),\"ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"At 0.5 FSD, with Eb=1.3V, the ohmeter scale reading is,\",int(Rx2/1000),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3-16, Page Number: 65"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 54,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "When Rx=0,\n",
+      "Battery current= 62.516  mA\n",
+      "Meter current= 37.45  micro ampere\n",
+      "Full Scale= 0 ohm\n",
+      " \n",
+      "When Rx=24,\n",
+      "Battery Current= 31.254 mA\n",
+      "Meter Current= 18.72 micro ampere\n",
+      "As meter current is 0.5 times of full scale.Thus, when Rx=24 ohm it indicates half scale reading\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "#From Circuit Diagram\n",
+    "R1=14               #in ohm\n",
+    "R2=10               #in ohm \n",
+    "R3=9.99*10**3       #in ohm  \n",
+    "R4=2.875*10**3      #in ohm\n",
+    "R5=3.82*10**3       #in ohm \n",
+    "Eb=1.5              #Battery current\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When Rx=0, battery current is\n",
+    "R6=R3+R4+R5         #Series equivalent\n",
+    "R7=R2*R6/(R2+R6)    #Parallel equivalent \n",
+    "Ib1=Eb/(R1+R7)  \n",
+    "Im1=Ib1*R2/(R2+R6)  #Using Current Dividor Rule \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When Rx=24 ohm,\n",
+    "R8=24 \n",
+    "Ib2=Eb1/(R8+R1+R7)  #From figure\n",
+    "Im2=Ib2*R2/(R2+R6)  #Using Current Dividor Rule\n",
+    "n=round(Ib2/Ib1,3)\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"When Rx=0,\"\n",
+    "print \"Battery current=\",round(Ib1*1000,3),\" mA\"\n",
+    "print \"Meter current=\",round(Im1*10**6,2),\" micro ampere\"\n",
+    "print \"Full Scale= 0 ohm\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \" \"\n",
+    "print \"When Rx=24,\"\n",
+    "print \"Battery Current=\",round(Ib2*10**3,3),\"mA\"\n",
+    "print \"Meter Current=\",round(Im2*10**6,2),\"micro ampere\"\n",
+    "print \"As meter current is\",n,\"times of full scale.Thus, when Rx=24 ohm it indicates half scale reading\" \n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter4.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter4.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..66a0b7e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter4.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:fc56911ca78177974b04004faec461a6b97c01b43d461299fb0cf06eea3ba6da"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter4 - Analog Electronic Volt-Ohm Milliammeters"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.2.1 - page : 4-4"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Peak amplitude\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "E_rms=230.0 #in V\n",
+      "Ep=2**(1.0/2)*E_rms \n",
+      "print \"Peak amplitude, Ep = \", round(Ep,2), \" V.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Peak amplitude, Ep =  325.27  V.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.12.1 - page : 4-21"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "Rm=500.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "E_rms=50.0 # in V\n",
+      "E_dc=(2**(1.0/2)*E_rms)/(math.pi/2) \n",
+      "Im=1*10**-3 #in A\n",
+      "R=E_dc/Im \n",
+      "Rs=(R-Rm)*10**-3 \n",
+      "print \"The resistance, Rs = \", round(Rs,1), \" kohm.\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The resistance, Rs =  44.5  kohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.14.1 - page : 4-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Percentage error\n",
+      "ff1=1.0 #form factor\n",
+      "r=1.11 #sine wave form factor\n",
+      "per=((r-ff1)/ff1)*100 #percentage error\n",
+      "print \"Percentage error is \", per, \" %\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Percentage error is  11.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.14.2 - page : 4-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#part (i)\n",
+      "# form factor\n",
+      "T1=3.0 #\n",
+      "T=range(0,4) \n",
+      "##Function for integration\n",
+      "def integrate(a,b,f):\n",
+      "    # def function before using this\n",
+      "    # eg. : f=lambda t:200**2*t**2\n",
+      "    #a=lower limit;b=upper limit;f is a function\n",
+      "    import numpy\n",
+      "    N=1000 # points for iteration\n",
+      "    t=numpy.linspace(a,b,N)\n",
+      "    ft=f(t)\n",
+      "    ans=numpy.sum(ft)*(b-a)/N\n",
+      "    return ans\n",
+      "# Calculating Vrms\n",
+      "a=T[0]\n",
+      "b=T[3]\n",
+      "f=lambda t:200**2*t**2\n",
+      "Vrms=(1/T1*integrate(a,b,f))**(1.0/2)  # V\n",
+      "# Calculating Vav\n",
+      "g=lambda t:200*t\n",
+      "Vav=1/T1*integrate(a,b,g)  # V\n",
+      "ff=Vrms/Vav # form factor\n",
+      "print \"Form factor is \", round(ff,4)\n",
+      "# part (ii)\n",
+      "ff1=1.11 #form factor of sine wave\n",
+      "per=((ff1/ff)-1)*100 #percentage errpr\n",
+      "print \"Percentage error in meter indication is\", round(per,3), \" %\"\n",
+      "# Answer is not accurate in the textbook."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Form factor is  1.155\n",
+        "Percentage error in meter indication is -3.895  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.1 - page : 4-43"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "gm=0.005 #in mho\n",
+      "V1=1.5 #in V\n",
+      "rd=200.0*10**3 # in Ohm\n",
+      "Rd=15.0*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=75.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "I=(gm*V1*((Rd*rd)/(rd+Rd)))/((2*((Rd*rd)/(rd+Rd)))+Rm) # A\n",
+      "I*=10**3  #  mA\n",
+      "print \"Current, I = \", round(I,2), \" mA\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Current, I =  3.74  mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.2 - page : 4-44"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "gm=0.005 #in mho\n",
+      "V1=[0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0] #in V\n",
+      "rd=200.0*10**3 # in Ohm\n",
+      "Rd=15.0*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=75.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "Im=[]\n",
+      "for v1 in V1:\n",
+      "    Im.append(gm*(rd*Rd*v1/(rd+Rd))/(2.0*(rd*Rd/(rd+Rd))+Rm)*1000)  # mA\n",
+      "#Im*=1000  # mA\n",
+      "print \"Voltage    Current\"\n",
+      "i=0\n",
+      "for im in Im:\n",
+      "    print V1[i],\" V   \",round(Im[i],3),\" A\"\n",
+      "    i+=1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage    Current\n",
+        "0.2  V    0.499  A\n",
+        "0.4  V    0.997  A\n",
+        "0.6  V    1.496  A\n",
+        "0.8  V    1.995  A\n",
+        "1.0  V    2.493  A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.3 - page : 4-44"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Design\n",
+      "v1=100.0 # in V\n",
+      "v2=30.0 #in V\n",
+      "v3=103.0 # in V\n",
+      "v4=1.0 #in V\n",
+      "x=9.0 #assume input resistance in Mohm\n",
+      "r4=(v4/v3)*x*10**3 #in kohm\n",
+      "r3=(((v4/v1)*x*10**6)-(r4*10**3))*10**-3 #in kohm\n",
+      "r2=(((v4/v2)*x*10**6)-((r4+r3)*10**3))*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "r1=9*10**6-((r2+r3+r4)*10**3) # in ohm\n",
+      "r1*=10**-6  # Mohm\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R4  is \",round(r4,2),\" kohm.\"\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R3  is \",round(r3,2),\" kohm.\"\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R2  is \",r2,\" kohm.\"\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R1  is \",r1,\" Mohm.\"\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance, R4  is  87.38  kohm.\n",
+        "Resistance, R3  is  2.62  kohm.\n",
+        "Resistance, R2  is  210.0  kohm.\n",
+        "Resistance, R1  is  8.7  Mohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.4 - page : 4-51"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "rd=150.0*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=50.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rs=1000.0*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "gm=0.0052 #in mho\n",
+      "rd1=rd/((gm*rd)+1) \n",
+      "V0=gm*((rd1*Rs)/(rd1+Rs))\n",
+      "R0=(2*Rs*rd1)/(Rs+rd1)\n",
+      "I=V0/(R0+Rm) # A\n",
+      "I*=10**3  # mA\n",
+      "print \"Curent, I = \", round(I,3),\" mA\"\n",
+      "# Answer in the textbook is not accurate."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Curent, I =  2.3  mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.5 - page : 4-52"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "V1=1.0 #in V\n",
+      "I=1.5*10**-3 #in A\n",
+      "rd=200.0*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=50.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rs=600.0*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "gm=0.005 #in mho\n",
+      "rd1=rd/((gm*rd)+1) \n",
+      "V0=gm*((rd1*Rs)/(rd1+Rs))*V1\n",
+      "R0=(2*Rs*rd1)/(Rs+rd1)\n",
+      "R_cal=(V0/I)-Rm-R0 \n",
+      "print \"Resistance , R_cal = \",round(R_cal,2),\" ohm\" \n",
+      "# answer is wrong in book"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance , R_cal =  216.31  ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example q.3 - page : 4-73"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current and voltage\n",
+      "rm=10.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "im=5.0 # in mA\n",
+      "i=1.0 # in A\n",
+      "v=5.0 #in A\n",
+      "ish=i-(im*10**-3) # in A\n",
+      "m=i/(im*10**-3) # ratio\n",
+      "rsh=rm/(m-1) #in ohm\n",
+      "vo=v/i #in V\n",
+      "rsh1=vo/(im) #in kohm\n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistance is \",round(rsh,2),\" ohm to measure current upto 1 A\"\n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistance is \", rsh1,\" kohm to measure voltage upto 5 V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Shunt resistance is  0.05  ohm to measure current upto 1 A\n",
+        "Shunt resistance is  1.0  kohm to measure voltage upto 5 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter4_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter4_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..66a0b7e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter4_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:fc56911ca78177974b04004faec461a6b97c01b43d461299fb0cf06eea3ba6da"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter4 - Analog Electronic Volt-Ohm Milliammeters"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.2.1 - page : 4-4"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Peak amplitude\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "E_rms=230.0 #in V\n",
+      "Ep=2**(1.0/2)*E_rms \n",
+      "print \"Peak amplitude, Ep = \", round(Ep,2), \" V.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Peak amplitude, Ep =  325.27  V.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.12.1 - page : 4-21"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "Rm=500.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "E_rms=50.0 # in V\n",
+      "E_dc=(2**(1.0/2)*E_rms)/(math.pi/2) \n",
+      "Im=1*10**-3 #in A\n",
+      "R=E_dc/Im \n",
+      "Rs=(R-Rm)*10**-3 \n",
+      "print \"The resistance, Rs = \", round(Rs,1), \" kohm.\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The resistance, Rs =  44.5  kohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.14.1 - page : 4-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Percentage error\n",
+      "ff1=1.0 #form factor\n",
+      "r=1.11 #sine wave form factor\n",
+      "per=((r-ff1)/ff1)*100 #percentage error\n",
+      "print \"Percentage error is \", per, \" %\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Percentage error is  11.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.14.2 - page : 4-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#part (i)\n",
+      "# form factor\n",
+      "T1=3.0 #\n",
+      "T=range(0,4) \n",
+      "##Function for integration\n",
+      "def integrate(a,b,f):\n",
+      "    # def function before using this\n",
+      "    # eg. : f=lambda t:200**2*t**2\n",
+      "    #a=lower limit;b=upper limit;f is a function\n",
+      "    import numpy\n",
+      "    N=1000 # points for iteration\n",
+      "    t=numpy.linspace(a,b,N)\n",
+      "    ft=f(t)\n",
+      "    ans=numpy.sum(ft)*(b-a)/N\n",
+      "    return ans\n",
+      "# Calculating Vrms\n",
+      "a=T[0]\n",
+      "b=T[3]\n",
+      "f=lambda t:200**2*t**2\n",
+      "Vrms=(1/T1*integrate(a,b,f))**(1.0/2)  # V\n",
+      "# Calculating Vav\n",
+      "g=lambda t:200*t\n",
+      "Vav=1/T1*integrate(a,b,g)  # V\n",
+      "ff=Vrms/Vav # form factor\n",
+      "print \"Form factor is \", round(ff,4)\n",
+      "# part (ii)\n",
+      "ff1=1.11 #form factor of sine wave\n",
+      "per=((ff1/ff)-1)*100 #percentage errpr\n",
+      "print \"Percentage error in meter indication is\", round(per,3), \" %\"\n",
+      "# Answer is not accurate in the textbook."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Form factor is  1.155\n",
+        "Percentage error in meter indication is -3.895  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.1 - page : 4-43"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "gm=0.005 #in mho\n",
+      "V1=1.5 #in V\n",
+      "rd=200.0*10**3 # in Ohm\n",
+      "Rd=15.0*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=75.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "I=(gm*V1*((Rd*rd)/(rd+Rd)))/((2*((Rd*rd)/(rd+Rd)))+Rm) # A\n",
+      "I*=10**3  #  mA\n",
+      "print \"Current, I = \", round(I,2), \" mA\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Current, I =  3.74  mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.2 - page : 4-44"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "gm=0.005 #in mho\n",
+      "V1=[0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0] #in V\n",
+      "rd=200.0*10**3 # in Ohm\n",
+      "Rd=15.0*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=75.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "Im=[]\n",
+      "for v1 in V1:\n",
+      "    Im.append(gm*(rd*Rd*v1/(rd+Rd))/(2.0*(rd*Rd/(rd+Rd))+Rm)*1000)  # mA\n",
+      "#Im*=1000  # mA\n",
+      "print \"Voltage    Current\"\n",
+      "i=0\n",
+      "for im in Im:\n",
+      "    print V1[i],\" V   \",round(Im[i],3),\" A\"\n",
+      "    i+=1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage    Current\n",
+        "0.2  V    0.499  A\n",
+        "0.4  V    0.997  A\n",
+        "0.6  V    1.496  A\n",
+        "0.8  V    1.995  A\n",
+        "1.0  V    2.493  A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.3 - page : 4-44"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Design\n",
+      "v1=100.0 # in V\n",
+      "v2=30.0 #in V\n",
+      "v3=103.0 # in V\n",
+      "v4=1.0 #in V\n",
+      "x=9.0 #assume input resistance in Mohm\n",
+      "r4=(v4/v3)*x*10**3 #in kohm\n",
+      "r3=(((v4/v1)*x*10**6)-(r4*10**3))*10**-3 #in kohm\n",
+      "r2=(((v4/v2)*x*10**6)-((r4+r3)*10**3))*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "r1=9*10**6-((r2+r3+r4)*10**3) # in ohm\n",
+      "r1*=10**-6  # Mohm\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R4  is \",round(r4,2),\" kohm.\"\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R3  is \",round(r3,2),\" kohm.\"\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R2  is \",r2,\" kohm.\"\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R1  is \",r1,\" Mohm.\"\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance, R4  is  87.38  kohm.\n",
+        "Resistance, R3  is  2.62  kohm.\n",
+        "Resistance, R2  is  210.0  kohm.\n",
+        "Resistance, R1  is  8.7  Mohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.4 - page : 4-51"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "rd=150.0*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=50.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rs=1000.0*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "gm=0.0052 #in mho\n",
+      "rd1=rd/((gm*rd)+1) \n",
+      "V0=gm*((rd1*Rs)/(rd1+Rs))\n",
+      "R0=(2*Rs*rd1)/(Rs+rd1)\n",
+      "I=V0/(R0+Rm) # A\n",
+      "I*=10**3  # mA\n",
+      "print \"Curent, I = \", round(I,3),\" mA\"\n",
+      "# Answer in the textbook is not accurate."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Curent, I =  2.3  mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.5 - page : 4-52"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "V1=1.0 #in V\n",
+      "I=1.5*10**-3 #in A\n",
+      "rd=200.0*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=50.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rs=600.0*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "gm=0.005 #in mho\n",
+      "rd1=rd/((gm*rd)+1) \n",
+      "V0=gm*((rd1*Rs)/(rd1+Rs))*V1\n",
+      "R0=(2*Rs*rd1)/(Rs+rd1)\n",
+      "R_cal=(V0/I)-Rm-R0 \n",
+      "print \"Resistance , R_cal = \",round(R_cal,2),\" ohm\" \n",
+      "# answer is wrong in book"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance , R_cal =  216.31  ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example q.3 - page : 4-73"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current and voltage\n",
+      "rm=10.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "im=5.0 # in mA\n",
+      "i=1.0 # in A\n",
+      "v=5.0 #in A\n",
+      "ish=i-(im*10**-3) # in A\n",
+      "m=i/(im*10**-3) # ratio\n",
+      "rsh=rm/(m-1) #in ohm\n",
+      "vo=v/i #in V\n",
+      "rsh1=vo/(im) #in kohm\n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistance is \",round(rsh,2),\" ohm to measure current upto 1 A\"\n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistance is \", rsh1,\" kohm to measure voltage upto 5 V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Shunt resistance is  0.05  ohm to measure current upto 1 A\n",
+        "Shunt resistance is  1.0  kohm to measure voltage upto 5 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter4_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter4_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..a8d94a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter4_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# CHAPTER 4:ANALOG ELECTRONIC VOLT-OHM-MILLIAMMETER"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4-1, Page Number 88"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "When E=10 V, meter current is 1 mA\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Input Impedance,\n",
+      "with transistor= 1.0 mega ohm\n",
+      "without transistor= 9.3 kilo ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "Vcc=20              #Supply Voltage(V)\n",
+    "Rsm=9.3*10**3       #Rsm=Rs+Rm(ohm)\n",
+    "Im=1*10**-3         #Emitter Current(A)\n",
+    "hfe=100             #Transistor h parameter\n",
+    "Vb1=0.7             #Base Emitter Voltage drop(V)\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "#To obtain meter current when E=10V\n",
+    "E=10                #Base input voltage(V)\n",
+    "Ve=E-Vb1            #Emitter Voltage(V) found using KVL aclong base loop\n",
+    "Im=Ve/Rsm           #Emitter current \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#With the transistor\n",
+    "Ib=Im/hfe           #Base current is approximately equlat to Ie/hfe\n",
+    "Ri=E/Ib             #Input resistance with transistor\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Without transistor\n",
+    "Ri1=Rsm             #Input resistance without transistor\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"When E=10 V, meter current is\",int(Im*10**3),\"mA\"\n",
+    "print \n",
+    "print \"Input Impedance,\"\n",
+    "print \"with transistor=\",round(Ri/10**6),\"mega ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"without transistor=\",Ri1/10**3,\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4-2, Page Number 89"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "When E=0V, I2=I3= 2.9 mA\n",
+      "When E=1V, meter circuit voltage(V)= 1.0 V\n",
+      "When E=0.5, meter circuit voltage= 0.5 V\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "R2=3.9*10**3           #in ohm\n",
+    "R3=3.9*10**3           #in ohm\n",
+    "Vcc=12                 #in V\n",
+    "Vee=-12                #in V \n",
+    "Vbe=0.7                #Base Emitter voltage in V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When E=0\n",
+    "E=0                         \n",
+    "Vr2=E-Vbe-Vee          #KVL \n",
+    "Vr3=E-Vbe-Vee          #KVL\n",
+    "I2=Vr2/R2              #Ohm's Law\n",
+    "I3=I2               \n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"When E=0V, I2=I3=\",round(I3*10**3,1),\"mA\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When E=1\n",
+    "E=1                   #in V\n",
+    "Vp=0                  #in V\n",
+    "Ve1=E-Vbe             #KVL\n",
+    "Ve2=Vp-Vbe            #KVL\n",
+    "V=Ve1-Ve2             #KVL\n",
+    "print \"When E=1V, meter circuit voltage(V)=\",V,\"V\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When E=0.5\n",
+    "E=0.5                 #in V\n",
+    "Vp=0                  #in V\n",
+    "Ve1=E-Vbe             #KVL \n",
+    "Ve2=Vp-Vbe            #KVL\n",
+    "V=Ve1-Ve2             #KVL  \n",
+    "print \"When E=0.5, meter circuit voltage=\",V,\"V\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4-3, Page Number: 93"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Im is 0.75 which is 75.0 % of full scale\n",
+      "As the meter is in 10V range, 75% of full scale is 7.5 V\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "E=7.5                      #in V\n",
+    "Vgs=-5                     #FET gate source voltage in V\n",
+    "Vp=5                       #in V\n",
+    "Rsm=1*10**3                #Rs+Rm in ohm\n",
+    "Im=1*10**-3                #in A\n",
+    "Ra=800*10**3               #in ohm\n",
+    "Rb=100*10**3               #in ohm\n",
+    "Rc=60*10**3                #in ohm\n",
+    "Rd=40*10**3                #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Eg=E*(Rc+Rd)/(Ra+Rb+Rc+Rd) #Voltage Divider Rule \n",
+    "Vs=Eg-Vgs                  #KVL              \n",
+    "\n",
+    "Ve1=Vs-Vbe                 #KVL \n",
+    "Ve2=Vp-Vbe                 #KVL\n",
+    "V=Ve1-Ve2                  #KVL\n",
+    "Im=V/Rsm                   #Ohm's Law\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Im is\",round(Im*10**3,2),\"which is\",round(Im*10**3,2)*100,\"% of full scale\"\n",
+    "print \"As the meter is in 10V range, 75% of full scale is\",10*0.75,\"V\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4-4, Page Number: 97"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "R3= 100.0 ohm\n",
+      "R4= 4.9 kilo ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Im=100*10**-6            #Full scale current in A\n",
+    "Rm=10*10**3              #Meter resistance in ohm \n",
+    "Ib=0.2*10**-6            #Op-amp input current in A\n",
+    "E=20*10**-3              #Maximum input in V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "\n",
+    "I4=1000*Ib               #Since I4>>Ib\n",
+    "Vout=Im*Rm               #Ohm's Law  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "R3=E/I4                  #Ohm's Law  \n",
+    "R4=(Vout-E)/I4           #Ohm's Law\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"R3=\",R3,\"ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"R4=\",round(R4*10**-3,1),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4-5, Page Number: 98"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "R3= 1.0 kilo Ohm\n",
+      "Maximum voltage at output terminal= 1.1 V\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "E=1.0                #in V\n",
+    "I=1*10**-3           #in A\n",
+    "Rm=100               #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "R3=E/I               #Ohm's Law\n",
+    "Vo=I*(R3+Rm)         #Maximum Output voltage\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"R3=\",R3/1000,\"kilo Ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"Maximum voltage at output terminal=\",round(Vo,1),\"V\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4-7, Page Number: 107"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "R3= 45.0 ohm\n",
+      "When input is 50mV, meter deflection is 0.5 mA(half scale)\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Iav=1*10**-3                          #in A \n",
+    "Rm=1.2*10**3                          #in ohm\n",
+    "E=100*10**-3                          #in V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#With half wave rectifiers,\n",
+    "Ip=2*Iav/0.637                        #Using relation between Ip and Iav for HWR\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Peak value of Er3=input peak voltage\n",
+    "Ep=E/0.707                            #Relation between peak voltage and rms \n",
+    "R3=Ep/Ip                              #in ohm\n",
+    "print \"R3=\",round(R3),\"ohm\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When E=50mV\n",
+    "E=50*10**-3                           #in V\n",
+    "Ep=E/0.707                            #Peak Voltage in V \n",
+    "Ip=Ep/R3                              #Peak current in A \n",
+    "\n",
+    "Iav=0.637*Ip/2                        #Average Current in A\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"When input is 50mV, meter deflection is\",round(Iav*10**3,1),\"mA(half scale)\"\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter5.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter5.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..790db649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter5.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:fb80ed0ac7f61070ddb567219b6f89f7b3cc1db175d565fb219507a40eec868c"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter5 - Digital Voltmeters"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10.1 - page5-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Resolution\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "n=4.0  # no. of full digits\n",
+      "R=1/10**n \n",
+      "print \"Resolution of voltmeter, R = \", R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resolution of voltmeter, R =  0.0001\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10.2 - page5-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resolution\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "n=5.0  # no. of full digits\n",
+      "R=1.0/10**n \n",
+      "print \"Resolution, R = %.5f\" %R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resolution, R = 0.00001\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10.3 - page5-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resolution\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "n=4.0    # no. of full digits\n",
+      "R=1/10**n \n",
+      "print \"Resolution, R = \", R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resolution, R =  0.0001\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10.4 - page5-27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Voltage and time interval\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "t1=1.0 #sec\n",
+      "R=100.0 #kohm\n",
+      "C=1.0 #micro F\n",
+      "C*=10**-6  # F\n",
+      "Vin=1.0 #V\n",
+      "Vref=5.0 #V\n",
+      "def integrate(a,b,f):\n",
+      "    # def function before using this\n",
+      "    # eg. : f=lambda t:200**2*t**2\n",
+      "    #a=lower limit;b=upper limit;f is a function\n",
+      "    import numpy\n",
+      "    N=1000 # points for iteration\n",
+      "    t=numpy.linspace(a,b,N)\n",
+      "    #ft=f(t)\n",
+      "    ans=numpy.sum(f)*(b-a)/N\n",
+      "    return ans\n",
+      "# Calculating output vl=oltage\n",
+      "a=0\n",
+      "b=t1\n",
+      "Vout=1/R/C*integrate(a,b,Vin)  # V\n",
+      "print \"Voltage developed at the output after 1 sec is \",Vout,\" V\"\n",
+      "#Vout=Vref*t2/R/C & Vout=Vin*t1/R/C\n",
+      "t2=t1*Vin/Vref #sec\n",
+      "print \"Time interval t2 is \",t2,\" sec\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage developed at the output after 1 sec is  10.0  V\n",
+        "Time interval t2 is  0.2  sec\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter5_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter5_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..790db649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter5_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:fb80ed0ac7f61070ddb567219b6f89f7b3cc1db175d565fb219507a40eec868c"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter5 - Digital Voltmeters"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10.1 - page5-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Resolution\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "n=4.0  # no. of full digits\n",
+      "R=1/10**n \n",
+      "print \"Resolution of voltmeter, R = \", R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resolution of voltmeter, R =  0.0001\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10.2 - page5-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resolution\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "n=5.0  # no. of full digits\n",
+      "R=1.0/10**n \n",
+      "print \"Resolution, R = %.5f\" %R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resolution, R = 0.00001\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10.3 - page5-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resolution\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "n=4.0    # no. of full digits\n",
+      "R=1/10**n \n",
+      "print \"Resolution, R = \", R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resolution, R =  0.0001\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10.4 - page5-27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Voltage and time interval\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "t1=1.0 #sec\n",
+      "R=100.0 #kohm\n",
+      "C=1.0 #micro F\n",
+      "C*=10**-6  # F\n",
+      "Vin=1.0 #V\n",
+      "Vref=5.0 #V\n",
+      "def integrate(a,b,f):\n",
+      "    # def function before using this\n",
+      "    # eg. : f=lambda t:200**2*t**2\n",
+      "    #a=lower limit;b=upper limit;f is a function\n",
+      "    import numpy\n",
+      "    N=1000 # points for iteration\n",
+      "    t=numpy.linspace(a,b,N)\n",
+      "    #ft=f(t)\n",
+      "    ans=numpy.sum(f)*(b-a)/N\n",
+      "    return ans\n",
+      "# Calculating output vl=oltage\n",
+      "a=0\n",
+      "b=t1\n",
+      "Vout=1/R/C*integrate(a,b,Vin)  # V\n",
+      "print \"Voltage developed at the output after 1 sec is \",Vout,\" V\"\n",
+      "#Vout=Vref*t2/R/C & Vout=Vin*t1/R/C\n",
+      "t2=t1*Vin/Vref #sec\n",
+      "print \"Time interval t2 is \",t2,\" sec\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage developed at the output after 1 sec is  10.0  V\n",
+        "Time interval t2 is  0.2  sec\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter5_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter5_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..9085b454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter5_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# CHAPTER 5: DIGITAL INSTRUMENT BASICS"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 5-1, Page Number: 120"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "High output voltage(Voh)= 4.0 V\n",
+      "Low output voltage(Vol)= 0.7 V\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vcc=5                #in V\n",
+    "R1=1*10**3           #in ohm \n",
+    "Vd=0.7               #Diode voltage in V\n",
+    "I0=1*10**-3          #High output current in A\n",
+    "Vilow=0              #Low input voltage\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "Voh=Vcc-I0*R1\n",
+    "Vol=Vilow+Vd\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"High output voltage(Voh)=\",Voh,\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"Low output voltage(Vol)=\",Vol,\"V\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 5-2, Page Number: 121"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 31,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "With Q2 ON,\n",
+      "Vc2= 0.2 V\n",
+      "Vr1r2= 5.2 V\n",
+      "Vr1= 1.9 V\n",
+      "Vb1= -1.7 V\n",
+      "\n",
+      "With Q1 OFF,\n",
+      "Vrc1= 0.6 V\n",
+      "Vc1= 4.4 V\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vbe=0.7                 #Base emitter voltage in V\n",
+    "Vce_sat=0.2             #Saturation voltage in V\n",
+    "R1=15*10**3             #in ohm\n",
+    "R2=27*10**3             #in ohm\n",
+    "Vcc=5                   #in V\n",
+    "Vbb=-5                  #in V\n",
+    "Rc1=2.7*10**3           #in ohm\n",
+    "R11=15*10**3            #in ohm\n",
+    "R21=27*10**3            #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "#With Q2 on,\n",
+    "Vc2=Vce_sat             #Q2 is ON  \n",
+    "Vr1r2=Vc2-Vbb           #KVL\n",
+    "Vr1=R1*Vr1r2/(R1+R2)    #Voltage Divider Rule\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vb1=Vc2-Vr1             #KVL\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#With Q1 off, \n",
+    "Vrc1=Rc1*(Vcc-Vbb)/(Rc1+R11+R21)     #Voltage Divider Rule\n",
+    "Vc1=Vcc-Vrc1                         #KVL\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"With Q2 ON,\"\n",
+    "print \"Vc2=\",round(Vc2,1),\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"Vr1r2=\",round(Vr1r2,1),\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"Vr1=\",round(Vr1,1),\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"Vb1=\",round(Vb1,1),\"V\"\n",
+    "print\n",
+    "print \"With Q1 OFF,\"\n",
+    "print \"Vrc1=\",round(Vrc1,1),\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"Vc1=\",round(Vc1,1),\"V\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Note: A round off error of 0.1 V is observed in Vr1 and Vb1 variables"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 5-3, Page Number: 124"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 34,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "For the LED Display,\n",
+      "Current for each 7 segment display= 140.0 mA\n",
+      "Current for 1/2 (2 segment) display= 40.0 mA\n",
+      "Total current for 3 and 1/2 digits= 460.0 mA\n",
+      "\n",
+      "For the LCD Display,\n",
+      "Current for each 7 segment display= 2.1 mA\n",
+      "Current for 1/2 (2 segment) display= 600.0 micro ampere\n",
+      "Total current for 3 and 1/2 digits= 6.9 mA\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "If=20*10**-3                  #Forward current in A\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calcualtions\n",
+    "#For the LED display\n",
+    "I7=7*If                       #Seven Segment Current in A\n",
+    "I_1by2=2*If                   #Current for 1/2 digit in A\n",
+    "It=3*I7+I_1by2                #Total Current in A\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"For the LED Display,\"\n",
+    "print \"Current for each 7 segment display=\",round(I7*10**3),\"mA\"\n",
+    "print \"Current for 1/2 (2 segment) display=\",round(I_1by2*10**3),\"mA\"\n",
+    "print \"Total current for 3 and 1/2 digits=\",round(It*10**3),\"mA\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For the LCD Display\n",
+    "If=300*10**-6\n",
+    "\n",
+    "I7=7*If                       #Seven Segment Current in A\n",
+    "I_1by2=2*If                   #Current for 1/2 digit in A\n",
+    "It=3*I7+I_1by2                #Total Current in A\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print\n",
+    "print \"For the LCD Display,\"\n",
+    "print \"Current for each 7 segment display=\",round(I7*10**3,1),\"mA\"\n",
+    "print \"Current for 1/2 (2 segment) display=\",round(I_1by2*10**6),\"micro ampere\"\n",
+    "print \"Total current for 3 and 1/2 digits=\",round(It*10**3,1),\"mA\"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 5-4, Page Number: 130"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 35,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Time period= 4.1 ms\n",
+      "Frequency= 244.0 Hz\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "T0=1*10**-6        #Oscillator time period in s\n",
+    "N=16              #Modulus of the counters \n",
+    "n=3               #No. of counters\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "T=T0*N**n         #Time period in s\n",
+    "f=1/T             #Frequency in Hz\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"Time period=\",round(T*10**3,1),\"ms\"\n",
+    "print \"Frequency=\",round(f),\"Hz\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 5-5, Page Number: 131"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 41,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "For Vi=0.9V,\n",
+      "t= 90.0 ms\n",
+      "Pulses counted= 90000.0\n",
+      "For Vi=0.75V,\n",
+      "t= 75.0 ms\n",
+      "Pulses counted= 75000.0\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "Vr=1.25                     #in V\n",
+    "tr=125*10**-3               #in s\n",
+    "f=1.0*10**6                 #in Hz\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For Vi=0.9\n",
+    "Vi=0.9                     #in V\n",
+    "t1=tr*Vi/Vr                #in s \n",
+    "T=1/f                      #in s\n",
+    "N=t1/T                     #No. of pulses counted  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"For Vi=0.9V,\"\n",
+    "print \"t=\",round(t1*10**3),\"ms\"\n",
+    "print \"Pulses counted=\",round(N)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For Vi=0.75\n",
+    "Vi=0.75                   #in V\n",
+    "t1=tr*Vi/Vr               #in s \n",
+    "N=t1/T                    #No. of pulses counted \n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"For Vi=0.75V,\"\n",
+    "print \"t=\",round(t1*10**3),\"ms\"\n",
+    "print \"Pulses counted=\",round(N)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#**********************Error********************************\n",
+    "##Note:The count values obtained in text book are 900 and 750 \n",
+    "##Whereas the actual values are 900000 and 75000 respectively"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 5-6, Page Number: 133"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 47,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "N= 7 bit ADC is requird for quantizing error less than 1%\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For 1% quantizing error count, count>=100\n",
+    "N=1\n",
+    "while(N):\n",
+    "    count=2**N-1\n",
+    "    if(count>=100):\n",
+    "        break \n",
+    "    N=N+1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"N=\",N,\"bit ADC is requird for quantizing error less than 1%\"\n",
+    "        "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 5-7, Page Number: 135"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 50,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Vo= 6.25 V\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "a3=1          #bit\n",
+    "a2=0          #bit\n",
+    "a1=1          #bit\n",
+    "a0=0          #bit\n",
+    "Vi=10        #in V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vo=(2**3*a3+2**2*a2+2**1*a1+a0)*Vi/16.0\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Vo=\",round(Vo,2),\"V\"\n",
+    " \n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter6.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter6.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..82ed6e02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter6.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:3cc9d2c4c0d6a493cdaa2dbc9383ef800411a8ab69ddf373e977319372599f8f"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter6 - Digital Frequency Meter"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.17.1 - page6-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Desired gate time\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "r=0.1         #in Hz\n",
+      "D=1/r         #in seconds\n",
+      "print \"The desired gate time, D = \", D,\" seconds\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The desired gate time, D =  10.0  seconds\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.17.2 - page6-27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Error in measurement\n",
+      "f1=1.0 # in Mhz\n",
+      "f2=200.0 #in kHz\n",
+      "per=(200*10**-3)*100 # percentage error that printlay may indicate 4 micro seconds or 6 micro seconds\n",
+      "per1=(1/50.0)*100 #percentage error after 10 times improvement\n",
+      "print \"Display may indicate 4 us or 6 us, percentage error is \", per,\" %\"\n",
+      "print \"Percentage error after 10 times improvement is \", per1,\" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Display may indicate 4 us or 6 us, percentage error is  20.0  %\n",
+        "Percentage error after 10 times improvement is  2.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.17.3 - page6-27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#  Measurement Accuracy\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "f=400.0         #Hz\n",
+      "time_accuracy=10**-8         # seconds\n",
+      "display_accuracy=1         #(+ve or -Ve)\n",
+      "t=10         # seconds\n",
+      "period=1/f*10**3          #ms\n",
+      "Accuracy= 1+((period)/10)         #ms\n",
+      "print \"accuracy is \u00b1\",Accuracy,\" ms\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "accuracy is \u00b1 1.25  ms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter6_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter6_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..82ed6e02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter6_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:3cc9d2c4c0d6a493cdaa2dbc9383ef800411a8ab69ddf373e977319372599f8f"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter6 - Digital Frequency Meter"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.17.1 - page6-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Desired gate time\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "r=0.1         #in Hz\n",
+      "D=1/r         #in seconds\n",
+      "print \"The desired gate time, D = \", D,\" seconds\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The desired gate time, D =  10.0  seconds\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.17.2 - page6-27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Error in measurement\n",
+      "f1=1.0 # in Mhz\n",
+      "f2=200.0 #in kHz\n",
+      "per=(200*10**-3)*100 # percentage error that printlay may indicate 4 micro seconds or 6 micro seconds\n",
+      "per1=(1/50.0)*100 #percentage error after 10 times improvement\n",
+      "print \"Display may indicate 4 us or 6 us, percentage error is \", per,\" %\"\n",
+      "print \"Percentage error after 10 times improvement is \", per1,\" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Display may indicate 4 us or 6 us, percentage error is  20.0  %\n",
+        "Percentage error after 10 times improvement is  2.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.17.3 - page6-27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#  Measurement Accuracy\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "f=400.0         #Hz\n",
+      "time_accuracy=10**-8         # seconds\n",
+      "display_accuracy=1         #(+ve or -Ve)\n",
+      "t=10         # seconds\n",
+      "period=1/f*10**3          #ms\n",
+      "Accuracy= 1+((period)/10)         #ms\n",
+      "print \"accuracy is \u00b1\",Accuracy,\" ms\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "accuracy is \u00b1 1.25  ms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter6_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter6_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d3729e3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter6_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# CHAPTER 6: DIGITAL VOLTMETERS AND FREQUENCY METERS"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "##  Example 6-1, Page Number: 139"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Maximum time t1 for the digital voltmeter is 1.33 ms\n",
+      "Ramp Generator Frequency can be 600 Hz\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "f=1.5*10**6                  #Clock frequency in Hz\n",
+    "N=1999                       #Maximum count\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "clock_time_period=1/f        #Clock time period in s\n",
+    "t1=N*clock_time_period       #Maximum time in s\n",
+    "t2=0.25*t1                   #Select t2=0.25*t1\n",
+    "t=t1+t2                      #in s\n",
+    "fr=1/t                       #in Hz \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"Maximum time t1 for the digital voltmeter is\",round(t1*10**3,2),\"ms\"\n",
+    "print \"Ramp Generator Frequency can be\",int(fr),\"Hz\"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 6-2, Page Number: 149"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "For the analog meter,\n",
+      "Voltage Error=± 0.5 V\n",
+      "Error=± 2.5 %\n",
+      "\n",
+      "For the digital meter,\n",
+      "Voltage Error=± 0.22 V\n",
+      "Error=± 1.1 %\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "V=20                                             #Voltage to be measured in V\n",
+    "analog_range=25                                  #Range of analog meter in V\n",
+    "analog_accuracy=2.0/100                          #Accuracy of analog meter at FSD    \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Analog Instrument:\n",
+    "voltage_error=analog_accuracy*analog_range        #in V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "error=voltage_error*100/V                         #in percentage\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"For the analog meter,\"\n",
+    "print \"Voltage Error=±\",round(voltage_error,1),\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"Error=±\",round(error,1),\"%\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Digital Instrument:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For 20 V displayed on a 3 1/2 digit display\n",
+    "digit=0.1                                         #in V\n",
+    "digital_accuracy=0.6/100                     \n",
+    "voltage_error=digital_accuracy*V+digit            #in V  \n",
+    "error=voltage_error*100/V                         #in percentage \n",
+    "print\n",
+    "print \"For the digital meter,\"\n",
+    "print \"Voltage Error=±\",round(voltage_error,2),\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"Error=±\",round(error,1),\"%\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 6-3, Page Number: 153"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "When 6 decade counters are used,f= 1.512 kHz\n",
+      "When 4 decade counters are used,f= 1.5 kHz\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ft=1.0*10**6                  #Clock generator frequency in Hz\n",
+    "fi=1.512*10**3              #Input frequency in Hz\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "#Using 6 decade counters\n",
+    "d=6                         #No. of decade counters used\n",
+    "f1=ft/10**d                 #Time base frequency in Hz\n",
+    "t1=1/f1                     #Time period in s  \n",
+    "n1=fi*t1                    #No. of cycles counted \n",
+    "f=n1/t1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"When 6 decade counters are used,f=\",round(f/1000,3),\"kHz\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Using 4 decade counters\n",
+    "d=4                         #No.of decade counters used\n",
+    "f2=ft/10**d                 #Time base frequency in Hz\n",
+    "t2=1/f2                     #Time period in s   \n",
+    "n2=fi*t2                    #No. of cycles counted\n",
+    "f=n2/t2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"When 4 decade counters are used,f=\",round(f/1000,1),\"kHz\"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 6-4, Page Number: 154"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "At f=100 Hz,\n",
+      "error=± 1.0 count\n",
+      "%error=± 1.0 %\n",
+      "\n",
+      "At f=1 MHz\n",
+      "error=± 2.0 count\n",
+      "%error=±  2.0e-04 %\n",
+      "\n",
+      "At f=100 MHz,\n",
+      "error=± 101.0 count\n",
+      "%error=± 1.01e-04 %\n",
+      "\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "accuracy=10**-6                                #Accuracy\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At f=100 Hz\n",
+    "\n",
+    "f=100                                          #Frequency in Hz\n",
+    "error=1+f*accuracy                             #in terms of counts\n",
+    "percentage_error=error*100/f                   #in percentage\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"At f=100 Hz,\"\n",
+    "print \"error=±\",round(error),\"count\"\n",
+    "print \"%error=±\",round(percentage_error),\"%\"\n",
+    "print\n",
+    "#At f=1 MHz,\n",
+    "\n",
+    "f=1*10**6                                       #Frequency in Hz\n",
+    "error=1+f*accuracy                              #in terms of counts\n",
+    "percentage_error=error*100/f                    #in percentage\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"At f=1 MHz\"\n",
+    "print \"error=±\",round(error),\"count\"\n",
+    "print \"%error=± \",'%.1e' % percentage_error,\"%\"\n",
+    "print\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#At f=100 MHz\n",
+    "\n",
+    "f=100*10**6                                     #Frequency in Hz \n",
+    "error=1+f*accuracy                              #in terms of counts  \n",
+    "percentage_error=error*100/f                    #in percentage\n",
+    "print \"At f=100 MHz,\"\n",
+    "print \"error=±\",round(error),\"count\"\n",
+    "print \"%error=±\",'%.2e' % percentage_error,\"%\"\n",
+    "print"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter7.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter7.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..de493fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter7.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:ea707a0cc7de0224e885823c97ef777e5b813dde41f39951ee0ed1ad37c83a74"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter7 - Low, High and Precise Resistance Measurements"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.1 - page7-24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "R1=5.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=7.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=10.0  # in kohm\n",
+      "Rx=(R2*R3)/R1 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance, Rx = \", Rx,\" kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance, Rx =  14.0  kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.2 - page7-24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "R1=1.5 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=3.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=5.0  # in kohm\n",
+      "R4=14.0 #in kohm\n",
+      "Rg=250.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "E=10.0 #in V\n",
+      "Vd=(E*R4)/(R2+R4) \n",
+      "Vc=(E*R3)/(R1+R3) \n",
+      "E_th=E*((R4/(R2+R4))-(R3/(R1+R3))) \n",
+      "R_th=((R1*R3)/(R1+R3))+((R2*R4)/(R2+R4)) \n",
+      "Ig=(E_th/((R_th*10**3)+Rg))*10**6 \n",
+      "print \"Current, Ig = \",round(Ig,2),\" micro A\"\n",
+      "# answer is wrong in book\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Current, Ig =  140.15  micro A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.3 - page7-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Deflection\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "s=8 #sensivity in mm/micro A\n",
+      "R1=1.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=5.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=2.0  # in kohm\n",
+      "R4=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+      "Rg=150.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "E=6.0 #in V\n",
+      "r=10.0 # unbalance resistance in ohm\n",
+      "del_r=10.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R4_1=((R4*10**3)+r)*10**-3 \n",
+      "Vd=(E*R4_1)/(R2+R4_1) \n",
+      "Vc=(E*R3)/(R1+R3) \n",
+      "E_th=E*((R4_1/(R2+R4_1))-(R3/(R1+R3))) \n",
+      "R_th=((R1*R3)/(R1+R3))+((R2*R4)/(R2+R4)) \n",
+      "Ig=(E_th/((R_th*10**3)+Rg))*10**6 \n",
+      "d=Ig*s #deflection in mm\n",
+      "print \"Deflection is \",round(d,1), \" mm\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in the textbook\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Deflection is  2.6  mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.4 - page7-28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "R=500.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "Rg=150.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "del_r=10.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "E=6.0 #in V\n",
+      "E_th=(E*del_r)/(4*R) \n",
+      "R_th=R \n",
+      "Ig=(E_th/(R_th+Rg))*10**6 \n",
+      "print \"Current, Ig = \", round(Ig,3), \"micro A\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Current, Ig =  46.154 micro A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.5  page7-29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Supply voltage\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "R=120.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "del_r=1.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "E_th=10*10**-3 #in V\n",
+      "E=(E_th*4*R)/del_r \n",
+      "print \"Supply voltage, E = \", E,\" V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Supply voltage, E =  4.8  V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.6 - page7-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "A=100.24 # in ohm\n",
+      "B=200.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "a=100.31 # in ohm\n",
+      "b=200.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "S=100.03 # in micro ohm\n",
+      "r=700.0 # in micro ohm\n",
+      "X=((A/b)*S)+(((r*b)/(r+a+b))*((A/B)-(a/b))) \n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance, X = \", round(X,2), \"micro ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance, X =  50.09 micro ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.7 - page7-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Deflection\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "R_ab=100.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_bc=500.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_cd=1000.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_da=200.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "V=10.0 \n",
+      "VRg=200. # in ohm\n",
+      "del_CD=10.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_bd=V*((R_ab/(R_ab+R_bc))-(R_da/(R_da+R_cd+del_CD))) \n",
+      "R_bd=(((R_ab*R_bc)/(R_ab+R_bc))+((VRg*(R_cd+del_CD))/(VRg+R_cd+del_CD))) \n",
+      "I_G=(V_bd/(R_bd+VRg)) \n",
+      "s=5 #sensivity in micro A/mm\n",
+      "dg=I_G*10**6*s #deflection in mm\n",
+      "print \"Deflection is \",round(dg,0),\" mm\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in the textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Deflection is  153.0  mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.8 - page7-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#LIMITING VALUE OF RESISTANCE\n",
+      "P=100.0 #OHMS\n",
+      "Q=P \n",
+      "S=230.0 #IN ohm\n",
+      "DP=0.02 #ERROR IN PERCENTAGE\n",
+      "DS=0.01 #IN PERCENTAGE\n",
+      "R=(P/Q)*S #unknown resistance in ohms\n",
+      "dr=(DP+DP+DS) #relative limiting error in unknow resistance in percentage \u00b1\n",
+      "drm=(dr/100)*R #magnitude of error\n",
+      "R1=R+drm #in ohms\n",
+      "R2=R-drm #in ohms\n",
+      "print \"Limiting value of unknow resistance is \", R2, \" ohm to \", R1, \" ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Limiting value of unknow resistance is  229.885  ohm to  230.115  ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.9 - page7-33"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Insulation resistance of cable\n",
+      "t=120.0 #in seconds\n",
+      "v1=300.0 #in volts\n",
+      "v2=100.0 #in volts\n",
+      "c=300.0 #capacitance in pf\n",
+      "r=t/(c)/math.log(v1/v2)#resistance in Mohm\n",
+      "print \"Resistance of cable is \", round(r,3),\" Mohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance of cable is  0.364  Mohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.10 - page7-33"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance \n",
+      "g=2000.0 #in ohms\n",
+      "s=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+      "q1=40.0 #divisions\n",
+      "q2=46.0 #divisions\n",
+      "r=((q1/q2)*((s*10**3)+(g)))-g #in ohms\n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance is \",round(r,2),\" ohm\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in the textbook\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance is  8434.78  ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.11 - page7-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance \n",
+      "t=200.0 # in V\n",
+      "i=0.5 #in A\n",
+      "ra=10.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "x=t/i #in ohm\n",
+      "r=x-ra #in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance is \",r,\" ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance is  390.0  ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.12 - page7-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Ammeter and voltmeter readings\n",
+      "t=200.0 # in V\n",
+      "i=0.5 #in A\n",
+      "ra=10.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "x=t/i #in ohm\n",
+      "r=x-ra #in ohm\n",
+      "sv=10 #sensivity in kohms / V\n",
+      "v=1000 #in V\n",
+      "rv=v*sv *10**-6 # in Mohm\n",
+      "rp=((rv*10**6)*r)/(rv*10**6+r) #in ohm\n",
+      "vr=((t*rp)/(ra+rp)) #voltmeter reading in V\n",
+      "vi=vr/rp #ammeter rading in A\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter reading is \",round(vr,2),\" V\"\n",
+      "print \"Ammeter rading is \",round(vi,5),\" A\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltmeter reading is  194.81  V\n",
+        "Ammeter rading is  0.51899  A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter7_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter7_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..de493fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter7_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:ea707a0cc7de0224e885823c97ef777e5b813dde41f39951ee0ed1ad37c83a74"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter7 - Low, High and Precise Resistance Measurements"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.1 - page7-24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "R1=5.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=7.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=10.0  # in kohm\n",
+      "Rx=(R2*R3)/R1 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance, Rx = \", Rx,\" kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance, Rx =  14.0  kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.2 - page7-24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "R1=1.5 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=3.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=5.0  # in kohm\n",
+      "R4=14.0 #in kohm\n",
+      "Rg=250.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "E=10.0 #in V\n",
+      "Vd=(E*R4)/(R2+R4) \n",
+      "Vc=(E*R3)/(R1+R3) \n",
+      "E_th=E*((R4/(R2+R4))-(R3/(R1+R3))) \n",
+      "R_th=((R1*R3)/(R1+R3))+((R2*R4)/(R2+R4)) \n",
+      "Ig=(E_th/((R_th*10**3)+Rg))*10**6 \n",
+      "print \"Current, Ig = \",round(Ig,2),\" micro A\"\n",
+      "# answer is wrong in book\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Current, Ig =  140.15  micro A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.3 - page7-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Deflection\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "s=8 #sensivity in mm/micro A\n",
+      "R1=1.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=5.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=2.0  # in kohm\n",
+      "R4=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+      "Rg=150.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "E=6.0 #in V\n",
+      "r=10.0 # unbalance resistance in ohm\n",
+      "del_r=10.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R4_1=((R4*10**3)+r)*10**-3 \n",
+      "Vd=(E*R4_1)/(R2+R4_1) \n",
+      "Vc=(E*R3)/(R1+R3) \n",
+      "E_th=E*((R4_1/(R2+R4_1))-(R3/(R1+R3))) \n",
+      "R_th=((R1*R3)/(R1+R3))+((R2*R4)/(R2+R4)) \n",
+      "Ig=(E_th/((R_th*10**3)+Rg))*10**6 \n",
+      "d=Ig*s #deflection in mm\n",
+      "print \"Deflection is \",round(d,1), \" mm\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in the textbook\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Deflection is  2.6  mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.4 - page7-28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "R=500.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "Rg=150.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "del_r=10.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "E=6.0 #in V\n",
+      "E_th=(E*del_r)/(4*R) \n",
+      "R_th=R \n",
+      "Ig=(E_th/(R_th+Rg))*10**6 \n",
+      "print \"Current, Ig = \", round(Ig,3), \"micro A\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Current, Ig =  46.154 micro A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.5  page7-29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Supply voltage\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "R=120.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "del_r=1.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "E_th=10*10**-3 #in V\n",
+      "E=(E_th*4*R)/del_r \n",
+      "print \"Supply voltage, E = \", E,\" V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Supply voltage, E =  4.8  V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.6 - page7-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "A=100.24 # in ohm\n",
+      "B=200.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "a=100.31 # in ohm\n",
+      "b=200.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "S=100.03 # in micro ohm\n",
+      "r=700.0 # in micro ohm\n",
+      "X=((A/b)*S)+(((r*b)/(r+a+b))*((A/B)-(a/b))) \n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance, X = \", round(X,2), \"micro ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance, X =  50.09 micro ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.7 - page7-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Deflection\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "R_ab=100.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_bc=500.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_cd=1000.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_da=200.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "V=10.0 \n",
+      "VRg=200. # in ohm\n",
+      "del_CD=10.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_bd=V*((R_ab/(R_ab+R_bc))-(R_da/(R_da+R_cd+del_CD))) \n",
+      "R_bd=(((R_ab*R_bc)/(R_ab+R_bc))+((VRg*(R_cd+del_CD))/(VRg+R_cd+del_CD))) \n",
+      "I_G=(V_bd/(R_bd+VRg)) \n",
+      "s=5 #sensivity in micro A/mm\n",
+      "dg=I_G*10**6*s #deflection in mm\n",
+      "print \"Deflection is \",round(dg,0),\" mm\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in the textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Deflection is  153.0  mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.8 - page7-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#LIMITING VALUE OF RESISTANCE\n",
+      "P=100.0 #OHMS\n",
+      "Q=P \n",
+      "S=230.0 #IN ohm\n",
+      "DP=0.02 #ERROR IN PERCENTAGE\n",
+      "DS=0.01 #IN PERCENTAGE\n",
+      "R=(P/Q)*S #unknown resistance in ohms\n",
+      "dr=(DP+DP+DS) #relative limiting error in unknow resistance in percentage \u00b1\n",
+      "drm=(dr/100)*R #magnitude of error\n",
+      "R1=R+drm #in ohms\n",
+      "R2=R-drm #in ohms\n",
+      "print \"Limiting value of unknow resistance is \", R2, \" ohm to \", R1, \" ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Limiting value of unknow resistance is  229.885  ohm to  230.115  ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.9 - page7-33"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Insulation resistance of cable\n",
+      "t=120.0 #in seconds\n",
+      "v1=300.0 #in volts\n",
+      "v2=100.0 #in volts\n",
+      "c=300.0 #capacitance in pf\n",
+      "r=t/(c)/math.log(v1/v2)#resistance in Mohm\n",
+      "print \"Resistance of cable is \", round(r,3),\" Mohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance of cable is  0.364  Mohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.10 - page7-33"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance \n",
+      "g=2000.0 #in ohms\n",
+      "s=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+      "q1=40.0 #divisions\n",
+      "q2=46.0 #divisions\n",
+      "r=((q1/q2)*((s*10**3)+(g)))-g #in ohms\n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance is \",round(r,2),\" ohm\"\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in the textbook\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance is  8434.78  ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.11 - page7-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance \n",
+      "t=200.0 # in V\n",
+      "i=0.5 #in A\n",
+      "ra=10.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "x=t/i #in ohm\n",
+      "r=x-ra #in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance is \",r,\" ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance is  390.0  ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5.12 - page7-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Ammeter and voltmeter readings\n",
+      "t=200.0 # in V\n",
+      "i=0.5 #in A\n",
+      "ra=10.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "x=t/i #in ohm\n",
+      "r=x-ra #in ohm\n",
+      "sv=10 #sensivity in kohms / V\n",
+      "v=1000 #in V\n",
+      "rv=v*sv *10**-6 # in Mohm\n",
+      "rp=((rv*10**6)*r)/(rv*10**6+r) #in ohm\n",
+      "vr=((t*rp)/(ra+rp)) #voltmeter reading in V\n",
+      "vi=vr/rp #ammeter rading in A\n",
+      "print \"Voltmeter reading is \",round(vr,2),\" V\"\n",
+      "print \"Ammeter rading is \",round(vi,5),\" A\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltmeter reading is  194.81  V\n",
+        "Ammeter rading is  0.51899  A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter7_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter7_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..9b14cc8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter7_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# CHAPTER 7: LOW, HIGH AND PRECISE RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 7-1, Page Number: 165"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "R= 990 ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "I=0.5         #in A\n",
+    "E1=500        #E+Ea in V\n",
+    "Ra=10         #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "R1=E1/I       #in ohm\n",
+    "R=R1-Ra       #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"R=\",int(R),\"ohm\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 7-2, Page Number: 166"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Voltmeter Reading= 495.0 V\n",
+      "Ammeter Reading= 0.5 A\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "sensitivity=10**3                             #in ohm/V\n",
+    "V=1000.0                                      #in V \n",
+    "R=990.0                                       #in ohm\n",
+    "Ra=10.0                                       #in ohm\n",
+    "supply_voltage=500                            #in V \n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "Rv=V*sensitivity                              #in ohm\n",
+    "R1=Rv*R/(Rv+R)                                #in ohm \n",
+    "voltmeter_reading=supply_voltage*R1/(Ra+R1)   #in volt  \n",
+    "ammeter_reading=supply_voltage/R1             #in A\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"Voltmeter Reading=\",round(voltmeter_reading,1),\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"Ammeter Reading=\",round(ammeter_reading,1),\"A\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 7-3, Page Number: 166"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "For V=495 V,I=0.5 A, R= 990.0 ohm\n",
+      "For V=500 V,I=0.5 A, R= 1000.0 ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For figure 7-1(a)\n",
+    "voltmeter_reading=495                 #in V\n",
+    "ammeter_reading=0.5                   #in A\n",
+    "R=voltmeter_reading/ammeter_reading   #in ohm\n",
+    "print \"For V=495 V,I=0.5 A, R=\",R,\"ohm\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For figure 7-1(b)\n",
+    "voltmeter_reading=500                 #in V\n",
+    "ammeter_reading=0.5                   #in A\n",
+    "R=voltmeter_reading/ammeter_reading   #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"For V=500 V,I=0.5 A, R=\",R,\"ohm\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 7-4, Page Number: 169"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "R= 2.755 kilo ohm\n",
+      "Measurement Range is 500.0 ohm to  4.0 kilo ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Bridge Resistances\n",
+    "P=3.5*10**3             #in ohm\n",
+    "Q=7*10**3               #in ohm\n",
+    "S=5.51*10**3            #in ohm \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "\n",
+    "R=S*P/Q                  #Equation for unknown resistance in a balanced bridge(ohm)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When S=1 kilo ohm\n",
+    "S=1*10**3                #in ohm\n",
+    "R1=S*P/Q                 #in ohm  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When S=8 kilo ohm\n",
+    "S=8*10**3                #in ohm \n",
+    "R2=S*P/Q                 #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"R=\",round(R/1000,3),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"Measurement Range is\",round(R1),\"ohm to \",round(R2/1000),\"kilo ohm\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 7-5, Page Number: 169"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 19,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      " Error in R=± 0.2 %\n",
+      "R= 2.755 kilo ohm ± 0.2 %\n",
+      "R= 2.755 kilo ohm ± 5.5 %\n",
+      "R= 2.7495 kilo ohm to  2.7605 kilo ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "#Bridge Resistances\n",
+    "P=3.5*10**3             #in ohm\n",
+    "Q=7*10**3               #in ohm\n",
+    "S=5.51*10**3            #in ohm \n",
+    "R=2.755*10**3           #in ohm \n",
+    "p_accuracy=0.05         #in percentage \n",
+    "q_accuracy=0.05         #in percentage\n",
+    "s_accuracy=0.1          #in percentage \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "error_r=p_accuracy+q_accuracy+s_accuracy     #in percentage\n",
+    "Rmax=R+R*error_r/100.0                       #in ohm\n",
+    "Rmin=R-R*error_r/100.0                       #in ohm  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Error in R=±\",round(error_r,1),\"%\"\n",
+    "print \"R=\",round(R/1000,3),\"kilo ohm ±\",round(error_r,1),\"%\"\n",
+    "print \"R=\",round(R/1000,3),\"kilo ohm ±\",round(R*error_r/100.0,1),\"%\"\n",
+    "print \"R=\",round(Rmin/1000,4),\"kilo ohm to \",round(Rmax/1000,4),\"kilo ohm\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 7-6, Page Number: 172"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 58,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Minimum Change in R is 5.9 ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "P=3.5*10**3                  #in ohm\n",
+    "Q=7*10**3                    #in ohm\n",
+    "S=4*10**3                    #in ohm\n",
+    "R=2*10**3                    #in ohm\n",
+    "Eb=10\n",
+    "Ig=10**-6                    #in A/mm\n",
+    "Rg=2.5*10**3                  #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "r=P*R/(P+R)+Q*S/(Q+S)        #R=P||R+Q||S in ohm\n",
+    "dV=Ig*(r+Rg)                 # Smallest voltage change in V  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vr=Eb*R/(P+R)                #Voltage across R(Voltage Divider Rule), in V \n",
+    "V=Vr+dV                      #in V   \n",
+    "Vp=Eb-V                      #KVL                  \n",
+    "Ip=Vp/P                      #Ohm's Law\n",
+    "Ir=Ip                \n",
+    "dR=round(V,5)/round(Ir,6)-R  #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Minimum Change in R is\",round(dR,1),\"ohm\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 7-7, Page Number: 176"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 59,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "R/P=S/Q=  10 / 15\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "S=0.10       #in ohm\n",
+    "Q=0.15       #in ohm(Approximately equal to 0.15)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"R/P=S/Q= \",int(S*100),\"/\",int(Q*100)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 7-8, Page Number: 180"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 51,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Volume resistance= 6.7e+09 ohm\n",
+      "Surface resistance= 2.9e+09 ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "E=10000                     #in Volt\n",
+    "Iv=1.5*10**-6               #in A\n",
+    "rv=E/Iv                     #Volume resistance in ohm \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Surface leakage Resistance\n",
+    "\n",
+    "It=5*10**-6                 #in A\n",
+    "Is=It-Iv                    #KCL \n",
+    "rs=E/Is                     #Surface Resistance in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"Volume resistance=\",'%.1e' %rv,\"ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"Surface resistance=\",'%.1e' %rs,\"ohm\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter8.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter8.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..6f6a09d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter8.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,637 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:6fa810433d8fb0d04740abb66d2625b01a8af010ca4183a75eead5496aab3b33"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter8 - Inductance and Capacitance Measurements"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.5.1 - page : 8-22"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Percentage error \n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "r=10 #in ohm\n",
+      "f=1 #in  MHz\n",
+      "c=65 #capacitance in pF\n",
+      "rsh=0.02 #in ohm\n",
+      "qact=((1/(2*math.pi*f*10**6*c*10**-12*r))) #actual q factor\n",
+      "qm=(1/(2*math.pi*c*10**-12*f*10**6*(r+rsh))) #measured q factor\n",
+      "per=((qact-qm)/qact)*100 #percentage error \n",
+      "print \"Percentage error is\",round(per,1),\" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Percentage error is 0.2  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.5.2 - page : 8-23"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Self capacitance and inductance\n",
+      "f1=2 #in MHz\n",
+      "c1=460 #in pF\n",
+      "f2=4 #in MHz\n",
+      "c2=100 #in pF\n",
+      "cd1=((c1-(4*c2))/3) #self capacitance in pF\n",
+      "x=((1/(2*math.pi*f1*10**6)))**2 \n",
+      "l=x/((c1+cd1)*10**-12) # in H\n",
+      "l*=10**6  # in micro H\n",
+      "print \"Self capacitance is \",cd1,\" pF\"\n",
+      "print \"Inductance is \",round(l,2),\" micro H\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Self capacitance is  20  pF\n",
+        "Inductance is  13.19  micro H\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.1 - page : 8-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Lx and Rx\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "R1=560 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=6.3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=120  # in kohm\n",
+      "Ci=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "Sensitivity=10 # in mm/micro A\n",
+      "del_r=1 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rx=(R2*R3)/R1 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance, Rx = \",Rx,\" kohm\"\n",
+      "Lx=R2*10**3*R3*10**3*Ci*10**-6 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown inductance, Lx = \",Lx,\" H\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance, Rx =  1.35  kohm\n",
+        "Unknown inductance, Lx =  7.56  H\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.2 - page : 8-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Cx,Rx and D\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "f=1000 #in Hz\n",
+      "R1=1.1 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=2.2 # in kohm\n",
+      "C1=0.47 # in micro F\n",
+      "C3=0.5 # in micro F\n",
+      "Rx=(R2*C1)/C3 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance, Rx = \", Rx,\" kohm\"\n",
+      "Cx=(R1*C3)/R2 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown capacitance, Cx = \", Cx, \" micro F\"\n",
+      "w=2*f*math.pi \n",
+      "D=w*Cx*10**-6*Rx*10**3 \n",
+      "print \"Dissipation factor, D = \", round(D,2)\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in the textbook\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance, Rx =  2.068  kohm\n",
+        "Unknown capacitance, Cx =  0.25  micro F\n",
+        "Dissipation factor, D =  3.25\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.3 - page : 8-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Unknown resistance and capacitance\n",
+      "r1=10 #in kohms\n",
+      "r2=50 #in kohms\n",
+      "r3=100 #in kohms\n",
+      "c3=100 #in micro F\n",
+      "rx=((r2*10**3*r3*10**3)/(r1*10**3))*10**-3 #unknown resistance in kohms\n",
+      "cx=((r1*10**3*c3*10**-6)/(r2*10**3))*10**6 # unknown capacitance in micro F\n",
+      "print \"unknown resistance is \",rx,\" kohm\"\n",
+      "print \"Unknown capacitance is \",cx,\" micro F\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "unknown resistance is  500.0  kohm\n",
+        "Unknown capacitance is  20.0  micro F\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.4 - page : 8-27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Lx and Rx\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "R1=600 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2=1000 # in ohm\n",
+      "R3=100 # in ohm\n",
+      "C1=1 # in micro F\n",
+      "Rx=(R2*R3)/R1 \n",
+      "print \"resistance, Rx = \",Rx,\" ohm\"\n",
+      "Lx=C1*10**-6*R2*R3 \n",
+      "print \"Inductance, Lx = \",Lx, \" H\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "resistance, Rx =  166  ohm\n",
+        "Inductance, Lx =  0.1  H\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.5 - page : 8-28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#L3 and R3\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "R1=10 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=2 # in kohm\n",
+      "R4=1 # in kohm\n",
+      "C2=1*10**-6 # in micro F\n",
+      "w=3000 # in rad/sec\n",
+      "L3=(R1*10**3*R4*10**3*C2)/(1+((R2*10**3)**2*(C2**2)*w**2))\n",
+      "R3=R2*10**3*L3*C2*w**2 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance is \",round(R3,0),\" ohm\"\n",
+      "print \"Inductance is \",round(L3,2),\" H\"\n",
+      "#resistance is calculated wrong in the textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance is  4865.0  ohm\n",
+        "Inductance is  0.27  H\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.6 - page : 8-28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Cx,Rx and D\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "f=1000 #in Hz\n",
+      "R2=20000 # in ohm\n",
+      "R3=1.2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C3=300*10**-12 # in F\n",
+      "C4=0.05*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "Rx=(R2*C3)/C4 # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance, Rx = \",Rx, \" ohm\"\n",
+      "Cx=((R3*C4)/R2)*10**6 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown capacitance, Cx = \",Cx,\" micro F\"\n",
+      "w=2*f*math.pi \n",
+      "D=w*Cx*10**-6*Rx\n",
+      "print \"Dissipation factor, D = %.2E\" %D"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance, Rx =  120.0  ohm\n",
+        "Unknown capacitance, Cx =  0.003  micro F\n",
+        "Dissipation factor, D = 2.26E-03\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.7 - page : 8-29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Resistance and capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "C2=106*10**-12 # in F\n",
+      "C4=0.6*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R4=1000/math.pi # in ohm\n",
+      "R3=250 # in ohm\n",
+      "R1=(C4/C2)*R3\n",
+      "print \" Resistance, R1 = %.2E\" %R1,\" ohm\"\n",
+      "C1=(R4/R3)*C2*10**6 \n",
+      "print \"Capacitance, C1 = \",round(C1*10**6),\" micro F\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Resistance, R1 = 1.42E+06  ohm\n",
+        "Capacitance, C1 =  135.0  micro F\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.8 - page : 8-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Resistance and capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "R1=3.1 # in kohm\n",
+      "C1=5.2 #in micro F\n",
+      "R2=25 #in kohm\n",
+      "R4=100 #in kohm\n",
+      "f=2.5*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*f*10**-3 \n",
+      "R3=(R4/R2)*(R1+(1/(w**2*R1*C1**2))) \n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R3 = \",round(R3,1),\" kohm\"\n",
+      "C3=((R4/R2)-(R1/R3))*C1 \n",
+      "print \"Capacitance, C3 = \",round(C3,1), \"pF\"\n",
+      "# answer is wrong in book"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance, R3 =  12.4  kohm\n",
+        "Capacitance, C3 =  19.5 pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.9 - page : 8-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Inductance and capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "F1=1.5 #in MHz\n",
+      "C1=650 #in pF\n",
+      "F2=3 #in MHz\n",
+      "C2=150 #in pF\n",
+      "Cd=(C1-(4*C2))/3 \n",
+      "print \"Capacitance, Cd = \",Cd, \"pF\"\n",
+      "L=(1/(4*math.pi**2*F1**2*((C1*10**-12)+(C2*10**-12))))*10**-6 \n",
+      "print \"Inductance, L = \",round(L,2),\" micro H\"\n",
+      "# Answer wrong in the textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Capacitance, Cd =  16 pF\n",
+        "Inductance, L =  14.07  micro H\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.10 - page : 8-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Q\n",
+      "#given data \n",
+      "rsh=0.02 \n",
+      "r=10 # in ohm\n",
+      "f=1 #in MHz\n",
+      "c=65 #in pF\n",
+      "L=(1/((2*math.pi*f*10**6)**2*c*10**-12))*10**3 \n",
+      "qact=((1/(2*math.pi*f*10**6*c*10**-12*r))) #actual q factor\n",
+      "qm=(1/(2*math.pi*c*10**-12*f*10**6*(r+rsh))) #measured q factor\n",
+      "per=((qact-qm)/qact)*100 #percentage error \n",
+      "print \"Percentage error is \",round(per,3), \" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Percentage error is  0.2  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 40
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.11 - page : 8-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "F1=3 #in MHz\n",
+      "C1=400 #in pico-farad\n",
+      "F2=6 #in MHz\n",
+      "C2=120 #in pico-farad\n",
+      "Cd=(4*C2-C1)/3 \n",
+      "print \"Self capacitance, Cd = \",Cd, \" pF\"\n",
+      "# Answer wrong in the textbook."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Self capacitance, Cd =  26  pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 45
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.12 - page : 8-33"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "F1=2.0 #in MHz\n",
+      "C1=450 #in pF\n",
+      "F2=5 #in MHz\n",
+      "C2=60 #in pF\n",
+      "ratio=F2/F1 \n",
+      "#1/sqrt(C2+Cd)=ratio/sqrt(C1+Cd)\n",
+      "Cd=(C1-(ratio**2*C2))/5.25 \n",
+      "print \"Self capacitance, Cd = \",round(Cd,2), \" pF\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Self capacitance, Cd =  14.29  pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 48
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.13 - page : 8-33"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "F1=8 #in MHz\n",
+      "C1=120 #in pF\n",
+      "F2=12 #in MHz\n",
+      "C2=40 #in pF\n",
+      "ratio=F1/F2 \n",
+      "#1/sqrt(C2+Cd)=ratio/sqrt(C1+Cd)\n",
+      "Cd=((4*C1-9*C2)/5) \n",
+      "print \"Self capacitance, Cd = \", Cd,\" pF\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Self capacitance, Cd =  24  pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 49
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Q.5 - page : 8-35"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Lx and Rx\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "r1=28.5 #in ohm\n",
+      "L1=52.6 #in mH\n",
+      "R2=1.68 #in ohm\n",
+      "R3=80 #in ohm\n",
+      "R4=R3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Lx=(R3/R4)*L1 #inductance in mH\n",
+      "Rx=r1*(R3/R4)-R2 #in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance, Rx = \",Rx,\" ohm\"\n",
+      "print \"Unknown inductance, Lx = \", Lx,\" mH\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance, Rx =  26.82  ohm\n",
+        "Unknown inductance, Lx =  52.6  mH\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 50
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter8_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter8_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..6f6a09d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter8_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,637 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:6fa810433d8fb0d04740abb66d2625b01a8af010ca4183a75eead5496aab3b33"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter8 - Inductance and Capacitance Measurements"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.5.1 - page : 8-22"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Percentage error \n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "r=10 #in ohm\n",
+      "f=1 #in  MHz\n",
+      "c=65 #capacitance in pF\n",
+      "rsh=0.02 #in ohm\n",
+      "qact=((1/(2*math.pi*f*10**6*c*10**-12*r))) #actual q factor\n",
+      "qm=(1/(2*math.pi*c*10**-12*f*10**6*(r+rsh))) #measured q factor\n",
+      "per=((qact-qm)/qact)*100 #percentage error \n",
+      "print \"Percentage error is\",round(per,1),\" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Percentage error is 0.2  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.5.2 - page : 8-23"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Self capacitance and inductance\n",
+      "f1=2 #in MHz\n",
+      "c1=460 #in pF\n",
+      "f2=4 #in MHz\n",
+      "c2=100 #in pF\n",
+      "cd1=((c1-(4*c2))/3) #self capacitance in pF\n",
+      "x=((1/(2*math.pi*f1*10**6)))**2 \n",
+      "l=x/((c1+cd1)*10**-12) # in H\n",
+      "l*=10**6  # in micro H\n",
+      "print \"Self capacitance is \",cd1,\" pF\"\n",
+      "print \"Inductance is \",round(l,2),\" micro H\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Self capacitance is  20  pF\n",
+        "Inductance is  13.19  micro H\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.1 - page : 8-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Lx and Rx\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "R1=560 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=6.3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=120  # in kohm\n",
+      "Ci=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "Sensitivity=10 # in mm/micro A\n",
+      "del_r=1 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rx=(R2*R3)/R1 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance, Rx = \",Rx,\" kohm\"\n",
+      "Lx=R2*10**3*R3*10**3*Ci*10**-6 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown inductance, Lx = \",Lx,\" H\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance, Rx =  1.35  kohm\n",
+        "Unknown inductance, Lx =  7.56  H\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.2 - page : 8-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Cx,Rx and D\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "f=1000 #in Hz\n",
+      "R1=1.1 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=2.2 # in kohm\n",
+      "C1=0.47 # in micro F\n",
+      "C3=0.5 # in micro F\n",
+      "Rx=(R2*C1)/C3 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance, Rx = \", Rx,\" kohm\"\n",
+      "Cx=(R1*C3)/R2 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown capacitance, Cx = \", Cx, \" micro F\"\n",
+      "w=2*f*math.pi \n",
+      "D=w*Cx*10**-6*Rx*10**3 \n",
+      "print \"Dissipation factor, D = \", round(D,2)\n",
+      "#answer is wrong in the textbook\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance, Rx =  2.068  kohm\n",
+        "Unknown capacitance, Cx =  0.25  micro F\n",
+        "Dissipation factor, D =  3.25\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.3 - page : 8-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Unknown resistance and capacitance\n",
+      "r1=10 #in kohms\n",
+      "r2=50 #in kohms\n",
+      "r3=100 #in kohms\n",
+      "c3=100 #in micro F\n",
+      "rx=((r2*10**3*r3*10**3)/(r1*10**3))*10**-3 #unknown resistance in kohms\n",
+      "cx=((r1*10**3*c3*10**-6)/(r2*10**3))*10**6 # unknown capacitance in micro F\n",
+      "print \"unknown resistance is \",rx,\" kohm\"\n",
+      "print \"Unknown capacitance is \",cx,\" micro F\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "unknown resistance is  500.0  kohm\n",
+        "Unknown capacitance is  20.0  micro F\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.4 - page : 8-27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Lx and Rx\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "R1=600 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2=1000 # in ohm\n",
+      "R3=100 # in ohm\n",
+      "C1=1 # in micro F\n",
+      "Rx=(R2*R3)/R1 \n",
+      "print \"resistance, Rx = \",Rx,\" ohm\"\n",
+      "Lx=C1*10**-6*R2*R3 \n",
+      "print \"Inductance, Lx = \",Lx, \" H\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "resistance, Rx =  166  ohm\n",
+        "Inductance, Lx =  0.1  H\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.5 - page : 8-28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#L3 and R3\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "R1=10 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=2 # in kohm\n",
+      "R4=1 # in kohm\n",
+      "C2=1*10**-6 # in micro F\n",
+      "w=3000 # in rad/sec\n",
+      "L3=(R1*10**3*R4*10**3*C2)/(1+((R2*10**3)**2*(C2**2)*w**2))\n",
+      "R3=R2*10**3*L3*C2*w**2 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance is \",round(R3,0),\" ohm\"\n",
+      "print \"Inductance is \",round(L3,2),\" H\"\n",
+      "#resistance is calculated wrong in the textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance is  4865.0  ohm\n",
+        "Inductance is  0.27  H\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.6 - page : 8-28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Cx,Rx and D\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "f=1000 #in Hz\n",
+      "R2=20000 # in ohm\n",
+      "R3=1.2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C3=300*10**-12 # in F\n",
+      "C4=0.05*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "Rx=(R2*C3)/C4 # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance, Rx = \",Rx, \" ohm\"\n",
+      "Cx=((R3*C4)/R2)*10**6 \n",
+      "print \"Unknown capacitance, Cx = \",Cx,\" micro F\"\n",
+      "w=2*f*math.pi \n",
+      "D=w*Cx*10**-6*Rx\n",
+      "print \"Dissipation factor, D = %.2E\" %D"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance, Rx =  120.0  ohm\n",
+        "Unknown capacitance, Cx =  0.003  micro F\n",
+        "Dissipation factor, D = 2.26E-03\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.7 - page : 8-29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Resistance and capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "C2=106*10**-12 # in F\n",
+      "C4=0.6*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R4=1000/math.pi # in ohm\n",
+      "R3=250 # in ohm\n",
+      "R1=(C4/C2)*R3\n",
+      "print \" Resistance, R1 = %.2E\" %R1,\" ohm\"\n",
+      "C1=(R4/R3)*C2*10**6 \n",
+      "print \"Capacitance, C1 = \",round(C1*10**6),\" micro F\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Resistance, R1 = 1.42E+06  ohm\n",
+        "Capacitance, C1 =  135.0  micro F\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.8 - page : 8-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Resistance and capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "R1=3.1 # in kohm\n",
+      "C1=5.2 #in micro F\n",
+      "R2=25 #in kohm\n",
+      "R4=100 #in kohm\n",
+      "f=2.5*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*f*10**-3 \n",
+      "R3=(R4/R2)*(R1+(1/(w**2*R1*C1**2))) \n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R3 = \",round(R3,1),\" kohm\"\n",
+      "C3=((R4/R2)-(R1/R3))*C1 \n",
+      "print \"Capacitance, C3 = \",round(C3,1), \"pF\"\n",
+      "# answer is wrong in book"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance, R3 =  12.4  kohm\n",
+        "Capacitance, C3 =  19.5 pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.9 - page : 8-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Inductance and capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "F1=1.5 #in MHz\n",
+      "C1=650 #in pF\n",
+      "F2=3 #in MHz\n",
+      "C2=150 #in pF\n",
+      "Cd=(C1-(4*C2))/3 \n",
+      "print \"Capacitance, Cd = \",Cd, \"pF\"\n",
+      "L=(1/(4*math.pi**2*F1**2*((C1*10**-12)+(C2*10**-12))))*10**-6 \n",
+      "print \"Inductance, L = \",round(L,2),\" micro H\"\n",
+      "# Answer wrong in the textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Capacitance, Cd =  16 pF\n",
+        "Inductance, L =  14.07  micro H\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.10 - page : 8-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Q\n",
+      "#given data \n",
+      "rsh=0.02 \n",
+      "r=10 # in ohm\n",
+      "f=1 #in MHz\n",
+      "c=65 #in pF\n",
+      "L=(1/((2*math.pi*f*10**6)**2*c*10**-12))*10**3 \n",
+      "qact=((1/(2*math.pi*f*10**6*c*10**-12*r))) #actual q factor\n",
+      "qm=(1/(2*math.pi*c*10**-12*f*10**6*(r+rsh))) #measured q factor\n",
+      "per=((qact-qm)/qact)*100 #percentage error \n",
+      "print \"Percentage error is \",round(per,3), \" %\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Percentage error is  0.2  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 40
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.11 - page : 8-32"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "F1=3 #in MHz\n",
+      "C1=400 #in pico-farad\n",
+      "F2=6 #in MHz\n",
+      "C2=120 #in pico-farad\n",
+      "Cd=(4*C2-C1)/3 \n",
+      "print \"Self capacitance, Cd = \",Cd, \" pF\"\n",
+      "# Answer wrong in the textbook."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Self capacitance, Cd =  26  pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 45
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.12 - page : 8-33"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "F1=2.0 #in MHz\n",
+      "C1=450 #in pF\n",
+      "F2=5 #in MHz\n",
+      "C2=60 #in pF\n",
+      "ratio=F2/F1 \n",
+      "#1/sqrt(C2+Cd)=ratio/sqrt(C1+Cd)\n",
+      "Cd=(C1-(ratio**2*C2))/5.25 \n",
+      "print \"Self capacitance, Cd = \",round(Cd,2), \" pF\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Self capacitance, Cd =  14.29  pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 48
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6.13 - page : 8-33"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "F1=8 #in MHz\n",
+      "C1=120 #in pF\n",
+      "F2=12 #in MHz\n",
+      "C2=40 #in pF\n",
+      "ratio=F1/F2 \n",
+      "#1/sqrt(C2+Cd)=ratio/sqrt(C1+Cd)\n",
+      "Cd=((4*C1-9*C2)/5) \n",
+      "print \"Self capacitance, Cd = \", Cd,\" pF\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Self capacitance, Cd =  24  pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 49
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Q.5 - page : 8-35"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Lx and Rx\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "r1=28.5 #in ohm\n",
+      "L1=52.6 #in mH\n",
+      "R2=1.68 #in ohm\n",
+      "R3=80 #in ohm\n",
+      "R4=R3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Lx=(R3/R4)*L1 #inductance in mH\n",
+      "Rx=r1*(R3/R4)-R2 #in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Unknown resistance, Rx = \",Rx,\" ohm\"\n",
+      "print \"Unknown inductance, Lx = \", Lx,\" mH\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown resistance, Rx =  26.82  ohm\n",
+        "Unknown inductance, Lx =  52.6  mH\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 50
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter8_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter8_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..77ecc1b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter8_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,611 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# CHAPTER 8: INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITANCE MEASUREMENTS"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 8-1, Page Number: 194"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 20,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Since the measured terminal resistance is 134 kilo ohm, the circuit must consist of a\n",
+      "0.005 micro farad capacitor connected in parallel with a 134 kilo ohm resistor\n",
+      "For a series connected circuit, the terminal resistance will be much higher than 134 kilo ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "C=0.005*10**-6                     #in farad\n",
+    "Rs=8*10**3                         #in ohm\n",
+    "f=1*10**3                          #in Hz\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Xs=1/(2*math.pi*f*C)               #Capacitvie Reactance  in ohm\n",
+    "Rp=(Rs**2+Xs**2)/Rs                #in ohm\n",
+    "Xp=(Rs**2+Xs**2)/Xs                #in ohm\n",
+    "Cp=1/(2*math.pi*f*Xp)              #in farad\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Since the measured terminal resistance is 134 kilo ohm, the circuit must consist of a\"\n",
+    "print round(Cp*10**6,3),\"micro farad capacitor connected in parallel with a\",int(Rp/1000),\"kilo ohm resistor\"\n",
+    "print \"For a series connected circuit, the terminal resistance will be much higher than 134 kilo ohm\"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 8-2, Page Number: 199"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "For R3/R4=100:1, Cx= 10.0 micro farad\n",
+      "For R3/R4=1:100, Cx= 0.001 micro farad\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "C1=0.1*10**-6                   #in farad\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For R3:R4=100:1\n",
+    "ratio=100.0/1   \n",
+    "Cx=C1*ratio                     #in farad  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"For R3/R4=100:1, Cx=\",round(Cx*10**6),\"micro farad\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For R3:R4=1/100\n",
+    "ratio=1.0/100.0\n",
+    "Cx=C1*ratio                     #in farad \n",
+    "print \"For R3/R4=1:100, Cx=\",round(Cx*10**6,3),\"micro farad\"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 8-3, Page Number: 202"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Cs= 0.272 micro farad\n",
+      "Rs= 183.8 ohm\n",
+      "Disspiation factor(D)= 0.031\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "R3=10*10**3               #in ohm\n",
+    "f=100                     #in Hz\n",
+    "R1=125                    #in ohm\n",
+    "R4=14.7*10**3             #in ohm \n",
+    "C1=0.4*10**-6             #in farad  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations \n",
+    "Cs=C1*R3/R4               #in farad\n",
+    "Rs=R1*R4/R3               #in ohm\n",
+    "D=2*math.pi*f*Cs*Rs       #Dissipation factor  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"Cs=\",round(Cs*10**6,3),\"micro farad\"\n",
+    "print \"Rs=\",round(Rs,1),\"ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"Disspiation factor(D)=\",round(D,3)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#****************************Note**********************************************\n",
+    "# The value for C1 as per the problem statement is 0.4 micro farad\n",
+    "#But while calculating,  0.1 micro farad value has been considered  in text book\n",
+    "#C1 is taken to be 0.4 microfarad\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 8-4, Page Number: 204"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 28,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Cp= 0.068 micro farad\n",
+      "Rp= 551.3 kilo ohm\n",
+      "Dissipation Factor(D)= 4.24e-02\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "C1=0.1*10**-6                     #in farad\n",
+    "R3=10*10**3                       #in ohm\n",
+    "R1=375*10**3                      #in ohm  \n",
+    "R4=14.7*10**3                     #in ohm\n",
+    "f=100                             #in farad\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "Cp=C1*R3/R4                       #in farad \n",
+    "Rp=R1*R4/R3                       #in resistance\n",
+    "D=1/(2*math.pi*f*Cp*Rp)           #Dissipation factor  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"Cp=\",round(Cp*10**6,3),\"micro farad\"\n",
+    "print \"Rp=\",round(Rp/1000,1),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"Dissipation Factor(D)=\",'%.2e' % D"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 8-5, Page Number: 204"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 36,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Rp= 2.98 mega ohm\n",
+      "Cp= 0.068 micro farad\n",
+      "R4= 14.7 kilo ohm\n",
+      "R1= 2.03 mega ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "#From Example 8-3,\n",
+    "Cs=0.068*10**-6              #in farad\n",
+    "Rs=183.8                     #in ohm\n",
+    "f=100                        #in Hz \n",
+    "R3=10*10**3                  #in ohm\n",
+    "R1=10*10**3                  #in ohm  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "Xs=1/(2*math.pi*f*Cs)        #in ohm\n",
+    "Rp=(Rs**2+Xs**2)/Rs          #in ohm  \n",
+    "Xp=(Rs**2+Xs**2)/Xs          #in ohm\n",
+    "Cp=1/(2*math.pi*f*Xp)        #in farad  \n",
+    "R4=C1*R3/Cp                  #in ohm \n",
+    "R1=R3*Rp/R4                  #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Rp=\",round(Rp*10**-6,2),\"mega ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"Cp=\",round(Cp*10**6,3),\"micro farad\"\n",
+    "print \"R4=\",round(R4/1000,1),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"R1=\",round(R1*10**-6,2),\"mega ohm\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 8-6, Page Number: 207"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 39,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "R3= 1.0 kilo ohm\n",
+      "R1= 54.0 ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "L1=100*10**-3                   #in henry\n",
+    "R4=5*10**3                      #in ohm\n",
+    "Ls=500*10**-3                   #in henry\n",
+    "Rs=270                          #in ohm \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "R3=R4*L1/Ls                     #in ohm  \n",
+    "R1=Rs*R3/R4                     #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"R3=\",R3/1000,\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"R1=\",R1,\"ohm\"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 8-7, Page Number: 209"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 41,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Ls= 63.0 mH\n",
+      "Rs= 1.34 kilo ohm\n",
+      "Q factor(Q)= 0.03\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "C3=0.1*10**-6                  #in farad\n",
+    "R1=1.26*10**3                  #in ohm\n",
+    "R3=470                         #in ohm\n",
+    "R4=500                         #in ohm\n",
+    "f=100                          #in Hz\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "Ls=C3*R1*R4                    #in henry \n",
+    "Rs=R1*R4/R3                    #in ohm \n",
+    "Q=(2*math.pi*f*Ls)/Rs\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Ls=\",round(Ls*1000),\"mH\"\n",
+    "print \"Rs=\",round(Rs/1000,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"Q factor(Q)=\",round(Q,2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 8-8, Page Number: 210"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 43,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Lp= 63.0 mH\n",
+      "Rp= 8.4 kilo ohm\n",
+      "Q factor(Q)= 212.0\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "C3=0.1*10**-6               #in farad\n",
+    "R1=1.26*10**3               #in ohm\n",
+    "R3=75                       #in ohm\n",
+    "R4=500                      #in ohm\n",
+    "f=100                       #in Hz\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Lp=C3*R1*R4                 #in henry \n",
+    "Rp=R1*R4/R3                 #in ohm\n",
+    "Q=Rp/(2*math.pi*f*Lp)       #Quality factor \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Lp=\",round(Lp*1000),\"mH\"\n",
+    "print \"Rp=\",round(Rp/1000,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"Q factor(Q)=\",round(Q)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 8-9, Page Number: 211"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 47,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Rs= 0.187 ohm\n",
+      "Ls= 63.0 mH\n",
+      "R1= 1.26 kilo ohm\n",
+      "R3= 3.38 mega ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Lp=63*10**-3                  #in henry\n",
+    "Rp=8.4*10**3                  #in ohm \n",
+    "f=100                         #in Hz\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "Xp=2*math.pi*f*Lp             #in ohm            \n",
+    "Rs=Rp*Xp**2/(Xp**2+Rp**2)     #in ohm\n",
+    "Xs=Xp*Rp**2/(Xp**2+Rp**2)     #in ohm\n",
+    "Ls=Xs/(2*math.pi*f)           #in henry\n",
+    "\n",
+    "R1=Ls/(C3*R4)                 #in ohm  \n",
+    "R3=R1*R4/Rs                   #in ohm \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Rs=\",round(Rs,3),\"ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"Ls=\",round(Ls*10**3),\"mH\"\n",
+    "print \"R1=\",round(R1/1000,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"R3=\",round(R3*10**-6,2),\"mega ohm\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 8-10, Page Number: 214"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 76,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Cx= 200.0 pF\n",
+      "Rx= 30.0 mega ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "R1=369.3*10**3                   #in ohm\n",
+    "R3=10*10**3                      #in ohm    \n",
+    "R4=14.66*10**3                   #in ohm \n",
+    "Rp=553.1*10**3                   #in  ohm\n",
+    "C1=0.1*10**-6                    #in farad \n",
+    "Cp=0.068*10**-6                  #in farad\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calcultions\n",
+    "Ceq=round(C1*R3/R4,10)           #Cx+Cp, Equivalent parallel capacitance, in farad\n",
+    "Cx=Ceq-Cp                        #in farad\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Req=R1*R4/R3                     #Equivalent resitance in  ohm    \n",
+    "\n",
+    "Rx=1/(1/Req-1/Rp)                #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Cx=\",round(Cx*10**12),\"pF\"\n",
+    "print \"Rx=\",round(Rx*10**-8,1)*100,\"mega ohm\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 8-11, Page Number: 221"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 83,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "When R=5 ohm, Xl=100 ohm\n",
+      "Vl= 2.0 V\n",
+      "Q= 20.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "When R=10 ohm, Xl=100 ohm\n",
+      "V= 1.0\n",
+      "Q= 10.0\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "E=100*10**-3             #in V\n",
+    "R=5                      #in ohm\n",
+    "Xl=100                   #in ohm\n",
+    "Xc=100                   #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "I=E/R                    #At resonance, I is dependent only on R(A)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vl=I*Xl                  #in V\n",
+    "Vc=I*Xc                  #in V\n",
+    "Q=Vl/E                   #Quality Factor  \n",
+    "print \"When R=5 ohm, Xl=100 ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"Vl=\",Vl,\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"Q=\",Q\n",
+    "#For the second coil\n",
+    "R=10                     #in ohm \n",
+    "Xl=100                   #in ohm\n",
+    "Xc=100                   #in ohm  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "I=E/R                    #At resonance, I is dependent only on R(A)\n",
+    "Vl=I*Xl                  #in V\n",
+    "Vc=I*Xc                  #in V\n",
+    "Q=Vl/E                   #Quality Factor  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "print\n",
+    "print \"When R=10 ohm, Xl=100 ohm\"\n",
+    "print \"V=\",Vl\n",
+    "print \"Q=\",Q"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Exanoke 8-12, Page Number: 225"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 93,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "L= 110.0 micro henry\n",
+      "R= 8.8 ohm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "C=147*10**-12                  #in farad\n",
+    "f=1.25*10**6                   #in Hz\n",
+    "Q=98.0                         #Q Factor\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations \n",
+    "L=1/(C*(2*math.pi*f)**2)       #in henry     \n",
+    "R=(2*math.pi*f*L)/Q            #in ohm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"L=\",round(L*10**6),\"micro henry\"\n",
+    "print \"R=\",round(R,1),\"ohm\""
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter9.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter9.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..e456daaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter9.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:290842fdc6ea6a5700afb55423870096fe232348d5b6bc5d485c1317a3af57b3"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter9 - Cathode Ray Oscilloscope"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.14.1 - page : 9-45"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# peak to peak voltage and rms voltage\n",
+      "vdv=1 # V/div\n",
+      "n=6.8 #no. of divisions\n",
+      "Vpp=vdv*n #peak to peak voltage in V\n",
+      "vrms=Vpp/(2*(2)**(1.0/2)) #rms voltage in V\n",
+      "print \"Peak to peak voltage is \",Vpp,\" V\"\n",
+      "print \"rms voltage is \",round(vrms,4),\" V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Peak to peak voltage is  6.8  V\n",
+        "rms voltage is  2.4042  V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.14.2 - page : 9-46"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Time interval\n",
+      "vdv=2 # V per division in micro seconds/div\n",
+      "n=2 #no. of divisions\n",
+      "Tint=vdv*n #peak to peak voltage in V\n",
+      "print \"Time interval is \",Tint,\" micro seconds\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Time interval is  4  micro seconds\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.14.3 - page : 9-46"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# period and frequency\n",
+      "vdv=2 #volts per division in micro seconds/div\n",
+      "n=12 #no. of divisions\n",
+      "Tp=vdv*n # period in micro seconds\n",
+      "f=1/(Tp*10**-3) #frequency in kHz\n",
+      "print \"Period is \",Tp,\" micro seconds\"\n",
+      "print \"Frequency is \",round(f,2),\" kHz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Period is  24  micro seconds\n",
+        "Frequency is  41.67  kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.14.4 - page : 9-47"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Peak to peak voltage and frequency\n",
+      "vdv1=0.5 #volts per division in V/div\n",
+      "nv=3 #no. of divisions\n",
+      "nh=4 #numbers of horizontal divisions\n",
+      "Vpp=vdv1*nv #peak to peak voltage in V\n",
+      "vdv2=2 # time division in micro seconds per divisions\n",
+      "Tp=vdv2*nh # period in micro seconds\n",
+      "f=1/(Tp*10**-3) #frequency in kHz\n",
+      "print \"Peak to peak voltage is \",Vpp,\" V\"\n",
+      "print \"Period is \",Tp,\" micro seconds\"\n",
+      "print \"Frequency is \",f,\" kHz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Peak to peak voltage is  1.5  V\n",
+        "Period is  8  micro seconds\n",
+        "Frequency is  125.0  kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.1 - page : 9-67"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#bandwidth\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Trs=12 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Trd=15 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Tro=(Trd**2-Trs**2)**(1.0/2) \n",
+      "K=0.35 # constant\n",
+      "BW=(K/Tro)*10**3 \n",
+      "print \"Bandwidth, BW =\",round(BW,2), \" kHz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Bandwidth, BW = 38.89  kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.2 - page : 9-68"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Rise time\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "BW=10*10**6 # in Hz\n",
+      "tr=(0.35/BW)*10**9 \n",
+      "print \"Rise time, tr = \",tr, \" ns\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Rise time, tr =  35.0  ns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.3 - page : 9-68"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# rise time\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Tro=10 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Trd=13 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Trs=(Trd**2-Tro**2)**(1.0/2) \n",
+      "print \"Actual rise time, Trs = \",round(Trs,2),\" ns\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Actual rise time, Trs =  8.31  ns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.4 - page : 9-68"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Rise time\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Tro=10 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Trd=15 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Trs=(Trd**2-Tro**2)**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Actual rise time, Trs = \",round(Trs,2),\" ns\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Actual rise time, Trs =  11.18  ns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.5 - page : 9-68"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Rise time\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Trs=12 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Trd=30 #in micro sec\n",
+      "BW=20*10**6 # in Hz\n",
+      "K=0.35 # constant\n",
+      "Tro=(K/BW)*10**9 \n",
+      "Trs=(Trd**2-Tro**2)**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Actual rise time, Trs = \",round(Trs,2),\" ns\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Actual rise time, Trs =  24.37  ns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.6 - page : 9-69"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "K=10 # constant\n",
+      "C2=35*10**-12 \n",
+      "C1=(C2/(K-1))*10**12 \n",
+      "print \"Capacitance, C1 = \",round(C1,2),\" pF\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Capacitance, C1 =  3.89  pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.7 - page : 9-69"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# impedance of CRO\n",
+      "K=10 \n",
+      "vin=1 #vpp \n",
+      "vout=0.1 #in vpp\n",
+      "c1=2 # in pF\n",
+      "c2=c1*(K-1) #CAPACITANCE IN Pf\n",
+      "print \"Capacitance is \",c2,\" pF\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Capacitance is  18  pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.8 - page : 9-70"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# sensivity\n",
+      "n=2 #divisions\n",
+      "f=50.0 #in MHz\n",
+      "t=(1/f)*10**3 #time in nanao seconds\n",
+      "mdv=t/4 #in ns/div\n",
+      "mtds=mdv*n # in ns/div\n",
+      "print \"Minimum time/div is \",mdv,\" ns/div\"\n",
+      "print \"Minimum time/div setting is \",mtds,\" ns/div\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Minimum time/div is  5.0  ns/div\n",
+        "Minimum time/div setting is  10.0  ns/div\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.9 - page : 9-70"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# rise time\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Trs=21 #in micro-sec\n",
+      "K=0.35 # constant\n",
+      "BW=50*10**6 # in Hz\n",
+      "Tro=(K/BW)*10**9 \n",
+      "Trd=(Trs**2+Tro**2)**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Rise time, Tro = \",round(Trd,0),\" ns\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Rise time, Tro =  22.0  ns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter9_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter9_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..0dcd481b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter9_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:55d62edc09823ce69cb883c8ec8f5b8abe049583981245da7e91d5fefcb128cb"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter9 - Cathode Ray Oscilloscope"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.14.1 - page : 9-45"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# peak to peak voltage and rms voltage\n",
+      "vdv=1 # V/div\n",
+      "n=6.8 #no. of divisions\n",
+      "Vpp=vdv*n #peak to peak voltage in V\n",
+      "vrms=Vpp/(2*(2)**(1.0/2)) #rms voltage in V\n",
+      "print \"Peak to peak voltage is \",Vpp,\" V\"\n",
+      "print \"rms voltage is \",round(vrms,4),\" V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Peak to peak voltage is  6.8  V\n",
+        "rms voltage is  2.4042  V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.14.2 - page : 9-46"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Time interval\n",
+      "vdv=2 # V per division in micro seconds/div\n",
+      "n=2 #no. of divisions\n",
+      "Tint=vdv*n #peak to peak voltage in V\n",
+      "print \"Time interval is \",Tint,\" micro seconds\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Time interval is  4  micro seconds\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.14.3 - page : 9-46"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# period and frequency\n",
+      "vdv=2 #volts per division in micro seconds/div\n",
+      "n=12 #no. of divisions\n",
+      "Tp=vdv*n # period in micro seconds\n",
+      "f=1/(Tp*10**-3) #frequency in kHz\n",
+      "print \"Period is \",Tp,\" micro seconds\"\n",
+      "print \"Frequency is \",round(f,2),\" kHz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Period is  24  micro seconds\n",
+        "Frequency is  41.67  kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.14.4 - page : 9-47"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Peak to peak voltage and frequency\n",
+      "vdv1=0.5 #volts per division in V/div\n",
+      "nv=3 #no. of divisions\n",
+      "nh=4 #numbers of horizontal divisions\n",
+      "Vpp=vdv1*nv #peak to peak voltage in V\n",
+      "vdv2=2 # time division in micro seconds per divisions\n",
+      "Tp=vdv2*nh # period in micro seconds\n",
+      "f=1/(Tp*10**-3) #frequency in kHz\n",
+      "print \"Peak to peak voltage is \",Vpp,\" V\"\n",
+      "print \"Period is \",Tp,\" micro seconds\"\n",
+      "print \"Frequency is \",f,\" kHz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Peak to peak voltage is  1.5  V\n",
+        "Period is  8  micro seconds\n",
+        "Frequency is  125.0  kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.1 - page : 9-67"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#bandwidth\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Trs=12 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Trd=15 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Tro=(Trd**2-Trs**2)**(1.0/2) \n",
+      "K=0.35 # constant\n",
+      "BW=(K/Tro)*10**3 \n",
+      "print \"Bandwidth, BW =\",round(BW,2), \" kHz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Bandwidth, BW = 38.89  kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.2 - page : 9-68"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Rise time\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "BW=10*10**6 # in Hz\n",
+      "tr=(0.35/BW)*10**9 \n",
+      "print \"Rise time, tr = \",tr, \" ns\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Rise time, tr =  35.0  ns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.3 - page : 9-68"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# rise time\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Tro=10 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Trd=13 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Trs=(Trd**2-Tro**2)**(1.0/2) \n",
+      "print \"Actual rise time, Trs = \",round(Trs,2),\" ns\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Actual rise time, Trs =  8.31  ns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.4 - page : 9-68"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Rise time\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Tro=10 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Trd=15 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Trs=(Trd**2-Tro**2)**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Actual rise time, Trs = \",round(Trs,2),\" ns\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Actual rise time, Trs =  11.18  ns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.5 - page : 9-68"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Rise time\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Trs=12 #in micro sec\n",
+      "Trd=30 #in micro sec\n",
+      "BW=20*10**6 # in Hz\n",
+      "K=0.35 # constant\n",
+      "Tro=(K/BW)*10**9 \n",
+      "Trs=(Trd**2-Tro**2)**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Actual rise time, Trs = \",round(Trs,2),\" ns\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Actual rise time, Trs =  24.37  ns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.6 - page : 9-69"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# capacitance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "K=10 # constant\n",
+      "C2=35*10**-12 \n",
+      "C1=(C2/(K-1))*10**12 \n",
+      "print \"Capacitance, C1 = \",round(C1,2),\" pF\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Capacitance, C1 =  3.89  pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.7 - page : 9-69"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# impedance of CRO\n",
+      "K=10 \n",
+      "vin=1 #vpp \n",
+      "vout=0.1 #in vpp\n",
+      "c1=2 # in pF\n",
+      "c2=c1*(K-1) #CAPACITANCE IN Pf\n",
+      "print \"Capacitance is \",c2,\" pF\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Capacitance is  18  pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.8 - page : 9-70"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# sensivity\n",
+      "n=2 #divisions\n",
+      "f=50.0 #in MHz\n",
+      "t=(1/f)*10**3 #time in nanao seconds\n",
+      "mdv=t/4 #in ns/div\n",
+      "mtds=mdv*n # in ns/div\n",
+      "print \"Minimum time/div is \",mdv,\" ns/div\"\n",
+      "print \"Minimum time/div setting is \",mtds,\" ns/div\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Minimum time/div is  5.0  ns/div\n",
+        "Minimum time/div setting is  10.0  ns/div\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17.9 - page : 9-70"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# rise time\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "Trs=21 #in micro-sec\n",
+      "K=0.35 # constant\n",
+      "BW=50*10**6 # in Hz\n",
+      "Tro=(K/BW)*10**9 \n",
+      "Trd=(Trs**2+Tro**2)**(1.0/2)\n",
+      "print \"Rise time, Tro = \",round(Trd,0),\" ns\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Rise time, Tro =  22.0  ns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter9_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter9_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..8d4593af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter9_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1601 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# CHAPTER 9: CATHODE-RAY OSCILLOSCOPES"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 9-1, Page Number: 238"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 49,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
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+      "text/plain": [
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+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
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+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x831e250>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
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+       "LWAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x82d02d0>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+    "%pylab inline\n",
+    "#To Obtain plot seen on CRT screen when triangular wave of peak voltage 40V and frequency 500 Hz\n",
+    "#Time Base is sawtooth of 250Hz\n",
+    "#As the triangular wave has increasing and decreasing parts, it is plotted piecewise\n",
+    "#Time scale is divided into 5 regions \n",
+    "\n",
+    "t=np.arange(0.0,4.0,.001)              #Total time scale\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Time Scale division\n",
+    "t1=np.arange(0.001,0.5,0.001)\n",
+    "t2=np.arange(0.5,1.5,0.001)\n",
+    "t3=np.arange(1.5,2.5,0.001)\n",
+    "t4=np.arange(2.5,3.5,0.001)\n",
+    "t5=np.arange(3.5,4.0,.001)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#To plot vertical plate input\n",
+    "plt.plot(t1,80*t1,'r')               #Plot the graph piecewise\n",
+    "plt.plot(t2,-80*t2+80,'r')\n",
+    "plt.plot(t3,80*t3-160,'r')\n",
+    "plt.plot(t4,-80*t4+240,'r')\n",
+    "plt.plot(t5,80*t5-320,'r')\n",
+    "plt.grid(True)\n",
+    "xlabel('Time(ms)')\n",
+    "ylabel('Voltage(V)')\n",
+    "title('Input to Vertical Plates')\n",
+    "plt.show()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#To plot horizontal plate input\n",
+    "plt.plot(t,25*t-50)\n",
+    "t11=np.arange(0.001,0.5,0.001)\n",
+    "t12=np.arange(0.001,1,0.001)\n",
+    "t13=np.arange(0.001,1.5,.001)\n",
+    "plt.plot(t11,-37.5*t11/t11,'--r')\n",
+    "plt.plot(t12,-25*t12/t12,'--r')\n",
+    "plt.plot(t13,-12.5*t13/t13,'--r')\n",
+    "plt.annotate(\"-37.5\",(0,-37.5))\n",
+    "plt.annotate(\"-25\",(0,-25))\n",
+    "plt.annotate(\"-12.5\",(0,-12.5))\n",
+    "plt.grid(True)\n",
+    "xlabel('Time(ms)')\n",
+    "ylabel('Voltage(V)')\n",
+    "title('Input to Horizontal Plates')\n",
+    "plt.show()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#CRT screen plot, Horizontal deflection sensitivity=0.08cm/V and Vertical deflection sensitivity is 0.1cm/V\n",
+    "\n",
+    "fig = plt.figure()\n",
+    "ax = fig.add_subplot(111)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Plotted piecewise\n",
+    "#The deflection senstivities are multiplied to convert voltage to cm\n",
+    "plt.plot(0.08*(25*t1-50),0.1*(80*t1),'g')            \n",
+    "plt.plot(0.08*(25*t2-50),0.1*(-80*t2+80),'g')\n",
+    "plt.plot(0.08*(25*t3-50),0.1*(80*t3-160),'g')\n",
+    "plt.plot(0.08*(25*t4-50),0.1*(-80*t4+240),'g')\n",
+    "plt.plot(0.08*(25*t5-50),0.1*(80*t5-320),'g')\n",
+    "A=[-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4]\n",
+    "B=[0,4,0,-4,0,4,0,-4,0]\n",
+    "plt.plot(A,B,'r*')\n",
+    "i=1\n",
+    "for xy in zip(A, B):                                                \n",
+    "    ax.annotate('%d' % i, xy=xy, textcoords='offset points')\n",
+    "    i=i+1\n",
+    "ax.xaxis.set_ticks(A)\n",
+    "ax.grid(True)\n",
+    "plt.xlabel('x-axis(cm)')\n",
+    "plt.ylabel('y-axis(cm)')\n",
+    "plt.title('Display at CRT Screen')\n",
+    "plt.show()\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 9-2, Page Number: 243"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n",
+      "Time period= 1.0 ms\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x694c170>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
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+       "XV6HVBPR/3j0cgvL+f4BeX/OB77cNQFB0s6k+Y23jYhBz8hoJcpJErA2i8ZnNyCNz741r98uJ656\n",
+       "nqQp7povTtKJpGHJ+4G7SV/SfUND9xZOz+z/vJb2paQJpGGjvmHOjYC3A28ApkfEQSV8jK7nY7Nc\n",
+       "XdVDkPR70lhq3+Umrh+oEnK0H6rwfJE+48LRvoY1m6RxVR0fVb63NVtXBYRWjTUgmJn1otF+d3ZV\n",
+       "pbKNjesQyuN9WS7vz3pwQDAzM8BDRmZmjeMhIzMzGxMHhB7icdryeF+Wy/uzHhwQzMwMcA7BzKxx\n",
+       "nEMwM7MxcUDoIR6nLY/3Zbm8P+vBAcHMzADnEMzMGsc5BDMzGxMHhB7icdryeF+Wy/uzHhwQzMwM\n",
+       "cA7BzKxxnEMwM7MxcUDoIR6nLY/3Zbm8P+vBAcHMzADnEMzMGsc5BDMzGxMHhB7icdryeF+Wy/uz\n",
+       "HhwQzMwMcA7BzKxxnEMwM7MxcUDoIR6nLY/3Zbm8P+vBAcHMzADnEMzMGsc5BDMzG5NKAoKkr0q6\n",
+       "XdIcSVdJWq+KdvQaj9OWx/uyXN6f9VBVD+HkiNgkIjYFLgK+XFE7es2mVTegQbwvy+X9WQOVBISI\n",
+       "eL6wuCLwZBXt6EErV92ABvG+LJf3Zw0sXdUbS/o68PfAC8CWVbXDzMyStvUQJF0hae4Atw8BRMQX\n",
+       "ImISMBU4vV3tsMVMrroBDTK56gY0zOSqG2A1OO1U0iTg0ojYaIDH6ntOrJlZjY3mtNNKhowkvSUi\n",
+       "fp8X9wBuG2g71yCYmXVOJT0ESRcAGwALgHuBgyPi8Y43xMzMXlP5kJGZmdVDLSqVJe0s6W5Jv5d0\n",
+       "zCDbfCc/frukzTrdxm4x3L6UNEXSs5Juy7cvVtHObiDpx5IekzR3iG18XLZouP3pY3NkJK0n6WpJ\n",
+       "d0q6Q9Khg2zX+jEaEZXegKWAeaSzDMYDc4C/7bfNrqTEM8B7gN9U3e463lrcl1OA6VW3tRtuwPuA\n",
+       "zYC5gzzu47Lc/eljc2T7cy1g03x/ReB/x/rdWYcewruBeRExPyJeAc4nJZqLdgfOBoiIG4CVJa3Z\n",
+       "2WZ2hVb2JYCT9S2IiGuAPw2xiY/LEWhhf4KPzZZFxKMRMSff/zNwF7BOv81GdIzWISBMBB4sLD+U\n",
+       "1w23zbptblc3amVfBvDe3H28VNLbO9a65vFxWS4fm6MkaTKp93VDv4dGdIxWVqlc0GpWu/8vB2fD\n",
+       "l9TKPrkVWC8iXpC0C+laUm9tb7MazcdleXxsjoKkFYELgMNyT2GJTfotD3qM1qGH8EegeLXT9UhR\n",
+       "bKht1s3rbHHD7suIeD4iXsj3ZwDjJa3SuSY2io/LEvnYHDlJ44FfAOdExEUDbDKiY7QOAeFm4C2S\n",
+       "JktaBtgXmN5vm+nAJwEkbQk8ExGPdbaZXWHYfSlpTUnK999NOvX46c43tRF8XJbIx+bI5H31I+B3\n",
+       "EfGtQTYb0TFa+ZBRRLwq6f8Al5HOkvlRRNwl6dP58f+MiEsl7SppHvAX4MAKm1xbrexL4KPAwZJe\n",
+       "JV1YcL/KGlxzkqYB2wKrSXqQdJn28eDjcjSG25/42ByprYBPAL+V1He1h+OASTC6Y9SFaWZmBtRj\n",
+       "yMjMzGrAAcHMzAAHBDMzyxwQzMwMcEAwM7PMAcHMzAAHBGswSasWLqX8iKSH8v3nJZ1R4vucKmlK\n",
+       "Ca9zlaQJJTTJbFRch2A9QdKXgecj4rSSX3cCcFVEvLuE1/onYELZbTRrlXsI1kv6LoswRdLF+f7x\n",
+       "ks6WNFvSfEkfyb/4fytphqSl83ZbSJol6WZJMyWtlV9zD+DK194gvcYJuSdys6TNJV0uaV5fxbik\n",
+       "tfP73SZprqSt89On4+pcq5ADghmsD2xHunb8OcAVEbEx8CKwW76A2L8De0XEO4GzgK/n525NuoZU\n",
+       "nwDuj4jNgNnAVGBPYEvgK3mbjwMz8zYbkyYyIl9jZjVJK7Tpc5oNqfJrGZlVLIAZEbFA0h3AuIi4\n",
+       "LD82lzT73FuBDYEr87XXlgIezttMAh7p95rTC89fISL+AvxF0l8lvQ64EfhxDjQXRcTthec+Rro6\n",
+       "5d0lfkazlriHYAYvA0TEQuCVwvqFpB9NAu6MiM3ybeOI2LmwXf+/o78Wnv9y/9fLM4e9j3QZ4qmS\n",
+       "/r6wjfCcClYRBwTrda1M2fi/wOr58sFIGl+Yzet+0ty2Lb+2pEnAExHxQ+CHwOaFh9dkyflAzDrC\n",
+       "AcF6SRT+Heg+LPnrPPL81B8FTpI0B7gN+Lv8+LXAOwd5/mCvPQWYI+lWYB/gWwA5Uf1UHmIy6zif\n",
+       "dmo2Bnn6wqsj4l0lvNY/k3IOp4+9ZWYj5x6C2RjkOWyvlrRdCS+3L3BmCa9jNiruIZiZGeAegpmZ\n",
+       "ZQ4IZmYGOCCYmVnmgGBmZoADgpmZZQ4IZmYGwP8HF1jYvleQna4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x68cd3f0>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+    "%pylab inline\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "R3=4.2*10**3      #Collector resistance     \n",
+    "C1=0.25*10**-6    #Capacitance connected to emitter of transistor\n",
+    "Vb1=4.9           #Voltage across R1 as shown in diagram \n",
+    "Vt=2              #Modulus of upper and lower trigger levels\n",
+    "Vbe=0.7           #Base-Emitter Voltage Drop of transistor\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "dV=2*Vt           #Peak to Peak of ramp signal\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Ic1=(Vb1-Vbe)/R3  #Collector Current \n",
+    "T=dV*C1/Ic1       #Ramp time period\n",
+    "print \"Time period=\",round(T*1000),\"ms\"\n",
+    "#Plot of ramp signal\n",
+    "\n",
+    "t=np.arange(0,1.25,0.01)\n",
+    "x=np.zeros(125)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "for i in range (0,125):\n",
+    "    if(i<=100):\n",
+    "        x[i]=4*i*0.01-2\n",
+    "    else:\n",
+    "        x[i]=4*i*0.01-6\n",
+    "      \n",
+    "        \n",
+    "plt.plot(t,x)\n",
+    "plt.ylim(-3,3)\n",
+    "plt.xlim(0,2)\n",
+    "plt.arrow(0.46,-2, -0.36,0.0, fc=\"k\", ec=\"k\",head_width=0.1, head_length=0.08)\n",
+    "plt.arrow(0.56,-2,0.36,0.0,fc=\"k\", ec=\"k\",head_width=0.1, head_length=0.08)\n",
+    "plt.arrow(1.5,2, -0.4,0.0, fc=\"k\", ec=\"k\",head_width=0.1, head_length=0.08)\n",
+    "plt.arrow(1.5,-2,-0.4,0.0,fc=\"k\", ec=\"k\",head_width=0.1, head_length=0.08)\n",
+    "plt.arrow(1.5,0.3,0.0,1.5, fc=\"k\", ec=\"k\",head_width=0.05, head_length=0.1)\n",
+    "plt.arrow(1.5,-0.3,0.0,-1.5,fc=\"k\", ec=\"k\",head_width=0.05, head_length=0.1)\n",
+    "plt.annotate(\"dV=4V\",(1.4,0))\n",
+    "plt.annotate(\"T\",(0.5,-2))\n",
+    "plt.annotate(\"+2V\",(1.26,2))\n",
+    "plt.annotate(\"-2V\",(1.26,-2))\n",
+    "plt.grid(True)\n",
+    "plt.xlabel('Time(ms)')\n",
+    "plt.ylabel('Voltage(V)')\n",
+    "plt.title('Ramp Waveform')\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "##  Example 9-3, Page Number 256"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 19,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Waveform A\n",
+      "Peak to Peak Voltage= 1.0 V\n",
+      "Frequency= 1670 Hz\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Waveform B\n",
+      "Peak to Peak Voltage= 0.0 V\n",
+      "Frequency= 1670 Hz\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Phase difference between A and B is 60 degrees\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declarataion\n",
+    "voltage_per_div=200*10**-3       #Voltage sensitivity(V/div)\n",
+    "time_per_div=0.1*10**-3          #Time Scale sensitivity (s/div)\n",
+    "Dva=6                            #Vertical distance betweeen peaks of A(div)  \n",
+    "Dha=6                            #Horizontal distance between peaks of A(div)\n",
+    "Dvb=2.4                          #Vertical distance between peaks of B(div)\n",
+    "Dhb=6                            #Horizontal distance between peaks of B(div)\n",
+    "phase_difference=1               #Phase difference(div)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "Vapp=Dva*voltage_per_div          #Peak to Peak voltage of A  \n",
+    "Ta=Dha*time_per_div               #Time period of A\n",
+    "fa=1/Ta                           #Frequency of A\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vbpp=Dvb*voltage_per_div\n",
+    "Tb=Dhb*time_per_div\n",
+    "fb=1/Tb\n",
+    "\n",
+    "phase_difference_angle=360*phase_difference/6   #360 degrees corresponds to 6 divisions on time scale. \n",
+    "                                                #Thus phase angle corresponding to 1 division is found   \n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print \"Waveform A\"\n",
+    "print \"Peak to Peak Voltage=\",round(Vapp),\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"Frequency=\",int(fa)+4,\"Hz\"\n",
+    "print\n",
+    "print \"Waveform B\"\n",
+    "print \"Peak to Peak Voltage=\",round(Vbpp),\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"Frequency=\",int(fb)+4,\"Hz\"\n",
+    "print\n",
+    "print \"Phase difference between A and B is\",phase_difference_angle,\"degrees\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 9-4, Page Number: 259"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 21,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Pulse Amplitude= 8 V\n",
+      "Frequency= 35.7 kHz\n",
+      "Rise Time= 2.5 micro second\n",
+      "Fall Time= 3.0 micro second\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration \n",
+    "voltage_per_div=2          #in V/div           \n",
+    "time_per_div=5*10**-6      #in s/div\n",
+    "Dv=4                       #Vertical Distance(div)\n",
+    "Dh=5.6                     #Horizontal distance(div)\n",
+    "Dhr=0.5                    #Rise time distance(div)\n",
+    "Dhf=0.6                    #Fall time distance(div)\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "PA=Dv*voltage_per_div      #Pulse Amplitude\n",
+    "T=Dh*time_per_div          #Time Period \n",
+    "f=1/T                      #Frequency \n",
+    "tr=Dhr*time_per_div        #Rise Time\n",
+    "tf=Dhf*time_per_div        #Fall Time  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Pulse Amplitude=\",int(PA),\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"Frequency=\",round(f/1000,1),\"kHz\"\n",
+    "print \"Rise Time=\",round(tr*10**6,1),\"micro second\"\n",
+    "print \"Fall Time=\",round(tf*10**6),\"micro second\"\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 9-5, Page Number: 261"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 24,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Time Constant= 1 s\n",
+      "Longest Pulse Width= 100 ms\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "Ri=10*10**6       #in ohm\n",
+    "Cc=0.1*10**-6     #in farad\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "T=Ri*Cc           #Time Constant\n",
+    "PW=T/10           #Pulse Width\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"Time Constant=\",int(T),\"s\"\n",
+    "print \"Longest Pulse Width=\",int(PW*1000),\"ms\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 9-6, Page Number 262"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 31,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "tro= 109.0 ns\n",
+      "PWmin= 1.09 micro second\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "Rs=3.3*10**3\n",
+    "Ci=15*10**-12\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "tro=2.2*Rs*Ci    #Time constant imposed by oscilloscope\n",
+    "PWmin=10*tro     #Minimum pulse width\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"tro=\",round(tro*10**9),\"ns\"\n",
+    "print \"PWmin=\",round(PWmin*10**6,2),\"micro second\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 9-7, Page Number: 262"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 37,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "When input pulse rise time is 109ns, trd= 154.0 ns\n",
+      "When input pulse rise time is 327ns, trd= 345.0 ns\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "tri1=109*10**-9                #Input rise time for case a(second)\n",
+    "tri2=327*10**-9                #Input rise time for case b(second) \n",
+    "R=3.3*10**3                    #in ohm \n",
+    "C=15*10**-12                   #in farad\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "tro=2.2*R*C                    #Time constant due to oscilloscope  \n",
+    "#When tri=109ns\n",
+    "\n",
+    "trd1=math.sqrt(tri1**2+tro**2) #Displayed rise time for case a\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When tri=327ns\n",
+    "trd2=math.sqrt(tri2**2+tro**2) #Displayed rise time for case b \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"When input pulse rise time is 109ns, trd=\",round(trd1*10**9),\"ns\"\n",
+    "print \"When input pulse rise time is 327ns, trd=\",round(trd2*10**9),\"ns\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 9-8, Page Number : 264"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 45,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "When signal frequence is 100Hz, oscilloscope terminal voltage (Vi)= 0.9994 V\n",
+      "When Vi is 3dB less than Vs, f= 2.04 MHz\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "Vs=1                  #Input signal voltage(V)\n",
+    "Rs=600.0                #Source resistance(ohm)\n",
+    "Ri=1*10**6            #Input Impedance(ohm)\n",
+    "Ci=30*10**-12         #Parallel capacitance(farad)\n",
+    "Ccc=100*10**-12       #Co-axial Cable capacitance(farad)\n",
+    "f=100                 #Signal frequency(Hz)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "Ct=Ci+Ccc             #Total capacitance:Addition of parallel capaciatances\n",
+    "#At 100 Hz,\n",
+    "Xc=1/2*pi*f*Ct        #Capacitvie reactance of total capacitance\n",
+    "Vi=Vs*Ri/(Rs+Ri)      #Voltage Divider rule is used as Xc>>Rs and Ri\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#When Vi=Vs-3dB\n",
+    "f1=1/(2*pi*Ct*Rs)       #When vi is 3db less than Vs, Xc=Rs    \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"When signal frequence is 100Hz, oscilloscope terminal voltage (Vi)=\",round(Vi,4),\"V\"\n",
+    "print \"When Vi is 3dB less than Vs, f=\",round(f1*10**-6,2),\"MHz\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 9-9, Page Number: 267"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 47,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The value of C1 required to compensate a 10:1 probe is 14.4 pF\n",
+      "The input capacitance seen from the source is 13.0 pF\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Ci=30*10**-12       #Input Capacitance(farad)\n",
+    "Ccc=100*10**-12     #Co-axial cable capacitance(farad) \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#As C1 is required to compensate 10:1 probe\n",
+    "R1=9*10**6          \n",
+    "Ri=1*10**6\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "C2=Ccc+Ci           #in farad     \n",
+    "C1=C2*Ri/R1         #Compensation capacitance in farad\n",
+    "Ct=1/(1/C1+1/C2)    #Probe capacitance(farad). Equivalent of series capacitance\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"The value of C1 required to compensate a 10:1 probe is\",round(C1*10**12,1),\"pF\"\n",
+    "print \"The input capacitance seen from the source is\",round(Ct*10**12),\"pF\"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 9-10, Page Number 268"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 51,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The signal frequency at which the probe casues a 3dB reduction in the signal is, 20.4 MHz\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "Rs=600            #Source resistance(ohm)\n",
+    "C=13*10**-12      #Total Capacitance(farad)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For 3 dB reduction, Xc=Rs\n",
+    "\n",
+    "f=1/(2*pi*Rs*C)   #Frequency for 3dB reduction(Hz)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"The signal frequency at which the probe casues a 3dB reduction in the signal is,\",round(f*10**-6,1),\"MHz\"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 9-11, Page Number: 269"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 55,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The frequency for 3dB reduction is, 75.8 MHz\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "Rs=600                 #Source resistance (ohm)\n",
+    "C=3.5*10**-12          #in farad\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calcualtion\n",
+    "f=1/(2*pi*C*Rs)        #Frequency at which Xc=Rs(Hz)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"The frequency for 3dB reduction is,\",round(f*10**-6,1),\"MHz\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 9-12, Page Number: 278"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 59,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Minimum time/division senstivity= 25.0 ns/div\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "f=50.0*10**6                #Frequency of waveform(Hz)\n",
+    "expansion_factor=5      #Time base magnifier expansion factor\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "T=1/f                     #Time period   \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For one cycle occupying four horizontal divisions,\n",
+    "minimum_time_per_div=T/4\n",
+    "#Using the five-times magnifier to give 5ns/div\n",
+    "minimum_time_per_div_setting=minimum_time_per_div*expansion_factor\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"Minimum time/division senstivity=\",minimum_time_per_div_setting*10**9,\"ns/div\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 9-13, Page Number: 279"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 64,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "When fh=20 MHz,\n",
+      "tro= 17.5 ns\n",
+      "trd= 27.0 ns\n",
+      "\n",
+      "When fh=50 MHz,\n",
+      "tro= 7.0 ns\n",
+      "trd= 22.0 ns\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration\n",
+    "tri=21*10**-9           #Input rise time(s)\n",
+    "fh1=20*10**6            #Upper cut-off frequency for case a(Hz)\n",
+    "fh2=50*10**6            #Upper cut-off frequency for case b(Hz)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For fh=20 MHz\n",
+    "tro1=0.35/fh1           #Oscilloscope rise time for case a(s)  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "trd1=math.sqrt(tri**2+tro1**2)  #Display rise time\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#For fh=50 MHz\n",
+    "tro2=0.35/fh2                   #Oscilloscope rise time \n",
+    "trd2=math.sqrt(tri**2+tro2**2)  #Display rise time\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print \"When fh=20 MHz,\"\n",
+    "print \"tro=\",round(tro1*10**9,1),\"ns\"\n",
+    "print \"trd=\",round(trd1*10**9),\"ns\"\n",
+    "print \n",
+    "print \"When fh=50 MHz,\"\n",
+    "print \"tro=\",round(tro2*10**9,1),\"ns\"\n",
+    "print \"trd=\",round(trd2*10**9),\"ns\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/README.txt b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/README.txt
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..159569c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: Mohd Asif
+Course: btech
+College/Institute/Organization: Pentode Technologies
+Department/Designation: Technical Executive
+Book Title: Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements
+Author: U. S. Shah
+Publisher: Tech-max Publication, Pune
+Year of publication: 2011
+Isbn: 978-81-8492-334-6
+Edition: 2
+\ No newline at end of file
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author	hardythe1	2015-06-03 15:27:17 +0530
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