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diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter7_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter7_2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..9b14cc8e --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter7_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,386 @@ +{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# CHAPTER 7: LOW, HIGH AND PRECISE RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7-1, Page Number: 165"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "R= 990 ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "I=0.5 #in A\n",
+ "E1=500 #E+Ea in V\n",
+ "Ra=10 #in ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "R1=E1/I #in ohm\n",
+ "R=R1-Ra #in ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"R=\",int(R),\"ohm\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7-2, Page Number: 166"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Voltmeter Reading= 495.0 V\n",
+ "Ammeter Reading= 0.5 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "sensitivity=10**3 #in ohm/V\n",
+ "V=1000.0 #in V \n",
+ "R=990.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "Ra=10.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "supply_voltage=500 #in V \n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Rv=V*sensitivity #in ohm\n",
+ "R1=Rv*R/(Rv+R) #in ohm \n",
+ "voltmeter_reading=supply_voltage*R1/(Ra+R1) #in volt \n",
+ "ammeter_reading=supply_voltage/R1 #in A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Voltmeter Reading=\",round(voltmeter_reading,1),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"Ammeter Reading=\",round(ammeter_reading,1),\"A\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7-3, Page Number: 166"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 9,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "For V=495 V,I=0.5 A, R= 990.0 ohm\n",
+ "For V=500 V,I=0.5 A, R= 1000.0 ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#For figure 7-1(a)\n",
+ "voltmeter_reading=495 #in V\n",
+ "ammeter_reading=0.5 #in A\n",
+ "R=voltmeter_reading/ammeter_reading #in ohm\n",
+ "print \"For V=495 V,I=0.5 A, R=\",R,\"ohm\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#For figure 7-1(b)\n",
+ "voltmeter_reading=500 #in V\n",
+ "ammeter_reading=0.5 #in A\n",
+ "R=voltmeter_reading/ammeter_reading #in ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \"For V=500 V,I=0.5 A, R=\",R,\"ohm\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7-4, Page Number: 169"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 12,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "R= 2.755 kilo ohm\n",
+ "Measurement Range is 500.0 ohm to 4.0 kilo ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Bridge Resistances\n",
+ "P=3.5*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "Q=7*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "S=5.51*10**3 #in ohm \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R=S*P/Q #Equation for unknown resistance in a balanced bridge(ohm)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#When S=1 kilo ohm\n",
+ "S=1*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "R1=S*P/Q #in ohm \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#When S=8 kilo ohm\n",
+ "S=8*10**3 #in ohm \n",
+ "R2=S*P/Q #in ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \"R=\",round(R/1000,3),\"kilo ohm\"\n",
+ "print \"Measurement Range is\",round(R1),\"ohm to \",round(R2/1000),\"kilo ohm\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7-5, Page Number: 169"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 19,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ " Error in R=± 0.2 %\n",
+ "R= 2.755 kilo ohm ± 0.2 %\n",
+ "R= 2.755 kilo ohm ± 5.5 %\n",
+ "R= 2.7495 kilo ohm to 2.7605 kilo ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "#Bridge Resistances\n",
+ "P=3.5*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "Q=7*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "S=5.51*10**3 #in ohm \n",
+ "R=2.755*10**3 #in ohm \n",
+ "p_accuracy=0.05 #in percentage \n",
+ "q_accuracy=0.05 #in percentage\n",
+ "s_accuracy=0.1 #in percentage \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "error_r=p_accuracy+q_accuracy+s_accuracy #in percentage\n",
+ "Rmax=R+R*error_r/100.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "Rmin=R-R*error_r/100.0 #in ohm \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \"Error in R=±\",round(error_r,1),\"%\"\n",
+ "print \"R=\",round(R/1000,3),\"kilo ohm ±\",round(error_r,1),\"%\"\n",
+ "print \"R=\",round(R/1000,3),\"kilo ohm ±\",round(R*error_r/100.0,1),\"%\"\n",
+ "print \"R=\",round(Rmin/1000,4),\"kilo ohm to \",round(Rmax/1000,4),\"kilo ohm\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7-6, Page Number: 172"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 58,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Minimum Change in R is 5.9 ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "P=3.5*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "Q=7*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "S=4*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "R=2*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "Eb=10\n",
+ "Ig=10**-6 #in A/mm\n",
+ "Rg=2.5*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "r=P*R/(P+R)+Q*S/(Q+S) #R=P||R+Q||S in ohm\n",
+ "dV=Ig*(r+Rg) # Smallest voltage change in V \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vr=Eb*R/(P+R) #Voltage across R(Voltage Divider Rule), in V \n",
+ "V=Vr+dV #in V \n",
+ "Vp=Eb-V #KVL \n",
+ "Ip=Vp/P #Ohm's Law\n",
+ "Ir=Ip \n",
+ "dR=round(V,5)/round(Ir,6)-R #in ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \"Minimum Change in R is\",round(dR,1),\"ohm\"\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7-7, Page Number: 176"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 59,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "R/P=S/Q= 10 / 15\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "S=0.10 #in ohm\n",
+ "Q=0.15 #in ohm(Approximately equal to 0.15)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"R/P=S/Q= \",int(S*100),\"/\",int(Q*100)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7-8, Page Number: 180"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 51,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Volume resistance= 6.7e+09 ohm\n",
+ "Surface resistance= 2.9e+09 ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "E=10000 #in Volt\n",
+ "Iv=1.5*10**-6 #in A\n",
+ "rv=E/Iv #Volume resistance in ohm \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Surface leakage Resistance\n",
+ "\n",
+ "It=5*10**-6 #in A\n",
+ "Is=It-Iv #KCL \n",
+ "rs=E/Is #Surface Resistance in ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Volume resistance=\",'%.1e' %rv,\"ohm\"\n",
+ "print \"Surface resistance=\",'%.1e' %rs,\"ohm\"\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 2",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python2"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 2
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+ "version": "2.7.9"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
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