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+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:82754afbe0b57de92c1b3631997744ed83c0b5bcb3ad977be765225d89fd57a7"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 8 : Application of Capacitors to Distribution Systems"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.1  Page No : 390"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "SL = 700.;         #Load in kVA\n",
+      "pf1 = 65./100;         #Power Factor\n",
+      "PL = SL*pf1;         #Real Power\n",
+      "#From the Table of Power Factor Correction\n",
+      "CR = 0.74;         #Co-relation factor\n",
+      "CS = PL*CR;         #Capacitor Size\n",
+      "\n",
+      "CSr = 360.;         #Next Higher standard Capacitor Size\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "CRn = CSr/PL;         #New Co-Relation Factor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#From the table by linear interpolation\n",
+      "pfr = 93.;         #In Percentage\n",
+      "pfn = pfr+(172./320);\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'a) The Correction Factor is %g'%(CR)\n",
+      "print 'b) The Capacitor Size Required is %g kVAr'%(CS)\n",
+      "print 'c) Resulting power factor if the next higher standard capacitor size is used is %g percent'%(pfn)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a) The Correction Factor is 0.74\n",
+        "b) The Capacitor Size Required is 336.7 kVAr\n",
+        "c) Resulting power factor if the next higher standard capacitor size is used is 93.5375 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.2  Page No : 393"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "Vll = 4.16;         #Line to Line Voltage in kV\n",
+      "Pr = (500*0.7457);         #Rating of motor in kW\n",
+      "pf1 = 0.75;         #Initial Power Factor\n",
+      "pfn = 0.9;         #Improved Power Factor\n",
+      "eff = 0.88;         #Efficiency\n",
+      "P = Pr/eff;         #Input Power of Induction Motor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "Q1 = P*math.degrees(math.atan(math.acos(pf1)));         #Reactive Power\n",
+      "Q2 = P*math.degrees(math.atan(math.acos(pfn)));         #REactive power of motor after power factor improvement\n",
+      "f = 60.;         #Frequency of supply\n",
+      "w = 2.*math.pi*f;         #Angular Frequency\n",
+      "Qc = Q1-Q2;         #Reactive Power of Capacitor\n",
+      "Il = Qc/(math.sqrt(3)*Vll);\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Capacitor Connectd in Delta\n",
+      "Ic1 = Il/(math.sqrt(3));\n",
+      "Xc1 = Vll*1000/Ic1;         #Reacmath.tance of each capacitor\n",
+      "C1 = (10**6)/(w*Xc1);         #Capacimath.tance in Micro Farad\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Capacitor Connected in Wye\n",
+      "Ic2 = Il;\n",
+      "Xc2 = Vll*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*Ic2);         #Reacmath.tance of each capacitor\n",
+      "C2 = (10**6)/(w*Xc2);         #Capacimath.tance in Micro Farad\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'a) Rating of Capacitor Bank is %g kVAr'%(Qc)\n",
+      "print 'b) The Value of Capacimath.tance if there are connected in delta is %g micro F'%(C1)\n",
+      "print 'c) The Value of Capacimath.tance if there are connected in wye is %g micro F'%(C2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a) Rating of Capacitor Bank is 4906.48 kVAr\n",
+        "b) The Value of Capacimath.tance if there are connected in delta is 250.687 micro F\n",
+        "c) The Value of Capacimath.tance if there are connected in wye is 752.06 micro F\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.3  Page No : 396"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "V = 2.4;         #Voltage in kV\n",
+      "I = 200;         #Load Current\n",
+      "P = 360;         #Real Load in kW\n",
+      "S1 = V*I;         #Total Load in kVA\n",
+      "pf1 = P/S1;         #Power Factor\n",
+      "Q1 = S1*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf1)));         #Reactive Load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "Qc = 300;         #Capacitor Size\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Q2 = Q1-Qc;         #The New Reactive Load\n",
+      "pf2 = P/math.sqrt((P**2)+((Q1-Qc)**2));         #Improved Power Factor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'a) The Uncorrected power factor and reactive load is %g and %g kVAr'%(pf1,Q1)\n",
+      "print 'b) The New Corrected factor after the introduction of capacitor unit is %g'%(pf2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a) The Uncorrected power factor and reactive load is 0.75 and 6.0546 kVAr\n",
+        "b) The New Corrected factor after the introduction of capacitor unit is 0.77459\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.4  Page No : 398"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "S1 = 7800.;         #Peak Load in kVA\n",
+      "T = 3*2000.;         #Total Rating of the Transformer\n",
+      "pf1 = 0.89;         #Load Power Factor\n",
+      "TC = 120./100;         #Thermal Capability\n",
+      "Qc = 1000.;         #Size of capacitor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "P = S1*pf1;         #Real Load\n",
+      "Q1 = S1*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf1)));         #Reactive Load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Q2 = Q1-Qc;         #The New Reactive Load\n",
+      "pf2 = P/math.sqrt((P**2)+((Q1-Qc)**2));         #Improved Power Factor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S2 = P/pf2;         #Corrected Apprarent power\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ST = T*TC;         #Transformer Capabilty\n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf3 = P/ST;         #New Corrected Power factor required\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Q2new = P*math.degrees(math.atan(math.acos(pf3)));         #Required Reactive Power\n",
+      "Qcadd = Q2-Q2new;         #Additional Rating of the Capacitor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'a) Since the Apparent Power%g kVAr is more than Transformer Capability %g kVAr),\\\n",
+      " Hence Additional Capacitors are required'%(S2,ST)\n",
+      "print 'b) The Rating of the Addtional capacitor is %g kVAr'%(Qcadd)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a) Since the Apparent Power7004.76 kVAr is more than Transformer Capability 7200 kVAr), Hence Additional Capacitors are required\n",
+        "b) The Rating of the Addtional capacitor is -105274 kVAr\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.5  Page No : 411"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from numpy import array\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "# 1 is Total Loss Reduction due to Capacitors\n",
+      "# 2 is Additional Loss Reduction due to Capacitor\n",
+      "# 3 is Total Demand Reduction due to capacitor\n",
+      "# 4 is Total required capacitor additions\n",
+      "\n",
+      "C90 = array([495165,85771,22506007,9810141]);         #Characteristics at 90% Power Factor\n",
+      "C98 = array([491738,75343,21172616,4213297]);         #Characteristics at 98% Power Factor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Responsibility Factors\n",
+      "RF90 = 1;\n",
+      "RF98 = 0.9;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "SLF = 0.17;         #System Loss Factor\n",
+      "FCR = 0.2;         #Fixed Charge Rate\n",
+      "DC = 250;         #Demand Cost\n",
+      "ACC = 4.75;         #Average Capacitor Cost\n",
+      "EC = 0.045;         #Energy Cost\n",
+      "Cd = C90-C98;         #Difference in Characteristics\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "TAS = Cd[0]+Cd[1];         #Total Additional Kilowatt Savings\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ASDR1 = Cd[0]*RF90*DC*FCR;\n",
+      "ASDR2 = Cd[1]*RF98*DC*FCR;\n",
+      "TASDR = ASDR1+ASDR2;         #Total Annual Savings due to demand\n",
+      "x = 27;         # Cost for Per kVA of the capacity\n",
+      "TASTC = Cd[2]*FCR*x;         #Annual Savings due to Transmission Capacity\n",
+      "TASEL = TAS*SLF*EC*8760;         #Savings due to energy loss reduction\n",
+      "TACAC = Cd[3]*FCR*ACC;         #Annual Cost of Additional Capacitors\n",
+      "Savings = TASEL+TASDR+TASTC;         #Total Savings\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'a) The Resulting additional savings in kilowatt losses due to power factor improvement at the\\\n",
+      " substation buses is %g kW'%(Cd[0])\n",
+      "print 'b) The Resulting assitional savings in kilowatt  losses due to the power factor improvement for feeders is %g kW'%(Cd[1])\n",
+      "print 'c) The Additional Kilowatt Savings is %g kW'%(TAS)\n",
+      "print 'd) The Additional savings in the system kilovoltampere capacity is %g kVA'%(Cd[2])\n",
+      "print 'e) The Additional Capacitors required are %g kVAr'%(Cd[3])\n",
+      "print 'f) The Annual Savings in demand reduction due to capacitors applied to distribution substation buses\\\n",
+      " is approximately is %g dollars/year'%(TASDR)\n",
+      "print 'g) The Annual Savings due to the additional released transmission capacity is %g dollars/year'%(TASTC)\n",
+      "print 'h) The Total Anuual Savings due to the energy loss reduction is %g dollars/year'%(TASEL)\n",
+      "print 'i) The Total Annual Cost of the additional capacitors is %g dollars/year'%(TACAC)\n",
+      "print 'j) The Total Annual Savings is %g dollars/year'%(Savings)\n",
+      "print 'k) No Since the total net annual savings is not zero'\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a) The Resulting additional savings in kilowatt losses due to power factor improvement at the substation buses is 3427 kW\n",
+        "b) The Resulting assitional savings in kilowatt  losses due to the power factor improvement for feeders is 10428 kW\n",
+        "c) The Additional Kilowatt Savings is 13855 kW\n",
+        "d) The Additional savings in the system kilovoltampere capacity is 1.33339e+06 kVA\n",
+        "e) The Additional Capacitors required are 5.59684e+06 kVAr\n",
+        "f) The Annual Savings in demand reduction due to capacitors applied to distribution substation buses is approximately is 640610 dollars/year\n",
+        "g) The Annual Savings due to the additional released transmission capacity is 7.20031e+06 dollars/year\n",
+        "h) The Total Anuual Savings due to the energy loss reduction is 928479 dollars/year\n",
+        "i) The Total Annual Cost of the additional capacitors is 5.317e+06 dollars/year\n",
+        "j) The Total Annual Savings is 8.7694e+06 dollars/year\n",
+        "k) No Since the total net annual savings is not zero\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
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