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+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 21: Antenna Measurements<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-2.1, Page number: 720<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f = 900e6       #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "length = 25e-3  #Length of antenna (m)\n",
+      "len_cell = 110e-3   #Length of handset chassis (m)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "del_L = 0.5     #Peak to Peak measurement uncertainty (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Dm = length + len_cell  #Maximum Dimension of antenna (m)\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f           #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "r_rnf = (wave_lt/(2*pi))    #Outer boundary of reactive near field (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r_ff = 2*(Dm**2)/wave_lt    #Fraunhofer region (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r2_ff = r_rnf/(10**(del_L/40)-1)    \n",
+      "            #Minimum distance where effect of near field is small (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r3_ff = 2*Dm/(10**(del_L/10)-1)\n",
+      "            #Minimum distance where effect of rotation of AUT is small (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Outer boundary of reactive near field is at a distance\", round(r_rnf,3),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The Fraunhofer region starts at a distance\", round(r_ff,3),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The Minimum distance where effect of near field is small enough is\",\\\n",
+      "                                 round(r2_ff,1),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The Minimum distance where effect of rotation of AUT is small enough \\\n",
+      "is\", round(r3_ff,1),\"m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Outer boundary of reactive near field is at a distance 0.053 m\n",
+        "The Fraunhofer region starts at a distance 0.109 m\n",
+        "The Minimum distance where effect of near field is small enough is 1.8 m\n",
+        "The Minimum distance where effect of rotation of AUT is small enough is 2.2 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-2.2, Page number: 720<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "horn_len = 350e-3   #Length of horn (m)\n",
+      "ap_wid = 200e-3     #Aperture width (m)\n",
+      "ap_hei = 150e-3     #Aperture height (m)\n",
+      "del_L = 0.2         #Peak to peak uncertainty (dB)\n",
+      "f = 10e9            #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "c = 3e8             #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "r_rnf = wave_lt/(2*pi)  ##Outer boundary of reactive near field (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r_ff = 2*(ap_wid**2)/wave_lt    #Fraunhofer region (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r2_ff = r_rnf/(10**(del_L/40)-1)    \n",
+      "            #Minimum distance where effect of near field is small (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r3_ff = 2*horn_len/(10**(del_L/10)-1)\n",
+      "            #Minimum distance where effect of rotation of AUT is small (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Outer boundary of reactive near field is at a distance\", round(r_rnf,4),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The Fraunhofer region starts at a distance\", round(r_ff,1),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The Minimum distance where effect of near field is small enough is\",\\\n",
+      "                                 round(r2_ff,2),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The Minimum distance where effect of rotation of AUT is small enough \\\n",
+      "is\", round(r3_ff,1),\"m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Outer boundary of reactive near field is at a distance 0.0048 m\n",
+        "The Fraunhofer region starts at a distance 2.7 m\n",
+        "The Minimum distance where effect of near field is small enough is 0.41 m\n",
+        "The Minimum distance where effect of rotation of AUT is small enough is 14.9 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-2.3, Page number: 721<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "D = 0.5     #Antenna diameter (m)\n",
+      "f = 300e9   #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "c = 3e8     #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f   #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "r_ff = 2*(D**2)/wave_lt    #Fraunhofer region (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Fraunhofer region starts at a distance\", r_ff,\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"At 300 GHz the attenuation of the atmosphere is around 10dB/km making\\\n",
+      " the measurement difficult in full-size ranges\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Fraunhofer region starts at a distance 500.0 m\n",
+        "At 300 GHz the attenuation of the atmosphere is around 10dB/km making the measurement difficult in full-size ranges\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-4.1, Page number: 726<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "D = 1       #Diameter of antenna (m)\n",
+      "f = 10e9    #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "c = 3e8     #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "hpbw = 70*wave_lt/D #Half power beamwidth (degrees)\n",
+      "mea_dist = 2*(D**2)/wave_lt #Measurement distance (m)\n",
+      "trav_dist = hpbw*pi*mea_dist/180    #Traverse distance (m)\n",
+      "taper = ((0.5/(trav_dist/2))**2)*(-3) #Amplitude taper (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The amplitude taper is\", round(taper,1), \"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The amplitude taper is -0.5 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-4.2, Page number: 735<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "pat_lev1 = -22.3    #Pattern level maximum (dB)\n",
+      "pat_lev2 = -23.7    #Pattern level minimum (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "S = abs(pat_lev2-pat_lev1)  #Amplitude ripple (dB)\n",
+      "a = (pat_lev1+pat_lev2)/2   #Pattern level (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "R = a + 20*log10((10**(S/20) - 1)/(10**(S/20) + 1))\n",
+      "                    #Reflectivity (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The reflectivity is\", round(R),\"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The reflectivity is -45.0 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-5.1, Page number: 739<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi, sin, cos, log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "En = 1      #Field illuminating the AUT (unitless)\n",
+      "tilt_diff = 88   #Difference in tilt angles (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "En_pol = En*sin(tilt_diff*pi/180)   #Co-polar component of field (unitless)\n",
+      "En_crosspol = En*cos(tilt_diff*pi/180)\n",
+      "                    #Cross-polar component of field (unitless)\n",
+      "meas_cross = 20*log10(En_crosspol)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The measure cross-polar level is\", round(meas_cross), \"dB\\\n",
+      " relative to the co-polar field\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The measure cross-polar level is -29.0 dB relative to the co-polar field\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-5.2, Page number: 743<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi, log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f = 1.4e9       #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "Tant = 687      #Increase in antenna temperature (K)\n",
+      "phy_ap = 2210   #Physical aperture (m^2)\n",
+      "S = 1590        #Flux density of Cygnus A (Jy)\n",
+      "k = 1.38e-23    #Boltzmann's constant (J/k)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "gain = (8*pi*k*Tant)/(S*(10**-26)*wave_lt**2)   #Gain(unitless)\n",
+      "gain_db = 10*log10(gain)       #Gain (dBi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ae = gain*wave_lt**2/(4*pi)     #Effective area (m^2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "eff_ap = Ae/phy_ap          #Aperture efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The gain of the antenna is\", round(gain_db), \"dBi\"\n",
+      "print \"The aperture efficiency is\", round(eff_ap,2),\"or\",round(eff_ap*100),\"percent\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The gain of the antenna is 55.0 dBi\n",
+        "The aperture efficiency is 0.54 or 54.0 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file