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| author | kinitrupti | 2017-05-12 18:40:35 +0530 |
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| committer | kinitrupti | 2017-05-12 18:40:35 +0530 |
| commit | d36fc3b8f88cc3108ffff6151e376b619b9abb01 (patch) | |
| tree | 9806b0d68a708d2cfc4efc8ae3751423c56b7721 /Advance_Semiconductor_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi | |
| parent | 1b1bb67e9ea912be5c8591523c8b328766e3680f (diff) | |
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Revised list of TBCs
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diff --git a/Advance_Semiconductor_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/chapter1.ipynb b/Advance_Semiconductor_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/chapter1.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 7de612d4..00000000 --- a/Advance_Semiconductor_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/chapter1.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2121 +0,0 @@ -{ - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "# Chapter-1 Review of fundamentals of semiconductor" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.5.1 Pg 1-7" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 92, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Forbidden gap for Si : \n", - "at 35 degree C = 1.099 eV\n", - "at 60 degree C = 1.090 eV\n", - "\n", - "Forbidden gap for Ge : \n", - "at 35 degree C = 0.7163 eV\n", - "at 60 degree C = 0.7107 eV\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "#Given : \n", - "t1=35##degreeC\n", - "t2=60##degreeC\n", - "T1=t1+273##K\n", - "T2=t2+273##K\n", - "print \"Forbidden gap for Si : \"\n", - "EG1_Si=1.21-3.6*10**-4*T1##eV\n", - "print \"at 35 degree C = %0.3f eV\"%EG1_Si\n", - "EG2_Si=1.21-3.6*10**-4*T2##eV\n", - "print \"at 60 degree C = %0.3f eV\"%EG2_Si\n", - "print \"\\nForbidden gap for Ge : \"\n", - "EG1_Ge=0.785-2.23*10**-4*T1##eV\n", - "print \"at 35 degree C = %0.4f eV\"%EG1_Ge\n", - "EG2_Ge=0.785-2.23*10**-4*T2##eV\n", - "print \"at 60 degree C = %0.4f eV\"%EG2_Ge" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.9.1 Pg 1-22" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 93, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "(i) Concentration of electron = 2.88e+21 m**3 \n", - "(ii) Drift velocity = 2.167 m/s \n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "l=6*10**-2##m\n", - "V=1##Volt\n", - "A=10*10**-6##m**2\n", - "I=10*10**-3##A\n", - "q=1.602*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "mu_n=1300*10**-4##m**2/V-s\n", - "E=V/l##V/m\n", - "v=mu_n*E##m/s\n", - "J=I/A##A/m**2\n", - "n=J/(q*mu_n*E)##per m**3\n", - "print \"(i) Concentration of electron = %0.2e m**3 \"%n\n", - "print \"(ii) Drift velocity = %0.3f m/s \"%v" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.9.2 Pg 1-23" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 94, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Electron mobility = 0.365 m**2/V-s\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "l=6*10**-2##m\n", - "V=12##Volt\n", - "v=73##m/s\n", - "E=V/l##V/m\n", - "mu=v/E##m**2/V-s\n", - "print \"Electron mobility = %0.3f m**2/V-s\"%mu" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.10.1 Pg 1-25" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 95, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Concentration of electron = 9.615e+20 per m**3 \n", - "Electron velocity = 3.250 m/s \n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "l=4*10**-2##m\n", - "A=10*10**-6##m**2\n", - "V=1##Volt\n", - "I=5*10**-3##A\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "mu=1300##cm**2/V-s\n", - "J=I/A##A/m**2\n", - "E=V/l##V/m\n", - "n=J/(q*mu*10**-4*E)#\n", - "v=mu*10**-4*E##m/s\n", - "print \"Concentration of electron = %0.3e per m**3 \"%n\n", - "print \"Electron velocity = %0.3f m/s \"%v" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.11.1 Pg 1-28" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 96, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Conductivity = 5.520e-04 (ohm-m)**-1 \n", - "Resistivity = 1811.6 ohm-m\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ni=1.5*10**10/10**-6##per m**3\n", - "mu_n=1800*10**-4##m**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=500*10**-4##m**2/V-s\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "sigma_i=ni*(mu_n+mu_p)*q##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "print \"Conductivity = %0.3e (ohm-m)**-1 \"%sigma_i\n", - "rho_i=1/sigma_i##ohm-m\n", - "print \"Resistivity = %0.1f ohm-m\"%rho_i" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.11.2 Pg 1-28" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 97, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Intrinsic carrier concentration = 1.5e+10 per cm**3\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "from math import sqrt, exp\n", - "#Given : \n", - "T=300##K\n", - "Ao=2.735*10**31##constant for Si\n", - "k=86*10**-6##boltzman constant\n", - "EGO=1.1##volt(Bandgap energy)\n", - "ni=sqrt(Ao*T**3*exp(-EGO/k/T))##per cm**3\n", - "print \"Intrinsic carrier concentration = %0.1e per cm**3\"%ni" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.11.3 Pg 1-29" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 98, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "(i) Current = 3.00 A\n", - "(ii) Conductivity = 2.78e+07 (ohm-m)**-1\n", - "(iii) velocity of free electrons = 2.08e-02 m/s\n", - "(iv) Mobility = 0.193 m**2/V-s \n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "A=1*10**-6##m**2\n", - "R=3.6*10**-4/10**-2##ohm/m\n", - "n=9*10**26##electrons/m**3\n", - "J=3*10**6##A/m**2\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "I=J*A##A\n", - "print \"(i) Current = %0.2f A\"%I\n", - "rho=R*A##ohm-m\n", - "sigma=1/rho##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "print \"(ii) Conductivity = %0.2e (ohm-m)**-1\"%sigma\n", - "v=J/n/q##m/s\n", - "print \"(iii) velocity of free electrons = %0.2e m/s\"%v\n", - "mu=sigma/n/q##m**2/V-s\n", - "print \"(iv) Mobility = %0.3f m**2/V-s \"%mu" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.11.4 Pg 1-31" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 99, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Intrinsic concentration at 30 degree C = 1.16e+16 per m**3) \n", - "Intrinsic concentration at 100 degree C = 1.221e+18 (per m**3)\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "rho=3*10**5*10**-2##ohm-m\n", - "T1=30+273##K\n", - "mu_n=0.13##m**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=0.05##m**2/V-s\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "T2=100+273##K\n", - "sigma_i=1/rho##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "ni1=sigma_i/q/(mu_n+mu_p)##electrons/m**3\n", - "print \"Intrinsic concentration at 30 degree C = %0.2e per m**3) \"%ni1\n", - "k=8.62*10**-5##eV/K(Boltzman constant)\n", - "EGO=1.21##V(Energy band gap)\n", - "Ao=ni1**2/(T1**3*exp(-EGO/k/T1))##constant\n", - "ni2=sqrt(Ao*T2**3*exp(-EGO/k/T2))##per cm**3\n", - "print \"Intrinsic concentration at 100 degree C = %0.3e (per m**3)\"%ni2" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.11.5 Pg 1-32" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 100, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Majority Carrier density = 3.720e+20 per m**3\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "l=0.1*10**-2##m\n", - "R=1.5*10**3##ohm\n", - "mu_n=0.14##m**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=0.05##m**2/V-s\n", - "A=8*10**-8##m**2\n", - "ni=1.5*10**10*10**6## per m**3\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "rho_n=R*A/l##ohm-m\n", - "sigma_n=1/rho_n##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "ND=sigma_n/mu_n/q##\n", - "print \"Majority Carrier density = %0.3e per m**3\"%ND" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.11.6 Pg 1-32" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 101, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Length of the bar = 0.855 mm\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "A=2.5*10**-4##m**2\n", - "n=1.5*10**16##per m**3\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "mu_n=0.14##m**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=0.05##m**2/V-s\n", - "I=1.2*10**-3##A\n", - "V=9##Volts\n", - "ni=n## per m**3\n", - "sigma_i=ni*q*(mu_n+mu_p)##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "rho_i=1/sigma_i##ohm-m\n", - "R=V/I##ohm\n", - "l=R*A/rho_i##m\n", - "print \"Length of the bar = %0.3f mm\"%(l*1000)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.11.7 Pg 1-34" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 102, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Resistivity = 2.3148e+05 ohm-cm\n", - "Ratio of donor impurity atom to Si atom : 1e-08\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "#Given : \n", - "n=5*10**22##per cm**3\n", - "mu_n=1300##cm**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=500##cm**2/V-s\n", - "ni=1.5*10**10##per cm**3\n", - "T=300##K\n", - "rho_n=9.5##ohm-cm\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "sigma_i=ni*q*(mu_n+mu_p)##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "rho_i=1/sigma_i##ohm-cm\n", - "print \"Resistivity = %0.4e ohm-cm\"%rho_i\n", - "sigma_n=1/rho_n##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "ND=sigma_n/mu_n/q##per m**3\n", - "Ratio=ND/n#\n", - "print \"Ratio of donor impurity atom to Si atom : %0.e\"%(Ratio)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.11.8 Pg 1-35" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 103, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Resistivity of intrinsic Si = 2246.91 ohm-m \n", - "Resistivity of doped Si = 9.259e-02 ohm-m\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "n=5*10**22##per cm**3\n", - "ni=1.52*10**10*10**6##per m**3\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "mu_n=0.135##m**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=0.048##m**2/V-s\n", - "impurity=1/10**8##atoms\n", - "sigma_i=ni*q*(mu_n+mu_p)##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "rho_i=1/sigma_i##ohm-cm\n", - "print \"Resistivity of intrinsic Si = %0.2f ohm-m \"%rho_i\n", - "ND=n*impurity*10**6##per m**3\n", - "sigma_n=ND*mu_n*q##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "rho_n=1/sigma_n##ohm-m\n", - "print \"Resistivity of doped Si = %0.3e ohm-m\"%rho_n\n", - "#Answer in the book is not accurate." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.11.9 Pg 1-36" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 104, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Ratio of doner atom to Si atom per unit volume : 1e-08\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "rho=9.6*10**-2##ohm-m\n", - "mu_n=1300*10**-4##m**2/V-s\n", - "sigma_n=1/rho##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "TotalAtoms=5*10**28##per m**3\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "ND=sigma_n/mu_n/q##per m**3\n", - "ratio=ND/TotalAtoms#\n", - "print \"Ratio of doner atom to Si atom per unit volume : %0.e\"%ratio" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.11.10 Pg 1-37" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 105, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Resistivity of Ge = 45.0 ohm-cm\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ni=2.5*10**13##per cm**3\n", - "mu_p=1800##cm**2/V-s\n", - "mu_n=3800##cm**2/V-s\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "sigma_i=ni*q*(mu_n+mu_p)##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "rho_i=1/sigma_i##ohm-cm\n", - "print \"Resistivity of Ge =\",round(rho_i),\"ohm-cm\"" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.11.11 Pg 1-37" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 106, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Electron concentration = 1.440e+10 per m**3 \n", - "Conductivity of Si = 80 (ohm-m)**-1\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ni=1.2*10**16##per m**3\n", - "p=10**22##per m**3\n", - "mu_p=500*10**-4##cm**2/V-s\n", - "mu_n=1350*10**-4##cm**2/V-s\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "n=ni**2/p##per m**3\n", - "print \"Electron concentration = %0.3e per m**3 \"%n\n", - "sigma=q*(n*mu_n+p*mu_p)##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "print \"Conductivity of Si = %0.f (ohm-m)**-1\"%sigma" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.12.1 Pg 1-39" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 107, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Electron concentration = 1e+17 per cm**3 \n", - "Holes = 2.25e+03 per cm**3 : \n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "T=27+273##K\n", - "ND=10**17##per cm**3\n", - "ni=1.5*10**10##per cm**3\n", - "n=ND##per m**3#ND>>n\n", - "print \"Electron concentration = %0.e per cm**3 \"%n\n", - "p=ni**2/n##per m**3\n", - "print \"Holes = %0.2e per cm**3 : \"%p" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.12.2 Pg 1-39" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 108, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Total free electrons = 2.20e+17 per m**3\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Vol=4*50*1.5##mm**3\n", - "ni=2.4*10**19##per m**3\n", - "p=7.85*10**14##per m**3\n", - "n=ni**2/p##per m**3\n", - "Vol=Vol*10**-9##m**3\n", - "TotalElectron=n*Vol##no. of electrons\n", - "print \"Total free electrons = %0.2e per m**3\"%TotalElectron" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.13.1 Pg 1-41" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 109, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Total current density = 524.21 A/m**2 \n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ND=10**14##per cm**3\n", - "NA=7*10**13##per cm**3\n", - "rho_i=60##ohm-cm\n", - "E=2##V/cm\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "mu_p=1800##cm**2/V-s\n", - "mu_n=3800##cm**2/V-s\n", - "sigma_i=1/rho_i##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "ni=sigma_i/q/(mu_n+mu_p)##per cm**3\n", - "from sympy import symbols, solve\n", - "p = symbols('p')\n", - "n=p+(ND-NA)##per cm**3\n", - "#n*p=ni**2 \n", - "expr = n*p-ni**2 \n", - "#m=[1 (ND-NA) -ni**2]##polynomial\n", - "p=solve(expr,p)[1]##per m**3 #taking only +ve value\n", - "n=ni**2/p##per m**3\n", - "J=(n*mu_n+p*mu_p)*q*E/10**-4##A/m**2\n", - "print \"Total current density = %0.2f A/m**2 \"%J\n", - "#Answer in the textbook is not accurate." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.13.2 Pg 1-43" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 110, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Value of electrical field, E = 0.8150 V/cm \n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ND=10**14##per cm**3\n", - "NA=7*10**3##per cm**3\n", - "rho_i=60##ohm-cm\n", - "J=52##mA/cm**2\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "mu_p=1800##cm**2/V-s\n", - "mu_n=3800##cm**2/V-s\n", - "sigma_i=1/rho_i##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "ni=sigma_i/q/(mu_n+mu_p)##per cm**3\n", - "from sympy import symbols, solve\n", - "p = symbols('p')\n", - "n=p+(ND-NA)##per cm**3\n", - "#n*p=ni**2 \n", - "expr = n*p-ni**2 \n", - "#m=[1 (ND-NA) -ni**2]##polynomial\n", - "p=solve(expr,p)[1]##per m**3 #taking only +ve value\n", - "n=ni**2/p##per m**3\n", - "E=J*10**-3/q/(n*mu_n+p*mu_p)##V/m\n", - "print \"Value of electrical field, E = %0.4f V/cm \"%E" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.13.3 Pg 1-45" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 111, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Total current density = 382.75 A/m**2\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ND=10**14##per cm**3\n", - "NA=7*10**13##per cm**3\n", - "rho_i=60##ohm-cm\n", - "E=2##V/cm\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "mu_p=500##cm**2/V-s\n", - "mu_n=1300##cm**2/V-s\n", - "sigma_i=1/rho_i##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "ni=sigma_i/q/(mu_n+mu_p)##per cm**3\n", - "from sympy import symbols, solve\n", - "p = symbols('p')\n", - "n=p+(ND-NA)##per cm**3\n", - "#n*p=ni**2 \n", - "expr = n*p-ni**2 \n", - "#m=[1 (ND-NA) -ni**2]##polynomial\n", - "p=solve(expr,p)[1]##per m**3 #taking only +ve value\n", - "n=ni**2/p##per m**3\n", - "J=(n*mu_n+p*mu_p)*q*E/10**-4##A/m**2\n", - "print \"Total current density = %0.2f A/m**2\"%J" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.13.4 Pg 1-46" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 112, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Electron mobility = 0.365 m**2/V-s \n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "l=6*10**-2##m\n", - "V=12##volts\n", - "v=73##m/s\n", - "E=V/l##V/m\n", - "mu=v/E##m**2/V-s\n", - "print \"Electron mobility = %0.3f m**2/V-s \"%mu" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.15.1 Pg 1-54" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 113, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Magnitude of hall voltage = 65 mV \n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ND=10**13##per cm**3\n", - "Bz=0.2##Wb/m**2\n", - "d=5##mm\n", - "E=5##V/cm\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "mu_n=1300##cm**2/V-s\n", - "rho=ND*q##Coulomb/cm**3\n", - "J=rho*mu_n*E##A/cm**2\n", - "VH=Bz*10**-4*J*d*10**-1/rho##V\n", - "print \"Magnitude of hall voltage = %0.f mV \"%(VH*10**3)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.15.2 Pg 1-55" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 114, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Mobility = 0.050909 m**2/V-s\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "rho=220*10**3*10**-2##ohm/m\n", - "d=2.2*10**-3##m\n", - "w=2*10**-3##m\n", - "B=0.1##Wb/m**2\n", - "I=5*10**-6##A\n", - "VH=28*10**-3##V\n", - "sigma=1/rho##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "RH=VH*w/(B*I)##ohm\n", - "mu=sigma*RH##m**2/V-s\n", - "print \"Mobility = %0.6f m**2/V-s\"%mu" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.16.1 Pg 1-59" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 115, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Concentration of electron = 9.615e+20 per m**3\n", - "Electron velocity = 3.25 m/s\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "l=4*10**-2##m\n", - "A=10*10**-6##m**2\n", - "V=1##Volt\n", - "I=5*10**-3##A\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "mu=1300##cm**2/V-s\n", - "J=I/A##A/m**2\n", - "E=V/l##V/m\n", - "n=J/(q*mu*10**-4*E)\n", - "v=mu*10**-4*E##m/s\n", - "print \"Concentration of electron = %0.3e per m**3\"%n\n", - "print \"Electron velocity = %0.2f m/s\"%v" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.16.2 Pg 1-59" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 116, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Resistivity of doped Ge = 3.738 ohm-cm\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "mu_n=3800##cm**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=1300##cm**2/V-s\n", - "ni=2.5*10**13##per cm**3\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "ND=4.4*10**22/10**8##per cm**3\n", - "sigma_n=ND*q*mu_n##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "rho_n=1/sigma_n##ohm-cm\n", - "print \"Resistivity of doped Ge = %0.3f ohm-cm\"%rho_n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.16.3 Pg 1-60" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 117, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Minor carrier density = 4.5e+11 per m**3\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ni=1.5*10**16##per m**3\n", - "n=5*10**20##per m**3\n", - "p=ni**2/n##per m**3\n", - "print \"Minor carrier density = %0.1e per m**3\"%p" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.16.4 Pg 1-60" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 118, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Electron concentration, n = 8.00e+15 per cm**3\n", - "Hole concentration, p = 2.8125e+04 per cm**3 \n", - "Total electron concentration, nT = 8e+15 per cm**3\n", - "Total hole concentration, pT = 1.00e+14 per cm**3\n", - "Current, I = 36.45 mA\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ni=1.5*10**10##per cm**3\n", - "mu_n=1400##cm**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=500##cm**2/V-s\n", - "l=1##cm\n", - "a=1##mm**2\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "del_n=10**14##per cm**3\n", - "del_p=10**14##per cm**3\n", - "Nd=8*10**15##per cm**3\n", - "n=Nd##per cm**3(Nd>>ni)\n", - "print \"Electron concentration, n = %0.2e per cm**3\"%n\n", - "p=ni**2/n##per m**3\n", - "print \"Hole concentration, p = %0.4e per cm**3 \"%p\n", - "nT=Nd+del_n##per cm**3\n", - "print \"Total electron concentration, nT = %0.e per cm**3\"%nT\n", - "pT=p+del_p##per cm**3\n", - "print \"Total hole concentration, pT = %0.2e per cm**3\"%pT\n", - "sigma=(nT*mu_n+pT*mu_p)*q##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "rho=1/sigma##ohm-cm\n", - "R=rho*l/(a*10**-2)##ohm\n", - "V=2##volt\n", - "I=V/R##A\n", - "print \"Current, I = %0.2f mA\"%(I*1000)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.16.5 Pg 1-61" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 119, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Current, I = 0.944 mA\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "A=2.3*10**-4##m**2\n", - "n=1.5*10**16##per m**3\n", - "l=1##mm\n", - "mu_n=1400##cm**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=500##cm**2/V-s\n", - "p=n##per m**3\n", - "ni=n##per m**3\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "sigma_i=ni*(mu_n*10**-4+mu_p*10**-4)*q##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "rho_i=1/sigma_i##ohm-m\n", - "R=rho_i*l*10**-3/A##ohm\n", - "V=9##volt\n", - "I=V/R##A\n", - "print \"Current, I = %0.3f mA\"%(I*1000)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.16.6 Pg 1-62" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 120, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Concentration gradient, dn/dx = 1.624e+19\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ND=10**14##per m**3\n", - "Jn=10##mA/cm**2\n", - "E=3##V/cm\n", - "T=27+273##K\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "mu_n=1500##cm**2/V-s\n", - "Dn=mu_n/39##Diffusion constant\n", - "n=ND##per m**3\n", - "dnBYdx=((Jn*10**-3/10**-4)-n*q*mu_n*E)/q/Dn##concentration gradient\n", - "print \"Concentration gradient, dn/dx = %0.3e\"%dnBYdx" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.16.7 Pg 1-63" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 121, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Total current density = 672.0 A/m**2\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ND=10**13##per m**3\n", - "NA=10**14##per m**3\n", - "rho_i=44##ohm-cm\n", - "E=3##V/cm\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "mu_n=0.38##m**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=0.18##m**2/V-s\n", - "ni=2.5*10**19##per m**3\n", - "from sympy import symbols, solve\n", - "p = symbols('p')\n", - "n=p+(ND-NA)##per cm**3\n", - "#n*p=ni**2 \n", - "expr = n*p-ni**2 \n", - "#m=[1 (ND-NA) -ni**2]##polynomial\n", - "p=solve(expr,p)[1]##per m**3 #taking only +ve value\n", - "n=ni**2/p##per m**3\n", - "J=(n*mu_n+p*mu_p)*q*(E/10**-2)##A/m**2\n", - "print \"Total current density = %0.1f A/m**2\"%J\n", - "#Ans in the textbook is not accurate." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.16.8 Pg 1-64" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 122, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Conductivity of intrinsic Ge = 2.24 (ohm-m)**-1\n", - "Conductivity after adding donor impurity = 267.52 (ohm-m)**-1\n", - "Conductivity after adding acceptor impurity = 126.72 (ohm-m)**-1 \n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "T=300##K\n", - "ni=2.5*10**13##per cm**3\n", - "mu_n=3800##cm**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=1800##cm**2/V-s\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "sigma_i=ni*(mu_n+mu_p)*q/10**-2##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "print \"Conductivity of intrinsic Ge = %0.2f (ohm-m)**-1\"%sigma_i\n", - "ND=4.4*10**22/10**7##per cm**3\n", - "n=ND##per cm**3\n", - "sigma_n=n*mu_n*q/10**-2##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "print \"Conductivity after adding donor impurity = %0.2f (ohm-m)**-1\"%sigma_n\n", - "NA=4.4*10**22/10**7##per cm**3\n", - "p=NA##per cm**3\n", - "sigma_p=p*mu_p*q/10**-2##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "print \"Conductivity after adding acceptor impurity = %0.2f (ohm-m)**-1 \"%sigma_p" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.1 Pg 1-102" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 123, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Equilibrium hole concentration = 2.25e+03 per cm**3\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ND=10**17##per cm**3\n", - "ni=1.5*10**10##per cm**3\n", - "no=ND##per cm**3#/Nd>>ni\n", - "po=ni**2/no##per cm**3\n", - "print \"Equilibrium hole concentration = %0.2e per cm**3\"%po" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.3 Pg 1-103" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 124, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Fermi level, Ef = Ei + 0.407 eV\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "from math import log\n", - "#Given : \n", - "ni=1.5*10**10##per cm**3\n", - "ND=10**17##per cm**3\n", - "no=ND##per cm**3#/Nd>>ni\n", - "po=ni**2/no##per cm**3\n", - "KT=0.0259##constant\n", - "delEf=KT*log(no/ni)##eV\n", - "print \"Fermi level, Ef = Ei +\",round(delEf,3),\"eV\"" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.4 Pg 1-104" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 125, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Diffusion coffiecients of electron = 4.40e-03 m**2/s\n", - "Diffusion coffiecients of holes = 6.47e-04 m**2/s\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "K=1.38*10**-23##J/K\n", - "T=27+273##K\n", - "e=1.6*10**-19##constant\n", - "mu_n=0.17##m**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=0.025##m**2/V-s\n", - "Dn=K*T/e*mu_n##m**2/s\n", - "print \"Diffusion coffiecients of electron = %0.2e m**2/s\"%Dn\n", - "Dp=K*T/e*mu_p##m**2/s\n", - "print \"Diffusion coffiecients of holes = %0.2e m**2/s\"%Dp" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.5 Pg 1-105" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 126, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Diffusion current density = 3.152e+03 A/m**2\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "K=1.38*10**-23##J/K\n", - "T=27+273##K\n", - "e=1.6*10**-19##constant\n", - "del_no=10**20##per.m**3\n", - "tau_n=10**-7##s\n", - "mu_n=0.15##m**2/V-s\n", - "Dn=K*T/e*mu_n##m**2/s\n", - "Ln=sqrt(Dn*tau_n)##m\n", - "Jn=e*Dn*del_no/Ln##A/m**2\n", - "print \"Diffusion current density = %0.3e A/m**2\"%Jn" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.6 Pg 1-105" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 127, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Concentration of holes = 4.680e+11 per m**3\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "sigma_n=0.1##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "mu_n=1300##m**2/V-s\n", - "ni=1.5*10**10##per cm**3\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "n_n=sigma_n/q/mu_n##per cm**3\n", - "p_n=ni**2/n_n##per cm**3\n", - "p_n=p_n*10**6##per m**3\n", - "print \"Concentration of holes = %0.3e per m**3\"%p_n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.7 Pg 1-106" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 128, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Electron transit time = 6.41e-09 s\n", - "Photoconductor gain : 216.0\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "L=100*10**-6##m\n", - "A=10**-7*10**-6##m**2\n", - "mu_e=0.13##m**2/V-s\n", - "mu_h=0.05##m**2/V-s\n", - "tau_h=10**-6##sec\n", - "V=12##volt\n", - "E=V/L##v/m\n", - "tn=L**2/(mu_e*V)##sec\n", - "print \"Electron transit time = %0.2e s\"%tn\n", - "Gain=tau_h/tn*(1+mu_h/mu_e)##\n", - "print \"Photoconductor gain :\",Gain" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.8 Pg 1-106" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 129, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Resistivity of intrinsic Ge at 300K = 45.00 ohm-cm\n", - "Resistivity of doped Ge = 3.74 ohm-cm \n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "T=300##K\n", - "rho_i=45##ohm-cm\n", - "#part (i)\n", - "mu_n=3800##cm**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=1800##cm**2/V-s\n", - "ni=2.5*10**13##per cm**3\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "sigma=ni*q*(mu_n+mu_p)##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "rho=1/sigma##ohm-cm\n", - "print \"Resistivity of intrinsic Ge at 300K = %0.2f ohm-cm\"%round(rho)\n", - "#part (ii)\n", - "ND=4.4*10**22/10**8##per cm**3\n", - "sigma=ND*q*mu_n##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "rho=1/sigma##ohm-cm\n", - "print \"Resistivity of doped Ge = %0.2f ohm-cm \"%rho" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.9 Pg 1-107" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 130, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Electron concentration = 1e+22 per m**3\n", - "Electron concentration = 1e+10 per m**3\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ni=10**16##per m**3\n", - "ND=10**22##per m**3\n", - "n=ND##per m**3#ND>>ni\n", - "print \"Electron concentration = %0.e per m**3\"%n\n", - "p=ni**2/n##per m**3\n", - "print \"Electron concentration = %0.e per m**3\"%p" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.10 Pg 1-107" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 131, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Ratio of donor atom to Si atom : 1e-08\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "rho=9.6*10**-2##ohm-m\n", - "mu_n=1300##cm**2/V-s\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "sigma_n=1/rho##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "ND=sigma_n/q/(mu_n*10**-4)##per m**3\n", - "ni=5*10**22*10**6##per m**3\n", - "print \"Ratio of donor atom to Si atom : %0.e\"%(ND/ni)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.11 Pg 1-108" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 132, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Equillibrium electron density = 2.25e+15 per cm**3\n", - "Equillibrium hole density = 1e+05 per cm**3 \n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ni=1.5*10**10##per cm**3\n", - "n_n=2.25*10**15##per cm**3\n", - "print \"Equillibrium electron density = %0.2e per cm**3\"%n_n\n", - "p_n=ni**2/n_n##per cm**3\n", - "print \"Equillibrium hole density = %0.e per cm**3 \"%p_n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.12 Pg 1-108" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 133, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Material is p-type & Carrier concentration = 1e+16 holes per cm**3\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "NA=2*10**16##per cm**3\n", - "ND=10**16##per cm**3\n", - "p=NA-ND##per cm**3\n", - "print \"Material is p-type & Carrier concentration = %0.e holes per cm**3\"%p" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.13 Pg 1-108" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 134, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Rate of generation of minority carrier = 1e+20 electron hole pair/sec/cm**3\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "del_n=10**15##per cm**3\n", - "tau_p=10*10**-6##sec\n", - "rate=del_n/tau_p##rate of generation minority carrier\n", - "print \"Rate of generation of minority carrier = %0.e electron hole pair/sec/cm**3\"%rate" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.14 Pg 1-109" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 135, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Mobility = 5000 cm**2/V-s\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "E=10##V/cm\n", - "v=1/(20*10**-6)##m/s\n", - "mu=v/E##cm**2/V-s\n", - "print \"Mobility = %02.f cm**2/V-s\"%mu" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.15 Pg 1-109" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 136, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Hole diffucion current, Jp = -707.17 A/cm**2)\n", - "Electron diffucion current, Jp = 2552.08 A/cm**2\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ND=4.5*10**15 #per cm**3\n", - "A=1*10**-2 #cm**2\n", - "l=10 #cm\n", - "tau_p=1*10**-6 #sec\n", - "tau_n=1*10**-6 #sec\n", - "Dp=12 #cm**2/sec\n", - "Dn=30 #cm**2/sec\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19 #coulamb\n", - "del_p=10**21 #electron hole pair/cm**3/sec\n", - "x=34.6*10**-4 #cm\n", - "Kdash=26 #mV(Kdash is taken as K*T/q)\n", - "ni=1.5*10**10 #per cm**3\n", - "no=ND #per cm**3#ND<<ni\n", - "po=ni**2/no #per cm**3\n", - "ln=sqrt(Dn*tau_n) #cm\n", - "lp=sqrt(Dp*tau_p) #cm\n", - "dpBYdx=del_p*exp(-x/lp) #per cm**4\n", - "dnBYdx=del_p*exp(-x/ln) #per cm**4\n", - "Jp=-q*Dp*dpBYdx #A/cm**2\n", - "print \"Hole diffucion current, Jp = %0.2f A/cm**2)\"%Jp\n", - "Jn=q*Dn*dnBYdx #A/cm**2\n", - "print \"Electron diffucion current, Jp = %0.2f A/cm**2\"%Jn\n", - "#Answer is wrong in the book. Wrong calculation for dpBYdx and dnBYdx." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.16 Pg 1-111" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 137, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Energy band gap = 2.26 eV\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "h=6.626*10**-34##J-s\n", - "lamda=5490##Angstrum\n", - "c=3*10**8##m/s(speed of light)\n", - "f=c/(lamda*10**-10)##Hz\n", - "E=(h/1.6/10**-19)*f##eV\n", - "print \"Energy band gap = %0.2f eV\"%E" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.17 Pg 1-111" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 138, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "image/png": 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- "text/plain": [ - "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f5da1c9e290>" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - }, - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Current density = 1120.00 A/cm**2\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "Dn=35##cm**2/s\n", - "x=[0, 2]##micro meter\n", - "n=[10**17 ,6*10**16]##per cm**3\n", - "%matplotlib inline\n", - "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot, title, show, xlabel, ylabel\n", - "plot(x,n)#\n", - "title('n Vs x')#\n", - "xlabel('x(micro meter)')#\n", - "ylabel('n(electrons per cm**3)')#\n", - "show()\n", - "dnBYdx=(n[1]-n[0])/(x[0]-x[1])/10**-4##gradient\n", - "Jn=q*Dn*dnBYdx##A/cm**2\n", - "print \"Current density = %0.2f A/cm**2\"%Jn" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.18 Pg 1-112" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 139, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Resistance of the bar = 1 Mohm\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "l=0.1##cm\n", - "A=100*10**-8##cm**2\n", - "n_n=5*10**20*10**-6##per cm**3\n", - "mu_n=0.13*10**4##cm**2/V-s\n", - "sigma_n=q*n_n*mu_n##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "rho=1/sigma_n##ohm-cm\n", - "R=rho*l/A##ohm\n", - "print \"Resistance of the bar = %0.f Mohm\"%round(R/10**6)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.19 Pg 1-113" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 140, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Answer is (B). Depletion width on p-side = 0.33 micro meter\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "NA=9*10**16##per cm**3\n", - "ND=1*10**16##per cm**3\n", - "w_total=3##micro meter\n", - "w_p=w_total*ND/NA##micro meter\n", - "print \"Answer is (B). Depletion width on p-side = %0.2f micro meter\"%w_p" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.20 Pg 1-113" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 141, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Majority carrier density = 4.50e+11 per m**3\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ni=1.5*10**16##per m**3\n", - "n_n=5*10**20##per m**3\n", - "p_n=ni**2/n_n##per m**3\n", - "print \"Majority carrier density = %0.2e per m**3\"%p_n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.21 Pg 1-113" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 142, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "image/png": 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EKEp6iEFU6aokSfOBpwLzJ/bZ/nWNdTW/fxJDDLykh+i2Oq9KejvwW+B7wDcaHhExC0kP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\n", - "text/plain": [ - "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f5d8376ebd0>" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - }, - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Current density = 8.00 A/cm**2\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "Dn=25##cm**2/s\n", - "x=[0 ,0.5]##micro meter(base width)\n", - "n=[10**14 ,0]##per cm**3\n", - "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot, title, show, xlabel, ylabel\n", - "plot(x,n)#\n", - "title('n Vs x')#\n", - "xlabel('x(micro meter)')#\n", - "ylabel('n(electrons per cm**3)')#\n", - "show()\n", - "dnBYdx=(n[1]-n[0])/(x[0]-x[1])/10**-4##gradient\n", - "Jn=q*Dn*dnBYdx##A/cm**2\n", - "print \"Current density = %0.2f A/cm**2\"%Jn" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.22 Pg 1-114" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 143, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Band gap = 1.431 eV\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "h=6.64*10**-34##planks constant\n", - "c=3*10**8##m/s(speed of light)\n", - "lamda=0.87*10**-6##m\n", - "Eg=h*c/lamda/(1.6*10**-19)##eV\n", - "print \"Band gap = %0.3f eV\"%Eg" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.23 Pg 1-114" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 144, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "(a) Absorbed power = 9.00 mW\n", - "(b) Rate of excess thermal energy = 2.564e-03 J/s\n", - "(c) No. of photons per sec : 2.81e+16\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "t=0.46*10**-4##cm\n", - "E=2##eV\n", - "alfa=5*10**4##cm**-1\n", - "Io=10##mW\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "It=Io*exp(-alfa*t)##mW\n", - "Pabs=Io-It##mW\n", - "print \"(a) Absorbed power = %0.2f mW\"%round(Pabs)\n", - "Eg=1.43##eV(Band gap)\n", - "heat_fraction=(E-Eg)/E#\n", - "E_heat=heat_fraction*Pabs*10**-3##J/s(energy converted to heat)\n", - "print \"(b) Rate of excess thermal energy = %0.3e J/s\"%E_heat\n", - "photons=Pabs*10**-3/q/E##no. of photons per sec\n", - "print \"(c) No. of photons per sec : %0.2e\"%photons" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.24 Pg 1-115" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 145, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Steady state separation between Fp & Ec = 0.70 eV\n", - "Hole current = 1900.55 A\n", - "Excess stored hole charge = 1.44e-07 Coulomb\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Kdash=0.0259##constant(taken as K*T/q)\n", - "A=0.5##cm**2\n", - "Na=10**17##per cm**3\n", - "ni=1.5*10**10##per cm**3\n", - "delta_p=5*10**16##per cm**3\n", - "x=1000##Angstrum\n", - "mu_p=500##cm**2/V-s\n", - "tau_p=10**-10##sec\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "\n", - "Dp=Kdash*mu_p##cm/s\n", - "Lp=sqrt(Dp*tau_p)##cm\n", - "p0=Na##per cm**3\n", - "p=p0+delta_p*exp(x*10**-8/Lp)##per cm**3\n", - "delE1=log(p/ni)*Kdash##eV(taken as Ei-Fp)\n", - "Eg=1.12##eV(Band gap)\n", - "delE2=Eg-delE1##eV(taken as Ec-Fp)\n", - "print \"Steady state separation between Fp & Ec = %0.2f eV\"%delE2\n", - "Ip=q*A*Dp/Lp*delta_p*exp(x*10**-8/Lp)##A\n", - "print \"Hole current = %0.2f A\"%Ip\n", - "Qp=q*A*delta_p*Lp##C\n", - "print \"Excess stored hole charge = %0.2e Coulomb\"%Qp\n", - "#Answer in the book is wrong beacause of calculation mistake in the value of p & Ip." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Ex 1.40.25 Pg 1-116" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 146, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Steady state separation between Fp & Ec = 0.70 eV\n", - "Hole current = 1900.55 A \n", - "Excess stored hole charge = 1.44e-07 Coulomb\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Kdash=0.0259##constant(taken as K*T/q)\n", - "A=0.5##cm**2\n", - "Na=10**17##per cm**3\n", - "ni=1.5*10**10##per cm**3\n", - "delta_p=5*10**16##per cm**3\n", - "x=1000##Angstrum\n", - "mu_p=500##cm**2/V-s\n", - "tau_p=10**-10##sec\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "\n", - "Dp=Kdash*mu_p##cm/s\n", - "Lp=sqrt(Dp*tau_p)##cm\n", - "p0=Na##per cm**3\n", - "p=p0+delta_p*exp(x*10**-8/Lp)##per cm**3\n", - "delE1=log(p/ni)*Kdash##eV(taken as Ei-Fp)\n", - "Eg=1.12##eV(Band gap)\n", - "delE2=Eg-delE1##eV(taken as Ec-Fp)\n", - "print \"Steady state separation between Fp & Ec = %0.2f eV\"%delE2\n", - "Ip=q*A*Dp/Lp*delta_p*exp(x*10**-8/Lp)##A\n", - "print \"Hole current = %0.2f A \"%Ip\n", - "Qp=q*A*delta_p*Lp##C\n", - "print \"Excess stored hole charge = %0.2e Coulomb\"%Qp\n", - "#Answer in the book is wrong beacause of calculation mistake in the value of p & Ip." - ] - } - ], - "metadata": { - "kernelspec": { - "display_name": "Python 2", - "language": "python", - "name": "python2" - }, - "language_info": { - "codemirror_mode": { - "name": "ipython", - "version": 2 - }, - "file_extension": ".py", - "mimetype": "text/x-python", - "name": "python", - "nbconvert_exporter": "python", - "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", - "version": "2.7.9" - } - }, - "nbformat": 4, - "nbformat_minor": 0 -} diff --git a/Advance_Semiconductor_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/chapter2.ipynb b/Advance_Semiconductor_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/chapter2.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index fff383e3..00000000 --- a/Advance_Semiconductor_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/chapter2.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1262 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "", - "signature": "" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 1, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Chapter-2 Junctions and interfaces" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.6.1 Pg 2-21" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "from math import log\n", - "#Given : \n", - "Ge=4.4*10**22##atoms/cm**3\n", - "NA=Ge/10**8##per cm**3\n", - "NA=NA*10**6##per m**3\n", - "ND=NA*10**3##per m**3\n", - "ni=2.5*10**13##per cm**3\n", - "ni=ni*10**6##per m**3\n", - "VT=26##mV\n", - "Vj=VT*log(NA*ND/ni**2)##mV\n", - "print \"Junction potential = %0.1f mV\"%Vj" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Junction potential = 328.7 mV\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.6.2 Pg 2-22" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "ni=2.5*10**15##per cm**3\n", - "Ge=4.4*10**22##atoms/cm**3\n", - "NA=Ge/10**8##per cm**3\n", - "NA=NA*10**6##per m**3\n", - "ND=NA*10**3##per m**3\n", - "ni=ni*10**6##per m**3\n", - "T=27+273##K\n", - "VT=T/11600##V\n", - "Vo=VT*log(NA*ND/ni**2)##V\n", - "print \"Contact potential = %0.4f V\"%Vo" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Contact potential = 0.0888 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 4 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.6.3 Pg 2-23" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "mu_n=1500*10**-4##m**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=475*10**-4##m**2/V-s\n", - "ni=1.45*10**10*10**6##per m**3\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "rho_p=10##ohm-cm\n", - "rho_p=rho_p*10**-2##ohm-m\n", - "rho_n=3.5##ohm-cm\n", - "rho_n=rho_n*10**-2##ohm-m\n", - "sigma_p=1/rho_p##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "NA=sigma_p/q/mu_p##m**3\n", - "sigma_n=1/rho_n##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "ND=sigma_p/q/mu_n##m**3\n", - "VT=26*10**-3##V\n", - "Vj=VT*log(NA*ND/ni**2)##V\n", - "print \"Height of potential barrier = %0.3f V\"%Vj\n", - "#Answer in the book is wrong." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Height of potential barrier = 0.564 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 6 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.6.4 Pg 2-24" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "rho_p=2##ohm-cm\n", - "rho_p=rho_p*10**-2##ohm-m\n", - "rho_n=1##ohm-cm\n", - "rho_n=rho_n*10**-2##ohm-m\n", - "mu_n=1500*10**-4##m**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=2100*10**-4##m**2/V-s\n", - "ni=2.5*10**13##per m**3\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "sigma_p=1/rho_p##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "NA=sigma_p/q/mu_p##m**3\n", - "sigma_n=1/rho_n##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "ND=sigma_p/q/mu_n##m**3\n", - "T=27+273##K\n", - "VT=T/11600##V\n", - "Vj=VT*log(NA*ND/ni**2)##V\n", - "print \"Height of potential barrier = %0.4f V\"%Vj\n", - "#Anser in the book is wrong." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Height of potential barrier = 0.9347 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 8 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.7.1 Pg 2-27" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Vgamma=0.6##Volt\n", - "rf=12##ohm\n", - "V=5##Volts\n", - "R=1##kohm\n", - "IF=(V-Vgamma)/(R*1000+rf)##A\n", - "print \"Diode current = %0.1f mA\"%(IF*1000)\n", - "VF=Vgamma+IF*rf##volts\n", - "print \"Diode voltage = %0.2f Volts\"%VF" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Diode current = 4.3 mA\n", - "Diode voltage = 0.65 Volts\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 10 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.7.2 Pg 2-35" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Vgamma=0.6##Volt\n", - "Rf=10##ohm\n", - "Eta=2#\n", - "Vm=0.2##Volts\n", - "Vdc=10##Volts\n", - "RL=1##kohm\n", - "IDQ=(Vdc-Vgamma)/(RL*1000+Rf)##A\n", - "VT=25*10**-3##Volts\n", - "rd=Eta*VT/IDQ##ohm\n", - "print \"Alternating component of voltage across RL, Vo(ac) = \",round((RL*1000/(RL*1000+rd)*Vm),4),\"*sin(omega*t)\"\n", - "Vo_DC=IDQ*RL*1000##Volts\n", - "print \"Total load voltage = \",round(Vo_DC,1),\"+\",round((RL*1000/(RL*1000+rd)*Vm),4),\"*sin(omega*t)\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Alternating component of voltage across RL, Vo(ac) = 0.1989 *sin(omega*t)\n", - "Total load voltage = 9.3 + 0.1989 *sin(omega*t)\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 14 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.7.3 Pg 2-37" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import exp\n", - "#Given : \n", - "Eta=2##for Si diode\n", - "T=300##K\n", - "VT=T/11600##V\n", - "IbyIo=90/100#\n", - "#I=Io*(exp(V/Eta/VT)-1)\n", - "V=log(IbyIo+1)*Eta*VT##V\n", - "print \"Saturation value of voltage = %0.2f mV\"%(V*1000)\n", - "VF=0.5##Volts\n", - "VR=-0.5##Volts\n", - "IFbyIR=(exp(VF/Eta/VT)-1)/(exp(VR/Eta/VT)-1)##ratio\n", - "print \"Ratio of forward to reverse current = %0.2f\"%IFbyIR\n", - "#Answer in the book is wrong." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Saturation value of voltage = 33.20 mV\n", - "Ratio of forward to reverse current = -15782.65\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 15 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.7.4 Pg 2-37" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Eta=2##for Si diode\n", - "T=300##K\n", - "VT=T/11600##V\n", - "IbyIo=90/100#\n", - "#I=Io*(exp(V/Eta/VT)-1)\n", - "V=log(IbyIo+1)*Eta*VT##V\n", - "print \"Saturation value of voltage = %0.2f mV\"%(V*1000)\n", - "VF=0.2##Volts\n", - "VR=-0.2##Volts\n", - "IFbyIR=(exp(VF/Eta/VT)-1)/(exp(VR/Eta/VT)-1)##ratio\n", - "print \"Ratio of forward to reverse current : %0.2f \"%IFbyIR\n", - "#Answer in the book is wrong." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Saturation value of voltage = 33.20 mV\n", - "Ratio of forward to reverse current : -47.78 \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 16 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.9.1 Pg 2-61" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "IF=10##mA\n", - "VF=0.75##volts\n", - "T=27+273##K\n", - "Eta=2##for Si diode\n", - "VT=T/11600##V\n", - "Io=IF/(exp(VF/Eta/VT)-1)##mA\n", - "print \"Reverse saturation current = %0.3f nA\"%(Io*10**6)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Reverse saturation current = 5.043 nA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 18 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.9.2 Pg -61" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "IF=10##mA\n", - "VF=0.3##Volts\n", - "T=27+273##K\n", - "Eta=1##for Ge diode\n", - "VT=T/11600##V\n", - "Io=IF/(exp(VF/Eta/VT)-1)##mA\n", - "print \"Reverse saturation current = %0.2f nA\"%(Io*10**6)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Reverse saturation current = 91.66 nA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 19 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.9.3 Pg 2-61" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Io=1*10**-9##A\n", - "T=27+273##K\n", - "VT=T/11600##V\n", - "VF=0.3##Volts\n", - "Eta=1##for Ge diode\n", - "IF=Io*(exp(VF/Eta/VT)-1)##mA\n", - "print \"Forwad current = %0.4f mA\"%(IF*10**3)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Forwad current = 0.1091 mA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 21 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.9.4 Pg 2-62" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "T=27+273##K\n", - "V1=0.4##V\n", - "V2=0.42##V\n", - "I1=10##mA\n", - "I2=20##mA\n", - "VT=T/11600##V\n", - "Eta=1/log(I1/I2)*(V1-V2)/VT\n", - "print \"Value of Eta : %0.2f\"%Eta\n", - "Io=I1/(exp(V1/Eta/VT)-1)*10**-3##A\n", - "print \"Current, Io = %0.2f nA\"%(Io*10**9)\n", - "#Ans in the book is not accurate." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Value of Eta : 1.12\n", - "Current, Io = 9.54 nA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 22 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.9.5 Pg 2-63" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Io1=10**-12##A\n", - "Io2=10**-10##A\n", - "I=2##mA\n", - "Eta=1##constant\n", - "T=27+273##K\n", - "VT=26/1000##V\n", - "#I=I1+I2\n", - "V=(log(I*10**-3/(Io1+Io2))+1)*Eta*VT##V\n", - "print \"Voltage across the diodes = %0.4f V\"%V\n", - "#Ans in the book is not accurate." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Voltage across the diodes = 0.4628 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 24 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.9.6 Pg 2-64" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Io1=10*10**-9##A\n", - "Io2=10*10**-9##A\n", - "Eta=1.1##constant\n", - "T=25+273##K\n", - "V=0.2##V(assumed)\n", - "VT=T/11600##V\n", - "I1=Io1*(exp(V/Eta/VT)-1)##A\n", - "I2=Io2*(exp(V/Eta/VT)-1)##A\n", - "I=I1+I2##A\n", - "print \"Source current = %0.2f micro Ampere\"%(I*10**6)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Source current = 23.68 micro Ampere\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 25 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.9.7 Pg 2-65" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Io=10**-13##A\n", - "T=27+273##K\n", - "Eta=1##constant\n", - "V=0.6##V\n", - "VT=26/1000##V\n", - "I3=Io*(exp(V/Eta/VT)-1)##A\n", - "R=1*1000##ohm\n", - "Ir=V/R##A\n", - "Itotal=I3+Ir##A\n", - "VD1=log(Itotal/Io)*Eta*VT##V\n", - "VD2=VD1##V\n", - "Vin=VD1+VD2+V##V\n", - "print \"Voltage Vin = %0.3f V\"%Vin" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Voltage Vin = 1.823 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 27 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.9.8 Pg 2-66" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Vs=10##V\n", - "print \"Case(i) : Vb=9.8V\"\n", - "Vb=9.8##V\n", - "#D1 forward & D2 reverse biased: Breakdown D2\n", - "VD2=Vb##V\n", - "VD1=Vs-Vb##V\n", - "print \"VD1 = %0.3f V\"%VD1\n", - "print \"VD2 = %0.3f V\"%VD2\n", - "print \"Case(ii) : Vb=10.2V\"\n", - "Vb=10.2##V\n", - "#D1 forward & D2 reverse biased: none will be breakdown\n", - "VD2=Vb##V\n", - "#I=I0 so exp(V1/Eta/VT)-1=1\n", - "Eta=1##constant\n", - "VT=26/1000##V\n", - "VD1=log(1+1)*Eta*VT##V\n", - "VD2=Vs-VD1##V\n", - "print \"VD1 = %0.3f V\"%VD1\n", - "print \"VD2 = %0.3f V\"%VD2" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Case(i) : Vb=9.8V\n", - "VD1 = 0.200 V\n", - "VD2 = 9.800 V\n", - "Case(ii) : Vb=10.2V\n", - "VD1 = 0.018 V\n", - "VD2 = 9.982 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 30 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.9.9 Pg 2-67" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Vs=5##Volt\n", - "Eta=1##constant\n", - "VT=26/1000##V\n", - "#I=I0 so exp(V1/Eta/VT)-1=1\n", - "V1=log(1+1)*Eta*VT##Volt\n", - "V2=Vs-V1##Volt\n", - "print \"Voltage across diode D1 = %0.3f V\"%V1\n", - "print \"Voltage across diode D2 = %0.3f V\"%V2" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Voltage across diode D1 = 0.018 V\n", - "Voltage across diode D2 = 4.982 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 32 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.10.2 Pg 2-70" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "rho_n=10##ohm-cm\n", - "rho_p=3.5##ohm-cm\n", - "ni=1.5*10**10##per cm**3\n", - "Vj=0.56##volt\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "mu_n=1500##cm**2/V-s\n", - "mu_p=500##cm**2/V-s\n", - "sigma_p=1/rho_p##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "NA=sigma_p/q/mu_p##per cm**3\n", - "sigma_n=1/rho_n##(ohm-cm)**-1\n", - "ND=sigma_n/q/mu_n##per cm**3\n", - "VT=Vj/log(NA*ND/ni**2)##V\n", - "T=11600*VT##K\n", - "print \"Temperature of junction = %0.2f degree K\"%T\n", - "t=T-273##degree C\n", - "print \"Temperature of junction = %0.2f degree C\"%t" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Temperature of junction = 287.28 degree K\n", - "Temperature of junction = 14.28 degree C\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 34 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.11.1 Pg 2-75" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Io=10##nA\n", - "T1=27+273##K\n", - "T2=87+273##K\n", - "VT=T1/11600##V\n", - "Eta=2##for Si\n", - "m=1.5##for Si\n", - "VGO=-1.21##volt\n", - "K=Io*10**-9/T1**m/exp(VGO/Eta/VT)##constant\n", - "VT=T2/11600##V\n", - "Io2=K*T2**m*exp(VGO/Eta/VT)##A\n", - "print \"Reverse saturation current at 87 degree C = %0.2f nA\"%(Io2*10**9)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Reverse saturation current at 87 degree C = 648.69 nA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 35 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.11.2 Pg 2-76" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "V=0.45##volt\n", - "Eta=2##for Si\n", - "T1=27+273##K\n", - "T2=125+273##K\n", - "VT1=T1/11600##V\n", - "VT2=T2/11600##V\n", - "I1BYIo1=exp(V/Eta/VT1)#\n", - "I2BYIo2=exp(V/Eta/VT2)#\n", - "m=1.5##for Si\n", - "VGO=1.21##volt\n", - "Io1BYIo2=(T1/T2)**m*exp(-VGO/Eta/VT1+VGO/Eta/VT2)##constant\n", - "I2BYI1=I2BYIo2/I1BYIo1/Io1BYIo2#\n", - "print \"Factor by which current increases : %0.2f \"%I2BYI1\n", - "#Answer is wrong in the textbook." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Factor by which current increases : 56.94 \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 36 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.11.3 Pg 2-78" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Io1=2##nA\n", - "T1=10+273##K\n", - "V=0.4##volt\n", - "VT1=T1/11600##V\n", - "m=1.5##for Si\n", - "Eta=2##for Si\n", - "VGO=-1.21##volt\n", - "K=Io1*10**-9/T1**m/exp(VGO/Eta/VT1)##constant\n", - "I1=Io1*10**-9*(exp(V/Eta/VT1)-1)##nA\n", - "T2=70+273##K\n", - "VT2=T2/11600##V\n", - "Io2=K*T2**m*(exp(VGO/Eta/VT2))##A\n", - "I2=Io2*(exp(V/Eta/VT2)-1)##nA\n", - "change=(I2-I1)/I1*100##%\n", - "print \"%% change = %0.2f diode current\"%change\n", - "#Answer is wrong in the textbook." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "% change = 2332.39 diode current\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 37 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.11.4 Pg 2-79" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "T=300##K\n", - "m_Si=1.5##for Si\n", - "m_Ge=1.5##for Ge\n", - "EGO_Si=1.21##Volt\n", - "EGO_Ge=0.785##Volt\n", - "Eta_Si=2#\n", - "Eta_Ge=1#\n", - "VT=26/1000##V\n", - "print \"Part(i)\"\n", - "d_logIoBYdt_Ge=m_Ge/T+EGO_Ge/(Eta_Ge*T*VT)##per degree C\n", - "print \"d(log(Io))/dt for Ge = %0.2f per degree C\"%d_logIoBYdt_Ge\n", - "d_logIoBYdt_Si=m_Si/T+EGO_Si/(Eta_Si*T*VT)##per degree C\n", - "print \"d(log(Io))/dt for Si = %0.2f per degree C \"%d_logIoBYdt_Si\n", - "print \"Part(ii)\"\n", - "V=0.2##Volt\n", - "dVBYdt_Ge=V/T-Eta_Ge*VT*d_logIoBYdt_Ge#\n", - "print \"dV/dt for Si = %0.2f mV per degree C \"%(dVBYdt_Ge*1000)\n", - "V=0.6##Volt\n", - "dVBYdt_Si=V/T-Eta_Si*VT*d_logIoBYdt_Si\n", - "print \"dV/dt for Si = %0.2f mV per degree C \"%(dVBYdt_Si*1000)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(i)\n", - "d(log(Io))/dt for Ge = 0.11 per degree C\n", - "d(log(Io))/dt for Si = 0.08 per degree C \n", - "Part(ii)\n", - "dV/dt for Si = -2.08 mV per degree C \n", - "dV/dt for Si = -2.29 mV per degree C \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 38 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.12.1 Pg 2-85" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import sqrt\n", - "#Given : \n", - "NA=4*10**20##per m**3\n", - "Vj=0.2##Volt\n", - "V1=-1##Volts\n", - "V2=-5##Volts\n", - "epsilon_r=16##for Ge\n", - "epsilon_o=8.85*10**-12##permitivity\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "W1=sqrt(2*epsilon_r*epsilon_o*(Vj-V1)/q/NA)##m\n", - "print \"Width of depletion region = %0.2f micro meter \"%(W1*10**6)\n", - "W2=sqrt(2*epsilon_r*epsilon_o*(Vj-V2)/q/NA)##m\n", - "print \"New value of Width of depletion region = %0.2f micro meter \"%(W2*10**6)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Width of depletion region = 2.30 micro meter \n", - "New value of Width of depletion region = 4.80 micro meter \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 39 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.12.2 Pg 2-86" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "NA=4*10**20##per m**3\n", - "Vj=0.2##Volt\n", - "V1=-1##Volts\n", - "V2=-5##Volts\n", - "A=0.8*10**-6##m**2\n", - "epsilon_r=16##for Ge\n", - "epsilon_o=8.85*10**-12##permitivity\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "W1=sqrt(2*epsilon_r*epsilon_o*(Vj-V1)/q/NA)##m\n", - "CT1=epsilon_r*epsilon_o*A/W1##\n", - "print \"Transition capacitance = %0.2f pF \"%(CT1*10**12)\n", - "W2=sqrt(2*epsilon_r*epsilon_o*(Vj-V2)/q/NA)##m\n", - "CT2=epsilon_r*epsilon_o*A/W2##\n", - "print \"New value of Transition capacitance = %0.2f pF \"%( CT2*10**12)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Transition capacitance = 49.16 pF \n", - "New value of Transition capacitance = 23.62 pF \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 40 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.12.3 Pg 2-87" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "NA=3*10**20##per m**3\n", - "Vj=0.2##Volt\n", - "V=-10##Volts\n", - "A=1*10**-6##m**2\n", - "epsilon_r=16##for Ge\n", - "epsilon_o=8.854*10**-12##permitivity\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "W=sqrt(2*epsilon_r*epsilon_o*(Vj-V)/q/NA)##m\n", - "print \"Width of depletion region = %0.2f micro meter\"%(W*10**6)\n", - "CT=epsilon_r*epsilon_o*A/W##\n", - "print \"Transition capacitance = %0.2f pF\"%(CT*10**12)\n", - "#Answer is wrong in the textbook." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Width of depletion region = 7.76 micro meter\n", - "Transition capacitance = 18.26 pF\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 41 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.12.4 Pg 2-88" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "W=2*10**-4*10**-2##m\n", - "A=1*10**-6##m**2\n", - "epsilon_r=16##for Ge\n", - "epsilon_o=8.854*10**-12##permitivity\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "CT=epsilon_r*epsilon_o*A/W##\n", - "print \"Barrier capacitance = %0.2f pF \"%(CT*10**12)\n", - "#Answer is wrong in the textbook." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Barrier capacitance = 70.83 pF \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 42 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.12.5 Pg 2-88" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import pi\n", - "#Given : \n", - "Vj=0.5##Volt\n", - "V=-4.5##Volt\n", - "rho_p=5*10**-2##ohm-m\n", - "epsilon_r=12##for Si\n", - "epsilon_o=8.854*10**-12##permitivity\n", - "q=1.6*10**-19##Coulomb\n", - "CT=100*10**-12##F\n", - "mu_p=500*10**-4##m**2/V-s\n", - "sigma_p=1/rho_p##(ohm-m)**-1\n", - "NA=sigma_p/q/mu_p##per m**3\n", - "W=sqrt(2*epsilon_r*epsilon_o*(Vj-V)/q/NA)##m\n", - "A=CT*W/(epsilon_r*epsilon_o)##\n", - "r=sqrt(A/pi)##m\n", - "D=2*r##m\n", - "print \"Diameter = %0.2f micro meter\"%(D*10**6)\n", - "#Answer is wrong = %0.2f the textbook. Sqrt is not taken while calculatng W value and also other mistakes." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Diameter = 1397.53 micro meter\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 43 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.12.6 Pg 2-90" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Eta=2##for Si\n", - "T=300##K\n", - "VT=26/1000##V\n", - "IbyIo=0.9#\n", - "#part (i)\n", - "V=log(IbyIo+1)*Eta*VT##Volt\n", - "print \"Value of reverse voltage = %0.2f mV\"%(V*1000)\n", - "#part (ii)\n", - "VF=0.2##Volt\n", - "VR=-0.2##Volt\n", - "IFbyIR=(exp(VF/Eta/VT)-1)/(exp(VR/Eta/VT)-1)#\n", - "print \"Ratio of forward bias current to reverse saturation current = %0.2f \"%IFbyIR\n", - "#Answer is wrong in the textbook." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Value of reverse voltage = 33.38 mV\n", - "Ratio of forward bias current to reverse saturation current = -46.81 \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 44 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.12.7 Pg 2-91" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Vs=100##V\n", - "Rf1=20##ohm\n", - "Vgamma1=0.2##Volts\n", - "Rf2=15##ohm\n", - "Vgamma2=0.6##Volts\n", - "Vb_Ge=0.2##Volts\n", - "Vb_Si=0.6##Volts\n", - "R1=10*10**3##ohm\n", - "R2=1*10**3##ohm\n", - "#Case(i)\n", - "Imax=Vs/R1##A\n", - "#D1 ON & D2 off\n", - "V=Vb_Ge+Rf1*Imax##Volt\n", - "#D2 off as V<Vb_Si\n", - "I2=0##A\n", - "I1=(Vs-V)/(R1+Rf1)##A\n", - "print \"For R=10 kohm\"\n", - "print \"I1 = %0.2f mA\"%(I1*1000)\n", - "print \"I2 = %0.2f mA\"%I2\n", - "#Case(ii)\n", - "R=R2##ohm#D1 & D2 ON \n", - "#V=Vb_Ge+Rf1*I1#V=Vb_Si+Rf2*I2\n", - "#V=Vs-I*R#V=Vs-(I1+I2)*R\n", - "#20*I1-15*I2=Vb_Si-Vb_Ge\n", - "#1020*I1+1000*I2=99.8\n", - "from numpy import mat, linalg\n", - "A=mat([[20, 1020],[-Rf2, R]])#\n", - "B=mat([[Vb_Ge-Vb_Ge],[Vs-Vb_Ge]])#\n", - "X = linalg.solve(A,B)\n", - "I1=X[0]*1000##mA\n", - "I2=X[1]*1000##mA\n", - "print \"For R=1 kohm\"\n", - "print \"I1 = %0.2f mA\"%I1\n", - "print \"I2 = %0.2f mA\"%I2\n", - "#Answer for 2nd part is not accurate in the book." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "For R=10 kohm\n", - "I1 = 9.94 mA\n", - "I2 = 0.00 mA\n", - "For R=1 kohm" - ] - }, - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "\n", - "I1 = -2883.74 mA\n", - "I2 = 56.54 mA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 45 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 2.12.8 Pg 2-93" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "Rf=10##ohm\n", - "Vgamma=0.5##Volt\n", - "RL=20##ohm\n", - "V=3##Volt\n", - "#Loop 1: 75*I1-50*I=V-Vgamma\n", - "#Loop 2: -50*I1+80*I=-Vgamma\n", - "import numpy as np\n", - "A=np.mat([[75 ,-50],[-50, 80]])#\n", - "B=np.mat([[V-Vgamma], [-Vgamma]])#\n", - "X = linalg.solve(A,B)\n", - "I1=X[0]*1000##mA\n", - "I2=X[1]*1000##mA\n", - "print \"For R=1 kohm\"\n", - "Vx=-Vgamma+50*I1##Volt\n", - "print \"DC source = %0.2f Volts\"%Vx[0,0]\n", - "#Answer is wrong in the textbook." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "For R=1 kohm\n", - "DC source = 2499.50 Volts\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 46 - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -} diff --git a/Advance_Semiconductor_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/chapter5.ipynb b/Advance_Semiconductor_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/chapter5.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 725c9736..00000000 --- a/Advance_Semiconductor_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/chapter5.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,64 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "", - "signature": "" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 1, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Chapter-5 Metal semiconductor field effect transistors" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ex 5.6.1 Pg 5-22" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Given : \n", - "VTN=0.7##V\n", - "W=45##micro m\n", - "L=4##micro m\n", - "mu_n=700##cm**2/V-s\n", - "t_ox=450##Angstrum\n", - "epsilon_ox=3.9*8.85*10**-14##F/cm\n", - "VGS=2*VTN##V\n", - "Kn=(W*10**-4)*mu_n*epsilon_ox/(2*(L*10**-4)*(t_ox*10**-8))##A/V**2\n", - "Kn=Kn*10**3##mA/V**2\n", - "print \"Kn = %0.3f mA/V**2\"%Kn\n", - "ID=Kn*(VGS-VTN)**2##A\n", - "print \"Current = %0.2f mA\"%ID\n", - "#Answer is wrong in the book. Calculation mistake whle calculating value for Kn." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Kn = 0.302 mA/V**2\n", - "Current = 0.15 mA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 3 - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -} |