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-{

- "cells": [

-  {

-   "cell_type": "markdown",

-   "metadata": {},

-   "source": [

-    "#6(B): Superconductivity"

-   ]

-  },

-  {

-   "cell_type": "markdown",

-   "metadata": {},

-   "source": [

-    "##Example number 6.2, Page number 6.55"

-   ]

-  },

-  {

-   "cell_type": "code",

-   "execution_count": 1,

-   "metadata": {

-    "collapsed": false

-   },

-   "outputs": [

-    {

-     "name": "stdout",

-     "output_type": "stream",

-     "text": [

-      "critical field is 33.64 *10**3 ampere/m\n"

-     ]

-    }

-   ],

-   "source": [

-    "#importing modules\n",

-    "import math\n",

-    "from __future__ import division\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Variable declaration\n",

-    "H0=64*10**3;    #initial field(ampere/m)\n",

-    "T=5;    #temperature(K)\n",

-    "Tc=7.26;   #transition temperature(K)\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Calculation\n",

-    "H=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2);     #critical field(ampere/m)\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Result\n",

-    "print \"critical field is\",round(H/10**3,2),\"*10**3 ampere/m\""

-   ]

-  },

-  {

-   "cell_type": "markdown",

-   "metadata": {},

-   "source": [

-    "##Example number 6.3, Page number 6.56"

-   ]

-  },

-  {

-   "cell_type": "code",

-   "execution_count": 4,

-   "metadata": {

-    "collapsed": false

-   },

-   "outputs": [

-    {

-     "name": "stdout",

-     "output_type": "stream",

-     "text": [

-      "Frequency of generated microwaves= 483.0 *10**9 Hz\n"

-     ]

-    }

-   ],

-   "source": [

-    "#importing modules\n",

-    "import math\n",

-    "from __future__ import division\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Variable declaration\n",

-    "e=1.6*10**-19\n",

-    "V=1*10\n",

-    "h=6.625*10**-34\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Calculations\n",

-    "v=(2*e*V**-3)/h \n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Result\n",

-    "print\"Frequency of generated microwaves=\",round(v/10**9),\"*10**9 Hz\"\n"

-   ]

-  },

-  {

-   "cell_type": "markdown",

-   "metadata": {},

-   "source": [

-    "##Example number 6.4, Page number 6.56"

-   ]

-  },

-  {

-   "cell_type": "code",

-   "execution_count": 2,

-   "metadata": {

-    "collapsed": false

-   },

-   "outputs": [

-    {

-     "name": "stdout",

-     "output_type": "stream",

-     "text": [

-      "Number of electrons per unit volume = 3.7 *10**28/m**3\n",

-      "Effective mass of electron 'm*' = 17.3 *10*-31 kg\n",

-      "Penetration depth = 3.81011659367 Angstroms\n",

-      "#The answer given in the text book is wrong\n"

-     ]

-    }

-   ],

-   "source": [

-    "#importing modules\n",

-    "import math\n",

-    "from __future__ import division\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Variable declaration\n",

-    "d=7300                  #density in (kg/m**3)\n",

-    "N=6.02*10**26           #Avagadro Number\n",

-    "A=118.7                 #Atomic Weight\n",

-    "E=1.9                 #Effective mass\n",

-    "e=1.6*10**-19\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Calculations\n",

-    "n=(d*N)/A\n",

-    "m=E*9.1*10**-31\n",

-    "x=4*math.pi*10**-7*n*e**2\n",

-    "lamda_L=math.sqrt(m/x)\n",

-    "      \n",

-    "#Result\n",

-    "print \"Number of electrons per unit volume =\",round(n/10**28,1),\"*10**28/m**3\"\n",

-    "print\"Effective mass of electron 'm*' =\",round(m*10**31,1),\"*10*-31 kg\"\n",

-    "print\"Penetration depth =\",lamda_L*10**8,\"Angstroms\"\n",

-    "print\"#The answer given in the text book is wrong\""

-   ]

-  },

-  {

-   "cell_type": "markdown",

-   "metadata": {

-    "collapsed": true

-   },

-   "source": [

-    "##Example number 6.5, Page number 6.56"

-   ]

-  },

-  {

-   "cell_type": "code",

-   "execution_count": 18,

-   "metadata": {

-    "collapsed": false

-   },

-   "outputs": [

-    {

-     "name": "stdout",

-     "output_type": "stream",

-     "text": [

-      "Tc = 7.0969 K\n",

-      "lamda0= 39.0 nm\n"

-     ]

-    }

-   ],

-   "source": [

-    "#importing modules\n",

-    "import math\n",

-    "from __future__ import division\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Variable declaration\n",

-    "lamda_L1=39.6*10**-9\n",

-    "lamda_L2=173*10**-9\n",

-    "T1=7.1\n",

-    "T2=3\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Calculations\n",

-    "x=(lamda_L1/lamda_L2)**2\n",

-    "Tc4=(T1**4)-((T2**4)*x)/(1-x)\n",

-    "Tc=(Tc4)**(1/4)\n",

-    "print\"Tc =\",round(Tc,4),\"K\"\n",

-    "print\"lamda0=\",round((math.sqrt(1-(T2/Tc)**4)*lamda_L1)*10**9),\"nm\""

-   ]

-  },

-  {

-   "cell_type": "markdown",

-   "metadata": {},

-   "source": [

-    "##Example number 6.6, Page number 6.57"

-   ]

-  },

-  {

-   "cell_type": "code",

-   "execution_count": 24,

-   "metadata": {

-    "collapsed": false

-   },

-   "outputs": [

-    {

-     "name": "stdout",

-     "output_type": "stream",

-     "text": [

-      "Hc = 4.2759 *10**4\n",

-      "Critical current density,Jc = 1.71 *10**8 ampere/metre**2\n"

-     ]

-    }

-   ],

-   "source": [

-    "#importing modules\n",

-    "import math\n",

-    "from __future__ import division\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Variable declaration\n",

-    "H0=6.5*10**4           #(ampere/metre)\n",

-    "T=4.2                  #K\n",

-    "Tc=7.18                #K\n",

-    "r=0.5*10**-3\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Calculations\n",

-    "Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2)\n",

-    "Ic=(2*math.pi*r)*Hc\n",

-    "A=math.pi*r**2\n",

-    "Jc=Ic/A                #Critical current density\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Result\n",

-    "print\"Hc =\",round(Hc/10**4,4),\"*10**4\"\n",

-    "print \"Critical current density,Jc =\",round(Jc/10**8,2),\"*10**8 ampere/metre**2\"\n"

-   ]

-  },

-  {

-   "cell_type": "markdown",

-   "metadata": {},

-   "source": [

-    "##Example number 6.7, Page number 6.57"

-   ]

-  },

-  {

-   "cell_type": "code",

-   "execution_count": 26,

-   "metadata": {

-    "collapsed": false

-   },

-   "outputs": [

-    {

-     "name": "stdout",

-     "output_type": "stream",

-     "text": [

-      "New critical temperature for mercury = 4.145 K\n"

-     ]

-    }

-   ],

-   "source": [

-    "#importing modules\n",

-    "import math\n",

-    "from __future__ import division\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Variable declaration\n",

-    "Tc1=4.185\n",

-    "M1=199.5\n",

-    "M2=203.4\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Calculations\n",

-    "Tc2=Tc1*(M1/M2)**(1/2)\n",

-    "\n",

-    "#Result\n",

-    "print\"New critical temperature for mercury =\",round(Tc2,3),\"K\""

-   ]

-  }

- ],

- "metadata": {

-  "kernelspec": {

-   "display_name": "Python 2",

-   "language": "python",

-   "name": "python2"

-  },

-  "language_info": {

-   "codemirror_mode": {

-    "name": "ipython",

-    "version": 2

-   },

-   "file_extension": ".py",

-   "mimetype": "text/x-python",

-   "name": "python",

-   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",

-   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",

-   "version": "2.7.9"

-  }

- },

- "nbformat": 4,

- "nbformat_minor": 0

-}