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-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% Tutorial slides on Python.
-%
-% Author: Prabhu Ramachandran <prabhu at aero.iitb.ac.in>
-% Copyright (c) 2005-2009, Prabhu Ramachandran
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
-%\documentclass[draft]{beamer}
-%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer}
-%\usepackage{pgfpages} 
-%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm]
-
-% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex
-\mode<presentation>
-{
-  \usetheme{Warsaw}
-  \useoutertheme{split}
-  \setbeamercovered{transparent}
-}
-
-\usepackage[english]{babel}
-\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
-%\usepackage{times}
-\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
-
-% Taken from Fernando's slides.
-\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
-\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
-\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
-
-\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
-
-\usepackage{listings}
-\lstset{language=Python,
-    basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
-    commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
-  stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
-  showstringspaces=false,
-  keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% Macros
-\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black}
-\newcommand{\emphbar}[1]
-{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar} 
-      {#1}
- \end{beamercolorbox}
-}
-\newcounter{time}
-\setcounter{time}{0}
-\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
-
-\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
-
-\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}}  }
-
-%%% This is from Fernando's setup.
-% \usepackage{color}
-% \definecolor{orange}{cmyk}{0,0.4,0.8,0.2}
-% % Use and configure listings package for nicely formatted code
-% \usepackage{listings}
-% \lstset{
-%    language=Python,
-%    basicstyle=\small\ttfamily,
-%    commentstyle=\ttfamily\color{blue},
-%    stringstyle=\ttfamily\color{orange},
-%    showstringspaces=false,
-%    breaklines=true,
-%    postbreak = \space\dots
-% }
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% Title page
-\title[Basic Python]{Python:\\Modular Code, Handling Files and Objects}
-
-\author[FOSSEE Team] {Asokan Pichai\\Prabhu Ramachandran}
-
-\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
-\date[] {10, October 2009\\Day 1, Session 3}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-%\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.75cm]{iitmlogo}{iitmlogo}
-%\logo{\pgfuseimage{iitmlogo}}
-
-
-%% Delete this, if you do not want the table of contents to pop up at
-%% the beginning of each section:
-\AtBeginSection[]
-{
-  \begin{frame}<beamer>
-    \frametitle{Outline}
-    \tableofcontents[currentsection]
-  \end{frame}
-}
-
-
-% If you wish to uncover everything in a step-wise fashion, uncomment
-% the following command: 
-%\beamerdefaultoverlayspecification{<+->}
-
-%\includeonlyframes{current,current1,current2,current3,current4,current5,current6}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% DOCUMENT STARTS
-\begin{document}
-
-\begin{frame}
-  \titlepage
-\end{frame}
-
-\section{\typ{for}, Lists and Tuples}
-
-\begin{frame}{Quick Recap}
-  \begin{itemize}
-    \item List indexing and slicing
-    \item The \kwrd{range()} function
-    \item \kwrd{for}
-    \item Iterating lists and tuples using \kwrd{for} and \kwrd{range()}
-  \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}{Problem 3.1}
-  Which of the earlier problems is simpler when we use \kwrd{for} instead of \kwrd{while}? 
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}{Problem 3.2}
-  Given an empty chessboard and one Bishop placed in any square, say (r, c), generate the list of all squares the Bishop could move to.
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-  \frametitle{Problem 3.3}
-
-  Given two real numbers \typ{a, b}, and an integer \typ{N}, write a
-  function named \typ{linspace( a, b, N)} that returns an ordered list
-  of \typ{N} points starting with \typ{a} and ending in \typ{b} and
-  equally spaced.\\
-
-  For example, \typ{linspace(0, 5, 11)}, should return, \\
-\begin{lstlisting}
-[ 0.0 ,  0.5,  1.0 ,  1.5,  2.0 ,  2.5,  
-  3.0 ,  3.5,  4.0 ,  4.5,  5.0 ]
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-  \frametitle{Problem 3.4}
-
-Use the \typ{linspace} function and generate a list of N tuples of the form\\
-\typ{[($x_1$,f($x_1$)),($x_2$,f($x_2$)),\ldots,($x_N$,f($x_N$))]}\\for the following functions,\begin{itemize}
-  \item \typ{f(x) = sin(x)}
-  \item \typ{f(x) = sin(x) + sin(10*x)}.
-\end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-  \frametitle{Problem 3.5}
-
-  Using the tuples generated earlier, determine the intervals where the roots of the functions lie.
-
-  \inctime{15}
-\end{frame}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% TIME: 15 m, running 185m 
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-\section{Parsing}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-  \frametitle{Simple tokenizing and parsing}
-  \begin{lstlisting}
-s = """The quick brown fox jumped
-       over the lazy dog"""
-for word in s.split():
-    print word.capitalize()
-  \end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-  \frametitle{Problem 4.1}
-  Given a string like, ``1, 3-7, 12, 15, 18-21'', produce the list \\
-  \begin{lstlisting}
-    [1,3,4,5,6,7,12,15,18,19,20,21]
-  \end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-\section{Input/Output}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-  \frametitle{File handling}
-\begin{lstlisting}
->>> f = open('/path/to/file_name')
->>> data = f.read() # Read entire file.
->>> line = f.readline() # Read one line.
->>> f.close() # close the file.
-\end{lstlisting}
-Writing files
-\begin{lstlisting}
->>> f = open('/path/to/file_name', 'w')
->>> f.write('hello world\n')
->>> f.close()
-\end{lstlisting}
-\begin{itemize}
-    \item Everything read or written is a string
-\end{itemize}
-\emphbar{Try \typ{file?} for more help}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-    \frametitle{File and \kwrd{for}}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-$ cat dummyfile
-One 1
-Two 2
-Three 3
-Four 4
-Five 5
-Six 6
-Seven 7
-Eight 8
-Nine 9
-Ten 10
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-    \frametitle{File and \kwrd{for}}
-\begin{lstlisting}
->>> f = open('dummyfile')
->>> for line in f:
-...     print line
-...
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-    \frametitle{File and \kwrd{for}}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In [1]: f = open('dummyfile')
-
-In [2]: for line in f:
-   ...:     print line
-   ...:  
-\end{lstlisting}
-
-\begin{columns}
-  \column{0.3\textwidth}
-
-\begin{lstlisting}
-One 1
-
-Two 2
-
-Three 3
-\end{lstlisting}
-  \column{0.6\textwidth}
-\pause
-\begin{block}{What happens when ...}
-the \kwrd{print line} is replaced by \kwrd{print line,}
-\end{block}
-\end{columns}
-\ldots
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}{Problem 4.2}
-    The given file has lakhs of records in the form:\\
-    \typ{RGN;ID;NAME;MARK1;\ldots;MARK5;TOTAL;PFW}\\
-    Some entries may be empty.  Read the data from this file and print the
-    name of the student with the maximum total marks.
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}{Problem 4.3}
-    For the same data file compute the average marks in different
-    subjects, the student with the maximum mark in each subject and also
-    the standard deviation of the marks.  Do this efficiently.
-
-    \inctime{30}
-\end{frame}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% TIME: 30 m, running 215m 
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-\section{Modules}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-    {Modules}
-\begin{lstlisting}
->>> sqrt(2)
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
-NameError: name 'sqrt' is not defined
->>> import math        
->>> math.sqrt(2)
-1.4142135623730951
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-    {Modules}
-  \begin{itemize}
-    \item The \kwrd{import} keyword ``loads'' a module
-    \item One can also use:
-      \begin{lstlisting}
->>> from math import sqrt
->>> from math import *
-      \end{lstlisting}    
-    \item What is the difference?
-    \item \alert{Use the latter only in interactive mode}
-    \end{itemize}
-  \emphbar{Package hierarchies}
-      \begin{lstlisting}
->>> from os.path import exists
-      \end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}
-  \frametitle{Modules: Standard library}
-  \begin{itemize}
-  \item Very powerful, ``Batteries included''
-  \item Some standard modules:
-    \begin{itemize}
-    \item Math: \typ{math}, \typ{random}
-    \item Internet access: \typ{urllib2}, \typ{smtplib}
-    \item System, Command line arguments: \typ{sys}
-    \item Operating system interface: \typ{os}
-    \item Regular expressions: \typ{re}
-    \item Compression: \typ{gzip}, \typ{zipfile}, and \typ{tarfile}
-    \item And a whole lot more!
-    \end{itemize}
-  \item Check out the Python Library reference:
-    \url{http://docs.python.org/library/}
-  \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-    {Modules of special interest}
-    \begin{description}[matplotlibfor2d]
-
-        \item[\typ{numpy}] Efficient, powerful numeric arrays
-
-        \item[\typ{matplotlib}] Easy, interactive, 2D plotting
-
-        \item[\typ{scipy}] statistics, optimization, integration, linear
-            algebra, Fourier transforms, signal and image processing,
-            genetic algorithms, ODE solvers, special functions, and more
-
-        \item[Mayavi] Easy, interactive, 3D plotting
-
-    \end{description}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-    {Creating your own modules}
-  \begin{itemize}
-  \item Define variables, functions and classes in a file with a
-    \typ{.py} extension
-  \item This file becomes a module!
-  \item Accessible when in the current directory
-  \item Use \typ{cd} in IPython to change directory
-
-  \item Naming your module
-      \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-  \frametitle{Modules: example}
-  \begin{lstlisting}
-# --- arith.py ---
-def gcd(a, b):
-    if a%b == 0: return b
-    return gcd(b, a%b)
-def lcm(a, b):
-    return a*b/gcd(a, b)
-# ------------------
->>> import arith
->>> arith.gcd(26, 65)
-13
->>> arith.lcm(26, 65)
-130
-  \end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-  \frametitle{Problem 5.1}
-
-  Put all the functions you have written so far as part of the problems
-  into one module called \typ{bprim.py} and use this module from IPython.
-
-\inctime{25}
-\end{frame}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% TIME: 25 m, running 230m 
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-\section{Coding Style}
-\begin{frame}{Readability and Consistency}
-    \begin{itemize}
-        \item Readability Counts!\\Code is read more often than its written.
-        \item Consistency!
-        \item Know when to be inconsistent.
-      \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-  \frametitle{Code Layout}
-  \begin{itemize}
-        \item Indentation
-        \item Tabs or Spaces??
-        \item Maximum Line Length
-        \item Blank Lines
-        \item Encodings
-   \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}{Whitespaces in Expressions}
-  \begin{itemize}
-        \item When to use extraneous whitespaces??
-        \item When to avoid extra whitespaces??
-        \item Use one statement per line
-   \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}{Comments}
-  \begin{itemize}
-        \item No comments better than contradicting comments
-        \item Block comments
-        \item Inline comments
-   \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}{Docstrings}
-  \begin{itemize}
-        \item When to write docstrings?
-        \item Ending the docstrings
-        \item One liner docstrings
-   \end{itemize}
-More information at PEP8: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/
-\inctime{10}
-\end{frame}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% TIME: 10 m, running 240m 
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-\section{Objects}
-\begin{frame}{Objects in general}
-    \begin{itemize}
-        \item What is an Object? (Types and classes)
-        \item identity
-        \item type
-        \item method
-      \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}{Almost everything is an Object!}
-  \begin{itemize}
-    \item \typ{list}
-    \item \typ{tuple}
-    \item \typ{string}
-    \item \typ{dictionary}
-    \item \typ{function}
-    \item Of course, user defined class objects!
-  \end{itemize}
-\end {frame}
-
-\begin{frame}{Using Objects}
-  \begin{itemize}
-    \item Creating Objects: Initialization
-    \item Object Manipulation: Object methods and ``.'' operator
-  \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-  \frametitle{IPython Examples}
-  \begin{lstlisting}
-In [1]: l = [] #Initialising a list object
-In [2]: l?
-In [3]: l.<tab>
-  \end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-  \frametitle{Objects provide consistency}
-  \small
-  \begin{lstlisting}
-for element in (1, 2, 3):
-    print element
-for key in {'one':1, 'two':2}:
-    print key
-for char in "123":
-    print char
-for line in open("myfile.txt"):
-    print line
-for line in urllib2.urlopen('http://site.com'):
-    print line
-  \end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}{And the winner is \ldots OBJECTS!}
-  All objects providing a similar inteface can be used the same way.\\
-  Functions (and others) are first-class objects. Can be passed to and returned from functions.
-  \inctime{10}
-\end{frame}
-
-\section{Summary}
-
-\begin{frame}{What have we learnt so far?}
-  \begin{itemize}
-  \item Operating on lists and tuples using \kwrd{for}
-  \item Simple string tokenizing and parsing
-  \item Writing to and Reading from files using \kwrd{for}
-  \item Using and writing Python Modules
-  \item Coding Style
-  \item Objects in Python
-  \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\end{document}