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.. Objectives
.. ----------
.. By the end of this tutorial, you will be able to
.. * Create sets from lists
.. * Perform union, intersection and symmetric difference operations
.. * Check if a set is a subset of other
.. * understand various similarities with lists like length and containership
.. Prerequisites
.. -------------
.. 1. Getting started with lists
.. Author : Nishanth Amuluru
Internal Reviewer : Punch
External Reviewer :
Language Reviewer : Bhanukiran
Checklist OK? : <15-11-2010, Anand, OK> [2010-10-05]
Script
------
{{{ Show the slide containing title }}}
Hello friends and welcome to the tutorial on Sets
{{{ Show the slide containing the outline slide }}}
In this tutorial, we shall learn
* sets
* operations on sets
Sets are data structures which contain unique elements. In other words,
duplicates are not allowed in sets.
Lets look at how to input sets.
type
::
a_list = [1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 2]
a = set(a_list)
a
We can see that duplicates are removed and the set contains only unique
elements.
::
f10 = set([1, 2, 3, 5, 8])
p10 = set([2, 3, 5, 7])
f10 is the set of fibonacci numbers from 1 to 10.
p10 is the set of prime numbers from 1 to 10.
Various operations that we do on sets are possible here also.
The | (pipe) character stands for union
::
f10 | p10
gives us the union of f10 and p10
The & character stands for intersection.
::
f10 & p10
gives the intersection
similarly,
::
f10 - p10
gives all the elements that are in f10 but not in p10
::
f10 ^ p10
is all the elements in f10 union p10 but not in f10 intersection p10. In
mathematical terms, it gives the symmectric difference.
Sets also support checking of subsets.
::
b = set([1, 2])
b < f10
gives a ``True`` since b is a proper subset of f10.
Similarly,
::
f10 < f10
gives a ``False`` since f10 is not a proper subset.
hence the right way to do would be
::
f10 <= f10
and we get a ``True`` since every set is a subset of itself.
Sets can be iterated upon just like lists and tuples.
::
for i in f10:
print i,
prints the elements of f10.
The length and containership check on sets is similar as in lists and tuples.
::
len(f10)
shows 5. And
::
1 in f10
2 in f10
prints ``True`` and ``False`` respectively
The order in which elements are organised in a set is not to be relied upon
since sets do not support indexing. Hence, slicing and striding are not valid
on sets.
{{{ Pause here and try out the following exercises }}}
%% 1 %% Given a list of marks, marks = [20, 23, 22, 23, 20, 21, 23]
list all the duplicates
{{{ continue from paused state }}}
Duplicates marks are the marks left out when we remove each element of the
list exactly one time.
::
marks = [20, 23, 22, 23, 20, 21, 23]
marks_set = set(marks)
for mark in marks_set:
marks.remove(mark)
# we are now left with only duplicates in the list marks
duplicates = set(marks)
{{{ Show summary slide }}}
This brings us to the end of the tutorial.
we have learnt
* How to make sets from lists
* How to input sets
* How to perform union, intersection and symmetric difference operations
* How to check if a set is a subset of other
* The various similarities with lists like length and containership
{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
Thank you!
|
