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diff --git a/dictionary.org b/dictionary.org deleted file mode 100644 index fd5761f..0000000 --- a/dictionary.org +++ /dev/null @@ -1,126 +0,0 @@ -* Dictionaries -*** Outline -***** Dictionaries -***** Sets -***** Arsenal Required -*** Script - Welcome friends. - - In previous tutorial we covered Lists, Tuples and related - functions. In this session we shall continue with Python - data structures and cover Dictionaries and sets. We have already - covered some basics of Dictionaries in session on Statistics. Here - we shall revisit those concepts and some new ones. - - We give it a name and it returns a corresponding number. - Dictionaries are just key-value pair. For each 'key' there is - corresponding 'value' associated with it. In lists we use indexes - to access elements, here we use the 'key'. - - Lets start by opening IPython interpreter. - '{}' are used to create Python dictionaries. Lets create a dictionary say - - player = {'Mat': 134,'Inn': 233, - 'Runs': 10823, 'Avg': 52.53} - Let's see what player contains by typing: - - print player - - Its a dictionary storing statistics of a cricket player. - Here 'Mat', 'Inn' etc are the keys. Now in order to get the 'average' of - this player we simply type - print player['Avg'] - 52.53 - - To add a new key-value pair to this dictionary we type - player['Name'] = 'Rahul Dravid' - print player - As you can see the given key-value pair has been added. - Please note that Python dictionaries don't maintain the order - in which the key-value pairs are stored. The order might change - as we add new entries. - - In dictionaries Duplicate keys are overwritten, that is when we do - player['Mat'] = 139 - It wont create a new entry, rather it will simply overwrite previous - value with the new one. So - print player - will have updated value - - As we covered in one of previous sessions 'for' can be used to iterate - through lists. The same is possible in case of dictionaries too. We can - iterate over them using the 'keys', for example: - for key in player: - print key, player[key] - This prints the keys in the dictionary along with their corresponding - values. Notice that the order is not the same as we entered it. - - We saw how containership works in lists. There we can check if a - value is present in a list or not but in case of Dictionaries we - can only check for the containership of the keys. so - 'Inn' in player - returns True - 'Econ' in Player - returns False as there is no such 'key' - If you try to look or search for a 'value' it will not work. - Dictionaries support functions to retrieve keys and values - such as - player.keys() - returns the list of all 'keys' - player.values() - return list of all 'values' - - Now we shall move on to 'sets'. Sets in Python are an unordered - collection of unique elements. This data structure comes in handy in - situations while removing duplicates from a sequence, and computing - standard math operations on sets such as intersection, union, - difference, and symmetric difference. - - Lets start by creating a set - f10 = set([1,2,3,5,8]) - And thats how a set is created. - f10 is the set of Fibonacci numbers less than 10 - lets print the value of f10 - print f10 - - As we mentioned earlier, these are unordered structure so order of - elements is not maintained, and output order is different than - input order, just as in dictionaries. Lets create one more set, a set of - all prime numbers less than 10 - p10 = set([2,3,5,7]) - print p10. - - To get union of these two sets we use the or '|' operator - f10 | p10 - - For intersection we use the and '&' operator: - f10 & p10 - - f10 - p10 gives difference between f10 and p10, that is, the set of all elements - present in f10 but not in p10. - The carat '^' operator gives us the symmetric difference of 2 sets. That is - f10 union p10 minus f10 intersection p10 - f10 ^ p10 - - To check if a set is the super set or a subset of another set, the greater than - and the lesser than operators are used - set([2,3]) < p10 - returns True as p10 is superset of given set - - Similar to lists and dictionaries, sets also supports containership so - 2 in p10 - returns True as 2 is part of set p10 and - 4 in p10 - returns False. - - The 'len' function works with sets also: - len(f10) returns the length, which is 5 in this case. - We can also use 'for' loops to iterate through a set just as with dictionaries and lists. - - With this we come to the end of this tutorial on Dictionaries and - sets. We have seen how to initialize dictionaries, how to index them using keys - and a few functions supported by dictionaries. We then saw how to initialize - sets, perform various set operations and a few functions supported - by sets. Hope you have enjoyed it, Thank you. - -*** Notes |