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author | Madhusudan.C.S | 2010-09-13 18:38:34 +0530 |
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committer | Madhusudan.C.S | 2010-09-13 18:38:34 +0530 |
commit | ee35ca144e25b6b6227e241c3eaceceeff7a0992 (patch) | |
tree | be479926044bbfbbf0d1636866c19c475805810a /strings.org | |
parent | 42f81a9f3e5e78b11206b2e46d7e6f0be3d19d77 (diff) | |
download | st-scripts-ee35ca144e25b6b6227e241c3eaceceeff7a0992.tar.gz st-scripts-ee35ca144e25b6b6227e241c3eaceceeff7a0992.tar.bz2 st-scripts-ee35ca144e25b6b6227e241c3eaceceeff7a0992.zip |
Removed all files to start working on ID based spoken tutorials scripts.
Diffstat (limited to 'strings.org')
-rw-r--r-- | strings.org | 214 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 214 deletions
diff --git a/strings.org b/strings.org deleted file mode 100644 index fdbba55..0000000 --- a/strings.org +++ /dev/null @@ -1,214 +0,0 @@ -* Strings -*** Outline -***** Strings -******* basic manipulation -******* operations -******* immutability -******* string methods -******* split and join -******* formatting - printf style -***** Simple IO -******* raw_input -******* console output -***** Odds and Ends -******* dynamic typing -******* comments -***** Arsenal Required -******* lists -******* writing to files -*** Script - Welcome friends. - - In the previous tutorial we have looked at data types for dealing - with numbers. In this tutorial we shall look at strings. We shall - look at how to do elementary string manipulation, and simple input - and output operations. - - In this tuotrial we shall use concepts of writing python scripts and - basics of lists that have been covered in previous session - - Lets get started by opening ipython interpreter. - We shall create some - a string by typing - - a = open single quote 'This is a string' close single quote - print a - a contains the string - we can check for datatype of a by using type(a) and shows it is 'str' - - consider the case when string contains single quote. - for example I'll be back - to store these kind of strings, we use double quotes - type - b = open double quote "I'll be back" close double quote - print b ptints the value - - IN python, anything enlosed in quotes is a string. Does not matter - if they are single quotes or double quotes. - - There is - also a special type of string enclosed in triple single quotes or triple double - quotes. - - so when you do - c = '''Iam also a string''' - print c - and c is also string variable - and even - d = """And one more.""" - print d - d is also a string - - These strings enclosed in triple quotes are special type of strings, called docstrings, and they shall - be discussed in detail along with functions - - We know elements in lists and arrays can be accessed with indices. - similarly string elements - can also be accessed with their indexes. and here also, indexing starts from 0 - - so - print a[0] gives us 'T' which is the first character - print a[5] gives us 'i' which is 6th character. - - The len function, which we used with lists and arrays, works with - strings too. - len(a) gives us the length of string a - - Python's strings support the + and * operations - + concatenates two strings. - so a + b gives us the two srtings concatenated - and * is used for replicating a string for given number of times. - so a * 4 gives us a replicated 4 times - - What do you think would happen when you do a * a? - It's obviously an error since, it doesn't make any logical sense. - - One thing to note about strings, is that they are immutable, which means when yo do - a[0] = 't'it throws an error - - Then how does one go about doing strings manipulations. Python provides - 'methods' for doing various manipulations on strings. For example - - - a.upper() returns a string with all letters capitalized. - - and a.lower() returns a string with all smaller case letters. - - there are many other methods available and we shall use Ipython auto suggestion feature to find out - - type a. and hit tab - we can see there are many methods available in python for string manipulation - - lets us try startswith - a.startswith('Thi') - returns True if the string starts with the argument passed. - - similarly there's endswith - a.endswith('ING') - - We've seen the use of split function in the previous - tutorials. split returns a list after splitting the string on the - given argument. - alist = a.split() - will give list with four elements. - print alist - - Python also has a 'join' function, which does the opposite of what - split does. - ' '.join(alist) will return the original string a. - This function takes list of elements(in our case alist) to be joined. - '-'.join(alist) will return a string with the spaces in the string - 'a' replaced with hyphens. - - please note that after all these operations, the original string is not changed. - and print a prints the original string - - At times we want our output or message in a particular - format with variables embedded, something like printf in C. For - those situations python provides a provision. First lets create some - variables say - - In []: x, y = 1, 1.234 - - In []: print 'x is %s, y is %s' %(x, y) - Out[]: 'x is 1, y is 1.234' - Here %s means string, you can also try %d or %f for integer and - float values respectively. - * formatting - printf style * - - we have seen how to output data - Now we shall look at taking input from the console. - - The raw_input function allows us to take input from the console. - type a = raw_input() and hit enter - now python is waiting for input - type 5 and hit enter - - we can check for the value of a by typing print a and we see that it is 5 - - raw_input also allows us to give a prompt string. - we type - a = raw_input("Enter a value: ") - and we see that the string given as argument is prompted at the user. - 5 - Note that a, is now a string variable and not an integer. - type(a) - raw_input takes input only as a string - - we cannot do mathematical operations on it - but we can use type conversion similar to that shown in previous tutorial - - b = int(a) - a has now been converted to an integer and stored in b - type(b) gives int - b can be used here for mathematical operations. - - For console output, we have been using print which is pretty straightforward. - - We shall look at a subtle feature of the print statement. - - Open scite editor and type - print "Hello" - print "World" - We save the file as hello1.py run it from the ipython interpreter. Make - sure you navigate to the place, where you have saved it. - %run hello1.py - - Now we make a small change to the code snippet and save it in the - file named "hello2.py" - print "Hello", - print "World" - We now run this file, from the ipython interpreter. - %run hello2.py - - - Note the difference in the output. - The comma adds a space at the end of the line, instead - of a new line character that is normally added. - - Before we wind up, a couple of miscellaneous things. - As you may have already noticed, Python is a dynamically typed - language, that is you don't have to specify the type of a variable - when using a new one. You don't have to do anything special, to 'reuse' - a variable that was of int type as a float or string. - - a = 1 and here a is integer - lets store a float value in a by doing - a = 1.1 - and print a - now a is float - a = "Now I am a string!" - - Comments in Python start with a pound or hash sign. Anything after - a #, until the end of the line is considered a comment, except of - course, if the hash is in a string. - a = 1 # in-line comments - - pritn a and we see that comment is not a part of variable a - - a = "# not a comment" - - we come to the end of this tutorial on strings - In this tutorial we have learnt what are supported operations on strings - and how to perform simple Input and Output operations in Python. - -*** Notes |