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+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+   
+   .. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to:
+   
+   ..   1. Know what is linux and it's need.
+   ..   
+   ..   2. Move around in directories and files.
+   ..   3. Use basic commands of Linux.
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+..   1. None
+
+ 
+Script
+------
+
+.. L1
+
+{{{ Show the  first slide containing title, name of the production
+team along with the logo of MHRD }}}
+
+.. R1
+
+Hello friends and Welcome to the tutorial on 
+'Using linux tools - Part 1'.
+
+.. L2
+
+{{{ Show slide with objectives }}} 
+
+.. R2
+
+At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to,
+
+ 1. Know what is linux and it's need.
+ #. Move around in directories and files.
+ #. Use basic commands of Linux.
+
+.. L3
+
+{{{ Switch to slide, what is linux OS }}}
+
+.. R3
+
+Linux (sometimes called GNU/Linux) is a Free and Open Source Operating
+System that is inspired by Unix and runs on a variety of hardware
+platforms.
+
+Linux is a modular operating system, with it's basic design based on the
+principles established in Unix. It consists of an important and central
+piece called the Linux kernel, which, manages system resources like process
+control, networking, peripherals and file system access. This is
+complemented by the application software, written on top of the kernel that
+give the higher level functionality that facilitate the user to carry out
+various tasks.
+
+.. L4
+
+{{{ Switch to slide, Why Linux? }}}
+
+.. R4
+
+GNU/Linux can be downloaded in its entirety from the Internet completely
+for free with no registration fees, no costs per user, free updates, and
+freely available source code.
+The security model used in Linux is based on the UNIX idea of security,
+which is known to be robust and of proven quality. Also, there are no
+viruses in the GNU/Linux world.
+
+We can share our operating system and the libraries that we are using
+with our co-workers, without any headaches of licensing.
+There are a host of tools and libraries, that are useful in day-to-day 
+scientific computing work.GNU/Linux distributions are very stable and 
+known for their up-time. We don't have the fear of losing our 
+computational work, due to system crashes.
+
+.. L5
+
+{{{ Switch to slide, Logging in }}}
+
+.. R5
+
+Let's begin with logging into our system. The GNU/Linux OS supports
+multiple users and each user logs in with his/her user-name and password.
+You can log-in once you provide your authentication details.
+
+It is a popular misconception that GNU/Linux doesn't have a GUI (Graphical
+user interface). It does have a fully functional GUI, but for the purpose
+of this course we shall start with using the CLI (Command line interface).
+Once your system has booted up, hit ``Ctrl + Alt + F1`` to switch to the
+command line interface.
+
+You can log out using the ``logout`` command. 
+
+.. R6
+
+Now hit ``Ctrl + Alt + F7`` and come back to the GUI. For the purpose
+of the spoken tutorials, we shall use the terminal on the GUI.
+
+.. L6
+
+{{{ Open the terminal }}}
+
+.. R7
+
+Now that we have logged in, where are we? 
+To find out the present working directory, we use the ``pwd`` command. 
+
+.. L7
+::
+
+    pwd
+
+.. R8
+
+Now, to see what is in the current directory, we use the ``ls`` command.
+
+.. L8
+::
+
+    ls
+
+.. R9
+
+It gives us a list of all the files in our present working directory.
+``ls`` command takes the directory, in which we want to see the list of
+files present, as an argument. To see all the files present in the
+``Music`` directory, we say
+
+.. L9
+::
+
+    ls Music
+
+.. R10
+
+Note that everything in GNU/Linux and the Unix world is case sensitive.
+
+As you can see, our home folder has two html files.
+What if we wanted the files to be more organized? Say,
+we would like to put all our work during this course in a separate
+directory. Let us now create a directory ``sdes`` by saying
+
+.. L10
+::
+
+    mkdir sees
+
+.. R11
+
+Type ``ls`` to see that a new directory has been
+created. 
+
+.. L11
+::
+
+    ls
+
+.. L12
+
+{{{ Switch to slide, New folders }}}
+
+.. R12
+
+Also, note that special characters need to be escaped. For example if we
+wanted to create a directory with the name ``software engineering``, we do
+it either as
+
+     mkdir software\ engineering
+
+or as
+
+     mkdir "software engineering"
+
+But it is generally a practice to use hyphens or underscores instead of
+spaces in filenames and directory names.
+Also in modern GNU/Linux filesystems all characters except the forward 
+slash are allowed.
+
+.. R13
+
+Now that we have seen how to create a new empty directory and navigate into
+it, let us create a new blank file. We use the ``touch`` command for this.
+
+.. L13
+
+{{{ Switch to the termninal }}}
+::
+
+    pwd
+    cd sees
+    touch first
+
+.. R14
+
+This creates a file named first in our present working directory. Use the
+``ls`` command to see that the file has been created.
+
+.. L14
+::
+
+    ls 
+
+.. R15
+
+To get a quick description of the command, we could use the ``whatis``
+command. It gives a short one-line description of the command that is
+passed as an argument to it. For example, 
+
+.. L15
+::
+
+    whatis touch
+
+.. R16
+
+To get a more detailed description of the command,
+we use the ``man`` command.
+
+.. L16
+::
+
+    man touch
+
+.. R17
+
+This page gives a detailed description of the command. We can see that the
+``touch`` command has a whole host of options that can be passed to it.
+Every command in Linux has such a list of options that can be passed to the
+command to do specific tasks. Hit the ``q`` key to quit the ``man`` page.
+
+To see the manual on man itself do,
+
+.. L17
+::
+
+    man man
+
+.. L18
+
+{{{ Switch to slide, Using additional options }}}
+
+.. R18
+
+As you may have observed, often the ``man`` page is a bit too much for
+quickly cross checking what option to use for a specific task. For this
+kind of quick look-up, most of the commands come with a -h or --help
+option. This gives a brief description of the options available for that
+command.
+
+Pause the video here, try out the following exercise and resume the video.
+
+.. L19
+
+{{{ Show slide with exercise 1 }}}
+
+.. R19
+
+Which option should be used with ``ls`` command to list all the directories,
+sub-directories and files contained in it? 
+Hint: Use ``man`` or ``--help`` 
+
+.. R20
+
+Switch to terminal for solution. 
+
+.. L20
+ 
+{{{continue from paused state}}}
+{{{ Switch to the terminal }}}
+::
+
+    ls -R
+
+.. R21
+
+This lists out all the files in the sub-tree of the current directory,
+recursively.
+
+.. L21
+
+.. R22
+
+When you wish to create a new directory deep inside a directory structure,
+using a ``-p`` option with the ``mkdir`` command would be useful. For
+example,if we wish to create a folder ``scripts`` inside the directory
+``linux-tools`` inside the directory ``sees``, we could simply say,
+
+.. L22
+::
+
+    pwd
+    mkdir -p sees/linux-tools/scripts
+
+.. R23
+
+Let's now say, we wish to remove a directory or a file. How do we find out
+what command to use? We use the ``apropos`` command to search for commands
+based on their descriptions. To search for the command to remove a
+file/directory say,
+
+.. L23
+::
+
+    apropos remove
+
+.. R24
+
+This gives us a whole list of commands that have the word ``remove``, in
+their description. Looking through the list tells us that ``rm`` or
+``rmdir`` is the command to use.
+
+.. L24
+
+.. L25
+
+{{{ Show summary slide }}}
+
+.. R25
+
+This brings us to the end of the tutorial.In this tutorial, we have learnt to,
+
+ 1. Understand the basic structure of linux and it's need.
+ #. Move around in directories and files.
+ #. Use commands like ``mkdir`` and ``rmdir`` to make and remove directories 
+    respectively.
+ #. Use commands such as ``man`` and ``whatis`` to get a description of 
+    what a particular command does.
+
+.. L26
+ 
+{{{ Show self assessment questions slide }}}
+
+.. R26
+
+Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve
+
+1. Which is the default directory after logging into the terminal?
+
+2. How to view file attributes with ls command?
+
+.. L27
+
+{{{ Solution of self assessment questions on slide }}}
+
+.. R27
+
+And the answers,
+
+1. It logins to user's home(/home/user)
+
+2. In order to view the attributes of a file, we use the -l option with 
+   the ls command.
+
+::
+
+    ls -l <filename>  
+
+.. L28
+
+{{{ Show the Thankyou slide }}}
+
+.. R28
+
+Hope you have enjoyed this tutorial and found it useful.
+Thank you!
+