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diff --git a/lecture-notes/latex/slides.tex b/lecture-notes/latex/slides.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea23cf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/lecture-notes/latex/slides.tex @@ -0,0 +1,694 @@ +\documentclass{beamer} +\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} +\usepackage{fixltx2e} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{longtable} +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{wrapfig} +\usepackage{soul} +\usepackage{textcomp} +\usepackage{marvosym} +\usepackage{wasysym} +\usepackage{latexsym} +\usepackage{amssymb} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\tolerance=1000 +\usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl} +\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet} +\usepackage{listings} +\lstset{ + language=TeX, + basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries, + commentstyle=\ttfamily\color{blue}, + stringstyle=\ttfamily\color{orange}, + showstringspaces=false, + breaklines=true, + postbreak = \space\dots +} + +\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}} + +\mode<presentation> +{ + \usetheme{Warsaw} + \useoutertheme{infolines} + \setbeamercovered{transparent} +} + + +\title{\LaTeX} +\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE} +\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT + Bombay} +\date{} + +%% Delete this, if you do not want the table of contents to pop up at +%% the beginning of each subsection: +\AtBeginSubsection[] +{ + \begin{frame}<beamer> + \frametitle{Outline} + \tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection] + \end{frame} +} + +\AtBeginSection[] +{ + \begin{frame}<beamer> + \frametitle{Outline} + \tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection] + \end{frame} +} + +\begin{document} + +% Document title +\begin{frame} + \maketitle +\end{frame} + +\section{Introduction} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{{\LaTeX} - Introduction} + \begin{itemize} + \item Typesetting program + \begin{itemize} + \item What is typesetting? + \end{itemize} + \item Excellently Typeset Documents - specially Math + \item Anything from one page articles to huge books + \item Pronounced \emph{Lah-tech} or \emph{Lay-tech} + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Why \LaTeX?} + \begin{itemize} + \item Excellent visual quality! + \item Handles the typesetting; Lets you focus on content + \item Makes writing math extremely simple + \item It is a standard -- widely used in Scientific community + \end{itemize} + \begin{block}{} + \[\tilde{N}_{\mathbf{x}}\times \mathbf{r}(\mathbf{x}) f_{1k}(\mathbf{x},t) - \frac{1}{2} \tilde{N} \tilde{N}:\mathbf{BB}^{T}P(\mathbf{x},t) = -m_{k}f_{1k}(\mathbf{x},t) + 2 \mathop{\mathbf{\aa}}_{j=1}^{K} f_{1j}(\mathbf{x},t)m_{j}P_{k|j} \] + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Course Outline} + \begin{itemize} + \item Look at the sample document - \typ{sample.pdf} + \begin{itemize} + \item Title, Author, Date + \item Abstract + \item Sections \& Subsections + \item Appendix + \item References/Bibliography + \item Tables + \item Figures + \item Math + \end{itemize} + \item The document will be produced by the end of the course. + \item First Hour - Basic Structure + \item Second Hour - Text, Tables, Figures, References + \item Third Hour - Math, Bibliography, Presentations + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{\LaTeX~ as a Mark-up} + \begin{itemize} + \item {\LaTeX} is a document based mark-up + \item Mark-up --- a system of annotating text, adding extra + information to specify structure and presentation of text + \item Document based markup $\rightarrow$ you don't have to worry + about each element individually + \item Allows you to focus on content, rather than appearance. + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Typesetting a minimal document} + \begin{itemize} + \item Write the sample code into the file \typ{draft.tex}\\ + {\tiny See \typ{hg} rev0 of draft} + \item To compile, (in terminal) \\ + \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] + $ pdflatex draft.tex + \end{lstlisting} %%$ + \item This produces the output file \typ{draft.pdf} + \item \alert{Note:} \typ{latex} vs. \typ{pdflatex} + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Commands \& Environments} + \begin{itemize} + \item {\LaTeX} is case sensitive + \item Commands begin with a \typ{\\} + \item Environments have a \typ{\\begin} and \typ{\\end} + \item Any content after the \typ{\\end\{document\}} is ignored + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Comments \& Special Characters} + \begin{itemize} + \item Anything that follows a \typ{\%} symbol till end of the line + is a comment + \item Special characters (\typ{\~ \# \$ \^ \& \_ \{ \}}) are escaped by a + \typ{\\} + \item \typ{\\} symbol is inserted using \typ{\\textbackslash} + command + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Spacing} + \begin{itemize} + \item \typ{\\\\} inserts a new line in the output + \item An empty line marks the beginning of a new paragraph + \item Multiple spaces (or empty lines) are equivalent to a single + space (or empty line) + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\section{Adding Structure} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{\typ{documentclass}} + \begin{itemize} + \item Used to select the \emph{class} of our document + \item Some available classes - \typ{article}, \typ{proc}, + \typ{report}, \typ{book}, \typ{slides}, \typ{letter}. + \item For example: + \typ{\\documentclass\[12pt,a4paper,draft\]\{report\}}\\ + The parameters within \typ{\[ \]} are optional. + \begin{itemize} + \item \typ{12pt} -- sets the font size of main font and others are + relatively, adjusted. \typ{10pt} is the default. + \item \typ{a4paper} -- specify paper size + \item \typ{draft} -- marks hyphenation and justification problems in + typesetting with a square in the margin + \end{itemize} + + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Top Matter} + Let's add the title, author's name and the date. + \begin{itemize} + \item Add title, author and date. + \item Compile. + \item Nothing changes. + \end{itemize} + {\tiny See \typ{hg} rev1 of draft.} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Top Matter \ldots} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline{\maketitle} command inserts the top-matter. + \item Add the command to the document \& compile again. + \item If no date is specified, today's date is automatically + inserted. + \end{itemize} + \tiny{See \typ{hg} rev2 of draft.} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Abstract} + \begin{itemize} + \item \typ{abstract} environment inserts abstract. + \item Place it at the location where you want your abstract. + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev3 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Sectioning} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline{\section}, \lstinline{\subsection} + \lstinline{\subsubsection} + \item Auto numbered sections! + \item \typ{*} to prevent numbering of a section + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev4 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Sectioning \ldots} + \begin{itemize} + \item Longer documents, use \lstinline{report} or \lstinline{book} + class + \item Chapter can be added using \lstinline{\chapter} + \end{itemize} + \begin{lstlisting} + \documentclass{report} + + \chapter{One} + \end{lstlisting} + \begin{itemize} + \item subsections do not get numbering + \item Change \lstinline{secnumdepth} + \end{itemize} + \begin{lstlisting} + \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} + \end{lstlisting} + \tiny See rev5 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Appendices} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline{\appendix} command indicates the beginning of + Appendices. + \item Any content after \lstinline{\appendix}, will be added to the + appendix + \item Use sectioning commands to add sections + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev7 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Table of Contents [TOC]} + \begin{itemize} + \item Our document is short, but let's learn to add a TOC + \item Add \lstinline{\tableofcontents} where you want TOC to + appear + \item Compile + \item Only headings appear. No page numbers + \item A \lstinline{.toc} file is generated + \item Re-compile + \item Any numbered section/block automatically appears + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev8 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{TOC \ldots} + \begin{itemize} + \item Un-numbered sections are added to TOC using + \lstinline{\addcontentsline} + \item For instance, \lstinline+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Intro}+ + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev9 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Bibliography} + We shall look at Bibliographies, later in the course. +\end{frame} + +\section{Typesetting Text} +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Quotation Marks} + \begin{itemize} + \item Use \`~ (accent) for left quote + \item Use \'~ (apostrophe) for right quote + \item For double quotes, use them twice + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev11 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Fonts - Emphasis, Fixed width, \ldots} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline{\emph} gives emphasized or italic text + \item \typ{flushleft} to have text left aligned + \item \typ{flushright}, \typ{center} + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev12 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Fonts - Emphasis, Fixed width, \ldots} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline{\texttt} gives fixed width font + \item \lstinline{\textbf} bold face font + \item \lstinline{--} en dash (--); \lstinline{---} em dash (---). + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev13 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Lists} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline{enumerate} environment is used for numbered lists + \item \lstinline{itemize} environment gives un-numbered lists + \item Each item in the list is specified using \lstinline{\item} + \item Nested lists are also easily handled, as expected + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev14 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Footnotes} + \begin{itemize} + \item \typ{\\footnote} command adds a footnote + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev15 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Labels and References} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline+\label{labelname}+ is used to label an element + \item \lstinline+\ref{labelname}+ is used to refer to that element + \item Compile twice + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev15 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Including code} + \begin{itemize} + \item Instead of using \lstinline{\texttt} we could use + \lstinline{\verbatim} + \item \lstinline+listings+ is a powerful package + \item \lstinline+\usepackage{listings}+ needs to be added + \item Tell {\LaTeX} the language to be used, using \typ{\\lstset} + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev16 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Including code} + \begin{itemize} + \item Use \lstinline+\lstlisting+ for a block of code + \item \typ{\\lstinline} for inline code + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev16 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\section{Figures, Tables \& Floats} +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Figures} + \begin{itemize} + \item The \typ{graphicx} package allows us to insert graphics + \item \lstinline+\usepackage{graphicx}+ + \item To add a graphic, use \lstinline{\includegraphics} command + \item Use relative path to the image + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev17 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{\lstinline{includgraphics}} + It takes following optional arguments + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline+scale+ --- specifies the factor by which to scale + the image + \item \lstinline+height+, \lstinline+width+ --- If only one of them + is specified, aspect ratio is maintained + \item \lstinline+keepaspectratio+ --- boolean value to keep aspect + ratio or not + \item \lstinline+angle+ --- specify by what angle the image should + be rotated + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Floats} + \begin{itemize} + \item Graphics (\& Tables) are special because they cannot be broken + across pages + \item They are ``floated'' to the next page, if they don't fit in + the current page + \item Enclose graphic within \lstinline+figure+ environment to make + it float + \item Figure environment takes additional parameter for location of + float + \end{itemize} + \begin{table} + \caption{Permission Specifiers} + + \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} + Specifier & Permission\\\hline + t & Top of page\\ + b & Bottom of page\\ + p & Separate page for floats\\ + h & here (the same place where command appears in source)\\ + ! & override \LaTeX's internal parameters for good position + \end{tabular} + \end{table} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Captions and References} + \begin{itemize} + \item Figure environment allows us add a caption + \item To place the image in the center we enclose it in the + \lstinline+center+ environment + \item We can label images too + \item label should be added after the caption command + \item Figures are auto numbered + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev17 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[frame] + \frametitle{Tables} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline+tabular+ is used to typeset a table + \item It is enclosed in a \lstinline+table+ environment to make it a + float + \item \lstinline+table+ environment also gives captions, auto + numbering + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{\lstinline+tabular+} + \begin{itemize} + \item tabular takes formatting of each column as argument + \end{itemize} + + \begin{table} + \caption{tabular environment} + + \begin{tabular}{|l|l|} + \lstinline+l+ & left justified column content\\\hline + \lstinline+r+ & right justified column content\\\hline + \lstinline+c+ & centered column content\\\hline + \lstinline+|+ & produces a vertical line\\ + \end{tabular} + \end{table} + \begin{itemize} + \item also takes an optional parameter for specifying position of + table + \item \lstinline+t+ for top, \lstinline+b+ for bottom, \lstinline+c+ + for center + \item each column of table is separated by \& + \item each row is separated by newline \lstinline{\\} + \item \lstinline+\hline+ give a horizontal line between two rows + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev18 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{List of Tables, Figures} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline+\listoftables+ -- to add a list of tables + \item \lstinline+\listoffigures+ -- to add a list of figures + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + + +\section{Typesetting Math} +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Math in \LaTeX} + \begin{itemize} + \item Math is enclosed in a pair of \lstinline{$} signs or %%$ + \lstinline+\( \)+ + \item Used for typesetting inline Math. + \item \lstinline+\usepackage{amsmath}+ + \item Let's now move on to matrices. + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Matrices} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline+\bmatrix+ is used to typeset the matrix A + \item It works similar to the tabular environment + \item \lstinline+&+ for demarcating columns + \item \lstinline+\\+ for demarcating rows + \item Other matrix environments + \begin{table} + \center + \begin{tabular}{c|c} + \lstinline+matrix+ & none\\ + \lstinline+pmatrix+ & \lstinline+(+\\ + \lstinline+Bmatrix+ & \lstinline+{+\\ + \lstinline+vmatrix+ & \lstinline+|+\\ + \lstinline+Vmatrix+ & \lstinline+||+ + \end{tabular} + \end{table} + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev19 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Superscripts \& Subscripts} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline+^+ for superscripts + \item \lstinline+_+ for subscripts + \item Enclose multiple characters in \lstinline+{ }+ + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Summation \& integration} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline+\sum+ command gives the summation symbol + \item The upper and lower limits are specified using the + \lstinline+^+ and \lstinline+_+ symbols. + \item Similarly the integral symbol is obtained using + \lstinline+\int+ command. + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{\lstinline+displayed+ math} + \begin{itemize} + \item Display equations are the other type of displaying math + \item \LaTeX~ or \lstinline+amsmath+ has a number of environments + for ``displaying'' equations, with minor differences. + \item In general, enclose math in \lstinline+\[+ and \lstinline+\]+ + to get displayed math. + \item \lstinline+\begin{equation*}+ is equivalent to this. + \item Use \lstinline+\begin{equation}+ to get numbered + equations. %%\end{equation} + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev20 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Groups of equations} + \begin{itemize} + \item The \lstinline+equation+ environment allows typesetting of + just 1 equation. + \item \lstinline+eqnarray+ allows typesetting of multiple equations + \item It is similar to the \lstinline+table+ environment + \item The parts of the equation that need to be aligned are + indicated using \& symbol. + \item Each equation is separated by a \lstinline+\newline+ command + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev21, 22 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Fractions \& Surds} + \begin{itemize} + \item Fractions are typeset using \lstinline+\frac+ command + \item \lstinline+\frac{numerator}{denominator}+ is typeset as + $\frac{numerator}{denominator}$ + \item Surds are typeset using \lstinline+\sqrt[n]+ command + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Greek characters \& Spacing} + \begin{itemize} + \item Typesetting Greek characters is simple + \item \lstinline+\alpha+, \lstinline+\beta+, \lstinline+\gamma+, + \ldots \lstinline+\Alpha+, \lstinline+\Beta+, \lstinline+\Gamma+ + \ldots + \item To get additional spacing in Math environments --- +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|} +\hline + Abbrev. & Spelled out & Example \\ +\hline + \lstinline+\,+ & \lstinline+\thinspace+ & $A\,B$ \\ +\hline + \lstinline+\:+ & \lstinline+\medspace+ & $A\:B$ \\ +\hline + \lstinline+\;+ & \lstinline+\thickspace+ & $A\;B$ \\ +\hline + & \lstinline+\quad+ & $A \quad B$ \\ +\hline + & \lstinline+\qquad+ & $A \qquad B$ \\ +\hline + \lstinline+\!+ & \lstinline+\negthinspace+ & $A!B$ \\ +\hline + & \lstinline+\negmedspace+ & $A \negmedspace B$ \\ +\hline + & \lstinline+\negthickspace+ & $A \negthickspace B$ \\ +\hline + +\end{tabular} +\end{center} + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\section{Bibliography} +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Bibliography} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline+thebibliography+ environment provides a clean and + simple way to add a bibliography to \LaTeX documents. + \item \lstinline+\begin{thebibliography}+ takes as argument the + maximum width of the label that references will have. + \item Each item of the Bibliography is similar to an item in a + list. + \item \lstinline+\bibitem[label]{name}+ followed by the actual + reference info. + \item label replaces auto enumeration numbers + \item \lstinline+\cite{name}+ is used to \lstinline+cite+ the + \lstinline+bibitem+ + \item You will need to compile twice. + \end{itemize} + \tiny See rev23 of \typ{hg} +\end{frame} + +\section{Presentations - Beamer} +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Beamer} + \begin{itemize} + \item Use beamer since your report's \LaTeX~ would be re-usable. + \item It is recommended to start with one of the beamer templates. + \item Let's look at speaker introduction template. + \item \lstinline+\documentclass{beamer}+ tells \LaTeX~ to start a + beamer presentation. + \item A beamer document is very similar to any other \LaTeX~ + document except that content is divided into slides. + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Beamer \ldots} + \begin{itemize} + \item \lstinline+\usetheme+ command is used to specify the theme of the + presentation. + \item \lstinline+\usecolortheme+ command is used to specify the color + theme. + \item The content of a slide is enclosed within + \lstinline+\begin{frame}{Title}{Subtitle}+ and + \lstinline+\end{frame}+ + \item If the slide contains \lstinline+verbatim+ + \lstinline+lstlisting+ environments, the \lstinline+\begin{frame}+ + should be passed an additional argument \lstinline+[fragile]+ + \item Overlays can be achieved using the \lstinline+\pause+ + command. + \item To achieve more with beamer, it is highly recommended that you + look at the \texttt{beameruserguide} + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{} + \begin{center} + \Huge{Thank You!} + \end{center} +\end{frame} + + +\end{document} + |