Added ULT-8 after modifiying the script & slides based on the review.

2 files changed, 587 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/ult/ult_8/script.rst b/ult/ult_8/script.rst
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+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+   
+   .. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to:
+   
+   ..   1. 
+   ..   2.
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+..   1. Using Linux tools - Part 1
+..   2. Using Linux tools - Part 2
+..   3. Using Linux tools - Part 3
+..   4. Using Linux tools - Part 4
+..   5. Using Linux tools - Part 5
+..   6. Using Linux tools - Part 6
+..   7. Using Linux tools - Part 7
+
+ 
+Script
+------
+
+.. L1
+
+{{{ Show the  first slide containing title, name of the production
+team along with the logo of MHRD }}}
+
+.. R1
+
+Hello friends and Welcome to the tutorial on 
+'Using linux tools - Part 8'.
+
+.. L2
+
+{{{ Show slide with objectives }}} 
+
+.. R2
+
+At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to,
+
+ 1. Search for files in many different ways.
+ #. Compare files with same names.
+ #. Create and extract an archive. 
+ #. Customize a shell.
+ 
+.. L3
+
+{{{ Switch to the pre-requisite slide }}}
+
+.. R3
+
+Before beginning this tutorial,we would suggest you to complete the 
+tutorial on "Using Linux tools from Part 1 to Part 7".
+
+There are a bunch of tools, that will prove to be handy in your day
+to day work. These tools will help you quickly perform tasks like searching
+for files, comparing files and checking if they are the same, viewing the
+exact differences between them, etc.
+
+.. L4
+
+{{{ Show slide, find }}}
+
+.. R4
+
+Let us start with the first tool - 'find' .
+The ``find`` command lets you find files in a directory hierarchy. It
+offers a very complex feature set allowing you to search for files with a
+wide range of restrictions. We shall only look at some of the most
+frequently used ones.
+
+.. R5
+
+To find the files, which end with an extension, ``.pdf``, saved in the current
+folder and all it's subfolders, we say 
+
+.. L5
+
+{{{ Open the terminal }}}
+::
+
+    find . -name "*.pdf"
+
+.. R6
+
+The ``find`` command also lists out the directory and sub-directory names
+To list them, we say,
+
+.. L6
+::
+
+    find . -type d 
+
+.. R7
+
+In short, ``find`` allows you to set limits on file-size, modification time 
+and whole lot of other things which you can explore on seeing the man page 
+of ``find``. 
+
+.. L7
+
+.. R8
+
+Let us now move on to the next tool, the compare tool.
+
+To compare two files, whether they are identical or not, we can use the
+``cmp`` command. Let us consider some situation. Suppose, we run the ``find`` 
+command to locate some file, and it turns out that we have a file with same 
+name in different location. 
+
+In this case, if we are unsure, whether both the files are the same, we can use 
+the ``cmp`` command to check if the files are identical. 
+
+.. L8
+::
+
+   find . -name quick.c
+   ./Desktop/programs/quick.c
+   ./c-folder/quick.c
+   cmp Desktop/programs/quick.c c-folder/quick.c
+
+.. L9
+
+{{{ Show slide, cmp }}}
+
+.. R9
+
+If the cmp command doesn't return any output, it means that both files are
+exactly identical. If there are any differences in the file, it gives you
+the exact byte location at which the first difference occurred. 
+
+.. R10
+
+Let us now make a small change in one of quick.c file and run the ``cmp`` 
+command again.
+
+.. L10
+{{{ Switch to the terminal }}}
+
+::
+
+   cmp Desktop/programs/quick.c c-folder/quick.c
+
+.. R11
+   
+As we can see, it gives the exact location as to where a change is made.
+
+Now, we may not be happy with just the knowledge that the files are
+different. We may want to see the exact differences between the two files.
+The ``diff`` command can be used to find the exact differences between the
+files. 
+
+.. L11
+
+.. L12
+::
+
+   diff Desktop/programs/quick.c c-folder/quick.c
+
+.. R12
+
+We get back a line by line difference between the two files. 
+
+.. L13
+
+{{{ Show slide, diff }}}
+
+.. R13
+
+The ``>`` mark indicates the content that has been added to the second file, 
+which was not present in the first file. The ``<`` mark indicates the lines 
+that were present in the first file, but are not existent in the second file. 
+
+.. L14
+
+{{{ Show slide, tar }}}
+
+.. R14
+
+You would often come across (archive) files which are called *tarballs*. A
+tar ball is essentially a collection of files, which may or may not be
+compressed. Essentially, it eases the job of storing, backing up and
+transporting multiple files, at once. 
+
+.. R15
+
+The following set of commands extracts the contents of the ``allfiles.tar`` 
+tarball to the directory extract. 
+
+.. L15
+
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+   mkdir extract
+   cp allfiles.tar extract/
+   cd extract
+   tar -xvf allfiles.tar 
+
+.. L16
+
+{{{ Show slide, extracting an archive }}}
+
+.. R16
+
+The option, ``x`` tells ``tar`` to extract the files in the archive file
+specified by the ``f`` option. The ``v`` option tells ``tar`` to give out a
+verbose output. 
+
+.. R17
+
+Similarly, if we wish to create a ``tar`` archive, we use the ``c`` option
+instead of the ``x`` option. For instance, the command below creates an
+archive from all the files with the ``.txt`` extension. 
+
+.. L17
+
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+    tar -cvzf newarchive.tar *.txt
+
+.. R18
+
+You can also create and extract compressed archives using ``tar``. It
+supports a wide variety of compressions like gzip, bzip2, lzma, etc. 
+
+We need to add an additional option to ``tar`` to handle these
+compressions. 
+
+
++-------------+------------+
+| Compression | Option     |
++-------------+------------+
+| gzip        | ``-z``     |
+| bzip2       | ``-j``     |
+| lzma        | ``--lzma`` |
++-------------+------------+
+
+.. L18
+
+.. R19
+
+So, if we wished to create a gzip archive in the previous command, we
+change it to the following
+
+.. L19
+::
+
+    tar -cvzf newarchive.tar.gz *.txt
+
+.. L20
+
+{{{ Show slide, customizing your shell }}}
+
+.. R20
+
+What would you do, if you want bash to execute a particular command each
+time you start it up? For instance, say you want the current directory to
+be your Desktop instead of your home folder, each time bash starts up.
+Bash reads and executes commands in a whole bunch
+of files called start-up files, when it starts up.
+
+When bash starts up as an interactive login shell, it reads the files
+``/etc/profile``, ``~/.bash_profile``, ``~/.bash_login``, and
+``~/.profile`` in that order.
+
+When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bash reads 
+and executes commands from ~/.bashrc. This can be prevented using the ``--norc``
+option. Instead of using the ``~/.bashrc`` file on start-up, we can force 
+the bash to use another file, for which the ``--rcfile`` option may be used.
+
+Now, you know what you should do, to change the current directory to you
+Desktop. Just put a ``cd ~/Desktop`` into your ``~/.bashrc`` and you are
+set!
+But as you know that the start-up files are used for a lot more complex things 
+than this. You could set (or unset) aliases and a whole bunch of environment 
+variables in the ``.bashrc``, like changing environment variables etc. 
+
+.. L21
+
+{{{ Switch to 'Summary' slide }}}
+
+.. R21
+
+This brings us to the end of the end of this tutorial.
+In this tutorial, we have learnt to, 
+
+ 1. Make use of the ``find`` command to find files in a directory hierarchy.
+ #. Find the differences between files with the same name, using the
+    ``cmp`` and ``diff`` commands.
+ #. Extract and create compressed archive's using the ``tar`` command.
+ #. Customize one's shell according to one's choice. 
+ 
+.. L22
+
+{{{ Show self assessment questions slide }}}
+ 
+.. R22
+
+Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve
+
+ 1. Look at the man page of ``find`` and state the options which
+    deal with symbolic links.
+     
+ 2. How do you append tar files to an archive?
+
+.. L23
+
+{{{ Solution of self assessment questions on slide }}}
+
+.. R23
+
+And the answers,
+
+1. The  -H,  -L  and  -P options with the ``find`` command control 
+    the treatment of symbolic links.
+
+ 2. To append tar files to an archive, we can use the ``tar`` command 
+    either with the ``-A`` option or the ``-r`` option, as,
+::
+
+    $ tar -Af <tar_file> <tar_file_to_be_added> 
+                   OR
+    $ tar -rf <tar_file> <tar_file_to_be_added>     
+
+
+.. L24
+
+{{{ Show the Thank you slide }}}
+
+.. R24
+
+Hope you have enjoyed this tutorial and found it useful.
+Thank you!
+
+
+
diff --git a/ult/ult_8/ult8.tex b/ult/ult_8/ult8.tex
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+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Using Linux Tools
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE 
+% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\documentclass[12pt,compress]{beamer}
+
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+  \usetheme{Warsaw}
+  \useoutertheme{infolines}
+  \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+% Taken from Fernando's slides.
+\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
+\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=sh,
+    basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+    commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+  stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+  showstringspaces=false,
+  keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+
+\begin{center}
+\vspace{12pt}
+\textcolor{blue}{\huge Using Linux Tools}
+\end{center}
+\vspace{18pt}
+\begin{center}
+\vspace{10pt}
+\includegraphics[scale=0.95]{../images/fossee-logo.png}\\
+\vspace{5pt}
+\scriptsize Developed by FOSSEE Team, IIT-Bombay. \\ 
+\scriptsize Funded by National Mission on Education through ICT\\
+\scriptsize  MHRD,Govt. of India\\
+\includegraphics[scale=0.30]{../images/iitb-logo.png}\\
+\end{center}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Objectives}
+\label{sec-2}
+
+At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to,
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Search for files in many different ways.
+\item Compare files with same names.
+\item Create and extract an archive. 
+\item Customize a shell.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Pre-requisite}
+\label{sec-3}
+
+Spoken tutorial on -
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Using Linux tools -- Part I
+\item Using Linux tools -- Part II
+\item Using Linux tools -- Part III
+\item Using Linux tools -- Part IV
+\item Using Linux tools -- Part V
+\item Using Linux tools -- Part VI
+\item Using Linux tools -- Part VII
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{\texttt{`find'}}
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item `find' command helps to find files in a directory hierarchy
+  \item Offers a very complex feature set\\ For eg: search files by name, owner, date,etc.
+  \item Look at the \texttt{man} page of `find' 
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{\texttt{`cmp'}}
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item Compare two files
+  \end{itemize}
+  \begin{lstlisting}
+    $ find . -name quick.c
+    ./Desktop/programs/quick.c
+    ./c-folder/quick.c
+    $ cmp Desktop/programs/quick.c \
+    c-folder/quick.c
+  \end{lstlisting} % $
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item No output when the files are exactly the same
+  \item Else, gives location where the first difference occurs 
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{\texttt{`diff'}}
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item We know the files are different, but want exact differences
+  \end{itemize}
+  \begin{lstlisting}
+    $ diff Desktop/programs/quick.c \
+    c-folder/quick.c
+  \end{lstlisting} % $
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item line by line difference between files
+  \item \texttt{>} indicates content only in second file
+  \item \texttt{<} indicates content only in first file
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\texttt{`tar'}}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \emph{tarball} -- essentially a collection of files
+\item May or may not be compressed
+\item Eases the job of storing, backing-up \& transporting files
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Extracting an archive}
+
+\begin{lstlisting}
+$ mkdir extract 
+$ cp allfiles.tar extract/ 
+$ cd extract 
+$ tar -xvf allfiles.tar
+\end{lstlisting} %$
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \texttt{-x} --- Extract files within the archive
+\item \texttt{-f} --- Specify the archive file
+\item \texttt{-v} --- Be verbose
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{Compressed archives}
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item \texttt{tar} can create and extract compressed archives
+  \item Supports compressions like gzip, bzip2, lzma, etc.
+  \item Additional option to handle compressed archives
+    \begin{center}
+      \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline
+        Compression      &  Option   \\\hline
+        gzip   &  \texttt{-z}        \\\hline
+        bzip2  &  \texttt{-j}        \\\hline
+        lzma   &  \texttt{-{}-lzma}  \\\hline
+      \end{tabular}
+    \end{center}
+  \end{itemize}
+  \begin{lstlisting}
+    $ tar -cvzf newarchive.tar.gz *.txt
+  \end{lstlisting} % $
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Customizing your shell}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Bash reads \texttt{/etc/profile},
+  \texttt{\textasciitilde{}/.bash\_profile},
+  \texttt{\textasciitilde{}/.bash\_login}, and
+  \texttt{\textasciitilde{}/.profile} in that order, when starting
+  up as a login shell. 
+\item \texttt{\textasciitilde{}/.bashrc} is read, when not a login
+  shell 
+\item Put any commands that you want to run when bash starts, in this
+  file. 
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary}
+\label{sec-8}
+
+  In this tutorial, we have learnt to,
+
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item To make use of the ``find'' command find files in a directory hierarchy.
+\item To find the differences between files with the same name, using the
+    ``cmp'' and ``diff'' commands.
+\item To extract and create compressed archive's using the ``tar'' command.
+\item Customize one's shell according to one's choice. 
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Evaluation}
+\label{sec-9}
+
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Look at the man page of ``find'' and state the options which
+    deal with symbolic links.
+\vspace{8pt}
+\item How do you append tar files to an archive ?
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Solutions}
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item  -H,  -L  and  -P options with the ``find'' command   
+\vspace{15pt}
+\item tar -Af <tar\_file> <tar\_file\_to\_be\_added>
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+
+  \begin{block}{}
+  \begin{center}
+  \textcolor{blue}{\Large THANK YOU!} 
+  \end{center}
+  \end{block}
+\begin{block}{}
+  \begin{center}
+    For more Information, visit our website\\
+    \url{http://fossee.in/}
+  \end{center}  
+  \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
+
+
+