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diff --git a/ult/ult_4/ult4.tex b/ult/ult_4/ult4.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7181db5 --- /dev/null +++ b/ult/ult_4/ult4.tex @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Using Linux Tools +% +% Author: FOSSEE +% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\documentclass[12pt,compress]{beamer} + +\mode<presentation> +{ + \usetheme{Warsaw} + \useoutertheme{infolines} + \setbeamercovered{transparent} +} + +\usepackage[english]{babel} +\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} +%\usepackage{times} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} + +% Taken from Fernando's slides. +\usepackage{ae,aecompl} +\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} +\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet} + +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0} + +\usepackage{listings} +\lstset{language=sh, + basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries, + commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, + stringstyle=\color{darkgreen}, + showstringspaces=false, + keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% DOCUMENT STARTS +\begin{document} + +\begin{frame} + +\begin{center} +\vspace{12pt} +\textcolor{blue}{\huge Using Linux Tools\\Part IV} +\end{center} +\vspace{18pt} +\begin{center} +\vspace{10pt} +\includegraphics[scale=0.95]{../images/fossee-logo.png}\\ +\vspace{5pt} +\scriptsize Developed by FOSSEE Team, IIT-Bombay. \\ +\scriptsize Funded by National Mission on Education through ICT\\ +\scriptsize MHRD,Govt. of India\\ +\includegraphics[scale=0.30]{../images/iitb-logo.png}\\ +\end{center} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame} +\frametitle{Objectives} +\label{sec-2} + +At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to, +\begin{itemize} +\item Understand what is Redirection and Piping. +\item Learn various features of the shell. +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} +\frametitle{Pre-requisite} +\label{sec-3} + +Spoken tutorial on - +\begin{itemize} +\item Using Linux tools -- Part I +\item Using Linux tools -- Part II +\item Using Linux tools -- Part III +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Redirection} + + \begin{itemize} + \item The standard output (stdout) stream goes to the display + \item Not always, what we need + \item First solution, redirects output to a file + \item \texttt{>} states that output is redirected; It is + followed by location to redirect + \end{itemize} + \begin{lstlisting} + $ command > file1 + \end{lstlisting} % $ + \begin{itemize} + \item \texttt{>} creates a new file at specified location + \item \texttt{>>} appends to a file at specified location + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Redirection \ldots} + \begin{itemize} + \item Similarly, the standard input (stdin) can be redirected + \end{itemize} + \begin{lstlisting} + $ command < file1 + \end{lstlisting} % $ + \begin{itemize} + \item input and the output redirection could be combined + \end{itemize} + \begin{lstlisting} + $ command < infile > outfile + \end{lstlisting} % $ + \begin{itemize} + \item Standard error (stderr) is the third standard stream + \item All error messages come through this stream + \item \texttt{stderr} can also be redirected + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Piping} + \begin{lstlisting} + $ cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt \ + | paste -d " " students.txt - + \end{lstlisting} % $ + \begin{itemize} + \item \texttt{-} instead of FILE asks \texttt{paste} to read from + \texttt{stdin} + \item \texttt{cut} command is a normal command + \item the \texttt{|} seems to be joining the two commands + \item Redirects output of first command to \texttt{stdin}, which + becomes input to the second command + \item This is called piping; \texttt{|} is called a pipe + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Piping \ldots} + \begin{itemize} + \item Roughly same as -- 2 redirects and a temporary file + \end{itemize} + \begin{lstlisting} + $ command1 > tempfile + $ command2 < tempfile + $ rm tempfile + \end{lstlisting} % $ + \begin{itemize} + \item Any number of commands can be piped together + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\subsection{Features of the Shell} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Tab-completion} + \begin{itemize} + \item Bash provides tab completion for the following. + \begin{enumerate} + \item File Names + \item Directory Names + \item Executable Names + \item User Names (when they are prefixed with a \~{}) + \item Host Names (when they are prefixed with a @) + \item Variable Names (when they are prefixed with a \$) + \end{enumerate} + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Shell Meta Characters} + \begin{itemize} + \item ``meta characters'' are special command directives + \item File-names shouldn't have meta-characters + \item The following are the shell meta characters -- + \begin{itemize} + \item \verb+/<>!$%^&*|{}[]"'`~;+ + \end{itemize} + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} +\frametitle{Summary} +\label{sec-8} + + In this tutorial, we have learnt to, + + +\begin{itemize} +\item Use the ``cut'' and ``paste'' commands in redirection. +\item Use the pipe ( | ) character. +\item Implement features of shell like tab-completion and history. +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}[fragile] +\frametitle{Evaluation} +\label{sec-9} + + +\begin{enumerate} +\item Bash does not provide tab completion for Host Names. \\ + True or False? +\vspace{12pt} +\item In a file /home/test.txt ,first line is "data:myscripts:20:30".How to + view only minutes(last field, 30). +\vspace{5pt} +\begin{itemize} +\item cut -d : -f 4 /home/test.txt +\item cut -f 3 /home/test.txt +\item cut -d : -f 3 /home/test.txt +\item None of these +\end{itemize} +\end{enumerate} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame} +\frametitle{Solutions} +\label{sec-10} + + +\begin{enumerate} +\item False +\vspace{15pt} +\item cut -d : -f 4 /home/test.txt +\end{enumerate} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame} + + \begin{block}{} + \begin{center} + \textcolor{blue}{\Large THANK YOU!} + \end{center} + \end{block} +\begin{block}{} + \begin{center} + For more Information, visit our website\\ + \url{http://fossee.in/} + \end{center} + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +\end{document} + + |