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+\documentclass{beamer}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage{fixltx2e}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{longtable}
+\usepackage{float}
+\usepackage{wrapfig}
+\usepackage{soul}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+\usepackage{marvosym}
+\usepackage{wasysym}
+\usepackage{latexsym}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\tolerance=1000
+\usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{
+ language=TeX,
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+ commentstyle=\ttfamily\color{blue},
+ stringstyle=\ttfamily\color{orange},
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ breaklines=true,
+ postbreak = \space\dots
+}
+
+
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+ \usetheme{Warsaw}
+ \useoutertheme{infolines}
+ \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
+
+\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}}
+
+\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
+\title [{\LaTeX} for mathematics \& beyond] {{\LaTeX} for mathmatical formulae, bibliography and presentations}
+\author {FOSSEE}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\begin{document}
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \begin{center}
+ \vspace{12pt}
+ \textcolor{blue}{\huge {\LaTeX} for mathmatical formulae, bibliography and presentations}
+ \end{center}
+ \vspace{18pt}
+ \begin{center}
+ \vspace{10pt}
+ \includegraphics[scale=0.95]{../images/fossee-logo.png}\\
+ \vspace{5pt}
+ \scriptsize Developed by FOSSEE Team, IIT-Bombay. \\
+ \scriptsize Funded by National Mission on Education through ICT\\
+ \scriptsize MHRD,Govt. of India\\
+ \includegraphics[scale=0.30]{../images/iitb-logo.png}\\
+ \end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Objectives}
+ \label{sec-2}
+ At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to,
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Write and typeset simple mathematical formulae in LaTeX.
+ \item Write bibliography for a LaTeX document.
+ \item Make presentations in LaTeX, using beamer.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{\LaTeX\ \&\ Mathematics : An Introduction}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Math is enclosed in a pair of \lstinline{$} signs or %%$
+ \lstinline+\( \)+
+ \item Used for typesetting inline Math.
+ \item \lstinline+\usepackage{amsmath}+
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Matrices}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \lstinline+\bmatrix+ is used to typeset the matrix A
+ \item It works similar to the tabular environment
+ \item \lstinline+&+ for demarcating columns
+ \item \lstinline+\\+ for demarcating rows
+ \item Other matrix environments
+ \begin{table}
+ \center
+ \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
+ \hline
+ Matrix Type & Border Decoration \\
+ \hline
+ \lstinline+matrix+ & none\\
+ \hline
+ \lstinline+pmatrix+ & \lstinline+(+\\
+ \hline
+ \lstinline+Bmatrix+ & \lstinline+{+\\
+ \hline
+ \lstinline+vmatrix+ & \lstinline+|+\\
+ \hline
+ \lstinline+Vmatrix+ & \lstinline+||+\\
+ \hline
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{table}
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Matrices \ldots}
+ \tiny{
+ \begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \usepackage {amsmath}
+ \begin{document}
+ Welcome to the world of matrices\\
+ $
+ \begin{bmatrix}
+ a & b \\
+ c & d \\
+ \end{bmatrix}
+ \begin{vmatrix}
+ e & f \\
+ g & h
+ \end{vmatrix}
+ $
+ \begin{equation}
+ \begin{Vmatrix}
+ i & j & k & l
+ \end{Vmatrix}
+ \end{equation}
+ \begin{equation}
+ \begin{pmatrix}
+ m & n & o & p
+ \end{pmatrix}
+ \end{equation}
+ \end{document}
+ \end{verbatim}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Superscripts \& Subscripts}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \lstinline+^+ for superscripts
+ \item \lstinline+_+ for subscripts
+ \item Enclose multiple characters in \lstinline+{ }+
+ \end{itemize}
+ \begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \begin{document}
+ $ i^j $ $k_l$ \\
+ $ {{{a^b}^c}^d} \\ {z_{y_{x_w}}} $ \\
+ \end{document}
+ \end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Summation \& integration}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \lstinline+\sum+ command gives the summation symbol
+ \item The upper and lower limits are specified using the
+ \lstinline+^+ and \lstinline+_+ symbols.
+ \item Similarly the integral symbol is obtained using
+ \lstinline+\int+ command.
+ \end{itemize}
+ \tiny{
+ \begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \usepackage {amsmath}
+ \begin{document}
+ We note that \\
+ (a) Summations in text style \\
+ $ \sum_{1}^{10} a $ \\
+ (b) Summations in display style \\
+ \begin{equation}
+ \sum_{1}^{10} a
+ \end{equation}
+ look a lot different when rendered.\\
+ A similar analogy holds true for integrals, when using \\
+ $ \int_{1}^{10} a $ \\
+ and \\
+ \begin{equation}
+ \int_{1}^{10} a
+ \end{equation}
+ \end{document}
+ \end{verbatim}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{\lstinline+displayed+ math}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Display equations are the other type of displaying math
+ \item \LaTeX~ or \lstinline+amsmath+ has a number of environments
+ for ``displaying'' equations, with minor differences.
+ \item In general, enclose math in \lstinline+\[+ and \lstinline+\]+
+ to get displayed math.
+ \item \lstinline+\begin{equation*}+ is equivalent to this.
+ \item Use \lstinline+\begin{equation}+ to get numbered
+ equations. %%\end{equation}
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Groups of equations}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item The \lstinline+equation+ environment allows typesetting of
+ just 1 equation.
+ \item \lstinline+eqnarray+ allows typesetting of multiple equations
+ \item It is similar to the \lstinline+table+ environment
+ \item The parts of the equation that need to be aligned are
+ indicated using \& symbol.
+ \item Each equation is separated by a \lstinline+\newline+ command
+ \end{itemize}
+ \tiny{
+ \begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \begin{document}
+ \begin{eqnarray}
+ a & = & b + c +d\\
+ & = & d + e
+ \end{eqnarray}
+ \end{document}
+ \end{verbatim}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Fractions \& Surds}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Fractions are typeset using \lstinline+\frac+ command
+ \item \lstinline+\frac{numerator}{denominator}+ is typeset as
+ $\frac{numerator}{denominator}$
+ \item Surds are typeset using \lstinline+\sqrt[n]+ command
+ \end{itemize}
+ \tiny{
+ \begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \begin{document}
+ The glass is $\frac{3}{4}$ full.\\
+ \begin{equation}
+ \frac{3}{4}
+ \end{equation}
+ We now move on to square root and cube root of 2
+ \begin{eqnarray}
+ \sqrt{2}\\
+ \sqrt[3]{2}
+ \end{eqnarray}
+ \end{document}
+ \end{verbatim}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Greek characters \& Spacing}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Typesetting Greek characters is simple
+ \item \lstinline+\alpha+, \lstinline+\beta+, \lstinline+\gamma+,
+ \ldots \lstinline+\Alpha+, \lstinline+\Beta+, \lstinline+\Gamma+
+ \ldots
+ \item To get additional spacing in Math environments ---
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|}
+ \hline
+ Abbrev. & Spelled out & Example \\
+ \hline
+ \lstinline+\,+ & \lstinline+\thinspace+ & $A\,B$ \\
+ \hline
+ \lstinline+\:+ & \lstinline+\medspace+ & $A\:B$ \\
+ \hline
+ \lstinline+\;+ & \lstinline+\thickspace+ & $A\;B$ \\
+ \hline
+ & \lstinline+\quad+ & $A \quad B$ \\
+ \hline
+ & \lstinline+\qquad+ & $A \qquad B$ \\
+ \hline
+ \lstinline+\!+ & \lstinline+\negthinspace+ & $A!B$ \\
+ \hline
+ & \lstinline+\negmedspace+ & $A \negmedspace B$ \\
+ \hline
+ & \lstinline+\negthickspace+ & $A \negthickspace B$ \\
+ \hline
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{center}
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{Bibliography}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Bibliography}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \scriptsize{
+ \item \lstinline+thebibliography+ environment provides a clean and
+ simple way to add a bibliography to \LaTeX documents.
+ \item \lstinline+\begin{thebibliography}+ takes as argument the
+ maximum width of the label that references will have.
+ \item Each item of the Bibliography is similar to an item in a
+ list.
+ \item \lstinline+\bibitem[label]{name}+ followed by the actual
+ reference info.
+ \item label replaces auto enumeration numbers
+ \item \lstinline+\cite{name}+ is used to \lstinline+cite+ the
+ \lstinline+bibitem+
+ \item You will need to compile twice.
+ }
+ \end{itemize}
+ \tiny{
+ \begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \begin{document}
+ Official Sources~\cite{Official}
+ indicate that \ldots
+ \begin{thebibliography}{99}
+ \bibitem{Official} H.~Partl:
+ \emph{Dept of Defence Notfication},
+ Volume~9, Issue~1 (1988)
+ \end{thebibliography}
+ \end{document}
+ \end{verbatim}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{Presentations - Beamer}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Beamer}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Use beamer since your report's \LaTeX~ would be re-usable.
+ \item It is recommended to start with one of the beamer templates.
+ \item \lstinline+\documentclass{beamer}+ tells \LaTeX~ to start a
+ beamer presentation.
+ \item A beamer document is very similar to any other \LaTeX~
+ document except that content is divided into slides.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Beamer \ldots}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \lstinline+\usetheme+ command is used to specify the theme of the
+ presentation.
+ \item \lstinline+\usecolortheme+ command is used to specify the color
+ theme.
+ \item The content of a slide is enclosed within
+ \lstinline+\begin{frame}{Title}{Subtitle}+ and
+ \lstinline+\end{frame}+
+ \item If the slide contains \lstinline+verbatim+
+ \lstinline+lstlisting+ environments, the \lstinline+\begin{frame}+
+ should be passed an additional argument \lstinline+[fragile]+
+ \item Overlays can be achieved using the \lstinline+\pause+
+ command.
+ \item To achieve more with beamer, it is highly recommended that you
+ look at the \texttt{beameruserguide}
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Beamer \ldots}
+ \tiny{
+ \begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass{beamer}
+ \usetheme{Warsaw}
+ \useoutertheme{infolines}
+ \title{Make a LaTeX presentation using Beamer}
+ \author{FOSSEE}
+ \institute{IIT Bombay}
+ \date{}
+ \begin{document}
+ \begin{frame}
+ \titlepage
+ \end{frame}
+ \begin{frame}{Introduction}
+ This is a short introduction to Beamer class.
+ \end{frame}
+ \begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Introduction to \LaTeX}
+ Most non trivial \LaTeX documents begins with the following or similar lines
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \pause \item \backslash documentclass{foo}
+ \pause \item \backslash \usepackage{bar}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{frame}
+ \end{document}
+ \end{verbatim}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{\typ{Summary}}
+ \label{sec-8}
+ In this tutorial, we have,
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Written and typeset simple math formulae in LaTeX.
+ \item Written bibliography for a LaTeX document.
+ \item Made a sample presentations in LaTeX, using beamer.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{\typ{Evaluation}}
+ \label{sec-9}
+ {\small
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item What is the function of useoutertheme command used in the beamer
+presentation example shown before ?? what happens when you comment out or
+remove the line.
+ \item Are commands like $ \backslash alpha, \backslash beta, etc $ commands provided by amsmath package ?
+ \end{enumerate}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\typ{Solutions}}
+\label{sec-10}
+\begin{enumerate}
+ \item The outertheme command in beamer is used to customize the amount of
+header/footer information shown in each slide. In the example shown below the
+useoutertheme command with infolines argument automatically adds more
+information to the footer like page number, author and institute,etc.
+ \item No, commands like alpha, beta, etc are not commands provided by the amsmath
+package.
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{\Large THANK YOU!}
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ For more Information, visit our website\\
+ \url{http://fossee.in/}
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
+
+
diff --git a/Latex/Latex6/latex_math_biblo_beamer_script.rst b/Latex/Latex6/latex_math_biblo_beamer_script.rst
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+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. By the end of this tutorial, you will be able to
+
+.. 1. Write and typeset simple mathematical formulae in LaTeX.
+.. #. Write bibliography for a LaTeX document.
+.. #. Make presentations in LaTeX, using beamer.
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. 1. latex_intro
+.. Author : Harish Badrinath < harish [at] fossee [dot] in >
+ Internal Reviewer :
+ External Reviewer :
+ Langauge Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK>
+
+Script
+------
+
+.. L1
+
+{{{ Show the first slide containing title, name of the production
+team along with the logo of MHRD }}}
+
+.. R1
+
+Hello friends and welcome to the tutorial on basics of typesetting mathematical
+formulae, bibliography and presentations, using LaTeX.
+
+.. L2
+
+{{{ Show the objectives slide }}}
+
+.. R2
+
+.. By the end of this tutorial, you will be able to
+
+.. 1. Write and typeset simple mathematical formulae in LaTeX.
+.. #. Write bibliography for a LaTeX document.
+.. #. Make presentations in LaTeX, using beamer.
+
+.. L3
+
+{{{ Switch to the pre-requisite slide }}}
+
+.. R3
+
+Before beginning this tutorial,we would suggest you complete the tutorials titled
+"Introduction to LaTeX","Basics of LaTeX and its document structure","Basics of
+LaTeX and its documents structure" and "Typesetting LaTeX text".
+
+.. L4
+
+.. R4
+
+Math formulae can be embedded in two ways. One is inline, and the other way is
+ to enclose them in a dedicated environment as and when required.
+The first method is also called text style and second method is also called
+displayed style.
+
+In-lining is done by enclosing the required command and text withing two dollar
+signs or between an backslash opening bracket and backslash closing bracket.
+
+The most common LaTeX environment used to typeset mathematical formulae is
+from equation family. Its use is given in more detail, further in the tutorial.
+
+It must be noted that amsmath is included in the base distribution of LaTex, in
+most recent versions.
+
+.. L5
+
+
+.. R5
+
+An environment like bmatrix for example, is used to render a matrix. The syntax
+for specifying a matrix is similar to that used in the tabular environment. The
+& symbol is used for demarcating columns and \\ is used to demarcate rows.
+
+Various types of matrix have different/no type of border decorations. A table
+
+showing the data is being shown on the screen. The matrix and its allied
+environments are defined by the amsmath package.
+
+.. L6
+
+
+.. R6
+
+The screen shows the an example, that renders different types of matrices using
+LaTeX.
+It also shows the two ways in which mathmatical formulae can be embedded into
+LaTeX documents. The second method of embedding mathamtical formula will be
+explained in detail, later in the tutorial. Please pause the tutorial and go through the example shown on the screen.
+
+.. L7
+
+{{{continue from paused state}}}
+
+.. R7
+
+Charet is used to render text in superscript, while underscore is used to
+render text in subscript.
+Multiple characters and ambiguity is resolved by grouping them using opening
+and closing curly brackets.
+
+.. L8
+
+
+.. R8
+
+sum and int commands are used to show summation and integration in the rendered
+document respectively. We can specify the upper and lower limits for these
+commands using charet and underscore respectively.
+
+.. L9
+
+
+.. R9
+
+As mention earlier, we can display mathematical formulas in either one of two
+ways. The first was mentioned earlier, now we use the equation environment
+to render mathematical formulae, which are numbered. The equation star
+environment is used to render unnumbered equations.
+
+Backslash and opening square bracket and its counterpart the backslash
+closing square bracket is a short hand for \begin equation star environment.
+There is no similar shorthand for equation environment (i.e, the numbered
+equation environment).
+
+.. L10
+
+
+.. R10
+
+The equation and its allied environments allows only one equation at a time.
+To come around this requirement, we can use eqnarray environment to group
+multiple equations.
+
+The eqnarray environment provides additional convenience like auto alignment
+using the ampersand command, auto numbering of equations, etc.
+
+Each distinct equation in the group needs to be separated by a newline command.
+
+.. L11
+
+
+.. R11
+
+We typeset fractions using the frac command. We can also render surds using
+sqrt command.
+Please note that there is a special command dfrac, that can be used to render
+fractions as if its placed in display mode and is meant to be used even in
+inline mode.
+
+.. L12
+
+.. R12
+
+There are appropriately named commands for inserting greek alphabets.
+There are also commands for inserting spaces as required and is intended to be
+used mainly for mathematical formulae. The relevant commands are shown on the
+screen, in the table.
+
+.. L13
+
+.. R13
+
+We can easily produce a bibliography with the bibliography environment.
+Each entry is added in the bibliography environment with the bibitem command.
+The marker used in the bibitem command is used to cite the source at the place
+required.
+If you do not use the label parameter to manually specify an index, the entries
+get enumerated automatically. Please pause the tutorial and go through the
+example shown on the screen.
+
+.. L14
+
+{{{continue from paused state}}}
+
+.. R14
+
+It is highly recommended to use beamer to create presentations, especially when
+you are using LaTeX for your report. This is mainly because, it would be really
+easy to reuse the original content for your presentation.
+
+We begin a beamer presentation with the command document with an argument
+with the value beamer. This tells LaTeX to start a beamer presentation.
+
+A beamer document is very similar to other LaTeX documents, with the exception
+that content is divided into slides.
+
+.. L15
+
+.. R15
+
+The usetheme command is used to specify the theme to be used for the current
+presentation. The usecolor theme command is used to specify the color theme to
+be used in the current presentation. The contents of a slide are enclosed
+within the begin frame and end frame environment.
+
+If we have to use the the verbatim environment inside a slide, then we have to
+pass an additional argument to begin frame, which is fragile.
+
+Overlays and simple animation can be achieved using the pause command.
+
+We recommend you look at the beamer user guide, to get more acquainted with
+this marvelous utility.
+
+.. L16
+
+.. R16
+
+This screen shows a very basic LaTeX presentation done using beamer. We use the
+warsaw theme. There are three slides in the actual document definition, but we
+see more than 3 slides in the output document. This is because of the overlay
+we created in the last slide. Please pause the tutorial and go through the
+example shown on the screen.
+
+.. L17
+
+{{{continue from paused state}}}
+{{{ Show summary slide }}}
+
+.. R17
+
+This brings us to the end of this tutorial. In this tutorial, we have,
+
+.. 1. Written and typeset simple math formulae in LaTeX.
+.. #. Written bibliography for a LaTeX document.
+.. #. Made a sample presentations in LaTeX, using beamer.
+
+.. L18
+
+{{{Show self assessment questions slide}}}
+
+.. R18
+
+Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve
+
+ 1. What is the function of useoutertheme command used in the beamer
+presentation example shown before ?? what happens when you comment out or
+remove the line.
+
+ 2. Are commands like \alpha, \beta ,etc commands provided by amsmath package ?
+
+.. L19
+
+{{{Show self assessment questions slide}}}
+
+.. R19
+
+And the answers,
+
+1. The outertheme command in beamer is used to customize the amount of
+header/footer information shown in each slide. In the example shown below the
+useoutertheme command with infolines argument automatically adds more
+information to the footer like page number, author and institute,etc.
+
+2. No, commands like alpha, beta, etc are not commands provided by the amsmath
+package.
+
+.. L20
+
+{{{ Show the thankyou slide }}}
+
+.. R20
+
+Hope you have enjoyed this tutorial and found it useful.
+Thank you!