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authorJovina2012-08-08 13:15:35 +0530
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+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+ .. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to:
+
+ .. 1. Understand various features of shell
+ .. 2. Learn about shell meta characters
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. 1. Getting started with Linux
+.. 2. Basic File Handling
+.. 4. Advanced file handling
+
+Script
+------
+
+.. L1
+
+{{{ Show the first slide containing title, name of the production
+team along with the logo of MHRD }}}
+
+.. R1
+
+Hello friends and Welcome to the tutorial on
+'Redirection and Piping'.
+
+.. L2
+
+{{{ Show slide with objectives }}}
+
+.. R2
+
+At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to,
+
+ 1. Understand various features of shell
+ #. Learn about shell meta characters
+
+.. L3
+
+{{{ Switch to the pre-requisite slide }}}
+
+.. R3
+
+Before beginning this tutorial,we would suggest you to complete the
+former tutorials as being displayed currently.
+
+.. L4
+
+{{{ Show slide, with Tab-completion }}}
+
+.. R4
+
+The Bash shell has some nice features, that make our job of using the shell
+easier and much more pleasant. We shall look at a few of them, here.
+
+
+Bash provides the feature of tab completion. What does tab completion mean?
+When you are trying to type a word, bash can complete the word for you, if you
+have entered enough portion of the word (to complete it unambiguously) and
+then hit the tab key.
+
+If on hitting the tab key, the word doesn't get completed, either the word
+doesn't exist or the word cannot be decided unambiguously. If the case is the
+latter one, hitting the tab key a second time, will list the possibilities.
+
+.. L5
+
+{{{ Show slide, with Tab-completion.. }}}
+
+.. R5
+
+Bash provides tab completion for the following.
+
+ File Names
+ Directory Names
+ Executable Names
+ User Names (when they are prefixed with a ~)
+ Host Names (when they are prefixed with a @)
+ Variable Names (when they are prefixed with a $)
+
+.. R6
+
+For example,
+
+.. L6
+
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+
+ pas<TAB><TAB>
+ PA<TAB>
+ ~/<TAB><TAB>
+
+.. L7
+
+{{{ Show slide, with History }}}
+
+.. R7
+
+Bash also saves the history of the commands you have typed. So, you can go
+back to a previously typed command. Use the up and down arrow keys to navigate
+in your bash history.
+You can also search incrementally, for commands in your bash history. Ctrl-r
+search for the commands that you have typed before. But, note that the number
+of commands saved in the history is limited, generally upto a 1000 commands.
+
+.. L8
+
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+ <Ctrl-r> pas
+
+.. R8
+
+.. L9
+
+{{{ Show slide, with Shell Meta Characters }}}
+
+.. R9
+
+Unix recognizes certain special characters, called "meta characters," as
+command directives. The shell meta characters are recognized anywhere they
+appear in the command line, even if they are not surrounded by blank space.
+For that reason, it is safest to only use the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, and
+the period, dash, and underscore characters when naming files and directories
+ on Unix. If your file or directory has a shell meta character in the name,
+you will find it difficult to use the name in a shell command.
+
+The characters that you see on the slide are the shell meta characters
+
+ / < > ! $ % ^ & * | { } [ ] " ' ` ~ ;
+
+.. R10
+
+Let's take an example,
+
+.. L10
+
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+ ls file.*
+
+.. R11
+
+It means, run on a directory containing the files file, file.c, file.lst, and
+myfile would list the files file.c and file.lst. However,
+
+.. L11
+
+::
+
+ ls file.?
+
+.. R12
+
+Run on the same directory would only list file.c because the ? only
+matches one character, no more, no less. This can save you a great deal of
+typing time.
+
+For example, if there is a file called california_cornish_hens_with_wild_rice
+and no other files whose names begin with 'c', you could view the file without
+typing the whole name by typing this
+
+.. L12
+
+::
+
+ more c*
+
+.. R13
+
+Here, the c* matches that long file name.
+
+File-names containing metacharacters can pose many problems and should never
+be intentionally created.
+
+.. L13
+
+.. L14
+
+{{{ Switch to Summary slide }}}
+
+.. R14
+
+This brings us to the end of the end of this tutorial.
+In this tutorial, we have learnt to,
+
+1. Implement features of tab-completion and history.
+#. Make use of the shell meta characters.
+
+.. L15
+
+{{{ Show self assessment questions slide }}}
+
+.. R15
+
+Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve:
+
+1. Bash does not provide tab completion for Host Names. True of False?
+
+2. State the command which will list all the files in the current working
+ directory that end in either .c or .h
+
+.. L16
+
+{{{ Solutions for the self assessment questions on slide }}}
+
+.. R16
+
+And the answers:
+
+1. False. Bash provides tab completion for Host Names when they are prefixed
+ with a @ sign.
+
+
+2. The command which will find the files ending either in .c or .h is,
+::
+
+ ls *.[ch]
+
+
+.. L17
+
+{{{ Show the SDES & FOSSEE slide }}}
+
+.. R17
+
+Software Development techniques for Engineers and Scientists - SDES, is an
+initiative by FOSSEE. For more information, please visit the given link.
+
+Free and Open-source Software for Science and Engineering Education - FOSSEE, is
+based at IIT Bombay which is funded by MHRD as part of National Mission on
+Education through ICT.
+
+.. L18
+
+{{{ Show the ``About the Spoken Tutorial Project'' slide }}}
+
+.. R18
+
+Watch the video available at the following link. It summarises the Spoken
+Tutorial project.If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and
+watch it.
+
+.. L19
+
+{{{ Show the `` Spoken Tutorial Workshops'' slide }}}
+
+.. R19
+
+The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials,
+gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
+
+For more details, contact contact@spoken-tutorial.org
+
+.. L20
+
+{{{ Show the ``Acknowledgements'' slide }}}
+
+.. R20
+
+Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the "Talk to a Teacher" project.
+It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD,
+Government of India. More information on this mission is available at the
+given link.
+
+.. L21
+
+{{{ Show the Thank you slide }}}
+
+.. R21
+
+Hope you have enjoyed this tutorial and found it useful.
+Thank you!