path: root/usr/man/mann/subst.n

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1994 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\" Copyright (c) 2001 Donal K. Fellows
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\" 
.\" The -*- nroff -*- definitions below are for supplemental macros used
.\" in Tcl/Tk manual entries.
.\"
.\" .AP type name in/out ?indent?
.\"	Start paragraph describing an argument to a library procedure.
.\"	type is type of argument (int, etc.), in/out is either "in", "out",
.\"	or "in/out" to describe whether procedure reads or modifies arg,
.\"	and indent is equivalent to second arg of .IP (shouldn't ever be
.\"	needed;  use .AS below instead)
.\"
.\" .AS ?type? ?name?
.\"	Give maximum sizes of arguments for setting tab stops.  Type and
.\"	name are examples of largest possible arguments that will be passed
.\"	to .AP later.  If args are omitted, default tab stops are used.
.\"
.\" .BS
.\"	Start box enclosure.  From here until next .BE, everything will be
.\"	enclosed in one large box.
.\"
.\" .BE
.\"	End of box enclosure.
.\"
.\" .CS
.\"	Begin code excerpt.
.\"
.\" .CE
.\"	End code excerpt.
.\"
.\" .VS ?version? ?br?
.\"	Begin vertical sidebar, for use in marking newly-changed parts
.\"	of man pages.  The first argument is ignored and used for recording
.\"	the version when the .VS was added, so that the sidebars can be
.\"	found and removed when they reach a certain age.  If another argument
.\"	is present, then a line break is forced before starting the sidebar.
.\"
.\" .VE
.\"	End of vertical sidebar.
.\"
.\" .DS
.\"	Begin an indented unfilled display.
.\"
.\" .DE
.\"	End of indented unfilled display.
.\"
.\" .SO ?manpage?
.\"	Start of list of standard options for a Tk widget. The manpage
.\"	argument defines where to look up the standard options; if
.\"	omitted, defaults to "options". The options follow on successive
.\"	lines, in three columns separated by tabs.
.\"
.\" .SE
.\"	End of list of standard options for a Tk widget.
.\"
.\" .OP cmdName dbName dbClass
.\"	Start of description of a specific option.  cmdName gives the
.\"	option's name as specified in the class command, dbName gives
.\"	the option's name in the option database, and dbClass gives
.\"	the option's class in the option database.
.\"
.\" .UL arg1 arg2
.\"	Print arg1 underlined, then print arg2 normally.
.\"
.\" .QW arg1 ?arg2?
.\"	Print arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally (for trailing punctuation).
.\"
.\" .PQ arg1 ?arg2?
.\"	Print an open parenthesis, arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally
.\"	(for trailing punctuation) and then a closing parenthesis.
.\"
.\"	# Set up traps and other miscellaneous stuff for Tcl/Tk man pages.
.if t .wh -1.3i ^B
.nr ^l \n(.l
.ad b
.\"	# Start an argument description
.de AP
.ie !"\\$4"" .TP \\$4
.el \{\
.   ie !"\\$2"" .TP \\n()Cu
.   el          .TP 15
.\}
.ta \\n()Au \\n()Bu
.ie !"\\$3"" \{\
\&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP (\\$3)
.\".b
.\}
.el \{\
.br
.ie !"\\$2"" \{\
\&\\$1	\\fI\\$2\\fP
.\}
.el \{\
\&\\fI\\$1\\fP
.\}
.\}
..
.\"	# define tabbing values for .AP
.de AS
.nr )A 10n
.if !"\\$1"" .nr )A \\w'\\$1'u+3n
.nr )B \\n()Au+15n
.\"
.if !"\\$2"" .nr )B \\w'\\$2'u+\\n()Au+3n
.nr )C \\n()Bu+\\w'(in/out)'u+2n
..
.AS Tcl_Interp Tcl_CreateInterp in/out
.\"	# BS - start boxed text
.\"	# ^y = starting y location
.\"	# ^b = 1
.de BS
.br
.mk ^y
.nr ^b 1u
.if n .nf
.if n .ti 0
.if n \l'\\n(.lu\(ul'
.if n .fi
..
.\"	# BE - end boxed text (draw box now)
.de BE
.nf
.ti 0
.mk ^t
.ie n \l'\\n(^lu\(ul'
.el \{\
.\"	Draw four-sided box normally, but don't draw top of
.\"	box if the box started on an earlier page.
.ie !\\n(^b-1 \{\
\h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul'
.\}
.el \}\
\h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul'
.\}
.\}
.fi
.br
.nr ^b 0
..
.\"	# VS - start vertical sidebar
.\"	# ^Y = starting y location
.\"	# ^v = 1 (for troff;  for nroff this doesn't matter)
.de VS
.if !"\\$2"" .br
.mk ^Y
.ie n 'mc \s12\(br\s0
.el .nr ^v 1u
..
.\"	# VE - end of vertical sidebar
.de VE
.ie n 'mc
.el \{\
.ev 2
.nf
.ti 0
.mk ^t
\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\L'|\\n(^Yu-1v\(bv'\v'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu'\h'-|\\n(^lu+3n'
.sp -1
.fi
.ev
.\}
.nr ^v 0
..
.\"	# Special macro to handle page bottom:  finish off current
.\"	# box/sidebar if in box/sidebar mode, then invoked standard
.\"	# page bottom macro.
.de ^B
.ev 2
'ti 0
'nf
.mk ^t
.if \\n(^b \{\
.\"	Draw three-sided box if this is the box's first page,
.\"	draw two sides but no top otherwise.
.ie !\\n(^b-1 \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c
.el \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c
.\}
.if \\n(^v \{\
.nr ^x \\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu
\kx\h'-\\nxu'\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\ky\L'-\\n(^xu'\v'\\n(^xu'\h'|0u'\c
.\}
.bp
'fi
.ev
.if \\n(^b \{\
.mk ^y
.nr ^b 2
.\}
.if \\n(^v \{\
.mk ^Y
.\}
..
.\"	# DS - begin display
.de DS
.RS
.nf
.sp
..
.\"	# DE - end display
.de DE
.fi
.RE
.sp
..
.\"	# SO - start of list of standard options
.de SO
'ie '\\$1'' .ds So \\fBoptions\\fR
'el .ds So \\fB\\$1\\fR
.SH "STANDARD OPTIONS"
.LP
.nf
.ta 5.5c 11c
.ft B
..
.\"	# SE - end of list of standard options
.de SE
.fi
.ft R
.LP
See the \\*(So manual entry for details on the standard options.
..
.\"	# OP - start of full description for a single option
.de OP
.LP
.nf
.ta 4c
Command-Line Name:	\\fB\\$1\\fR
Database Name:	\\fB\\$2\\fR
Database Class:	\\fB\\$3\\fR
.fi
.IP
..
.\"	# CS - begin code excerpt
.de CS
.RS
.nf
.ta .25i .5i .75i 1i
..
.\"	# CE - end code excerpt
.de CE
.fi
.RE
..
.\"	# UL - underline word
.de UL
\\$1\l'|0\(ul'\\$2
..
.\"	# QW - apply quotation marks to word
.de QW
.ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\$2
.\"" fix emacs highlighting
.el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2
..
.\"	# PQ - apply parens and quotation marks to word
.de PQ
.ie '\\*(lq'"' (``\\$1''\\$2)\\$3
.\"" fix emacs highlighting
.el (\\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2)\\$3
..
.\"	# QR - quoted range
.de QR
.ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\-``\\$2''\\$3
.\"" fix emacs highlighting
.el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\-\\*(lq\\$2\\*(rq\\$3
..
.\"	# MT - "empty" string
.de MT
.QW ""
..
.TH subst n 7.4 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
subst \- Perform backslash, command, and variable substitutions
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBsubst \fR?\fB\-nobackslashes\fR? ?\fB\-nocommands\fR? ?\fB\-novariables\fR? \fIstring\fR
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
This command performs variable substitutions, command substitutions,
and backslash substitutions on its \fIstring\fR argument and
returns the fully-substituted result.
The substitutions are performed in exactly the same way as for
Tcl commands.
As a result, the \fIstring\fR argument is actually substituted twice,
once by the Tcl parser in the usual fashion for Tcl commands, and
again by the \fIsubst\fR command.
.PP
If any of the \fB\-nobackslashes\fR, \fB\-nocommands\fR, or
\fB\-novariables\fR are specified, then the corresponding substitutions
are not performed.
For example, if \fB\-nocommands\fR is specified, command substitution
is not performed:  open and close brackets are treated as ordinary characters
with no special interpretation.
.PP
Note that the substitution of one kind can include substitution of 
other kinds.  For example, even when the \fB\-novariables\fR option
is specified, command substitution is performed without restriction.
This means that any variable substitution necessary to complete the
command substitution will still take place.  Likewise, any command
substitution necessary to complete a variable substitution will
take place, even when \fB\-nocommands\fR is specified.  See the
\fBEXAMPLES\fR below.
.PP
If an error occurs during substitution, then \fBsubst\fR will return
that error.  If a break exception occurs during command or variable
substitution, the result of the whole substitution will be the
string (as substituted) up to the start of the substitution that
raised the exception.  If a continue exception occurs during the
evaluation of a command or variable substitution, an empty string
will be substituted for that entire command or variable substitution
(as long as it is well-formed Tcl.)  If a return exception occurs,
or any other return code is returned during command or variable
substitution, then the returned value is substituted for that
substitution.  See the \fBEXAMPLES\fR below.  In this way, all exceptional
return codes are
.QW caught
by \fBsubst\fR.  The \fBsubst\fR command
itself will either return an error, or will complete successfully.
.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
When it performs its substitutions, \fIsubst\fR does not give any
special treatment to double quotes or curly braces (except within
command substitutions) so the script
.CS
set a 44
\fBsubst\fR {xyz {$a}}
.CE
returns
.QW "\fBxyz {44}\fR" ,
not
.QW "\fBxyz {$a}\fR"
and the script
.CS
set a "p\e} q \e{r"
\fBsubst\fR {xyz {$a}}
.CE
returns
.QW "\fBxyz {p} q {r}\fR" ,
not
.QW "\fBxyz {p\e} q \e{r}\fR".
.PP
When command substitution is performed, it includes any variable
substitution necessary to evaluate the script.
.CS
set a 44
\fBsubst\fR -novariables {$a [format $a]}
.CE
returns
.QW "\fB$a 44\fR" ,
not
.QW "\fB$a $a\fR" .
Similarly, when
variable substitution is performed, it includes any command
substitution necessary to retrieve the value of the variable.
.CS
proc b {} {return c}
array set a {c c [b] tricky}
\fBsubst\fR -nocommands {[b] $a([b])}
.CE
returns
.QW "\fB[b] c\fR" ,
not
.QW "\fB[b] tricky\fR" .
.PP
The continue and break exceptions allow command substitutions to
prevent substitution of the rest of the command substitution and the
rest of \fIstring\fR respectively, giving script authors more options
when processing text using \fIsubst\fR.  For example, the script
.CS
\fBsubst\fR {abc,[break],def}
.CE
returns
.QW \fBabc,\fR ,
not
.QW \fBabc,,def\fR
and the script
.CS
\fBsubst\fR {abc,[continue;expr {1+2}],def}
.CE
returns
.QW \fBabc,,def\fR ,
not
.QW \fBabc,3,def\fR .
.PP
Other exceptional return codes substitute the returned value
.CS
\fBsubst\fR {abc,[return foo;expr {1+2}],def}
.CE
returns
.QW \fBabc,foo,def\fR ,
not
.QW \fBabc,3,def\fR
and
.CS
\fBsubst\fR {abc,[return -code 10 foo;expr {1+2}],def}
.CE
also returns
.QW \fBabc,foo,def\fR ,
not
.QW \fBabc,3,def\fR .
.SH "SEE ALSO"
Tcl(n), eval(n), break(n), continue(n)
.SH KEYWORDS
backslash substitution, command substitution, variable substitution