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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
 * Scilab ( http://www.scilab.org/ ) - This file is part of Scilab
 * Copyright (C) XXXX-2008 - INRIA
 *
 * This file must be used under the terms of the CeCILL.
 * This source file is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
 * you should have received as part of this distribution.  The terms
 * are also available at
 * http://www.cecill.info/licences/Licence_CeCILL_V2.1-en.txt
 *
 -->
<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:ns4="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:scilab="http://www.scilab.org" xml:id="file" xml:lang="en">
    <refnamediv>
        <refname>file</refname>
        <refpurpose>file management</refpurpose>
    </refnamediv>
    <refsynopsisdiv>
        <title>Calling Sequence</title>
        <synopsis>[unit [,err]]=file("open", file-name [,status] [,access [,recl]] [,format])
            file("close", unit)
            file("rewind", unit)
            file("backspace", unit)
            file("last", unit)
            [units [,typ [,nams [,mod [,swap]]]]] = file([unit])
        </synopsis>
    </refsynopsisdiv>
    <refsection>
        <title>Arguments</title>
        <variablelist>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>file-name</term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>string, file name of the file to be opened</para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>status</term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>string, The status of the file to be opened</para>
                    <variablelist>
                        <varlistentry>
                            <term>"new"</term>
                            <listitem>
                                <para>file must not exist new file (default)</para>
                            </listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                        <varlistentry>
                            <term>"old"</term>
                            <listitem>
                                <para>file must already exists.</para>
                            </listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                        <varlistentry>
                            <term>"unknown"</term>
                            <listitem>
                                <para>unknown status</para>
                            </listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                        <varlistentry>
                            <term>"scratch"</term>
                            <listitem>
                                <para>file is to be deleted at end of session</para>
                            </listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                    </variablelist>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>access</term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>string, The type of access to the file</para>
                    <variablelist>
                        <varlistentry>
                            <term>"sequential"</term>
                            <listitem>
                                <para>sequential access (default)</para>
                            </listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                        <varlistentry>
                            <term>"direct"</term>
                            <listitem>
                                <para>direct access.</para>
                            </listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                    </variablelist>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>format</term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>string,</para>
                    <variablelist>
                        <varlistentry>
                            <term>"formatted"</term>
                            <listitem>
                                <para>for a formatted file (default)</para>
                            </listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                        <varlistentry>
                            <term>"unformatted"</term>
                            <listitem>
                                <para>binary record.</para>
                            </listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                    </variablelist>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>recl</term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>integer,is the size of records in bytes when
                        <literal>access="direct"</literal>
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>unit</term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>integer, logical unit descriptor of the opened file</para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>units</term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>integer vector, logical unit descriptor of the opened files.
                        Units 5 and 6 (%io) are reserved by the system for input and output
                        devices.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>typs</term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Character string vector, type (C or Fortran) of opened
                        files.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>nams</term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Character string vector, pathnames of opened files.</para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>mod</term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>file opening mode. Formed by three digits abc</para>
                    <variablelist>
                        <varlistentry>
                            <term>Fortran files</term>
                            <listitem>
                                <variablelist>
                                    <varlistentry>
                                        <term>a</term>
                                        <listitem>
                                            <para>0 stands for formatted and 1 for unformatted
                                                (binary)
                                            </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                    </varlistentry>
                                    <varlistentry>
                                        <term>b</term>
                                        <listitem>
                                            <para>0 stands for sequential access and 1 for direct
                                                access
                                            </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                    </varlistentry>
                                    <varlistentry>
                                        <term>c</term>
                                        <listitem>
                                            <para>0 stands for "new", 1 for "old", 2 for "scratch"
                                                and 3 for "unknown"
                                            </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                    </varlistentry>
                                </variablelist>
                            </listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                        <varlistentry>
                            <term>C files</term>
                            <listitem>
                                <variablelist>
                                    <varlistentry>
                                        <varlistentry>
                                            <term>a</term>
                                            <listitem>
                                                <para>1 stands for "r" (read), 2 stands for "w" (write)
                                                    and 3 for "a" (append)
                                                </para>
                                            </listitem>
                                            <varlistentry>
                                                <term>b</term>
                                                <listitem>
                                                    <para>is 1 if file has been opened with a "+" (updating)
                                                        mode
                                                    </para>
                                                </listitem>
                                            </varlistentry>
                                        </varlistentry>
                                        <term>b</term>
                                        <listitem>
                                            <para>is 1 if file has been opened with a "b" (binary)
                                                mode
                                            </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                    </varlistentry>
                                </variablelist>
                            </listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                    </variablelist>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>swap</term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>automatic swap switch. swap=1 if automatic swap is on. swap is
                        always 0 for Fortran files.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>err</term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>integer, error message number (see error), if open fails. If
                        err is omitted an error message is issued.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
        </variablelist>
    </refsection>
    <refsection>
        <title>Description</title>
        <para>
            selects a logical unit <varname>unit</varname> and manages the file
            <varname>file-name</varname>.
        </para>
        <variablelist>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>[unit [,err]]=file("open", file-name [,status] [,access
                    [,recl]][,format])
                </term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        allows to open a file with specified
                        properties and to get the associated unit number <varname>unit</varname>.
                        This unit number may be used for further actions on this file or as file
                        descriptor in <function>read</function>, <function>write</function>,
                        <function>readb</function>,
                        <function>writb</function>,<function>save</function>, <function>load</function>
                        function calls.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>
                    file("close", unit)
                </term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        allows to close the file, or move the current file pointer.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>
                    file("rewind", unit)
                </term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        puts the pointer at the beginning of file.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>
                    file("backspace", unit)
                </term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        puts the pointer at the beginning of last record.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>
                    file("last", unit)
                </term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        puts the pointer after last record.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
            <varlistentry>
                <term>
                    file()
                </term>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        returns the logical unit descriptors of
                        the opened files. So <literal>file("close",file())</literal> closes all
                        user opened files (C or Fortran type).
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
        </variablelist>
        <para>
            This function can not open a UTF filename. In this case, please uses
            mopen.
        </para>
    </refsection>
    <refsection>
        <title>Examples</title>
        <programlisting role="example"><![CDATA[
u=file("open",TMPDIR+"/foo","unknown")
for k=1:4
  a=rand(1,4)
  write(u,a)
end
file("rewind",u)
x=read(u,2,4)
file("close",u)
//
u1=file("open",TMPDIR+"/foo","unknown")
u2=mopen(TMPDIR+"/foo1","wb")
[units,typs,nams]=file()
file("close",u1);
mclose(u2);
 ]]></programlisting>
    </refsection>
    <refsection role="see also">
        <title>See Also</title>
        <simplelist type="inline">
            <member>
                <link linkend="save">save</link>
            </member>
            <member>
                <link linkend="load">load</link>
            </member>
            <member>
                <link linkend="write">write</link>
            </member>
            <member>
                <link linkend="read">read</link>
            </member>
            <member>
                <link linkend="writb">writb</link>
            </member>
            <member>
                <link linkend="readb">readb</link>
            </member>
            <member>
                <link linkend="uigetfile">uigetfile</link>
            </member>
            <member>
                <link linkend="mopen">mopen</link>
            </member>
            <member>
                <link linkend="mclose">mclose</link>
            </member>
        </simplelist>
    </refsection>
</refentry>