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diff --git a/usr/man/mann/uplevel.n b/usr/man/mann/uplevel.n new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a56864c23 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr/man/mann/uplevel.n @@ -0,0 +1,361 @@ +'\" +'\" Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California. +'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. +'\" +'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution +'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES. +'\" +.\" The -*- nroff -*- definitions below are for supplemental macros used +.\" in Tcl/Tk manual entries. +.\" +.\" .AP type name in/out ?indent? +.\" Start paragraph describing an argument to a library procedure. +.\" type is type of argument (int, etc.), in/out is either "in", "out", +.\" or "in/out" to describe whether procedure reads or modifies arg, +.\" and indent is equivalent to second arg of .IP (shouldn't ever be +.\" needed; use .AS below instead) +.\" +.\" .AS ?type? ?name? +.\" Give maximum sizes of arguments for setting tab stops. Type and +.\" name are examples of largest possible arguments that will be passed +.\" to .AP later. If args are omitted, default tab stops are used. +.\" +.\" .BS +.\" Start box enclosure. From here until next .BE, everything will be +.\" enclosed in one large box. +.\" +.\" .BE +.\" End of box enclosure. +.\" +.\" .CS +.\" Begin code excerpt. +.\" +.\" .CE +.\" End code excerpt. +.\" +.\" .VS ?version? ?br? +.\" Begin vertical sidebar, for use in marking newly-changed parts +.\" of man pages. The first argument is ignored and used for recording +.\" the version when the .VS was added, so that the sidebars can be +.\" found and removed when they reach a certain age. If another argument +.\" is present, then a line break is forced before starting the sidebar. +.\" +.\" .VE +.\" End of vertical sidebar. +.\" +.\" .DS +.\" Begin an indented unfilled display. +.\" +.\" .DE +.\" End of indented unfilled display. +.\" +.\" .SO ?manpage? +.\" Start of list of standard options for a Tk widget. The manpage +.\" argument defines where to look up the standard options; if +.\" omitted, defaults to "options". The options follow on successive +.\" lines, in three columns separated by tabs. +.\" +.\" .SE +.\" End of list of standard options for a Tk widget. +.\" +.\" .OP cmdName dbName dbClass +.\" Start of description of a specific option. cmdName gives the +.\" option's name as specified in the class command, dbName gives +.\" the option's name in the option database, and dbClass gives +.\" the option's class in the option database. +.\" +.\" .UL arg1 arg2 +.\" Print arg1 underlined, then print arg2 normally. +.\" +.\" .QW arg1 ?arg2? +.\" Print arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally (for trailing punctuation). +.\" +.\" .PQ arg1 ?arg2? +.\" Print an open parenthesis, arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally +.\" (for trailing punctuation) and then a closing parenthesis. +.\" +.\" # Set up traps and other miscellaneous stuff for Tcl/Tk man pages. +.if t .wh -1.3i ^B +.nr ^l \n(.l +.ad b +.\" # Start an argument description +.de AP +.ie !"\\$4"" .TP \\$4 +.el \{\ +. ie !"\\$2"" .TP \\n()Cu +. el .TP 15 +.\} +.ta \\n()Au \\n()Bu +.ie !"\\$3"" \{\ +\&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP (\\$3) +.\".b +.\} +.el \{\ +.br +.ie !"\\$2"" \{\ +\&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP +.\} +.el \{\ +\&\\fI\\$1\\fP +.\} +.\} +.. +.\" # define tabbing values for .AP +.de AS +.nr )A 10n +.if !"\\$1"" .nr )A \\w'\\$1'u+3n +.nr )B \\n()Au+15n +.\" +.if !"\\$2"" .nr )B \\w'\\$2'u+\\n()Au+3n +.nr )C \\n()Bu+\\w'(in/out)'u+2n +.. +.AS Tcl_Interp Tcl_CreateInterp in/out +.\" # BS - start boxed text +.\" # ^y = starting y location +.\" # ^b = 1 +.de BS +.br +.mk ^y +.nr ^b 1u +.if n .nf +.if n .ti 0 +.if n \l'\\n(.lu\(ul' +.if n .fi +.. +.\" # BE - end boxed text (draw box now) +.de BE +.nf +.ti 0 +.mk ^t +.ie n \l'\\n(^lu\(ul' +.el \{\ +.\" Draw four-sided box normally, but don't draw top of +.\" box if the box started on an earlier page. +.ie !\\n(^b-1 \{\ +\h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul' +.\} +.el \}\ +\h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul' +.\} +.\} +.fi +.br +.nr ^b 0 +.. +.\" # VS - start vertical sidebar +.\" # ^Y = starting y location +.\" # ^v = 1 (for troff; for nroff this doesn't matter) +.de VS +.if !"\\$2"" .br +.mk ^Y +.ie n 'mc \s12\(br\s0 +.el .nr ^v 1u +.. +.\" # VE - end of vertical sidebar +.de VE +.ie n 'mc +.el \{\ +.ev 2 +.nf +.ti 0 +.mk ^t +\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\L'|\\n(^Yu-1v\(bv'\v'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu'\h'-|\\n(^lu+3n' +.sp -1 +.fi +.ev +.\} +.nr ^v 0 +.. +.\" # Special macro to handle page bottom: finish off current +.\" # box/sidebar if in box/sidebar mode, then invoked standard +.\" # page bottom macro. +.de ^B +.ev 2 +'ti 0 +'nf +.mk ^t +.if \\n(^b \{\ +.\" Draw three-sided box if this is the box's first page, +.\" draw two sides but no top otherwise. +.ie !\\n(^b-1 \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c +.el \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c +.\} +.if \\n(^v \{\ +.nr ^x \\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu +\kx\h'-\\nxu'\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\ky\L'-\\n(^xu'\v'\\n(^xu'\h'|0u'\c +.\} +.bp +'fi +.ev +.if \\n(^b \{\ +.mk ^y +.nr ^b 2 +.\} +.if \\n(^v \{\ +.mk ^Y +.\} +.. +.\" # DS - begin display +.de DS +.RS +.nf +.sp +.. +.\" # DE - end display +.de DE +.fi +.RE +.sp +.. +.\" # SO - start of list of standard options +.de SO +'ie '\\$1'' .ds So \\fBoptions\\fR +'el .ds So \\fB\\$1\\fR +.SH "STANDARD OPTIONS" +.LP +.nf +.ta 5.5c 11c +.ft B +.. +.\" # SE - end of list of standard options +.de SE +.fi +.ft R +.LP +See the \\*(So manual entry for details on the standard options. +.. +.\" # OP - start of full description for a single option +.de OP +.LP +.nf +.ta 4c +Command-Line Name: \\fB\\$1\\fR +Database Name: \\fB\\$2\\fR +Database Class: \\fB\\$3\\fR +.fi +.IP +.. +.\" # CS - begin code excerpt +.de CS +.RS +.nf +.ta .25i .5i .75i 1i +.. +.\" # CE - end code excerpt +.de CE +.fi +.RE +.. +.\" # UL - underline word +.de UL +\\$1\l'|0\(ul'\\$2 +.. +.\" # QW - apply quotation marks to word +.de QW +.ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\$2 +.\"" fix emacs highlighting +.el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2 +.. +.\" # PQ - apply parens and quotation marks to word +.de PQ +.ie '\\*(lq'"' (``\\$1''\\$2)\\$3 +.\"" fix emacs highlighting +.el (\\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2)\\$3 +.. +.\" # QR - quoted range +.de QR +.ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\-``\\$2''\\$3 +.\"" fix emacs highlighting +.el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\-\\*(lq\\$2\\*(rq\\$3 +.. +.\" # MT - "empty" string +.de MT +.QW "" +.. +.TH uplevel n "" Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands" +.BS +'\" Note: do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below! +.SH NAME +uplevel \- Execute a script in a different stack frame +.SH SYNOPSIS +\fBuplevel \fR?\fIlevel\fR?\fI arg \fR?\fIarg ...\fR? +.BE +.SH DESCRIPTION +.PP +All of the \fIarg\fR arguments are concatenated as if they had +been passed to \fBconcat\fR; the result is then evaluated in the +variable context indicated by \fIlevel\fR. \fBUplevel\fR returns +the result of that evaluation. +.PP +If \fIlevel\fR is an integer then +it gives a distance (up the procedure calling stack) to move before +executing the command. If \fIlevel\fR consists of \fB#\fR followed by +a number then the number gives an absolute level number. If \fIlevel\fR +is omitted then it defaults to \fB1\fR. \fILevel\fR cannot be +defaulted if the first \fIcommand\fR argument starts with a digit or \fB#\fR. +.PP +For example, suppose that procedure \fBa\fR was invoked +from top-level, and that it called \fBb\fR, and that \fBb\fR called \fBc\fR. +Suppose that \fBc\fR invokes the \fBuplevel\fR command. If \fIlevel\fR +is \fB1\fR or \fB#2\fR or omitted, then the command will be executed +in the variable context of \fBb\fR. If \fIlevel\fR is \fB2\fR or \fB#1\fR +then the command will be executed in the variable context of \fBa\fR. +If \fIlevel\fR is \fB3\fR or \fB#0\fR then the command will be executed +at top-level (only global variables will be visible). +.PP +The \fBuplevel\fR command causes the invoking procedure to disappear +from the procedure calling stack while the command is being executed. +In the above example, suppose \fBc\fR invokes the command +.CS +\fBuplevel\fR 1 {set x 43; d} +.CE +where \fBd\fR is another Tcl procedure. The \fBset\fR command will +modify the variable \fBx\fR in \fBb\fR's context, and \fBd\fR will execute +at level 3, as if called from \fBb\fR. If it in turn executes +the command +.CS +\fBuplevel\fR {set x 42} +.CE +then the \fBset\fR command will modify the same variable \fBx\fR in \fBb\fR's +context: the procedure \fBc\fR does not appear to be on the call stack +when \fBd\fR is executing. The \fBinfo level\fR command may +be used to obtain the level of the current procedure. +.PP +\fBUplevel\fR makes it possible to implement new control +constructs as Tcl procedures (for example, \fBuplevel\fR could +be used to implement the \fBwhile\fR construct as a Tcl procedure). +.PP +The \fBnamespace eval\fR and \fBapply\fR commands offer other ways +(besides procedure calls) that the Tcl naming context can change. +They add a call frame to the stack to represent the namespace context. +This means each \fBnamespace eval\fR command +counts as another call level for \fBuplevel\fR and \fBupvar\fR commands. +For example, \fBinfo level 1\fR will return a list +describing a command that is either +the outermost procedure call or the outermost \fBnamespace eval\fR command. +Also, \fBuplevel #0\fR evaluates a script +at top-level in the outermost namespace (the global namespace). +.SH EXAMPLE +As stated above, the \fBuplevel\fR command is useful for creating new +control constructs. This example shows how (without error handling) +it can be used to create a \fBdo\fR command that is the counterpart of +\fBwhile\fR except for always performing the test after running the +loop body: +.CS +proc do {body while condition} { + if {$while ne "while"} { + error "required word missing" + } + set conditionCmd [list expr $condition] + while {1} { + \fBuplevel\fR 1 $body + if {![\fBuplevel\fR 1 $conditionCmd]} { + break + } + } +} +.CE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +apply(n), namespace(n), upvar(n) +.SH KEYWORDS +context, level, namespace, stack frame, variables |