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+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "OPENSSL 1"
+.TH OPENSSL 1 "2014-06-05" "0.9.8za" "OpenSSL"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+openssl \- OpenSSL command line tool
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+\&\fBopenssl\fR
+\&\fIcommand\fR
+[ \fIcommand_opts\fR ]
+[ \fIcommand_args\fR ]
+.PP
+\&\fBopenssl\fR [ \fBlist-standard-commands\fR | \fBlist-message-digest-commands\fR | \fBlist-cipher-commands\fR ]
+.PP
+\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR [ \fIarbitrary options\fR ]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (\s-1SSL\s0
+v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (\s-1TLS\s0 v1) network protocols and related
+cryptography standards required by them.
+.PP
+The \fBopenssl\fR program is a command line tool for using the various
+cryptography functions of OpenSSL's \fBcrypto\fR library from the shell. 
+It can be used for
+.PP
+.Vb 6
+\& o  Creation of RSA, DH and DSA key parameters
+\& o  Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs 
+\& o  Calculation of Message Digests
+\& o  Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
+\& o  SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
+\& o  Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
+.Ve
+.SH "COMMAND SUMMARY"
+.IX Header "COMMAND SUMMARY"
+The \fBopenssl\fR program provides a rich variety of commands (\fIcommand\fR in the
+\&\s-1SYNOPSIS\s0 above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments
+(\fIcommand_opts\fR and \fIcommand_args\fR in the \s-1SYNOPSIS\s0).
+.PP
+The pseudo-commands \fBlist-standard-commands\fR, \fBlist-message-digest-commands\fR,
+and \fBlist-cipher-commands\fR output a list (one entry per line) of the names
+of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands,
+respectively, that are available in the present \fBopenssl\fR utility.
+.PP
+The pseudo-command \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR tests whether a command of the
+specified name is available.  If no command named \fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR exists, it
+returns 0 (success) and prints \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR; otherwise it returns 1
+and prints \fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR.  In both cases, the output goes to \fBstdout\fR and
+nothing is printed to \fBstderr\fR.  Additional command line arguments
+are always ignored.  Since for each cipher there is a command of the
+same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the
+availability of ciphers in the \fBopenssl\fR program.  (\fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR is
+not able to detect pseudo-commands such as \fBquit\fR,
+\&\fBlist\-\fR\fI...\fR\fB\-commands\fR, or \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR itself.)
+.SS "\s-1STANDARD COMMANDS\s0"
+.IX Subsection "STANDARD COMMANDS"
+.IP "\fBasn1parse\fR" 10
+.IX Item "asn1parse"
+Parse an \s-1ASN.1\s0 sequence.
+.IP "\fBca\fR" 10
+.IX Item "ca"
+Certificate Authority (\s-1CA\s0) Management.
+.IP "\fBciphers\fR" 10
+.IX Item "ciphers"
+Cipher Suite Description Determination.
+.IP "\fBcrl\fR" 10
+.IX Item "crl"
+Certificate Revocation List (\s-1CRL\s0) Management.
+.IP "\fBcrl2pkcs7\fR" 10
+.IX Item "crl2pkcs7"
+\&\s-1CRL\s0 to PKCS#7 Conversion.
+.IP "\fBdgst\fR" 10
+.IX Item "dgst"
+Message Digest Calculation.
+.IP "\fBdh\fR" 10
+.IX Item "dh"
+Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management.
+Obsoleted by \fBdhparam\fR.
+.IP "\fBdsa\fR" 10
+.IX Item "dsa"
+\&\s-1DSA\s0 Data Management.
+.IP "\fBdsaparam\fR" 10
+.IX Item "dsaparam"
+\&\s-1DSA\s0 Parameter Generation.
+.IP "\fBenc\fR" 10
+.IX Item "enc"
+Encoding with Ciphers.
+.IP "\fBerrstr\fR" 10
+.IX Item "errstr"
+Error Number to Error String Conversion.
+.IP "\fBdhparam\fR" 10
+.IX Item "dhparam"
+Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.
+.IP "\fBgendh\fR" 10
+.IX Item "gendh"
+Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.
+Obsoleted by \fBdhparam\fR.
+.IP "\fBgendsa\fR" 10
+.IX Item "gendsa"
+Generation of \s-1DSA\s0 Parameters.
+.IP "\fBgenrsa\fR" 10
+.IX Item "genrsa"
+Generation of \s-1RSA\s0 Parameters.
+.IP "\fBocsp\fR" 10
+.IX Item "ocsp"
+Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.
+.IP "\fBpasswd\fR" 10
+.IX Item "passwd"
+Generation of hashed passwords.
+.IP "\fBpkcs12\fR" 10
+.IX Item "pkcs12"
+PKCS#12 Data Management.
+.IP "\fBpkcs7\fR" 10
+.IX Item "pkcs7"
+PKCS#7 Data Management.
+.IP "\fBrand\fR" 10
+.IX Item "rand"
+Generate pseudo-random bytes.
+.IP "\fBreq\fR" 10
+.IX Item "req"
+X.509 Certificate Signing Request (\s-1CSR\s0) Management.
+.IP "\fBrsa\fR" 10
+.IX Item "rsa"
+\&\s-1RSA\s0 Data Management.
+.IP "\fBrsautl\fR" 10
+.IX Item "rsautl"
+\&\s-1RSA\s0 utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption.
+.IP "\fBs_client\fR" 10
+.IX Item "s_client"
+This implements a generic \s-1SSL/TLS\s0 client which can establish a transparent
+connection to a remote server speaking \s-1SSL/TLS.\s0 It's intended for testing
+purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but
+internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL \fBssl\fR library.
+.IP "\fBs_server\fR" 10
+.IX Item "s_server"
+This implements a generic \s-1SSL/TLS\s0 server which accepts connections from remote
+clients speaking \s-1SSL/TLS.\s0 It's intended for testing purposes only and provides
+only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all
+functionality of the OpenSSL \fBssl\fR library.  It provides both an own command
+line oriented protocol for testing \s-1SSL\s0 functions and a simple \s-1HTTP\s0 response
+facility to emulate an SSL/TLS\-aware webserver.
+.IP "\fBs_time\fR" 10
+.IX Item "s_time"
+\&\s-1SSL\s0 Connection Timer.
+.IP "\fBsess_id\fR" 10
+.IX Item "sess_id"
+\&\s-1SSL\s0 Session Data Management.
+.IP "\fBsmime\fR" 10
+.IX Item "smime"
+S/MIME mail processing.
+.IP "\fBspeed\fR" 10
+.IX Item "speed"
+Algorithm Speed Measurement.
+.IP "\fBverify\fR" 10
+.IX Item "verify"
+X.509 Certificate Verification.
+.IP "\fBversion\fR" 10
+.IX Item "version"
+OpenSSL Version Information.
+.IP "\fBx509\fR" 10
+.IX Item "x509"
+X.509 Certificate Data Management.
+.SS "\s-1MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS\s0"
+.IX Subsection "MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS"
+.IP "\fBmd2\fR" 10
+.IX Item "md2"
+\&\s-1MD2\s0 Digest
+.IP "\fBmd5\fR" 10
+.IX Item "md5"
+\&\s-1MD5\s0 Digest
+.IP "\fBmdc2\fR" 10
+.IX Item "mdc2"
+\&\s-1MDC2\s0 Digest
+.IP "\fBrmd160\fR" 10
+.IX Item "rmd160"
+\&\s-1RMD\-160\s0 Digest
+.IP "\fBsha\fR" 10
+.IX Item "sha"
+\&\s-1SHA\s0 Digest
+.IP "\fBsha1\fR" 10
+.IX Item "sha1"
+\&\s-1SHA\-1\s0 Digest
+.IP "\fBsha224\fR" 10
+.IX Item "sha224"
+\&\s-1SHA\-224\s0 Digest
+.IP "\fBsha256\fR" 10
+.IX Item "sha256"
+\&\s-1SHA\-256\s0 Digest
+.IP "\fBsha384\fR" 10
+.IX Item "sha384"
+\&\s-1SHA\-384\s0 Digest
+.IP "\fBsha512\fR" 10
+.IX Item "sha512"
+\&\s-1SHA\-512\s0 Digest
+.SS "\s-1ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS\s0"
+.IX Subsection "ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS"
+.IP "\fBbase64\fR" 10
+.IX Item "base64"
+Base64 Encoding
+.IP "\fBbf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb\fR" 10
+.IX Item "bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb"
+Blowfish Cipher
+.IP "\fBcast cast-cbc\fR" 10
+.IX Item "cast cast-cbc"
+\&\s-1CAST\s0 Cipher
+.IP "\fBcast5\-cbc cast5\-cfb cast5\-ecb cast5\-ofb\fR" 10
+.IX Item "cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb"
+\&\s-1CAST5\s0 Cipher
+.IP "\fBdes des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb\fR" 10
+.IX Item "des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb"
+\&\s-1DES\s0 Cipher
+.IP "\fBdes3 desx des\-ede3 des\-ede3\-cbc des\-ede3\-cfb des\-ede3\-ofb\fR" 10
+.IX Item "des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb"
+Triple-DES Cipher
+.IP "\fBidea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb\fR" 10
+.IX Item "idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb"
+\&\s-1IDEA\s0 Cipher
+.IP "\fBrc2 rc2\-cbc rc2\-cfb rc2\-ecb rc2\-ofb\fR" 10
+.IX Item "rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb"
+\&\s-1RC2\s0 Cipher
+.IP "\fBrc4\fR" 10
+.IX Item "rc4"
+\&\s-1RC4\s0 Cipher
+.IP "\fBrc5 rc5\-cbc rc5\-cfb rc5\-ecb rc5\-ofb\fR" 10
+.IX Item "rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb"
+\&\s-1RC5\s0 Cipher
+.SH "PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS"
+.IX Header "PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS"
+Several commands accept password arguments, typically using \fB\-passin\fR
+and \fB\-passout\fR for input and output passwords respectively. These allow
+the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these
+options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no
+password argument is given and a password is required then the user is
+prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current
+terminal with echoing turned off.
+.IP "\fBpass:password\fR" 10
+.IX Item "pass:password"
+the actual password is \fBpassword\fR. Since the password is visible
+to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used
+where security is not important.
+.IP "\fBenv:var\fR" 10
+.IX Item "env:var"
+obtain the password from the environment variable \fBvar\fR. Since
+the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms
+(e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.
+.IP "\fBfile:pathname\fR" 10
+.IX Item "file:pathname"
+the first line of \fBpathname\fR is the password. If the same \fBpathname\fR
+argument is supplied to \fB\-passin\fR and \fB\-passout\fR arguments then the first
+line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output
+password. \fBpathname\fR need not refer to a regular file: it could for example
+refer to a device or named pipe.
+.IP "\fBfd:number\fR" 10
+.IX Item "fd:number"
+read the password from the file descriptor \fBnumber\fR. This can be used to
+send the data via a pipe for example.
+.IP "\fBstdin\fR" 10
+.IX Item "stdin"
+read the password from standard input.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fIasn1parse\fR\|(1), \fIca\fR\|(1), \fIconfig\fR\|(5),
+\&\fIcrl\fR\|(1), \fIcrl2pkcs7\fR\|(1), \fIdgst\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIdhparam\fR\|(1), \fIdsa\fR\|(1), \fIdsaparam\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIenc\fR\|(1), \fIgendsa\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIgenrsa\fR\|(1), \fInseq\fR\|(1), \fIopenssl\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIpasswd\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIpkcs12\fR\|(1), \fIpkcs7\fR\|(1), \fIpkcs8\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIrand\fR\|(1), \fIreq\fR\|(1), \fIrsa\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIrsautl\fR\|(1), \fIs_client\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIs_server\fR\|(1), \fIs_time\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIsmime\fR\|(1), \fIspkac\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIverify\fR\|(1), \fIversion\fR\|(1), \fIx509\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIcrypto\fR\|(3), \fIssl\fR\|(3)
+.SH "HISTORY"
+.IX Header "HISTORY"
+The \fIopenssl\fR\|(1) document appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.2.
+The \fBlist\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR\fB\-commands\fR pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.3;
+the \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.5a.
+For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual
+manual pages.