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+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "EC 1"
+.TH EC 1 "2014-06-05" "0.9.8za" "OpenSSL"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+ec \- EC key processing
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBec\fR
+[\fB\-inform PEM|DER\fR]
+[\fB\-outform PEM|DER\fR]
+[\fB\-in filename\fR]
+[\fB\-passin arg\fR]
+[\fB\-out filename\fR]
+[\fB\-passout arg\fR]
+[\fB\-des\fR]
+[\fB\-des3\fR]
+[\fB\-idea\fR]
+[\fB\-text\fR]
+[\fB\-noout\fR]
+[\fB\-param_out\fR]
+[\fB\-pubin\fR]
+[\fB\-pubout\fR]
+[\fB\-conv_form arg\fR]
+[\fB\-param_enc arg\fR]
+[\fB\-engine id\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+The \fBec\fR command processes \s-1EC\s0 keys. They can be converted between various
+forms and their components printed out. \fBNote\fR OpenSSL uses the 
+private key format specified in '\s-1SEC 1:\s0 Elliptic Curve Cryptography'
+(http://www.secg.org/). To convert a OpenSSL \s-1EC\s0 private key into the
+PKCS#8 private key format use the \fBpkcs8\fR command.
+.SH "COMMAND OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "COMMAND OPTIONS"
+.IP "\fB\-inform DER|PEM\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-inform DER|PEM"
+This specifies the input format. The \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR option with a private key uses
+an \s-1ASN.1 DER\s0 encoded \s-1SEC1\s0 private key. When used with a public key it
+uses the SubjectPublicKeyInfo structur as specified in \s-1RFC 3280.\s0
+The \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR form is the default format: it consists of the \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR format base64
+encoded with additional header and footer lines. In the case of a private key
+PKCS#8 format is also accepted.
+.IP "\fB\-outform DER|PEM\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-outform DER|PEM"
+This specifies the output format, the options have the same meaning as the 
+\&\fB\-inform\fR option.
+.IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-in filename"
+This specifies the input filename to read a key from or standard input if this
+option is not specified. If the key is encrypted a pass phrase will be
+prompted for.
+.IP "\fB\-passin arg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-passin arg"
+the input file password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
+see the \fB\s-1PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1).
+.IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-out filename"
+This specifies the output filename to write a key to or standard output by
+is not specified. If any encryption options are set then a pass phrase will be
+prompted for. The output filename should \fBnot\fR be the same as the input
+filename.
+.IP "\fB\-passout arg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-passout arg"
+the output file password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
+see the \fB\s-1PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1).
+.IP "\fB\-des|\-des3|\-idea\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-des|-des3|-idea"
+These options encrypt the private key with the \s-1DES,\s0 triple \s-1DES, IDEA\s0 or 
+any other cipher supported by OpenSSL before outputting it. A pass phrase is
+prompted for.
+If none of these options is specified the key is written in plain text. This
+means that using the \fBec\fR utility to read in an encrypted key with no
+encryption option can be used to remove the pass phrase from a key, or by
+setting the encryption options it can be use to add or change the pass phrase.
+These options can only be used with \s-1PEM\s0 format output files.
+.IP "\fB\-text\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-text"
+prints out the public, private key components and parameters.
+.IP "\fB\-noout\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-noout"
+this option prevents output of the encoded version of the key.
+.IP "\fB\-modulus\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-modulus"
+this option prints out the value of the public key component of the key.
+.IP "\fB\-pubin\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pubin"
+by default a private key is read from the input file: with this option a
+public key is read instead.
+.IP "\fB\-pubout\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pubout"
+by default a private key is output. With this option a public
+key will be output instead. This option is automatically set if the input is
+a public key.
+.IP "\fB\-conv_form\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-conv_form"
+This specifies how the points on the elliptic curve are converted
+into octet strings. Possible values are: \fBcompressed\fR (the default
+value), \fBuncompressed\fR and \fBhybrid\fR. For more information regarding
+the point conversion forms please read the X9.62 standard.
+\&\fBNote\fR Due to patent issues the \fBcompressed\fR option is disabled
+by default for binary curves and can be enabled by defining
+the preprocessor macro \fB\s-1OPENSSL_EC_BIN_PT_COMP\s0\fR at compile time.
+.IP "\fB\-param_enc arg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-param_enc arg"
+This specifies how the elliptic curve parameters are encoded.
+Possible value are: \fBnamed_curve\fR, i.e. the ec parameters are
+specified by a \s-1OID,\s0 or \fBexplicit\fR where the ec parameters are
+explicitly given (see \s-1RFC 3279\s0 for the definition of the 
+\&\s-1EC\s0 parameters structures). The default value is \fBnamed_curve\fR.
+\&\fBNote\fR the \fBimplicitlyCA\fR alternative ,as specified in \s-1RFC 3279,\s0
+is currently not implemented in OpenSSL.
+.IP "\fB\-engine id\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-engine id"
+specifying an engine (by it's unique \fBid\fR string) will cause \fBreq\fR
+to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine,
+thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default
+for all available algorithms.
+.SH "NOTES"
+.IX Header "NOTES"
+The \s-1PEM\s0 private key format uses the header and footer lines:
+.PP
+.Vb 2
+\& \-\-\-\-\-BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY\-\-\-\-\-
+\& \-\-\-\-\-END EC PRIVATE KEY\-\-\-\-\-
+.Ve
+.PP
+The \s-1PEM\s0 public key format uses the header and footer lines:
+.PP
+.Vb 2
+\& \-\-\-\-\-BEGIN PUBLIC KEY\-\-\-\-\-
+\& \-\-\-\-\-END PUBLIC KEY\-\-\-\-\-
+.Ve
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+To encrypt a private key using triple \s-1DES:\s0
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl ec \-in key.pem \-des3 \-out keyout.pem
+.Ve
+.PP
+To convert a private key from \s-1PEM\s0 to \s-1DER\s0 format:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl ec \-in key.pem \-outform DER \-out keyout.der
+.Ve
+.PP
+To print out the components of a private key to standard output:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl ec \-in key.pem \-text \-noout
+.Ve
+.PP
+To just output the public part of a private key:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl ec \-in key.pem \-pubout \-out pubkey.pem
+.Ve
+.PP
+To change the parameters encoding to \fBexplicit\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl ec \-in key.pem \-param_enc explicit \-out keyout.pem
+.Ve
+.PP
+To change the point conversion form to \fBcompressed\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl ec \-in key.pem \-conv_form compressed \-out keyout.pem
+.Ve
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fIecparam\fR\|(1), \fIdsa\fR\|(1), \fIrsa\fR\|(1)
+.SH "HISTORY"
+.IX Header "HISTORY"
+The ec command was first introduced in OpenSSL 0.9.8.
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Nils Larsch for the OpenSSL project (http://www.openssl.org).