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+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "CA.PL 1"
+.TH CA.PL 1 "2014-06-05" "0.9.8za" "OpenSSL"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+CA.pl \- friendlier interface for OpenSSL certificate programs
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+\&\fB\s-1CA\s0.pl\fR
+[\fB\-?\fR]
+[\fB\-h\fR]
+[\fB\-help\fR]
+[\fB\-newcert\fR]
+[\fB\-newreq\fR]
+[\fB\-newreq\-nodes\fR]
+[\fB\-newca\fR]
+[\fB\-xsign\fR]
+[\fB\-sign\fR]
+[\fB\-signreq\fR]
+[\fB\-signcert\fR]
+[\fB\-verify\fR]
+[\fBfiles\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+The \fB\s-1CA\s0.pl\fR script is a perl script that supplies the relevant command line
+arguments to the \fBopenssl\fR command for some common certificate operations.
+It is intended to simplify the process of certificate creation and management
+by the use of some simple options.
+.SH "COMMAND OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "COMMAND OPTIONS"
+.IP "\fB?\fR, \fB\-h\fR, \fB\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "?, -h, -help"
+prints a usage message.
+.IP "\fB\-newcert\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-newcert"
+creates a new self signed certificate. The private key is written to the file
+\&\*(L"newkey.pem\*(R" and the request written to the file \*(L"newreq.pem\*(R".
+.IP "\fB\-newreq\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-newreq"
+creates a new certificate request. The private key is written to the file
+\&\*(L"newkey.pem\*(R" and the request written to the file \*(L"newreq.pem\*(R".
+.IP "\fB\-newreq\-nodes\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-newreq-nodes"
+is like \fB\-newreq\fR except that the private key will not be encrypted.
+.IP "\fB\-newca\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-newca"
+creates a new \s-1CA\s0 hierarchy for use with the \fBca\fR program (or the \fB\-signcert\fR
+and \fB\-xsign\fR options). The user is prompted to enter the filename of the \s-1CA\s0
+certificates (which should also contain the private key) or by hitting \s-1ENTER\s0
+details of the \s-1CA\s0 will be prompted for. The relevant files and directories
+are created in a directory called \*(L"demoCA\*(R" in the current directory.
+.IP "\fB\-pkcs12\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pkcs12"
+create a PKCS#12 file containing the user certificate, private key and \s-1CA\s0
+certificate. It expects the user certificate and private key to be in the
+file \*(L"newcert.pem\*(R" and the \s-1CA\s0 certificate to be in the file demoCA/cacert.pem,
+it creates a file \*(L"newcert.p12\*(R". This command can thus be called after the
+\&\fB\-sign\fR option. The PKCS#12 file can be imported directly into a browser.
+If there is an additional argument on the command line it will be used as the
+\&\*(L"friendly name\*(R" for the certificate (which is typically displayed in the browser
+list box), otherwise the name \*(L"My Certificate\*(R" is used.
+.IP "\fB\-sign\fR, \fB\-signreq\fR, \fB\-xsign\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-sign, -signreq, -xsign"
+calls the \fBca\fR program to sign a certificate request. It expects the request
+to be in the file \*(L"newreq.pem\*(R". The new certificate is written to the file
+\&\*(L"newcert.pem\*(R" except in the case of the \fB\-xsign\fR option when it is written
+to standard output.
+.IP "\fB\-signCA\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-signCA"
+this option is the same as the \fB\-signreq\fR option except it uses the configuration
+file section \fBv3_ca\fR and so makes the signed request a valid \s-1CA\s0 certificate. This
+is useful when creating intermediate \s-1CA\s0 from a root \s-1CA.\s0
+.IP "\fB\-signcert\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-signcert"
+this option is the same as \fB\-sign\fR except it expects a self signed certificate
+to be present in the file \*(L"newreq.pem\*(R".
+.IP "\fB\-verify\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-verify"
+verifies certificates against the \s-1CA\s0 certificate for \*(L"demoCA\*(R". If no certificates
+are specified on the command line it tries to verify the file \*(L"newcert.pem\*(R".
+.IP "\fBfiles\fR" 4
+.IX Item "files"
+one or more optional certificate file names for use with the \fB\-verify\fR command.
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+Create a \s-1CA\s0 hierarchy:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& CA.pl \-newca
+.Ve
+.PP
+Complete certificate creation example: create a \s-1CA,\s0 create a request, sign
+the request and finally create a PKCS#12 file containing it.
+.PP
+.Vb 4
+\& CA.pl \-newca
+\& CA.pl \-newreq
+\& CA.pl \-signreq
+\& CA.pl \-pkcs12 "My Test Certificate"
+.Ve
+.SH "DSA CERTIFICATES"
+.IX Header "DSA CERTIFICATES"
+Although the \fB\s-1CA\s0.pl\fR creates \s-1RSA\s0 CAs and requests it is still possible to
+use it with \s-1DSA\s0 certificates and requests using the \fIreq\fR\|(1) command
+directly. The following example shows the steps that would typically be taken.
+.PP
+Create some \s-1DSA\s0 parameters:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl dsaparam \-out dsap.pem 1024
+.Ve
+.PP
+Create a \s-1DSA CA\s0 certificate and private key:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl req \-x509 \-newkey dsa:dsap.pem \-keyout cacert.pem \-out cacert.pem
+.Ve
+.PP
+Create the \s-1CA\s0 directories and files:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& CA.pl \-newca
+.Ve
+.PP
+enter cacert.pem when prompted for the \s-1CA\s0 file name.
+.PP
+Create a \s-1DSA\s0 certificate request and private key (a different set of parameters
+can optionally be created first):
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl req \-out newreq.pem \-newkey dsa:dsap.pem
+.Ve
+.PP
+Sign the request:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& CA.pl \-signreq
+.Ve
+.SH "NOTES"
+.IX Header "NOTES"
+Most of the filenames mentioned can be modified by editing the \fB\s-1CA\s0.pl\fR script.
+.PP
+If the demoCA directory already exists then the \fB\-newca\fR command will not
+overwrite it and will do nothing. This can happen if a previous call using
+the \fB\-newca\fR option terminated abnormally. To get the correct behaviour
+delete the demoCA directory if it already exists.
+.PP
+Under some environments it may not be possible to run the \fB\s-1CA\s0.pl\fR script
+directly (for example Win32) and the default configuration file location may
+be wrong. In this case the command:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& perl \-S CA.pl
+.Ve
+.PP
+can be used and the \fB\s-1OPENSSL_CONF\s0\fR environment variable changed to point to 
+the correct path of the configuration file \*(L"openssl.cnf\*(R".
+.PP
+The script is intended as a simple front end for the \fBopenssl\fR program for use
+by a beginner. Its behaviour isn't always what is wanted. For more control over the
+behaviour of the certificate commands call the \fBopenssl\fR command directly.
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
+.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
+The variable \fB\s-1OPENSSL_CONF\s0\fR if defined allows an alternative configuration
+file location to be specified, it should contain the full path to the
+configuration file, not just its directory.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fIx509\fR\|(1), \fIca\fR\|(1), \fIreq\fR\|(1), \fIpkcs12\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIconfig\fR\|(5)