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authorPrabhu Ramachandran2019-07-16 14:25:56 +0530
committerPrabhu Ramachandran2019-07-16 14:25:56 +0530
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Adding some basic content for the CBSE teachers.
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+cells:
+
+- markdown: |
+ # Some useful standard library modules
+
+ Focus is on the syllabus:
+
+ - `math`
+ - `statistics`
+ - `urllib`
+ - More info from: https://docs.python.org/3/library/
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- markdown: |
+ ## Basic mathematical functions: `math`
+
+ - Useful when `numpy` is not available
+ - Much simpler
+ - Does not handle lists or arrays
+ - Only scalars
+ - https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- code: |
+ import math
+
+- code: |
+ math?
+
+- code: |
+ math.sin(math.pi/4)
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- code: |
+ math.acos(0.5)*180/math.pi
+
+- code: |
+ math.degrees(math.acos(0.5))
+
+- code: |
+ dir(math)
+
+
+- code: |
+ math.fsum([.1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1])
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- code: |
+ math.frexp(2)
+
+- code: |
+ math.frexp(1.01235e5)
+
+- markdown: |
+ ## Differences from numpy
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+
+- code: |
+ import numpy as np
+ np.sin([1, 2, 3])
+
+- code: |
+ math.sin([1, 2, 3])
+
+- markdown: |
+
+ See: https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html
+
+
+- markdown: |
+ ## `statistics` module
+
+ - New since Python 3.4
+ - Again useful primarily when `numpy` is not available
+ - https://docs.python.org/3/library/statistics.html
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- code: |
+ import statistics
+
+- code: |
+ statistics?
+
+- code: |
+ statistics.mean([-1.0, 2.5, 3.25, 5.75])
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- code: |
+ statistics.median([1, 3, 5, 7])
+
+- code: |
+ statistics.median_low([1, 3, 5, 7])
+
+- code: |
+ statistics.median_high([1, 3, 5, 7])
+
+- code: |
+ statistics.median_grouped([1, 3, 5, 7])
+
+- code: |
+ statistics.mode([2, 3, 3, 5])
+
+- code: |
+ statistics.mode([2, 3, 3, 5, 5])
+
+- code: |
+ statistics.harmonic_mean([2.5, 3, 10])
+
+- code: |
+ statistics.stdev([1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.75, 3.25, 4.75])
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- code: |
+ statistics.pstdev([1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.75, 3.25, 4.75])
+
+- code: |
+ import numpy as np
+ np.std([1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.75, 3.25, 4.75])
+
+- code: |
+ np.std([1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.75, 3.25, 4.75], ddof=1)
+
+
+- markdown: |
+ ## `urllib` module
+
+ - Changed significantly in Python 3
+ - Very convenient
+ - https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.html
+
+ - Three parts:
+ - `urllib.request`
+ - `urllib.parse`
+ - `urllib.error`
+ - `urllib.robotparser`
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- markdown: |
+ ## Reading a web page
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- code: |
+ import urllib.request
+
+- code: |
+ f = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.w3.org/')
+ f
+
+- code: |
+ # f can be used like a file object
+ print(f.read(300))
+
+- code: |
+ print(f.read(100))
+
+- code: |
+ f.close()
+ # close the request object
+
+- markdown: |
+ - `f.read()` will read everything.
+ - Note that the returned object is a "bytes" object
+
+
+- code: |
+ # Bytes and unicode
+ data = f.read(300)
+ type(data)
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- markdown: |
+ - Must use a suitable encoding to decode these bytes
+ - `'utf-8'` is good usually.
+
+- code: |
+ data.decode('utf-8')
+
+
+- code: |
+ # Using a with statement
+
+ with urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.w3.org/') as f:
+ print(f.read(300))
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- markdown: |
+ Avoids the need to explicitly close the request in the end.
+
+
+- markdown: |
+ ## More advanced tasks
+
+ - Lot more information in documentation
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- code: |
+ # Sending data to a CGI script via POST.
+ req = urllib.request.Request(url='https://localhost/cgi-bin/test.cgi',
+ data=b'This data is passed to stdin of the CGI')
+
+- code: |
+ with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as f:
+ print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
+
+
+- code: |
+ # A PUT request
+ DATA = b'some data'
+ req = urllib.request.Request(url='http://localhost:8080', data=DATA,method='PUT')
+ with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as f:
+ pass
+
+ print(f.status)
+ print(f.reason)
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+
+- markdown: |
+ ## Performing a GET with parameters
+
+ - Lets say you want to do a wikipedia search!
+ - Construct the parameters with `urllib.parse.urlencode`
+ - The wikipedia API requires this URL in a GET request
+
+ - https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&list=search&srsearch=python
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- code: |
+ import urllib.parse
+
+- code: |
+ params = urllib.parse.urlencode(
+ {'action': 'query',
+ 'list': 'search', 'srsearch': 'python'}
+ )
+ params
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- code: |
+ url = 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?%s' % params
+ url
+
+- code: |
+ with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as f:
+ print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
+
+
+- markdown: |
+ ## More on parsing
+
+ - Use `urllib.parse` to parse/construct URLs.
+
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- code: |
+ import urllib.parse
+
+- code: |
+ urllib.parse.urlparse('http://google.com')
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- code: |
+ urllib.parse.urlparse(ftp://ubuntu.com')
+
+- code: |
+ urllib.parse.urlparse('https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&list=search&srsearch=python')
+
+- code: |
+ urllib.parse.urlsplit('https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&list=search&srsearch=python')
+
+
+- markdown: |
+ ## Robots.txt
+
+ - Learn more: https://www.robotstxt.org
+ - Helps control robots which parse a website.
+ - `urllib.robotparser` helps parse and detect setup
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
+
+- markdown: |
+ ## More information
+
+ - See documentation for more information.
+ - https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.html
+
+
+ metadata:
+ slideshow:
+ slide_type: slide
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