path: root/Basic_Electronics_by_R_D_S_Samuel/5-Amplifiers_and_Oscillators.ipynb

{
"cells": [
 {
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
	   "metadata": {},
	   "source": [
       "# Chapter 5: Amplifiers and Oscillators"
	   ]
	},
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_10: EX5_5_10.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.10')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('Calculate overall voltage gain in db & output voltage when input voltage is 1uV for cascaded amplifier')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//Voltage gain of amplifier\n",
"Av1=10\n",
"Av2=100\n",
"Av3=1000\n",
"//input voltage\n",
"Vi=10^-6\n",
"//overall voltage gain\n",
"Av=Av1*Av2*Av3\n",
"//in db\n",
"Avdb=20*log10(Av)\n",
"//output voltage when input voltage is 10^-6V\n",
"Vo=Av*Vi\n",
"printf('overall voltage gain in dB \n%f dB\n',Avdb)\n",
"printf('output voltage \n%f volt\n',Vo)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_11: Calculate_overall_voltage_gain_in_db_of_cascaded_2_stage_amplifier.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.11')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('Calculate overall voltage gain in db of cascaded 2 stage amplifier')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//Voltage gain\n",
"Av1=10\n",
"Av2=20\n",
"//overall voltage gain \n",
"Av=Av1*Av2\n",
"//in db\n",
"Avdb=20*log10(Av)\n",
"printf('Overall gain is \n%f dB\n',Avdb)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_12: EX5_5_12.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.12')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('Calculate overall voltage gain ,gain of 2nd & 3rd stage,input voltage of 2nd stage & all in db of three stage amplifier')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//input voltage \n",
"Vi=0.05\n",
"//output voltage\n",
"Vo=150\n",
"//voltage gain of 1st stage\n",
"Av1=20\n",
"//input to 3rd stage\n",
"V2=15\n",
"//overall voltage gain \n",
"Av=Vo/Vi\n",
"//input to 2nd stage\n",
"V1=Av1*Vi\n",
"//voltage gain of 2nd stage\n",
"Av2=V2/V1\n",
"//voltage gain of 3rd stage\n",
"Av3=Vo/V2\n",
"//all stages gain in db\n",
"Av1db=20*log10(Av1)\n",
"Av2db=20*log10(Av2)\n",
"Av3db=20*log10(Av3)\n",
"//overall gain in db\n",
"Av=Av1db+Av2db+Av3db\n",
"printf('overall voltage gain \n%f\n',Av)\n",
"printf('voltage gain of 2nd & 3rd stages \n%f\n%f\n',Av2,Av3)\n",
"printf('input voltage of 2nd stage \n%f volt\n',V1)\n",
"printf('Decibal voltage gain of 1st, 2nd, 3rd stage \n%fdB\n%fdB\n%fdB\n',Av1db,Av2db,Av3db)\n",
"printf('Overall gain in db \n%f dB\n',Av)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_15: For_CE_amplifier_find_R1_R2_Re_and_Rc.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.15')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('For CE amplifier shown in fig 5.5 find R1,R2,Re & Rc')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"Vcc=24\n",
"//load resistance\n",
"RL=120*10^3\n",
"//since Rc<<RL\n",
"Rc=RL/10\n",
"//select Ve & Vce\n",
"Ve=5\n",
"Vce=3\n",
"Vrc=Vcc-Vce-Ve  //from circuit\n",
"Ic=Vrc/Rc\n",
"//find Re\n",
"Re=Ve/Ic\n",
"R2=10*Re\n",
"//Vbe for si transistor\n",
"Vbe=0.7\n",
"Vb=Vbe+Ve\n",
"I2=Vb/R2\n",
"R1=(Vcc-Vb)/I2\n",
"printf('The resistance values are\nR1=%f ohm\nR2=%f ohm\nRe=%f ohm\nRc=%f ohm\n',R1,R2,Re,Rc)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_16: For_CE_amplifier_find_R1_R2_Re_and_Rc.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.16')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('For CE amplifier shown in fig 5.5 find R1,R2,Re & Rc')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"Vcc=18\n",
"//load resistance\n",
"RL=56*10^3\n",
"//since Rc<<RL\n",
"Rc=RL/10\n",
"//select Ve & Vce\n",
"Ve=5\n",
"Vce=3\n",
"Vrc=Vcc-Vce-Ve  //from circuit\n",
"Ic=Vrc/Rc\n",
"//find Re\n",
"Re=Ve/Ic\n",
"R2=10*Re\n",
"//Vbe for si transistor\n",
"Vbe=0.7\n",
"Vb=Vbe+Ve\n",
"I2=Vb/R2\n",
"R1=(Vcc-Vb)/I2\n",
"printf('The resistance values are\nR1=%f ohm\nR2=%f ohm\nRe=%f ohm\nRc=%f ohm\n',R1,R2,Re,Rc)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_19: calculate_upper_cutoff_frequency_and_voltage_gain_at_lower_cutoff_frequency.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.19')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate upper cut-off frequency & voltage gain at lower cut-off frequency')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//bandwidth of amplifier\n",
"BW=500*10^3\n",
"//lower cut-off frequency\n",
"f1=25\n",
"//midband gain\n",
"Ao=120\n",
"//upper cut-off frequency\n",
"f2=BW+f1\n",
"//voltage gain at lower cut-off frequency\n",
"A1=Ao/sqrt(2)\n",
"printf('upper cut-off frequency \n %f hz\n',f2)\n",
"printf('Voltage gain at lower cut-off frequency \n %f \n',A1)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_23: calculate_closed_loop_gain_for_the_negative_feedback_amplifier.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.23')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate closed-loop gain for the negative feedback amplifier')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//voltage gain without feedback\n",
"Av=100000\n",
"//feedback factor\n",
"B=1/100\n",
"//voltage gain with feedback\n",
"Acl=Av/(1+(B*Av))\n",
"//when Av is changed by 50%\n",
"Av1=50*100000/100\n",
"Av2=Av+Av1\n",
"//voltage gain with feedback when Av changed by +50%\n",
"Acl1=Av2/(1+(B*Av2))\n",
"//voltage gain with feedback when Av changed by -50%\n",
"Av3=Av-Av1\n",
"Acl2=Av3/(1+(B*Av3))\n",
"printf('closed loop gain of negative feedback amplifier is \n %f \n',Acl2)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_24: calculate_closed_loop_gain_for_the_negative_feedback_amplifier.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.24')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate closed-loop gain for the negative feedback amplifier')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//voltage gain without feedback\n",
"Av=1000\n",
"//feedback factor\n",
"B=0.1\n",
"//voltage gain with feedback\n",
"Acl=Av/(1+(B*Av))\n",
"printf('closed loop gain of negative feedback amplifier is \n %f \n',Acl)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_27: calculate_input_impedance_of_amplifier_with_negative_feedback.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.27')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate input impedance of amplifier with negative feedback')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//input impedance without feedback\n",
"Zb=10^3\n",
"//open loop voltage gain\n",
"Av=100000\n",
"//feedback network resistance\n",
"RF1=56*10^3\n",
"RF2=560\n",
"//input side resistance\n",
"R1=68*10^3\n",
"R2=33*10^3\n",
"//feedback factor\n",
"B=RF2/(RF1+RF2)\n",
"//input impedance with feedback\n",
"Zi=Zb*(1+(B*Av))\n",
"//input impedance with feedback by considering R1 & R2\n",
"Rp=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n",
"Zin=(Zi*Rp)/(Zi+Rp)\n",
"printf('input impedance with negative feedback \n%f ohm\n',Zin)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_29: calculate_input_and_output_impedance_of_amplifier_with_negative_feedback.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.29')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate input & output impedance of amplifier with negative feedback')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//input impedance without feedback\n",
"Zb=10^3\n",
"//open loop voltage gain\n",
"Av=7533\n",
"//input side resistance\n",
"R1=68*10^3\n",
"R2=47*10^3\n",
"//feedback factor\n",
"B=1/101\n",
"//input impedance with feedback\n",
"Zi=Zb*(1+(B*Av))\n",
"//input impedance with feedback by considering R1 & R2\n",
"Rp=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n",
"Zin=(Zi*Rp)/(Zi+Rp)\n",
"//output impedance without feedback\n",
"Zc=50*10^3\n",
"Rc=3.9*10^3\n",
"//output impedance with feedback\n",
"Zo=Zc/(1+(B*Av))\n",
"//output impedance with feedback by considering Rc\n",
"Zout=(Rc*Zo)/(Rc+Zo)\n",
"printf('input impedance with negative feedback \n%f ohm\n',Zin)\n",
"printf('output impedance with negative feedback \n%f ohm\n',Zout)\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_35: Estimate_the_closed_loop_upper_cut_off_frequency_and_total_harmonic_distortion.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.35')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('Estimate the closed loop upper cut-off frequency & total harmonic distortion')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//open loop gain\n",
"Av=60000\n",
"//closed loop gain\n",
"Acl=300\n",
"//open loop upper cut-off frequency\n",
"F2OL=15*10^3\n",
"//closed loop upper cut-off frequency & Av/Acl=(1+BAv)\n",
"F2CL=F2OL*Av/Acl\n",
"//total harmonic distortion with feedback if there is 10% distortion without feedback\n",
"HD=10/(Av/Acl)\n",
"printf('closed loop upper cut-off frequency \n%f hz\n',F2CL)\n",
"printf('total harmonic distortion with feedback if there is 10per distortion without feedback \n%f\n',HD)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_36: calculate_open_loop_cut_off_frequency_if_the_open_loop_gain_is_200000.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.36')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate open loop cut-off frequency if the open loop gain is 200000')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//open loop gain\n",
"Av=200000\n",
"//closed loop gain \n",
"Acl=250\n",
"//upper cut-off frequency with feedback\n",
"F2CL=4*10^6\n",
"//upper cut-off frequency without feedback\n",
"F2OL=F2CL/(Av/Acl)\n",
"printf('upper cut-off frequency without feedback \n%f hz\n',F2OL)\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_37: calculate_the_phase_shift_with_negative_feedback.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.37')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the phase shift with negative feedback')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//open loop phase shift\n",
"Po=15\n",
"//open loop gain\n",
"Av=60000\n",
"//closed loop gain\n",
"Acl=300\n",
"//to calculate phase shift with feedback\n",
"AvB=(Av/Acl)-1\n",
"k=((AvB*sin(Po*%pi/180))/(1+(AvB*cos(Po*%pi/180))))\n",
"Pcl=Po-(atan(k)*180/%pi)\n",
"printf('The phase shift with negative feedback=\t%f degree\n',Pcl)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_38: calculate_bandwidth_and_gain_and_harmonic_distortion_with_feedback.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.38')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate bandwidth,gain & harmonic distortion with feedback')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//open loop gain\n",
"Av=1000\n",
"//bandwidth without feedback\n",
"BWol=500*10^3\n",
"//feedback factor\n",
"B=0.1\n",
"//bandwidth with feedback\n",
"BWcl=BWol*(1+(B*Av))\n",
"//closed loop gain\n",
"Acl=Av/(1+(B*Av))\n",
"//harmonic distortion if 15% negative feedback used\n",
"HDcl=15/(1+(B*Av))\n",
"printf('bandwidth with feedback is \n %f hz \n',BWcl)\n",
"printf('closed loop gain \n %f \n',Acl)\n",
"printf('Harmonic distortion with feedback \n %f \n',HDcl)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_3: Calculate_output_power_change_in_decibel_of_amplifier.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.3')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('Calculate output power change in decibel of amplifier')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//output power when frequency is 5khz\n",
"P1=50*10^-3\n",
"//output power when frequency is 20khz\n",
"P2=25*10^-3\n",
"//output power change in decibel\n",
"delPo=10*log10(P2/P1)\n",
"printf('output power change \n%f dB\n',delPo)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_40: calculate_the_frequency_of_oscillation_and_feedback_factor_of_Hartley_oscillator.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.50')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the frequency of oscillation & feedback factor of Hartley oscillator')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//inductance\n",
"L1=2*10^-3\n",
"L2=8*10^-3\n",
"//mutual inductance\n",
"M=100*10^-6\n",
"//capacitor\n",
"C=0.001*10^-6\n",
"//total inductance \n",
"L=L1+L2+M\n",
"//frequency of oscillation\n",
"f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C))\n",
"//feedback factor\n",
"B=L1/L2\n",
"printf('frequency of oscillation of hartley oscillator \n %f hz \n',f)\n",
"printf('feedback factor \n %f \n',B)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_43: calculate_the_frequency_of_oscillation_of_RC_phase_shift_oscillator.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.43')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the frequency of oscillation of RC phase shift oscillator')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"R=500\n",
"C=0.1*10^-6\n",
"//frequency of oscillation\n",
"f=1/(2*%pi*R*C*sqrt(6))\n",
"printf('frequency of oscillation \n%f hz\n',f)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_44: calculate_the_value_of_Capacitor_for_a_RC_phase_shift_oscillator.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.44')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the value of Capacitor for a RC phase shift oscillator')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"R=1000\n",
"//frequency of oscillation\n",
"f=5000\n",
"//capacitor value\n",
"C=1/(2*%pi*R*f*sqrt(6))\n",
"printf('Capacitor value \n%e farad \n',C)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_45: calculate_the_value_of_R_and_C_for_RC_phase_shift_oscillator.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.45')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the value of R & c for RC phase shift oscillator')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//oscillating frequency\n",
"f=2000\n",
"//select Capacitor value\n",
"C=0.1*10^-6\n",
"//resistance value \n",
"R=1/(2*%pi*f*C*sqrt(6)) \n",
"printf('Resistance value \n%f ohm\n',R)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_49: EX5_5_49.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.49')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate frequency of oscillation,feedback factor & gain required for sustained oscillation of hartley oscillator')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//inductance\n",
"L1=5*10^-3\n",
"L2=10*10^-3\n",
"//capacitor\n",
"C=0.01*10^-6\n",
"//frequency of oscillation\n",
"f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt((L1+L2)*C))\n",
"//feedback factor\n",
"B=L1/L2\n",
"//gain required for sustained oscillation\n",
"Av=L2/L1\n",
"printf('gain required for sustained oscillation=\t>%f\n',Av)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_4: Calculate_output_power_change_in_decibel_of_amplifier.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.4')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('Calculate output power change in decibel of amplifier')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//output voltage of amplifier when frequency 3khz\n",
"V1=2\n",
"//output voltage of amplifier when frequency 50khz\n",
"V2=0.5\n",
"//output power change in decibel\n",
"delPo=20*log10(V2/V1)\n",
"printf('output power change \n%f dB\n',delPo)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_51: calculate_the_value_of_L1_and_L2_of_Hartley_oscillator.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.51')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the value of L1 & L2 of Hartley oscillator')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//frequency of oscillation\n",
"f=25*10^3\n",
"C=0.02*10^-6\n",
"//feedback factor\n",
"B=0.2\n",
"//Total inductance\n",
"L=1/(4*(%pi)^2*f^2*C)\n",
"L1byL2=B\n",
"L1plusL2=L\n",
"//therefore\n",
"L2=L/1.2\n",
"L1=L-L2\n",
"printf('The values of L1=\t%f henry\nL2=\t%f henry\n',L1,L2)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_53: Design_the_value_of_L1_L2_and_C_for_a_hartley_oscillator.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.53')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('Design the value of L1,L2 & C for a hartley oscillator')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//frequency of oscillation\n",
"f=30*10^3\n",
"//then value of LC\n",
"LC=1/(4*(%pi)^2*f^2)\n",
"//select c as\n",
"C=0.1*10^-6\n",
"//Total inductance\n",
"L=LC/C\n",
"//let L1=L2\n",
"L1=L/2\n",
"L2=L1\n",
"printf('The values of L1=\t%f henry\nL2=\t%f henry\nC=\t%e farad\n',L1,L2,C)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_55: calculate_the_frequency_of_oscillation_of_Colpitts_oscillator.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.55')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the frequency of oscillation of Colpitts oscillator')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//capacitor\n",
"C1=400*10^-12\n",
"C2=C1\n",
"//inductance\n",
"L=2*10^-3\n",
"//Total capacitance\n",
"C=C1*C2/(C1+C2)\n",
"//frequency of oscillation\n",
"f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C))\n",
"printf('frequency of oscillations \n%f hz\n',f)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_56: EX5_5_56.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.56')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the frequency of oscillation,feedback factor & gain required for sustained oscillation')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//Capacitance\n",
"C1=40*10^-12\n",
"C2=10*10^-12\n",
"//inductance\n",
"L=3*10^-3\n",
"//total effective capacitance\n",
"C=C1*C2/(C1+C2)\n",
"//frequency of oscillation\n",
"f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C))\n",
"//feedback factor\n",
"B=C2/C1\n",
"//gain required for sustained oscillation\n",
"Av=C1/C2\n",
"printf('gain required for sustained oscillation =\t>%f\n',Av)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_57: calculate_the_value_of_L_of_Colpitts_oscillator.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.57')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the value of L of Colpitts oscillator ')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//capacitor\n",
"C1=100*10^-12\n",
"C2=60*10^-12\n",
"//total effective capacitance\n",
"C=C1*C2/(C1+C2)\n",
"//frequency of oscillation\n",
"f=40*10^3\n",
"//inductance\n",
"L=1/(4*(%pi)^2*f^2*C)\n",
"printf('inductance value is \n%f henry\n',L)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_58: calculate_the_value_of_C1_and_C2_of_Colpitts_oscillator.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.58')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the value of C1 & C2 of Colpitts oscillator')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//inductance\n",
"L=5*10^-3\n",
"//frequency of oscillation\n",
"f=50*10^3\n",
"//total effective capacitance\n",
"C=1/(4*(%pi)^2*f^2*L)\n",
"//feedback factor \n",
"B=0.1\n",
"//then C2/C1=0.1, so substituting in C=C1C2/(C1+C2) we get\n",
"C1=1.1*C/0.1\n",
"C2=0.1*C1\n",
"printf('The value of C1=\t%e farad\nC2=\t%e farad\n',C1,C2)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_59: calculate_the_value_of_L_and_C_for_a_colpitts_oscillator.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.59')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the value of L & C for a colpitts oscillator')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//frequency of oscillation\n",
"f=40*10^3\n",
"LC=1/(4*(%pi)^2*f^2)\n",
"//select L\n",
"L=10*10^-3\n",
"//find C\n",
"C=1/(4*(%pi)^2*f^2*L)\n",
"//let C1=C2 so we get\n",
"C1=2*C\n",
"C2=C1\n",
"printf('The values of L=\t%f henry\nC1=\t%e farad\nC2=\t%e farad\n',L,C1,C2)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_5: Calculate_power_gain_of_amplifier.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.5')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('Calculate power gain of amplifier')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//have equal input & load resistance\n",
"//input voltage\n",
"Vi=100*10^-3\n",
"//output voltage\n",
"Vo=3\n",
"//power gain of amplifier\n",
"Apdb=20*log10(Vo/Vi)\n",
"printf('power gain of amplifier \n%f\n',Apdb)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_61: calculate_the_frequency_of_oscillation_for_Wein_Bridge_Oscillator.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.61')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the frequency of oscillation for Wein_Bridge Oscillator')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//Resistance\n",
"R=2*10^3\n",
"//capacitor\n",
"C=0.1*10^-6\n",
"//frequency of oscillation\n",
"f=1/(2*%pi*R*C)\n",
"printf('frequecy of oscillation \n%f hz\n',f)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_62: calculate_the_value_of_R_and_C_for_Wein_Bridge_oscillator.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.62')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the value of R & c for Wein-Bridge oscillator')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//frequency of oscillation\n",
"f=1000\n",
"//find RC\n",
"RC=1/(2*%pi*f)\n",
"//select C<10^-6F\n",
"C=0.1*10^-6\n",
"//the value of R\n",
"R=1/(2*%pi*f*C)\n",
"printf('the value of c \n%f farad\n',C)\n",
"printf('the value of R \n%f ohm\n',R)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_65: calculate_the_Series_and_parallel_resonant_frequencies_of_Crystal.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.65')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('calculate the Series & parallel resonant frequencies of Crystal')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//indutance\n",
"L=3\n",
"//Capacitor due to mechanical mounting of crystal\n",
"Cm=10*10^-12\n",
"//electrical equivalent capacitance of crystal compliance\n",
"Cs=0.05*10^-12\n",
"//electrical equivalent resistance of crystal structure internal friction\n",
"R=2*10^3\n",
"//series resonant frequency\n",
"fs=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*Cs))\n",
"Cp=Cm*Cs/(Cm+Cs)\n",
"//parallel resonant frequency\n",
"fp=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*Cp))\n",
"printf('series resonant frequency \n%f hz\n',fs)\n",
"printf('parallel resonant frequency \n%f hz\n',fp)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5_6: Calculate_new_level_of_output_voltage_when_it_has_fallen_by_4db.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"disp('Example 5.6')\n",
"printf('\n')\n",
"disp('Calculate new level of output voltage when it has fallen by 4db')\n",
"printf('Given\n')\n",
"//output voltage of an amplifier is 2V when frequency 1khz\n",
"V1=2\n",
"//power in db\n",
"Po=-4\n",
"//new level of output voltage\n",
"V2=10^(Po/20)*V1\n",
"printf('new output voltage \n%f volt\n',V2)"
   ]
   }
],
"metadata": {
		  "kernelspec": {
		   "display_name": "Scilab",
		   "language": "scilab",
		   "name": "scilab"
		  },
		  "language_info": {
		   "file_extension": ".sce",
		   "help_links": [
			{
			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
			}
		   ],
		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
		   "name": "scilab",
		   "version": "0.7.1"
		  }
		 },
		 "nbformat": 4,
		 "nbformat_minor": 0
}